project - laundry business

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Business Plan: Establishing a Laundry Business in

North Campus, New Delhi

2011-

2012

Prepared by Akshat MehrotraIGTC, Bangalore Page 1

Business Plan: Establishing a

Laundry Business in North

Campus, New Delhi

Post Graduate Program in Business Administration

2010-2012

Indo German Training Centre (IGTC), Bangalore


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Business Plan: Establishing a LaundryBusiness in North Campus, New Delhi

Report submitted to IGTC

In

Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of PGPBA

By

Akshat Mehrotra

Roll no: B1002

Indo-German Training Centre, Bangalore


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Table of Contents

Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................................4

1.0 Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................................5

2.0 Objectives ..............................................................................................................................................9

3.0 Aim ..................................................................................................................................... 9

4.0 Mission ................................................................................................................................................ 9

5 Keys to Success ...................................................................................................................................... 9

6.0CompanySummary................................................................................................................................10

7.0 Company Ownership............................................................................................................................10

8.0 Start Up Summary ................................................................................................................................11

9.0 Services ................................................................................................................................................12

10. Market analysis .................................................................................................................................. 13

11.Market Segmentation ...........................................................................................................................14

12 Target Market Segment Strategy...........................................................................................................15

13. Market Needs .....................................................................................................................................15

14 Service Business Analysis.....................................................................................................................16

15 Competition and buying patterns .......................................................................................................16

16 Strategy and implementation ...............................................................................................................17

17 Difficulties and risks ..............................................................................................................................18

18 Competitive Edge...................................................................................................................................1919 SWOT ....................................................................................................................................................20

20 Porters Analysis ...................................................................................................................................21

21 Marketing Strategy..23

22 Sales Strategy..25

23. Sales Forecast26

24.Management Summary28

25. Personnel Plan..28

26. Number of staff and salary..29

27. Financial Plan.30

28. Break Even Analysis..3229. Projected Profit and loss33

30.Projected Balance Sheet36

31.Business Ratio38

32 Bibliography42


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Acknowledgement

I take this opportunity to thank Ms. Rosa Homburg,

Academic Program Coordinator, Indo-German

Training Centre, and Bangalore for her kind support

and cooperation rendered throughout the study.

I express a deep sense of my gratitude to Mrs.

Audrey DSouza of IGTC for their precious

guidance and for being source of inspiration

throughout the course of this study.

My sincere gratitude to each and every individual

who gave their valuable inputs and information

towards this project

DATE: 29th

Feb 2012

PLACE: Bangalore


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1. Executive Summary

A - Cleaners will be a start-up company to be established in New Delhi in the North

Campus region, as a limited liability company which will be privately owned. The

company will provide laundry and folding, offered with regular home pick-up and

delivery services. The company will have a production area, but will not require a retail

shop because of our pick-up and delivery service. However, we will need delivery vans,

and trained drivers for world class customer service.

Customers can choose payment either at the time of each delivery, or by monthly credit

or debit card billing. At the end of every thirty days we will send statements to each

contract customer, itemizing service fees and the charge for the service to their credit or

debit cards for payment.

The business will provides a new door-to-door, laundry and folding service in North

Campus region of New Delhi also nearby area that will surely attract customer attention.Students staying in hostels and paying guest may find this service to be convenient for

them and would like to try it. If the customers are satisfied with the service quality they

will likely become repeat customers. When the support and convenience comes

continuously at affordable price, they become loyal customers of the service. These

customers will recommend A - Cleaners to their friends and coworkers. As more and

more customers use this service, A Cleaners image is likely enhanced and we will

gain more and more market share.

Sales forecast is expected to increase gradually over the first year and comprise total

sales of Rs. 864,000. We project modest net loss in the first year. Our second and third

year sales are expected to grow 20% and 25% respectively resulting in a modest net

profit of Rs. 63000 in the third year.


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2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Sales 8.64 10.37 12.96

Net Profit -3.6 -1.83 0.63

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

In Rs. Lacs

Sales Net Profit


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In fact, the organised players are specifically catering to the growing middle-class with

high disposable incomes, HNIs, busy working couples and singles who are earning well.The larger demand for organised laundry comes from the metros and tier II cities says

the owner of another laundry that around 65% of demand is driven by metros and 35%

accrues from tier II cities like Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Bhopal, Pune to name a few.

