Project Formulation

• Project formulation is the process of documenting the eligible facility, the eligible work and the eligible cost for projects. Formulation allows the consolidation of similar work items into projects to expedite approval and funding and to facilitate project management

• Need for project Formulation :

Selection of appropriate technology

Influence external economies

Resource mobilization

Knowledge about government regulations

Dearth of technically qualified people

Significance of Project Formulation :• Project formulation is the best passport for obtaining the

required assistance from financial institutions • It will also be great assistance for obtaining necessary

government Clearance and in meeting the hurdles of procedure formalities

• It will pinpoint the matters for which government sanctions have obtained

• It will provide an independent assessment of the feasibility of obtaining sanctions based on existing government policies

Stages of Project Formulation :

1. Feasibility Analysis

2. Techno-Economic Analysis3. Project Design and Network Analysis4. Input Analysis5. Financial Analysis6. Cost-Benefit Analysis7. Pre-Investment Analysis

Sequential Stages of Project Formulation Project

Feasibility

Techno- Economic

Design

Net work

Input

Finance

Social

Cost -Benefit

Pre - Investment

Feasibility analysis :• First stage in project formulation • Examination to see whether to go in a detailed investment

proposal or not

• Seeing for internal and external constraints

Techno – Economic Analysis :

• Estimate of potential of the demand for goods /services • Choice of optimal technology • This analysis gives the project a platform for preparation of

detailed project design

Project design and network analysis :• It is the heart of project entity • It defines the sequence of events of the project• It is presented in the form of a network drawing • It helps to identify project inputs , finance needed and

cost benefit profile of the project

Financial analysis :• It involves estimating project costs , operating costs and

fund requirements • It helps in comparing various project proposals on

common scale • Analytical tools used are discounted cash flows . CVP

analysis and ratio analysis • Investment decisions • Financial forecasts

• Cost – Benefit analysis :• The overall worth of a project is considered • The project design forms the basis of

evaluation • It considers costs that all entities have to bear

and benefits connected to it

Project Design

• What do you want to achieve with your project (goals, outcomes)?

• What kind of background information is needed/available to quantify the need (data)?

• How much time is available and needed to achieve these goals (time frame, project implementation phase)?

• What activities have to be undertaken to achieve the goals?

• Which partners/stakeholders are needed or need to be involved?

• What financial resources are necessary?

Project design

Objectives Results Outputs Activities

Project Planning Flow

Implementation Flow

Project Cycle Management

Key activities:

1. Programming

review of socio-economic indicators

review of partners countries and donor priorities

Agreement on sectoral and thematic focus for co-operation through an agreed strategy formulation

2. Identification

initial formulation of project idea

screening for further studies (= pre-feasibility)

3. Appraisal (formulation)

Conduct of feasibility study

Detailed specification of project ideas

Decision on whether to draw up financing proposal

Activities within the project cycle:

1. Financing

Drafting and negotiating a Fin. Prop.

Examination by competent Member States committee

Financing decision and agreement

2. Implementation

Tendering and contract award

Mobilisation and project execution

3. Evaluation

Analysis of project effects and impact

Recommendations on remedial action or guidance for future projects

Name of the leader Name of the Project 1) Sasmita Bhatta Mishra : Seed processing unit 2) Ramachandra Gouda Cashew processing unit 3) Devabrata Maharana Dairy Farm 4) Manashi Acharya Poultry Industry5) Shiv Shankar Choudary Cold storage for Fruits and Veg6) Sudhir Nahak Bio – Disel plant7) Manisha patro Turmeric Processing unit

Project Formulation : Points to be considered :• The type and level of industrial activity• To Match his financial resources with required

amount• Prepare a nice project report

Broad heads of the project report : • General information • Project description • Market potential • Capital costs and sources of finance • Assessment of Working Capital • Other financial aspects • Economic and Social Variables

General information :• Name and address of the entrepreneur• Qualification, Experience and other capabilities of entrepreneur• Reference of industry analysis• Constitution and organization structure of enterprise • Registration details with Directorate of industries / Registrar of Firms• Utility of the products

Project Description:• Location• Raw Material• Skilled Labour• Power• Fuel• Water• Waste disposal• Communication systems

Project description Continued :• Transport• Other common facilities• List of Machinery• Capacity of the Plant• Technology• Manufacturing Process• Balancing of Plant• Quality Control• Research & Development

Market Potential :• Total Demand & Supply• Estimation of Cost & Price • Marketing Strategy• After sales service• Seasonality• Transportation of Goods

Capital costs and Source of Finance :Capital Costs : • Land and Building• Plant & Machinery• Other Miscellaneous Assets• Preliminary expenses• Contingency expenses• Margin on Working Capital

Assessment of Working Capital Requirement :• Planning for working capital requirements

• Working capital requirements

Other Financial aspects :• Projected Profit and loss account • Projected Balance sheet • Projected Cash flow statement • Break even analysis • Profitability ratios • Return on investment • Debt : Equity Ratio• Debt service Coverage ratio

Economic and Social Variables :• Promoting Employment

• Import Substitution

• Development of the area