project done done done final pdf

VIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

Design of the manually

operated lifting device

for Africa GBE project 3rd semester

SPX3

Karina Jaunmuktane 129794

Anamaria Petrea 131886

Lizyer Dela Cruz Mongoso 131159

Tobias Buhl Sorensen 126848

Supervisor: Carsten Mejer Schmidt

Anne Holmen Mouritsen

Jon Svenninggaard

12/17/2010

Design of the manually operated lifting device for Africa

GBE project 3rd semester

Karina Jaunmuktane, Anamaria Petrea, Lizyer Dela Cruz Mongoso, Tobias Buhl Sørensen

Page 1

Index

Introduction 2

Creativity tool No 1 – Brainstorming 3-4

Creativity tool No 2 – Six thinking heat method 4-6

Choice of design

Design No 1 6-7

Design No 2 7-8

Design No 3 8-9

Design No 4 9

Creativity tool No 3 – Score card method 10-11

Materials 11-14

Static calculation of the chosen design 14-20

Components

Hydraulic cylinder 20

Lifting arm 21

J-type hook 21

Stand 21

Hydraulic cylinder handle 21

Wheels 21-23

Handle 23

Safety belt 23-24

Break 24

Price calculations 25

Conclusion 25

References 26

Appendix

Project description 27-36

Log – book of the group 37-43

Group contract 43-45

Pictures and sketches 45-50

Process report 50-56

Division of tasks 56-57




Page 2

Introduction

It is very well know that people built and used a variety of devices meant to lift or

carry heavy objects since ancient times. Only thinking about how the construction of

the Egyptian pyramids was possible we will conclude with the fact that a device such

as a crane was mandatory in order to accomplish something like that. There is no

doubt that the versions of cranes developed since then being improved and

redesigned, yet the principle of a crane will always be the same. Crane is a machine

capable of lifting up and lowering heavy weights and in the same time moving them

horizontally.

One of the major problems in Africa is water resources and location which means

sometimes the locations of water are hard to be reached and too far away from the

villages. People need to walk 3 kilometers every day to bring water to the village.

Moreover, they need to carry this water by themselves, often helped only by the

strength of their bodies, activity which may lead to health problems in the near future.

Our task is to design a manually operated crane which will help to get water from the

hard-to-reach locations in Africa and carry it to villages, but also to help people with

the agriculture, for example move rocks or related items such as grains or fertilizers.

The main keywords for our crane are:

Keyword Explanation

Movable Crane should be able to get to the hard-

to-reach locations and easy to transport

from point A to point B.

Stable The crane should be stable in order to be

operated correctly and to avoid accidents.

Affordable Africa is a less developed country, which

means our crane has to be cheap, so that

many people could take advantage of it.




Page 3

Easy to maintain We want to keep our crane as cheap as

possible and hard maintaining will give

an additional cost to the crane, so we

want to avoid this additional cost

designing a simple crane which doesn`t

require high maintenance.

Simple It does not require any specific

knowledge to use the crane.

On this project we will try to find the best solutions on the design and material for the

crane which consist our criteria/keywords.

Creativity tool No 1 – Brainstorming

Brainstorming A – word association Brainstorming is one of the creative ways of generating ideas. We implemented brain

storming by writing the keyword on a piece of paper and then writing related words that

came into our mind around it.

On this process our group tried to challenge ourselves

with different questions such as:

“What are the aspects that we should consider in building

a lifting device? ”

1.Durable 2.Mobile 3.Easy to use 4.Safe 5.

Easy to maintain 6.Stable 7.Affordable

8.Efficient

After coming up with the words above we took each of

them and developed new ideas concerning them.

1.Durable

2.Mobile

3.Easy to use

4.Safe 5.Easy to maintain

6.Stable

7.Affordable

8.Efficient

Strong

Stable Simple construction

Simplicity Long life Breaks Cheap materials

Quality

Adequate construction details

Light-weight

Confortable

Right calculations

Resistant material

Solid Not expensive equipmen

Durability




Page 4

s t

Reliable materials

Fast Facile system to be handled

Meets ISO Standard

Long living materials

Legs Sales when buying materials

Resistant

Corrosion resistance

Terrain wheels

Wheels Correct choice of material

Hard conditions

Wheels

Special offers

High lifting weight compared to size

Heavy Breaks Handlers/ Hand winch

Test weight

Washable

Frame Low investment

Easy to use

Good structure

Easy to move

Make sure it doesn`t tip

Resistant to dust/mud

Discounts Easy to maintain

Capacity Helping the cargo safe

Creativity tool No 2 – Six thinking hats (Fischer, 2004)

This process is an important technique, used to force people into thinking outside the

box, it also present group thinking more effectively. The process gives a more

cohesive and detailed end results.

Since we are working in a group of four, we had to customize the process on how the

6 thinking hats should work, so that it would fit to our needs. Commonly it is used in

larger group of people wherein each should wear a hat that dictates them on which

way they should think.

In our group, we wore the same hat at the same time as we go through different ideas.

This had been all utilized by the help of a visual aid where we raise one topic at a time

and analyzing it wearing different hat at a time. This gave us the opportunity to have

different output, wearing the same color of the hat then eventually discussing a

choosing the best idea.




Page 5

The green hat has always been the starting point of the process, ending up with the

blue hat where the ideas are all been analyzed and at the closing stage decide if the

idea will work and if we should incorporate it with product. The following subjects

had been discussed.

1. If spring suspension should be integrated with the wheel of the crane?

We found the spring suspension useful for extreme road conditions but it will

be harder to repair and will cost money. It may be a sensible way to do but we

are limited with our knowledge in calculation.