Domestic laundry player White Tiger is eyeing the huge potential once the organised

market becomes more stabilized as there is a huge scope for the laundry business to

prosper.

"Laundry is a necessary evil. During recession, consumers can stop buying clothes but

they would want to keep their existing garments clean. This is an industry, which has

been least hit by the downturn and promises a brighter future for the dry cleaning and

laundry sector in India. As a result of which we have grown by 25-30% every year and

in future, we could grow at a modest rate of 22-25%," said Rajeev Sekhri, vice-

president, White Tiger.


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2. Objectives

To provide low cost and covienient laundry, ironing, folding services for students

residing in the North Campus area of New Delhi.

3. A - Cleaners aim

Is to establish a sustainable business by the end of the third year

Have first year total sales in excess of Rs. 8 Lacs

Provide convenience and world class laundry service to students at an affordable price

4. Mission

We will offer laundry, ironing, folding services with free home pickup and delivery. Our

high quality and convenience will save time for students.

5. Keys to Success

1. The business will enter the first year of operation in 2013; therefore, a comprehensive

marketing strategy will be the key to success of the business.

2. It is important to remember that our target customers are students who are cost

sensitive and hence we propose to offer them high quality laundry service at a lower

rate than the existing market players.

3. Also, operation hours must be convenient and service completion must be timely in

order that customers are not harried after a long day working.

4. The service has to be world class. E Cleaners will have to make sure no clothing is

spoiled in the whole process from pick up to delivery.


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6. Company Summary

A - Cleaners is a start-up company to be established as a limited liability

company in New Delhi. The company will offer laundry, ironing and folding

service, offered with regular home pick-up and delivery services. The company

will have a production area, but will not need store front because of our pick-up

and delivery service. However, we will need delivery vans and trained drivers to

ensure timely pickup and delivery and world class customer service. Initially, the

production facility will be rented. Cleaning equipment i.e. washing machines will

be bought with accompanying maintenance contracts. Iron will be bought with

maintenance contract. Initial financing will be through owner equity and bank

loans.

7. Company Ownership

The proposed form of company is a limited liability company, will be privately owned by

its founder Akshat Mehrotra. Since it is a small business it need not publicly disclose itsfinances. The registration process is quite simple and the business can start by the

starting of 2013. The owner will be the director and will initially handle the book-keeping

responsibilities.


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8. Start-up Summary

Startup expenses, funded through a combination of owner's equity capital and a

commercial loan, are summarized in the table below.

Start- Up Expenditure Rs. 5.46 Lacs.

Owners Equity Rs. 1.82 Lacs

Bank Loan Rs. 3.64 Lacs

Debt Equity Ratio 2:1

Equipment Purchase

Buying new machines costs approximately Rs. 1.25 Lacs excluding maintenance

however to keep high the probability of smooth running of business we will be

purchasing new washing and ironing equipments.

2 Washer70 Kg capacity each, high spin, microprocessor control, electric heat.

4 Steam Iron

3 Ironing table

Buying a second hand delivery trucks. Office equipment


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Loan

Lending plan has to be completed and submitted to the bank 6 months before starting

the business. Loan for a period of 5 years will be needed two months in advance.Annual interest of 14% has to be paid on the long-term loans secured with fixed assets.

9. Services

A - Cleaners is going to provide the following services for customers with free home

pick-up and delivery in the New Delhi NCR area

Laundry for personal clothes and large items such as blankets, curtains, etc.

Folding

All accompanied with pick up and drop facility

Operations plan

There are a couple of ways for customers to take part in the service. Customers can

enter into contracts with A - Cleaners to get regularly scheduled service, or, if it is more

convenient, they can order over the telephone or via e-mail.

Customers can choose payment as per their conveinience at the time of each delivery,

or by monthly credit card or debit card billing. A - Cleaners will send statements to each

customer, itemizing service fees and the charge for the service to their credit or debit

cards for payment, at the end of each month.

Retail shop will not be rented in order to bring down the operation cost. An operations

area for installing machines and equipment, washing and cleaning activities, and storing

not yet cleaned and cleaned garments and items is needed. The operations facility will

require about 1200 square feet divided into four main sections as following


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1. Machine installation and cleaning activities2. Sorting and storage of dirty garments received

3. Storing cleaned garments after finishing prior to delivery

4. Office space

The whole operation process will be controlled and monitored by a laundry expert

employee, and generally managed by the business owner.

