PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

MBA (FT) 3rd SemesterSubject : - Project Management

Submitted By: -Shruti PendharkarPROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

CONTENTSProject organization

Human Aspect of Project Management

Project Planning and Control

Gantt Chart

Line Of Balance

PROJECT ORGANIZATION

Defining who is part of the project team and their respective roles is probably one of the most important, yet commonly overlooked aspect of project management.

Based on the activities that need to be done, who has the skills to complete the work, Project managers and coordinators must be divided.

It is also essential for workload management.

FEATURES OF A PROJECT: -

A Project is a non-routine, non-repetitive undertaking often plagued with many uncertainties.The relationships in a project setting are dynamic, temporary and flexible.A project requires a coordination of the efforts of persons drawn form different functional areas and contribution of external agencies.

Suitable organization types for project management are: -

Line and Staff OrganizationDivisional OrganizationMatrix Organization

FORM FEATURESUSED FORLine and Staff Organization Line Managers (Project Managers): Decision making authorityStaff Managers (Project Coordinators): Administrative powers.Only Small Projects, not suitable for large projects.Divisional OrganizationA separate division is set up to implement the project. Create separate goal oriented division of the company, with its own functional departments.It is a very strong form of project organizationSmall and Large Projects(Unable to achieve Higher Degree of Expertise because of inefficient use of the resources)Matrix OrganizationAuthority shared between project manager and functional managers.Twin Objective Efficient use of Resources Effective realization of project objective.Small and Large Projects(Creates greater organizational complexity and inherently conflicting situation)

HUMAN ASPECT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

There is a general assumption in organisations, that if policies and procedures exist, progress should result, simply because structures are in place.

There is a general assumption in organisations, that if policies and procedures exist, progress should result, simply because structures are in place.

It is somewhat a wrong notion11

Its from famous dilbert comic showing how in actual a virtual and real planning differ just cause of the human behariour12

The key to project success is PEOPLEFew people are motivated by fancy project plans, mind maps or business intelligence software designs.They need motivation, encouragement, empathy and leadership.

13

Problems and challenges to be handled by project manager are: -

PROJECT PLANNING & CONTROL

Development of a project plan is often an optimization process.

This optimization revolves around the "triple constraint" of project management: scope management, schedule management, and resource/budget management. These three elements of project planning are so significant that I have dedicated a separate page for each of them.16

Systematicsequencing andschedulingof thetaskscomprising aproject.

FUNCTIONS OF PLANNING

Project control involves a regular comparison of performances against targets, a search for causes of deviation, and a commitment to check adverse variances.

It serves 2 major functions: -

It ensures regular monitoring of performances (i.e. delay in reporting performances, Inappropriate level of Detail, Unreliable information etc.), and

It motivates project personnel to strive for achieving project objectives.

Planning and Control ToolsProgram Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

Gantt Charts

Line of Balance (LOB)

CPM (Critical Path Method)

Work Breakdown Structures

Earned Value Management(EVM)

Risk Analysis

GANTT CHART

Gantt chart is a type of bar chart developed by Henry Gantt in the 1910s,that illustrates a project schedule.

A Gantt chart is one of the most popular and useful ways of showing activities (tasks or events) displayed against time.

Gantt charts are useful for planning and scheduling projects. They help you assess how long a project should take, determine the resources needed, and plan the order in which you'll complete tasks. They're also helpful for managing the dependencies between tasks.

Gantt charts are useful for monitoring a project's progress once it's underway, too. You can immediately see what should have been achieved by a certain date and, if the project is behind schedule, you can take action to bring it back on course.

FEATURES OF GANTT CHARTOn the left of the chart is a list of the activities and along the top is a suitable time scale. Each activity is represented by a bar; the position and length of the bar reflects the start date, duration and end date of the activity.

This allows you to see at a glance:

What the various activities are.When each activity begins and ends,How long each activity is scheduled to lastWhere activities overlap with other activities and by how much.The start and end date of the whole project.

A simple Gantt chart

BENEFITS OF GANTT CHARTShows what is done and the order it is done in. (Big Picture)

Helps keep track of schedule tasks.

Breaks project into smaller phases with milestone (subtasks).

Helps to estimate time and set the pace of the task (Time Management).

Prevents oversights and allow tracking of status in accurate manner.

LINE OF BALANCE (LOB)

Extension of Gantt Chart.

The minimum number required to balance the project activities

Tool for scheduling and tracking of repetitive projects.

Also called as Repetitive Scheduling Method.

For example: - Manufacturing of number of units,Construction of identical houses on a housing estate,Floors of multi-storey buildings.

History: -

LOB was devised by the members of a group headed by George E. Fouch. During 1941, the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company monitored production with LOB.

It was successfully applied to the production planning and scheduling of the huge Navy mobilization program of World War ll.

Definition: -

It collects, measures, and presents information relating to time and accomplishment of the project phases.

These four basic elements are vital ingredients of any effective management system. Together they will provide for the continuous exercise of authority and create a balanced and integrated operation out of a large number of individual and uncoordinated transactions

LINE OF BALANCE CHARTConsist of series of inclined lines which represents the rate of working between the repetitive operations.

Number of houses unitsDuration (weeks)110031112Foundations911

71519

External walls26303234362821

20

RoofInternal walls25

29

30

31

21

23

13

17

Internal works

USES OF LOBIt shows the process, status, background, timing and phasing of the project activities, thus providing management with measuring tools that help:

Comparing actual progress with a formal objective plan.Examining only the deviations from established plans, and gauging their degree of severity with respect to the remainder of the project.Receiving timely information concerning trouble areas and indicating areas where appropriate corrective action is required.Forecasting future performance.Enabling the project manager to ensure that the project activities are in balance and to determine whether any activity is behind schedule.