2. If tank system should be introduced for easy moving of the water?

This means finding a supplier to have a specific tank supplier that could

provide a tank with a specific volume to make it easier to transport larger

volume of water. This idea would be an extra cost for the buyer but since it is

readily available in the market, they should include this because it is a great

help to the user.

3. The use of wood as a material?

Wood is cheap, eco-friendly and easy to assemble but it will not be so durable.

4. The use of metal as a material?

Metal is durable and the information that we need is already available for us. It

is the most reasonable material to choose, although more expensive than

wood.




Page 6

5. If we should use a hand winch pulley system for easy elevation after loading

the material?

This kind of lifting system makes it easier to attach things and also much

cheaper to than electric devices. This is a good solution for the load lifting

problem and already available in the market.

6. Is manual hydraulic hand pump good solution of lifting loads?

This system makes it easier to elevate load when transporting the crane and

durable. It is already a device commonly use but if it is customized well in can

be the best solution for our lifting device.

Designs

After our brainstorming we came up with a few solutions on the design of the lifting

device. Main keywords for our lifting device are cheap, easy to maintain, durable,

simply and movable. See designs below.

Design no. 1 (SkyHook, 2010)

We decided to look closer at this design of the crane because our main keywords for

the crane are movable, simple and easy to maintain. This crane is movable lifting

device, which uses hook to lift and lower objects. Moreover, crane is operating with

precision positioning and can rotate 360 degrees, which gives maximum flexibility to

the operator. Crane contains 4 wheels, hook, rope or chain and winch. Wheels make

this crane able to rotate 360 degrees, reach all places and easy to move from point A

to point B. This is an advantage because of the road condition in less developed

countries such as Africa, where road conditions are not so good, and because of the

hard-to-reach locations of the water in Africa. Hook and winch makes lifting of the

objects easier and just few persons needed to attach an object to the hook. However,

to use this crane for transporting water we will need water tank, which will be an




Page 7

additional cost for the crane. That will be a disadvantage because we want to make

our crane as cheap as possible.

Lifting device can be both manual and electronic. Manual is when person is using

winch to lift or lower the hook and electrical - there is a motor in the winch and crane

can lift and lower an object without any human help. However, in this project we will

focus on manual type.

Design no. 2 - Gantry Crane

Gantry or portal crane is an overhead travelling type of crane which lifts objects by

the use of a device that has a lift wheel that allows lifting or lowering of object. It can

be both manually or mechanically operated, supported by a rope or chain attached to a

hook.

A bigger model of this type of crane is typically used for shipping industries where it

allows carrying immense objects such as ship engine, a crane as such could lift up to

840 tons to height 70 meter. (Two famous gantry cranes built in 1974 and 1969

respectively are Samson and Goliath, which reside in the largest dry dock in the world

in Belfast, Northern Ireland.)

A smaller model is usually used on industrial factories where they constantly require

moving of products and materials. It is commonly found with wheels on its base

allowing mobility or having the option of setting it on a rail, mounting it is an option

as well.

Advantages

-it is already widely used in the industry

-it is already known for its quality and stability

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast




Page 8

-it could maneuver on tight and uneven surface

Disadvantages

-if the crane is built in a small scale there can be risk on the stability of the crane

-the bigger versions are usually mounted and static

-most of the models with wheels usually run through a rail

-the wheels are not sufficient for our chosen location

Design no. 3

The crane is designed as a manually handled device placed on 6 wheels, running at

the floor/ground level. It is basically built out of metal for a more reliable and safe

usage.

The beam placed as a bridge is supported by 6 rigid steel legs carried by wheels for a

faster transportation. On the beam there is placed the pulley system design as a hook

meant to carry water tanks or agriculture related items. The pulley system lifts the

weight and then pulls it back down on the ground, where need it, people being in

charge of hanging it on the hook.




Page 9

The actual design is easy to be built and put together as a device, but its main

disadvantage would be its way of moving around. The crane in matter moves only

back and forth, not being able to change direction easily which is going to be a

difficult task to accomplish considering the roads quality in an under developed

country such as Africa.

Another issue would be the resistance of the beam supposed to handle the weight

which looks sensitive and not very stable in case of even an extra light weight is

added. This could lead to the damage of the beam and so of the entire device.

Design No. 4 - Jib crane (dgindustries, 2010) (engineering, 2010 ) (alibaba, 2010), (Ipfonline,

2010), (Tradekey, 2010)

The problem that we are supposed to solve in Africa is moving large objects from one

place to another. The jib crane can be a suitable solution to that problem since it is a

mobile crane and can lift large amounts of weight, it has a simple design, it looks like

the common crane, but the shaft at the end is a movable one, which can go up and

down, and it can in some designs rotate 360 degrees.

Moreover the simplest available model found is the hydraulic folding jib crane - DG

FJC 10 – 20 which has a capacity of 500 to 2000 kg, a maximum height of 2 m and a

minimum one of 0,3 m. it is operated like a pallet lifter, meaning a manually operated

hydraulic lifting device, making it easy to operate and affordable to make. The

hydraulic system also makes it easier to lift heavier objects since it’s the hydraulic

system that is doing the job of lifting and not the person operating it.

If considering improving this model the device can easily fulfill the requirements of

delivering in a radius of 4 m and a height difference of 2,5 m.