10. Market Analysis Summary

It is important to establish the reasons for choosing the laundry service before

doing the market research and making the marketing plan. Laundries rated in the

top ten enterprises with the lowest failure rate.

Payment for the service is by cash, debit card, net banking and credit card.

No capital stagnancy, receive payment every month, easy to get instant profit.

Capital requirement for purchasing commercial laundry equipment is minimal; therefore

the risk of this business is low.

This service only requires a few staff.

Supplies a needed service for customers frequent demand.

Customers use this service as this is a low priced service.

The demand for using service is increasing due to changing life styles, incomes, and the

increase in clothing expenditure.


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11. Market Segmentation

A - Cleaners will be primarily targeting students in the North campus area of New Delhi.

We will start off by offering services to the students and residents of New Delhi NCR but

will also aim at extending our service offering to other student centric cities like Pune,

Bangalore, Kota and Kanpur. We will be targeting primarily students however getting

business full-time, part-time employed customers who would value the convenience of

our service will be added advantage. According to the 2011 census North Delhi has

a population of 883,418, also independent demographic research shows that the

approximate student population in the North Campus area of New Delhi is 80,000, of

which about 50,000 are outstation students.

3%

1%

5%

91%

Demographics of North Delhi

Local students in North Campus

Students staying in college hostel

Students staying in PG and other

hostels

Other population


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12. Target Market Segment Strategy

The table in the previous topic shows actual percentages of students in North Campus

of New Delhi students 2012. There has been a change in the lifestyle of students who

want to engage their time in useful activities rather than in unproductive activities like

doing laundry etc. also students are involved in part time jobs to earn extra income. The

Indian economy shows that employment, income, and GDP trends show an

increase over the past several years as well. This results in improved standard of living,

which leaves people having little time to do their housework. They are often exhausted

after the whole day of working and tend to spend money to hire someone to do the

housework for them. Also, the demand on clothes of these working class people

generally increases proportionately with their income. Buying more expensive clothes,

makes them pay more attention to them and take care and cleaning of those clothes.

With profound research, this business focuses primarily on students and also working

professional class customers as a target segment market.

13. Market Needs

Research shows that two of the key factors in choosing a personal service, such as

laundry by the target segment is affordable price and the convenience of the service. As

stated above, with more students opting for part time jobs for additional income and

increasing burden of studies they tend to choose services based on how much time and

effort the service will save them. Although there are several conventional drop-off

/laundry service providers in the area, A - Cleaners will primarily market its convenient

pickup/delivery service to those busy students who are willing to appreciate such

service, as it saves them time for other endeavors.


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14. Service Business Analysis

The personal service industry is quite a bit fragmented. The North Campus area of New

Delhi is no exception to that, with numerous small providers servicing the community's

needs for laundry. In the North Campus area of New Delhi NCR there are about dozen

dry cleaners, some of which also provide laundry and also garment alteration services

out of which 3 provide pick-up and delivery services but their target maret is completely

different and the price they charge each customer per cloth is averaging around Rs. 25.

In the light of the above facts we will provide laundry service along with free pick up and

delivery service to a specific customer segment primarily students at a nominal average

price of Rs. 15 per cloth.

15. Competition and Buying Patterns

Competition in North Campus area of New Delhi is not fierce. Research shows that

there are twelve dry cleaners in the North Campus area in the city of New Delhi, only 3

of them offering the pick-up and drop-off service. The 3 competitor offering the

convenience of the door-to-door service are White Tiger, Four Seasons Dry Cleaners

and Laundry Express. We believe that initially these will be our major local competitor

however their target segment is different from our target segment. We also believe that

we will be able to win customers from our regular, drop-off competitors by enhancing

the clients' peace of mind by providing them the same service at a much lower cost.


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16. Strategy and Implementation Summary

Following areas will be monitored to evaluate the business performance

Monthly and annual sales

Monthly and annual profit

Repeat business

New business

Customer satisfaction

Customers needs

The business success will depend on price, quality and convenience of the service we

offer to our customer, customer opinions, and competitor response.