Page 10

Creativity tool No 3 – Score card method

Score cards

Our group has chosen 4 main designs for the crane, we discussed them and have tried

to choose the best one but we could not agree on one specific design. So we decided

to use score card method to choose the best one. The main purpose of the score cards

method is to evaluate all the ideas and choose the best one. The process is shown

below:

Criteria Design no.1 Design no.2 Design no.3 Design no.4

1.Movable 4 3 2 5

2.Affordable 3 1 1 4

3.Efficient 3 3 2 3

4.Safe 1 2 2 4

5.Simple 4 1 1 3

6.Stable 1 3 2 2

7.Easy to

maintain

3

0

2

4

Total points 19 13 12 25

Final grade 4,8 3,3 3 6,3

As shown in the picture we set our 4 mains designs and tried to evaluate them by the

keywords, which we agreed on during brainstorming: movable, affordable, efficient,

simple, stable, easy to maintain. Grade scale has been agreed to be 1 – the worst and 5

– the best. Each design got a mark from 1 to 5, we discussed in the group which mark

should we give to the design, after doing that we counted total points for each design

and divided it by the number of members in our group (4) to find out which is the best

one to fulfill our requirements.




Page 11

It came up that design number 4 with the score of 25 and grade 6,3 is the best solution

for us. To continue with our project from now on we will focus on this design.

Materials

Raw materials

When considering the right material to build the crane the properties of the materials

in matter are crucial for the resistance and efficiency of the device. During our idea

phase we brought into debate either using wood or steel to make the designed crane.

In order to pick the most convenient option a research for each material is needed.

Wood (suspenders, 2010 ), (universities, 2010), (google, 2010)

Wood has been used during the years as a natural material for buildings and

structures, tools, furniture, different objects. Due to its characteristics and variety

wood is still one of the most often used material in our days.

The wood is basically composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and minor

amounts of other materials found in a cellular structure. The variation of the

characteristics of these components divide trees into two main classes referred as

softwoods and hardwoods.

Taking into account that “durable”, “stable” and “easy to maintain” are some of our

keywords for the crane the right thing to do is to look into the category of hardwoods.

The most common hardwoods are : red alder, black cherry, American elm, oak,

walnut, ebony. Each and every type of wood has different properties measured as

“strength properties” which include maximum stress, shear strength ,rupture in

bending etc. As an example we took two common types of commercially important

woods:

Species Modulus of

rupture

(kPa)

Modulus of

elasticity(MPa)

Work to

max.

load(kJ/m3)

Impact

bending

(mm)

Side

hardness

(N)

Red alder 45,000 8,100 55 560 2,000

American

elm

50,000

7,700

29

970

-

Despite the fact that hardwoods seem durable and resistant wood has very pretentious

preservation characteristics depending on the specie. Generally speaking the main

disadvantages in our case would be degradation if left untreated ,harmful insects,

heavy weather(sun ,rain). Beside these wood is not capable of handling strong joints

which would lead to a less stable device and structure.




Page 12

Steel (eFunda, 2010), (WhySteel, 2010), (Fischer, 2010), (MadeHow, 2010)

Steel was used as a material for many objects and constructions early in the history,

even though it was more difficult to find and people didn`t have the right knowledge

of the methods of making it. Nowadays the availability of steel increased considerably

and prices are more affordable as before ,so most of the industries choose steel rather

than wood.

Steel is an easily malleable common alloy with iron as main component and a carbon

content of less than 2%. According to the chemical composition standard steels are

classified into three main groups: unalloyed/ carbon steels, alloy steels and stainless

steels.

Because the crane in matter is designed to lift heavy objects ,but not extremely heavy

ones as those cranes used when building large constructions, the most common form

of steel to be used in our case is unalloyed steel.

General properties of steels:

Properties Unalloyed/Carbon

Steels

Alloy Steels Stainless

Steels

Tool Steels

Density (1000 kg/m3) 7.85

7.85 7.75-8.1 7.72-8.0

Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210

190-210 190-210 190-210

Poisson's Ratio 0.27-0.3

0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3

Thermal Expansion

(10-6/K)

11-16.6 9.0-15 9.0-20.7 9.4-15.1

Melting Point (°C) 1371-1454

Thermal Conductivity

(W/m-K)

24.3-65.2 26-48.6 11.2-36.7 19.9-48.3

Specific Heat (J/kg-K) 450-2081

452-1499 420-500

Electrical Resistivity

(10-9W-m)

130-1250 210-1251 75.7-1020

Tensile Strength (MPa) 276-1882

758-1882 515-827 640-2000

Yield Strength (MPa) 186-758

366-1793 207-552 380-440

Percent Elongation (%) 10-32

4-31 12-40 5-25

Hardness (Brinell

3000kg)

86-388 149-627 137-595 210-620




Page 13

Type of Steel Composition

Unalloyed steel

-are steels whose alloying elements do not exceed these limits:

Element Max weight %

C (Carbon) 1.00

Cu (Copper) 0.60

Mn (Manganese) 1.65

P (Phosphorus) 0.40

Si (Silicon) 0.60

S (Sulfur) 0.05

After studying the table above and consulting with one of the supervisors we

concluded that using steel has many advantages such as: strong in both tension and

compression, sustainable ( the most recycled material on the planet) ,easy to handle,

easy to maintain ,resistant to heavy weather and conditions, and also cost effective

and available in large amounts.

Compared to wood steel is a wiser option for the device we want to build mainly

because it delivers a high level of strength ,it is easily shapeable ,it allows machining

processes and it doesn`t destroy the environment as the need of wood does leading to

deforestation.

The type of steel we chose for the crane is S275 steel. S275 steel is structural steel

plate which is a common carbon structural steel with minimum yield strength of

36,000. S275 structural steel plate can be bolted, riveted and welded in a full range of

construction and fabrication.

Unalloyed structural steels

Of course when considering building a crane and depending on the design a wide

variety of materials, not only steel may be used for manufacturing. In the case of a




Page 14

mobile crane strong synthetic rubber is used for the wheels/tires and many structural

components meant to put the device together are made from various metals as

aluminum or bronze and even strong plastics.

Static calculations on the chosen design (J.L. Meriam, 2010), (Frisher, 2010)

Free body diagram.

When calculating on the top beam, we choose the worst possible placement of the

beam when calculating the moment on the beam.

The worst possible placement/situation of the beam is when the load is hanging

vertically from the beam,

The hydrolic cyclinder in this situation is placed on the beam at an angle of 45

degrees.

2 m2 m

Cy

Bx

By

Ax

Ay

y

x

CBA




Page 15

2 2 2

1

2 2

2,83

2,83 2

sin(90)

0,71

sin (0,71) 45

a

a m

B

B

The three main equations that we are using to calculate the moment and the different

forces (Ay, Ax, By, Bx and Cy)

2 4A

Fx Ax Bx

Fy Ay By Cy

M By m Cy m

Since we have three unknowns we are starting with the moment equation because in

this equation we only have one unknown.

0

2 2500 4

2 2500 4 0

5000

A

A

M

M By m N m

By m N m

By N

Then we put in the By value into the force equation in the y direction, because then

we can find the value for the Ay.




Page 16

0

5000 2500

5000 2500 0

2500

Fy

Fy Ay N N

Ay N N

Ay N

After this we look at the forces in the x direction. First we need to figure out what Bx

is by doing a little calculations on the Bx, By triangle.

We know that the angles are the same as the ones we calculated before. So the

measurements should be same, meaning that the force in the x direction should be the

same as the force in the y direction meaning it should be 5000N but let us just

calculate it for good measurements.

2 2 2

5000

sin(45) sin(90)

7071.07

5000 7071.07

5000

N a

a N

N b N

b N

And now we can calculate the forces in the x direction.




Page 17

0

5000

5000 0

5000

Fx

Fx Ax N

Ax N

Ax N

Now we do a moment curve to see where on the beam we have the biggest moment.

The way we do that is to take out samples of the arm and check what the moment is in

this particular spot on the beam.

Moment in 0 m from point A

2500 0

0

Ma N m

Ma Nm

Moment in 0,5m from point A

2500 0,5

1250

Ma N m

Ma Nm

Moment in 1m from point A

2500 1

2500

Ma N m

Ma Nm


2500 2

5000

Ma N m

Ma Nm

Moment in 2,5m from point A

2500 2,5 5000 0,5

3750

Ma N m N m

Ma Nm




Page 18


2500 3 5000 1

2500

Ma N m N m

Ma Nm


2500 4 5000 2

0

Ma N m N m

Ma Nm

Now we plot in my information in a diagram to show how the moment evolves

throughout the beam.

Shear Diagram:




Page 19

Moment diagram:

Calculations on the material

We chose a steel identification of S275 because we found a place where we could buy

it in the regtangular form we want. Now we need to find the dimensions for the

regtangular tube. For this we use this equation.

5000275

18,18

M

W

Nm

W

W

This means that W value has to be at least 18,18. And then we looked it up in the

mechanical and metal trades handbook to see what dimensions we should have to

follow the requirements of W.

And in the handbook it says that we need dimensions of at least 80mm x 40mm for

the beam.




Page 20

We are not going in to calculations of other situations of the beam because the

situation we choose is the one where there is a maximum of moment on the beam. We

are not going to calculate on the foot of the crane because, we choose only to focus on

the main lifting beam.

Components of the crane

Hydraulic cylinder (Stores, 2010)

A hydraulic cylinder is a sealed cylinder that is filled with a liquid, usually oil which

produces linear motion and force by using the pressurized hydraulic fluid. Devices

depending on hydraulic cylinders are able to lift with a very high force with a

relatively small supply of highly pressurized fluid. Cranes using a hydraulic cylinder

are well known as being safe and reliable.

One of the most convenient type of hydraulic cylinder found is this Welded Hydraulic

Cylinder provided by Dalton Hydraulic cylinders on a purchase price of

approximately $160 (890 DKK) .

Characteristics:

Welded Hydraulic Cylinder - Tube Ends - 2" Bore X 10" Stroke

2 X 10 3000PSI Welded Cross-Tube Hydraulic Cylinder

Double-Acting

Superior Quality Chrome Plated & Polished Rod

Honed & Finished Steel Tube

Top NPT Ports Standard

SKU DBH-2010-WT

Bore : 2’’ Stroke : 10’’ Rod Dia : 1.25’’ Retract : 18’’ Ports : 3/8 NPTF Pin Dia: 1’’




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Lifting ……arm

The lifting arm is fitted to the stand and used for lifting the objects hang on the j-type

hook. It will be basically build out of two beams of steel, each of them having

different lengths. Helped by the hydraulic cylinder which basically does all the work

of the system the lifting arm is pushed back and forth in order to lift the weight.

Characteristics:

Lower part : 2m

Upper part: 6m

J-TYPE HOOK WITH A GRAVITY SAFETY LATCH (system, 2010),

(Wikipedia, 2010)

The lifting hook is a very important part of the crane, on the earlier

manufactured and design crane, the hook is kept as a simple J type

design that is enough to attach a load for lifting. The idea of adding a

latch to the hook is primarily for safety reasons, ensuring that no

accidents will occur during the operation. This latch is manually

operated, the idea is for the latch to close by gravity and therefore it

does not require a spring to keep it intact or any other component to

keep locked during procedure.

STAND

This part is the actual part is the base of the entire system that holds the entire crane.

The base is rectangular 1x4 meter base made out of steel.

Hydraulic cylinder handle/Pumps (StorePumps, 2010)

The pumps are attached to the cylinder and they can be purchased directly from the

supplier of the hydraulic cylinder at an average price of $115 (640 DKK).

Characteristics: 2-Stage Logsplitter Pump Hydraulic 2-Stage Pump - 7 GPM

Wheels (Anon., 2010)

Our group has chosen to use 4 solid wheels, which will be placed under the crane. That will

make our crane is easy to move and it will be able to carry the mass of the crane and water.