16.1 Optimism

The business provides a new door-to-door, laundry service at an affordable price in the

North Campus area in New Delhi that will surely attract customer attention. Outstation

students may find this service is convenient for them and want to try it. If the customers

are satisfied with our service quality they will become repeat customers. When the

patronage occurs regularly, they become loyal customers of our service. These

customers will recommend A - Cleaners to their friends and colleques. As more andmore customers use our service, A - Cleaners' image is enhanced and we will gain

more and more market share.


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If we attain monthly and annual sales at least as forecasted, total costs and

expenses, including any unanticipated charges, will not exceed our estimates and wewill be in line with our forecasts.

17. Difficulties and Risks

A - Cleaners is a start-up company and has less experience and begins its business

with no market share at all. Hence assertive, effective initial marketing efforts and

strategies will be necessary to gain a customer base. If existing competitors see us as a

major threat and they resort to overtly aggressive actions it will be very difficult for us to

become an established player in the marketplace. Risks caused by competitors are

possible, therefore the business has to monitor and evaluate its performance frequently,

and collect customer evaluations and suggestions in order to improve continually.

17.1 Worst Case Risks

The worst case scenario would be that the business cannot support itself on an ongoing

basis. The costs of doing business may be under-estimated or sales and profit may be

less than expected, making the business difficult in finance. Moreover, in case of social

economic recession, political changes, or inflation, the business may perform even

worse than has been forecasted.


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18. Competitive Edge

As the Indian economy is a developing one and quality of life is increases, people tend

to spend more time and money in leisure activities rather than doing their house work.

They prefer that someone else does the cleaning work for them. North Delhi has a

population of more than 8,83,000 served by twelve laundry shops. Most of these

existing shops wait for customers to bring their garments in and pick them up later.

Customers have to drive cars to town, find parking places, carry their clothes or large

items, such as curtains, blankets, etc. to the shop, and wait to be served. Then they

must repeat this boring process when they come to collect their items. Moreover, these

shops are only open from 10am - 7pm, and close on Sunday, which are almost the

same working hours of colleges and offices which is most inconvenient for customers

especially those students who are also involved in part time jobs.

By understanding and addressing this need, our new, laundry service will be

established, providing door to door service free of delivery charge. We make our

customers' lives simpler by saving them time, and eliminating waiting in queues, parking

problems, forgetting to collect clothes, missing meals, and going home late.


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Threats

If the business is successful, there will be new competitors who supply the same kind of

service.

New technology changes may bring out new family washing machines for.

Existing players who are already there in the market may react by lowering their prices.

20. Porters Analysis


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Bargaining Power of Suppliers

The suppliers would be the detergent and allied products manufacturers from whom we

will be buying products like washing powder, starch, bleach etc. in bulk hence we will be

able to quote a lower price for our business which means the bargaining power of

supplier will be lower as there are other detergent manufacturers in the market.

Bargaining Power of Buyers

E- Cleaners is starting in the laundry business with no prior experience or market share.

Hence getting customers to avail the service will initially be difficult. However, the low

price strategy and aggressive marketing will help reach out to the student population.

Bulk orders and festival orders will also receive discounts and hence we will be able to

secure a strong customer base. Since our prices are already considerably lower than

our competitors the bargaining power of buyers will be low.

Threat of New Entrants

Other players might also see an opportunity to enter the laundry business since it is not

very capital intensive. They might also target the student population and offer a lower

price to capture our market but we will have first mover advantage. However the threat

of new entrants can be mitigated by offering weekend discount of 10% for a month onlot of 15 clothes or more.


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Substitutes

The threat of substitute for a laundry business is clothes being washed at hostel by the

students themselves however there is always a constraints that where will they dry their

clothes after washing. Another substitute are the local dhobhi ( people who wash

clothes) however the local dhobi use low quality detergents and used water for washing

the clothes which spoils the clothes and also risk of clothes being lost by the local dhobi

is more. Also the students are pressed for time with increasing study load hence there

are not many alternative to a low cost world class laundry business like E- Cleaners.

Competitive Rivalry

There are already existing established laundry providers in the North Delhi. Twelve of

them are reputed with strong customer base. Out of the twelve only three offer pick up

and drop facility. However our strategy to enter the market is to target the college

population of North Campus area by offering them convienient laundry service at an

affordable price.

21. Marketing Strategy

PlaceDealing directly with customers, conveniently in the customers' houses in the North

Campus area of New Delhi. A - Cleaners will receive clothes from and return them

to customers' houses. Requests for urgent situation pickups, laundry and deliveries

service will be accommodated, and a nominal fee charged. We will be located in the

North Campus area of New Delhi so as to be within close proximity of our customers.