Page 22

Moreover, we decided that 2 wheels in the back of the crane are movable and 2 wheels in

front of the crane are not, by movable we mean that 2 wheels in the back are able to rotate

360 degrees. As it is shown in the pictures below

This will make easier for the user to move the crane from side to side and reach all

locations needed.

Material of the wheel is strong synthetic rubber to ensure that

the wheel is secure of the damages from the low quality roads,

the diameter is 260 mm and the width is 85 mm. Each wheel

can carry 200 kg, which means all wheels together can carry




Page 23

up to 8000 kg, thereby wheels can sustain mass of the crane and mass of the load.

Wheels contains roller bearing bore are suitable to for all surfaces such as grass and

earth.

We can buy these wheels from DURATOOL and the price of one wheel is £28.43,

which makes the price of the 4 wheels £113,72 (968 DKK).

Wheels will be located underneath the crane and will be fastened as it is shown in the

picture below.

Handle (Reidsupply, 2010)

The handle works in close relationship with the hydraulic

cylinder and lifting arm, so when pressed the lifting arm pushed

by the hydraulic cylinder starts lifting the tank/weight.

The handle is supposed to be attached to a round solid pipe of

steel in order to have an accessible length. Its price is

approximately $45 (250 DKK) from Reid Supply Company.

Characteristics:

19 1/4" Lg., Malleable Machine Handle - Offset

SAFETY STRAPS

The safety straps as the name explains itself is one of the important elements

incorporated in the design. The belt will be made of polyester instead of using a

common chain securing device; this will guarantee a longer life span. The safety belt

will be an extending and retracting straps, the same principle as the safety strap we




Page 24

find on cars; the difference will be that this strap will have a single locking

mechanism at the retractable belt goes both ways and has hook to secure the object

around it but hook is going to be a customized with a lock. The strap itself will be

long enough to secure a tank and other material that will be loaded on the crane.

Break

We decided that we want to make our brake system as easy and cheap as possible.

That is why we have decided to use braking system similar to a stroller braking

system.

In the position 1 crane is moving and the brake is in the same high as stand. Brake is

not disturbing the movement of the crane.

In the position 2 user start to press the brake by feet, so the brake starts to move

upwards closer to the wheel.

In the position 3 crane is completely stopped, the brake is on the wheel which makes

sure that the crane will not move.

Material which can be used for the brake is should be steel to make sure that the brake

will stop the crane.




Page 25

Price calculations

Component Units Price DKK

Hydraulic cylinder 1 890

Lifting arm, Stand, Brake 15 meters 700

J-type hook 1 50

Hydraulic cylinder handle 1 640

Wheels 4 968

Handle 1 200

Safety belt 1 400

TOTAL 3848

Since lifting arm, stand and brake are made from steel we will order 15 meters of the steel

and it will cost us 700 DKK.

All the prices mentioned above had been found in the internet. All the components will be

purchased directly from the supplier through the internet. However, it is not the final price

of the crane; we will need to consider that there will be a labor price, which means that the

final price of the crane will be higher.

Conclusion We were demanded to make a proper report on how to build and construct a crane that

could solve the present problems in Africa. We tried to construct a crane to best of my

knowledge, before we started on the specific technical parts and calculations on the

crane, we went through a brainstorming and idea process to get the best possible

design for the crane. We came up with 4 different designs that we thought would be

good to research a little bit. We decided on one specific type of crane which would

meet the requirements demanded by the problems that should be solved, and also

meets the requirements of the dimensions that was required of us by the project

description. The model we choose was a jib crane model, with a movable top arm, and

a hand operated hydraulic pump, so that you are able to operate the crane without

much trouble. We decided on some requirements on how much the crane should be

able to lift and carry, and then we did some calculations on what should then be

required of the materials used on the crane. We also calculated on how much pressure

the lifting beam would be under, during the worst possible scenario. We did a little

budget on the crane, we did it to the best of our abilities, and to the prices on material

found online.




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References http://www.dgindustries.in/hyd_folding_jib_crane.htm#

http://www.scraneengineering.com/jib-cranes.html

http://www.alibaba.com/product-free/107037825/Mobile_Floor_Jib_Crane_with_Extended.html

http://www.redsuspenderstf.com/woodtypes.html

http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/wood/types.html

http://www.google.dk/search?q=the+wood+handbook&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-

8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:ro:official&client=firefox-a

http://www.efunda.com/materials/alloys/alloy_steels/alloy.cfm

http://www.whysteel.org/whysteel/advantages.php

“Mechanical metal trades book”

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Crane.html

http://stores.daltonhydraulic.com/-strse-728/1.5X6-Welded-Clevis-Prince/Detail.bok

http://stores.daltonhydraulic.com/-strse-Hydraulic-Pumps-cln-2-dsh-Stage-Pumps/Categories.bok

http://www.reidsupply.com/GrpResults.aspx?pid=10022703&aitm=OH-6&apid=10022703

http://www.ipfonline.com/products/index/jib_crane_14

http://www.ipfonline.com/products/showproducts/material_handling_equipment_accessories

http://www.ipfonline.com/products/index/hydraulic_folding_jib_crane_1


http://www.tradekey.com/ks-hydraulic-jib-crane/

http://www.engineeredlifting.com/safety-latches-hooks.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt

“Developing multimedia: a holistic approach. 2nd ed” Fischer, M.O.&.L.H

http://www.skyhookmfr.com/model8557.html

http://uk.farnell.com/duratool/82-4602/wheel-pneumatic-260mm/dp/7048282

“Engineering Mechanics Statics 6th

edition” J.L. Meriam, L.G. Kraige

http://www.dgindustries.in/hyd_folding_jib_crane.htm

http://www.scraneengineering.com/jib-cranes.html

http://www.alibaba.com/product-free/107037825/Mobile_Floor_Jib_Crane_with_Extended.html

http://www.redsuspenderstf.com/woodtypes.html

http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/wood/types.html

http://www.google.dk/search?q=the+wood+handbook&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:ro:official&client=firefox-a

http://www.google.dk/search?q=the+wood+handbook&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:ro:official&client=firefox-a

http://www.efunda.com/materials/alloys/alloy_steels/alloy.cfm

http://www.whysteel.org/whysteel/advantages.php


http://stores.daltonhydraulic.com/-strse-728/1.5X6-Welded-Clevis-Prince/Detail.bok

http://stores.daltonhydraulic.com/-strse-Hydraulic-Pumps-cln-2-dsh-Stage-Pumps/Categories.bok

http://www.reidsupply.com/GrpResults.aspx?pid=10022703&aitm=OH-6&apid=10022703

http://www.ipfonline.com/products/index/jib_crane_14

http://www.ipfonline.com/products/showproducts/material_handling_equipment_accessories

http://www.ipfonline.com/products/index/hydraulic_folding_jib_crane_1


http://www.tradekey.com/ks-hydraulic-jib-crane/

http://www.engineeredlifting.com/safety-latches-hooks.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt

http://www.skyhookmfr.com/model8557.html

http://uk.farnell.com/duratool/82-4602/wheel-pneumatic-260mm/dp/7048282




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VIA University College

Project description: Design of manually operated crane for Africa Group 4




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Table of content

Background description………………………………………………………..29

Specification of purpose……………………………………………………….29

Problem formulation…………………………………………………………..30

Delimitations…………………………………………………………………..31

Choice of model and methods………………………………………………....31-34

Time schedule………………………………………………………………….35

Sources, references and literature……………………………………………...36




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1. Background description

Water has always been important to our daily life. Our body approximately composed

70% of water. There is a water crisis on the under develop countries throughout Asia,

Africa and as well as some parts of Latin America. But the problem is seen much

worst in Africa. Not only that African people are having a scarcity of water but also

the water that they have is mostly contaminated. Waterborne diseases have cost

millions of lives due to lack of proper drinking water. Currently there is a good

amount of non-profit organization who is trying to help these under develop areas in

Africa but the problems still lies to the fact that people are still having problems on

transporting water from one point to another. In Malawian for instance, sixty-three

percent of the people have to walk at least a mile just to access safe water to their

homes.

2. Specifications of purpose

The task of the group is to develop a manual operated crane for Africa, helping them

to move water tanks and also to help them utilize agricultural related task. The main

objective is make it easier for people to access safe water to their homes, basically

having a main area on each of their village, on where they could fetch water easily not

walking miles from home. The idea is to have this crane help them move a larger

volume of water transported to the main supply to an area near within their village.

We are proposing three different designs of lifting device aiming to have the best

possible solutions that will be most suitable for the needs of the people. The crane will

be designed to be capable of carrying and transporting different objects and materials

that maybe related with their everyday life for example agricultural related work and

as well as in small infrastructure building process.




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3. Problem formulation

The problem formulation consists in taking a first carefully and critically look at the

project idea, carefully weighting and analyzing its various components. It is an

important stage in the pre-development of the actual project and in order to conquer

the complexity of the project the first thing to do is a well-structured problem

formulation, so an hierarchical system of essential questions meant to be answered by

the end of the project. The main purpose is for generating new distinction meant to

improve the quality of the actual project. There are different types of problem

formulations such as ``what´´-descriptive, ´´why´´-explanatory and ´´how´´-

normative. Answering the questions implemented in the problem formulation and

gathering more information further on is basically the way of coming up with the right

solution.

Considering that the task of the project in matter is to design a manually operated

crane for a less developed country such as Africa, the main focus is on the

technological aspect and also on the expenses associated to the device.

Technical aspects

The technological environment is related to technology, machineries, product details,

equipment used, materials, justification of the chosen product.

The main questions to be answered by the end of the overall project would be the

following:

Which model is the most appropriate in order to accomplish the demanded criteria?

What materials, machineries and equipment are to be used to build the device?

How will the calculations look like in order for the model to fulfill the mentioned

constraints?

How does the chosen crane differentiate itself from the others taken in consideration?

Which are the properties, benefits and efficiency of the device?




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Is it a safe and easy to be operated device?

Which is the most affordable price of such a device in order to keep it on a low

average?

Which are the cheapest, yet reliable materials to be used when building the product?

4. Delimitation

In this project we are not going to work with marketing the crane, first of all because

this is already mentioned in the assignment and secondly because we assume that the

product has a charitable purpose ,so people in need won`t have to purchase it. This

means that the project won`t get into sales either , its main focus being about the

pricing of the crane and the construction part of it, how much weight it can lift, how

it is transported from A to B.

We are only going to look at manually and hand operated cranes, so describing

electric and hydraulic cranes will not fulfill the purpose of what we are looking for.

The reason for this is because we want it to be as cheap and transportable as possible

and easily fixable. Because we are looking at Africa, an underdeveloped area, electric

cranes are not an option because there is limited accessibility for electricity. We are

also not looking in to the construction of larger cranes, the crane we want is supposed

to be able to be operated by one or two persons. This means that larger cranes with

higher lifting capacity are not an option for the project.

5. Models and method

Because we don’t know a lot about the project subject, we have to gather a lot of

information on the subject like how does a hand operated crane work, what should it

functionality be e.g which problems are the crane supposed to solve.

The overall method for solving our problem formulation and all the above mentioned

problems is to begin with a spread information search and then later on narrow it




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down to more specific information, ending up with a conclusion and the answers for

our problems for this there are two main methods the deductive method and the

inductive method each used for different purposed.