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Product

Laundry service at price which is affordable to the students accompanied with freehome pickup and delivery service. We will be going to customers' houses between 6

am - 11 pm three times per week. We provide convenience and high quality laundry

service.

Price

Since we are new in the laundry businesses and our target segment is also cost

sensitive we will set the initial prices lower than their competitors. We will set our prices

lower than those of our competitors. The pricing scheme is based on per cloth basis.

Moreover, the business targets students who have burden of studies and are also cost

sensitive so we will offer the quality and convenience of service at a price lower than

other players in the market.

Promotion

Advertise our new service in the college bulletins, famous hangout points, Internet caf,

public areas such as bus stops.

Distribute advertising fliers to the students in colleges, salons etc. and also drop into

families' mailboxes.

Offer 10% discount as an incentive for customers who sign one-year contracts.

Issue coupons with lower price for loyal customers.

Festive discount offers.


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22. Sales Strategy

We will start off by pricing our service lower than our main competitor's prices and we

will be closely monitoring our financials to make sure that we develop a sustainable

business without heavily discounting our services to win customers. All sales inquiries

will be handled by the business owner. We will also train our employees, particularly

those facing the customers, in customer service to make sure that our customers are

fully satisfied, as such customers will not only stay longer with us but will also refer other

Customers to us. We will offer discounts to our customers with frequent large orders

and also provide other incentives for new customer referrals.


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First Year monthly sales forecasts are summarized in the table below.

We have projected an increase in the sales by 20% for second year (2013-14) over thefirst year (2012-13) and 25% for the third year (2014-15) over the second year (2013-

14) as a result of aggressive marketing, spread of positive word of mouth by providing

quality laundry service at an affordable price.

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

Month

1

Month

2

Month

3

Month

4

Month

5

Month

6

Month

7

Month

8

Month

9

Month

10

Month

11

Month

12

Sales

Sales


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24. Management Summary

The owner of the A - Cleaners will be director and accountant, working full time. A

laundry expert will be employed along with 2 helpers and will be in charge of the

operation and the quality of garment cleaning. Moreover a driver for the pick-up and

delivery vehicle along with a helper will be in charge of pick-up and delivery service.

Workers will report the laundry expert who reports to the director.

25. Personnel Plan

Through research plan to get a laundry expert, driver and helper is prepared.

Employment news will be advertised in local newspapers. The laundry expert and two

helpers who have experience in laundry work will be employed.

The laundry expert will make sure that the operation is alright and the quality of garment

cleaning is world class. Workers will bear the responsibity of cleaning and classifying

work and will have a duty to report daily work to the laundry expert. The expert then will

have to report their working results and problems to the director.A driver and a helper for picking up and delivering clothes work from 6 am -11 pm three

times a week.

The staff should be able to carry out working conditions and requirements:

Thoroughly understand and apply and washing processes.

Meet set standards.

Work in hot and humid conditions.

Perform the same work over and over again.

Overtime during peak seasons.


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26. Number of staff and salary

Description Number Salary Per Month (in Rs.)

Laundry Expert 1 8000

Laundry Helper 1 1 5000

Laundry Helper 2 1 5000

Driver 1 6000

Delivery Helper 1 6000


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Equipment Purchase

Buying new machines costs approximately Rs. 1.25 Lacs excluding maintenance

however to keep high the probability of smooth running of business we will be

purchasing new washing and ironing equipments.

2 Washer70 Kg capacity each.

4 Steam Iron

3 Ironing table

Buying a second hand delivery trucks.

Office equipment

Loan

Lending plan has to be completed and submitted to the bank 6 months before starting

the business. Loan for a period of 5 years will be needed two months in advance.

Annual interest of 14% has to be paid on the long-term loans secured with fixed assets.


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28. Break-even Analysis

The break-even point of the business is calculated and shown below. As revenue

becomes more than break-even point, the business starts to earn the profit. As

forecasted, the total demand on and laundry service continues to flourish in the

following years therefore, if the business satisfies its customers, increases its customers

base and retains customer loyalty, the profit will continue to rise.

2014-15

SALES 12.96

VC 4

FC 8.35

CONTRIBUTION 8.96

Break Even 93.19%

Break EvenSales 12.08


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29. Projected Profit and Loss

The table projects our profit and loss statements for the first three years of operation. In

general, the business might meet some difficulties in the beginning two years but after

that the business grows as expected and produces a small profit at the end of the third

year. Since our strategy is to enter the market at a much lower price than the existing

competitors so as to gain a a larger share of the market, so the initial two years of

operation will be at a loss. However from the third year we will be able to generate

positive profits backed by a strong customer base and the trend is likely to continue in

future.

P/L for the year In Rs. Lacs

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Income 8.64 10.37 12.96

Expenses

Raw Material 0.5 0.6 0.75

SPARES 0.3 0.35 0.4

Repair & Maintenanace 0.25 0.25 0.25

Depreciation 0.81 0.7 0.6

Rent & Electricity 4.8 4.8 4.8

Fuel 0.50 0.60 0.70

Direct Labour 3.6 3.6 3.6

Other manufacturing Exp 0.1 0.1 0.1

Cost of Production 10.86 11.00 11.20

Selling adm & dist expenses

0.75 0.6 0.6

Cost of Sales 11.61 11.60 11.80


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Operating Profit before int 2.97 1.23 1.16

Int 0.65 0.62 0.55

Operating profit after interest 3.62 1.85 0.61

Other Income 0.02 0.02 0.02

Other Exp& amortisation 0.00 0.00 0.00

PBT 3.60 1.83 0.63

Tax 0 0 0

PAT 3.60 1.83 0.63

Retained Profit 3.60 1.83 0.63

Monthly Operating Profit

-0.67-0.61

-0.52-0.43

-0.37-0.31

-0.22

-0.13-0.07

0.020.08

0.23

-0.8

-0.7

-0.6-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Operating Profit

Operating Profit


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Yearly Operating Profit

Yearly Profit

2.97

1.23

1.16

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15



3.60

1.83

0.63

4.00

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Net Profit

Net Profit


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30. Projected Balance Sheet

Balance Sheet 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Sources of funds

Equity Capital 1.82 2.82 2.82

Loan

Secured Loan

Term Loan 3.64 2.91 2.18

Cash Creddit 1.00 1.50 1.75

Unsecured loan 0.75 1.00 1.00

Total Loan amount 5.39 5.41 4.93

Profit 3.60 5.43 4.80

Current Liability

Creditors 0.36 0.40 0.44

Loans and advances

Advances from customers 0.30 0.38 0.40

TL INSTALLMENT due in 1 year 0.73 0.73 0.73

Total Curent liability 1.39 1.51 1.57


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Total Liability 5.00 4.31 4.52

Uses of funds

Fixed Assests

Gross Block 5.64 5.64 5.64

Depreciation (@15%) 0.81 1.51 2.11

Net Block 4.83 4.13 3.53

Investment

in fixed deposit 0.00 0.00 0.25

Current Assets

Inventory 0.07 0.08 0.09

Debtors 0.10 0.10 0.10

Others 0.00 0.00 0.17

Cash & Bank 0.00 0.00 0.38

Misc.Exp 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Current Asstes 0.17 0.18 0.74

Total Assets 5.00 4.31 4.52


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Percent of Sales

Sales 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Gross Margin -41.90% -17.84% 4.71%

Selling, General &Administrative

Expenses

8.68% 5.79% 4.63%

Profit Before Interestand Taxes -32.29% -10.90% 9.49%

Main Ratio

Current 0.07 0.06 0.22

Quick 0.04 0.03 0.20

Total Debt to TotalAssets 107.80% 125.52% 109.07%

Pre-tax Return onAssets -72.00% -42.46% 13.94%

Additional Ratios Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Net Profit Margin -41.67% -17.65% 4.86%

Return on Equity -197.80% -64.89% 22.34%


40/41


41/41



2011-

2012

Bibliography

Marketing Management by Philip Kotler

www.economicstimes.com

www.indiatimes.com

www.du.ac.in

www.allindiaforums.com

www.finance.thinkanddone.com
http://www.economicstimes.com/http://www.indiatimes.com/http://www.du.ac.in/http://www.allindiaforums.com/http://www.finance.thinkanddone.com/http://www.finance.thinkanddone.com/http://www.allindiaforums.com/http://www.du.ac.in/http://www.indiatimes.com/http://www.economicstimes.com/

project - laundry business

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