Brainstorming methods:

In this project we are also supposed to do some brainstorming on innovative design

for the crane. The brainstorming method is coming up with new ideas for the project,

it is basically about generating a lot ideas and the deducing the number of ideas so

only the big useful ones are left, first all of the members come up with a lot of ideas,

and present their different idea to the rest of the group, then a discussion about the

different idea take place so only the best idea are left, and then you work on the ideas

to come up with solutions to the ideas. But to have a good brainstorming process,

there has to be several brainstorms to get the best possible ideas one brainstorm is not

enough to deduce the best idea from people. Out of the different ideas comes also the

uptaining knowledge. From the ideas, retrieving and searching for knowledge, this is

done by the methods explained below. The model below shows the brainstorm

method in model form, going from non-knowledge to concept and relationship to

knowledge




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Inductive method:

The inductive method is based on statistics. And inductive way to get information is

through asking questions to a part of the Danish people and from that make a

conclusion for the rest of the people. In our project we are able to use the inductive

method in the Marketing strategic for our solar panel through surveys between

different architects on what needs to be done before they are more willing to use solar

panels on houses and from more statements make a conclusion from this.

Deductive method:

The deductive method is based on logic and is what all mathematics are based on. The

deductive way to get information is to take two statements which are considered true

and because these statements are true another statement must be true. Is this best show

with an example: “all fish have fins” and “sharks have fins” thereby “sharks are fish”

must be true. This is a very simplified way to show the deductive method and when

talking about more complex subjects more statements have to work with each other.

The deductive method is used in our project through all the mathematics and most of

the facts we are going to find for the technology part of our project.

Models:

To show our way to research we have taken the liberty of reinterpret one of the given

models.

The first target disc shows a project with a strong but irrelevant or wrong conclusion

this can occur for the following reasons. When making a project we need to adjust our

problem formulation when we are finding new information because when we are




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getting more knowledge some of our problems may all of sudden become unnecessary

or irrelevant. This can also be caused if the information search have been to narrow

and we never found out what was unnecessary for this project. The second disc shows

a project with a lot basic knowledge but a very weak conclusion this can occur if to

much information have been gathered and the project writer wasn’t able to make all

this information end up in a conclusion. The third show a project with a strong

conclusion precise and with strong arguments. But to get to the third target disc we

have to get through target disc two if the process in target disc two is not done we

might as well wend up in target disc one instead of target disc three. So when making

a project we need to start with a wide aim getting knowledge finding out what is

relevant and what is not then narrow it down to a strong conclusion with strong

arguments.

The three idea generation tools we chose as a group are as follow:

1. Regular brainstorming – Brainstorming A ( 7/12/10 - 8/12/10 )

2. ”Six thinking hats” (9/12/10 – 10/12/10)

3. Selecting ideas – scorecard (13/12/10)

The mentioned tools will be described further on during the idea phase.




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6. Time schedule

Days/Tasks 6.12 7.12 8.12 9.12 10.12 13.12 14.12 15.12 16.12 17.12

Brainstorming

Group

contract

Project

description

Idea phase

Design 1

Design 2

Design 3

Decisions of

the final

design

Calculations

Isometric

drawings

Price

calculations

Process

report

Hand-in




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7. Sources, references and literature

Our group has not yet decided on the final sources that will be used during the

process. However, mainly we will focus on these resources:

Internet

Wikipedia

Books – like “Mechanical and Metal Trades Handbook”, “Engineering

Mechanics Statics” by J.L. Meriam and L.G. Kraige etc.

Library

Internet – In the internet basically is possible to find all information. That is why we

have chosen internet as a very important information source.

Wikipedia – Wikipedia can be as a good starting point, but not as a main source,

because all articles in the Wikipedia are not written by the experts. We can not use

focus only on the information from there. However, we decided to use Wikipedia, to

get an inspirations and some basic information of the lifting devices and Africa’s

problems.

Books – In the books we can find all formulas what we need for the calculations.

Books may help us to choose the best material for the lifting device and understand

how does the lifting device works, and what is the best and easiest way to build it.

Library – In the library we can find a big amount of information related to our project

and ask for a help to find books which we need for our project.

However, some changes in the sources and literature can be done during the working

process.




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Log – book of the group

Monday December 6th 9:00 am 9:30 - 11:00 11:00 –11:20 11:20 – 11:50 11:50 – 15:00

Schedule and dead lines are being presented Together we discussed and set our goals, rules and points of view as a team which were stated into the group`s contract. The members discussed each point to be included in the project description and we divided the work among us. Lunch break After changing the classroom we started writing in the DSR office. When we finished each of us presented their part making it a subject of discussion. In this way every member had a contribution helping to improve the first draft.Finally the entire project description has been put together and dropped into our Dropbox.




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Tuesday December 7th 9:00 – 10:30 10:30 10:30 – 11:30 11:30 – 12:00 12:00 – 13:30 13:30 – 14:00

We talked about some concerns we had and Tobias went to Carsten to clarify the confusion. Hand in project description Lizye brought hot chocolate We discussed how we`ll manage to keep working on the project while waiting for our project description feedback. The conclusion was to start brainstorming. Karina brought cake Lunch break Brainstoming was fun taking into consideration you don`t have to think too much while doing it,just to come with whatever pops out from your mind. We took photos of the entire process. While brainstorming some ideas of how the crane could look came into our minds,so we decided that each of us will have to sketch his own crane design idea. In this way tomorrow we can re-open the brainstoming stage with every model we`ll have.




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Date & Time Activity Wednesday December 8th 9:00 – 11:00 11:00 – 11:50 11:50 – 13:30 13:30 – 14:20

Brainstorming – Six thinking hats model Together we thought at different ideas, facts ,advantages /disadvantages regarding the subject in matter ,so we ended up with some really good ideas to develop further on. Lunch break Idea process + brainstorming We set 4 different design models to describe and analyze, so we could finally chose the final one. We discussed our activity for the next upcoming days, setting an outline for the project. The decision was to finish sketches ,describing the models and when we`ll meet again to see which is the final model we have to work with. We set a meeting with Carsten on Monday(13/12/10) in order to be sure we`re on the right track with the project.

Date & Time Activity Thursday December 9th 9:00 18:00-19:00

Our group cancelled the meeting due to some issues, but each of us will work home on the pre-established tasks and we will have an online conversation on Skype in the evening. The purpose of it is to make sure everybody did his „homework”, so that our meeting on Friday won`t get stuck. We received our project description feedback from Jon. We discussed what we missed and what we had to correct in our project description,so for Friday each of us has to improve his parts ,so we can put together the right one.




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Date & Time Activity Friday December 10th 9:00 – 11:50 11:50 – 12:50 12:50 – 14:00

We`ve been through our project description once again and for the last time,managing to correct it as our supervisors advised us. We made some research on different types of possible materials to be used on the crane and we had a short brainstorming regarding each of them in order to choose the best ones. Lunch break We discussed the main points of the 4 crane models and all of us agreed on specifically one to work with and to be improved. Of course a scorecard has to be done and we chose to do it on Monday while during the weekend we`ll still keep on finding information and facts.




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Date & Time Activity Monday December 13th 9:00 – 11:30 11:30 – 12:00 12:00 – 14:45

We made a scorecard to explain our choice of the model. We decided on how the work is going to be divided from now on, each of us having a task to fulfill such as calculations ,description on materials & equipment ,research on prices & investment etc. Lunch break Each of us started researching and writing on the task given. Questions and confusions were solved inside the team,just major difficulties were put as questions on the paper for supervisors to clearify them.

Date & Time Activity Tuesday December 14th 9:00 – 11:30 11:30 – 12:20 12:20 – 14:00

Anamaria brought muffins because being so late on Monday. We kept on writing and searching information, discussing some issues. We set a meeting with Jon because we had some troubles with calculations. Lunch break-Mc Donalds We continued writing ,calculating and writing ,thing we had to do as home as well in case some new inspiration would strike us.




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Date & Time Activity Wednesday December 15th 9:00 – 11:15 11:15 – 12:00 12:00 – 16:00

We had a short break from writing and we tried to present what each of us did,just to check if we are on the right track. After discussing and sharing opinions we continued writing on our parts ,realising we begin to finish it. Lunch break We tried to put everything together to see how it would look as a project. Some minor changes had to be done and errors to correct , but all in all it looked as a pretty good 1st draft. We scanned our sketches. We decided that each of us should check it once again individually as a „homework” ,so on Thursday we`d put everything in order and go through the final draft together.

Date & Time Activity Thursday December 16th 9:00 – 11:00 11:00 – 11:30 11:30 – 19:00 19:00

We followed our plan from yesterday and got the final draft of our project. After checking it for the last time we fulfilled the requirements towards the project (text style ,layout,table of contents etc). Lunch break We went printing it – double hard copy and then we went to the book store to buy covers and all we needed for it. Our project was printed and DONE.




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Date & Time Activity Friday December 17th 11:00 -12:00

We met to go hand in the project as the group we are . We had lunch together and decided to celebrate later on at the bar.

Group contract

1. THE GROUP

1.1 GROUP MEMBERS

Lizyer Dela Cruz Mongoso Filipino [email protected] 60182679

Anamaria Petrea Romanian [email protected] 50304349

Karina Jaunmuktane Latvian [email protected] 52653561

Tobias Choon Buhl Sørensen Danish [email protected] 60155503

1.2 VALUES OF OUR GROUP:

We as a group find the following statements of value to us and will follow these values when

working together.

Multi-cultural- each group comes from different cultural background

Goal-oriented- has the same aim of creating a good project

Open-minded- each one of the members are open to new ideas

Innovative- thinking outside the box

1.3 HOW WE WILL WORK TOGETHER IN THE GROUP

The group will meet from 9:00 to 15:00 every school day, meeting point at B301 at 9,

possibility of moving into some suitable area if the classroom is full. The group will be

using dropbox as the platform for all the documents each and every group member is

working on. Skype will also be use as a line of communication during the project

period.

How we will organize the project:

RESPONSIBLE TASK DEADLINE

Lizyer

Anamaria

Karina

Tobias




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How will we make decisions:

Brain Storming

Voting

Careful evaluation of the problem

Negotiating

How we will solve conflicts:

Communication

Compromissing

Calm and professional manner

1.4 Rules

a. If a group member is late, coffee and cake is mandatory.

b. Failure to show up on the meeting should be announced atleast the night before or

early in the morning the latest.

2. THE PROJECT-Pre problem formulation

2.1 Scope Statement

In broad terms set the boundaries of the project, major activities, preliminary

milestones.

Project report

We want to focus on the quality of the written and not the quantity. The goal is to

evenly distribute the task and that everyone has the knowledge of the full project.

Time management

To be able to finish the project on time and have an effective use of the time allotted

to the project work period.

2.2 Subject of the project

The group’s task is to develop a manual operated crane for Africa helping them to

move water tanks and also to help them utilize agricultural related task.

2.3 Overall question

The overall question that will be answered when the project is finished.

How efficient the end product for the target users?

2.4 Subquestions

Subquestions,derived from the overall question




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Is the product functional and user friendly (operation and maintenance wise)?

How affordable the product will be for the end user?

Pictures and sketches

Pictures of the brainstorming, six thinking hats and score card method

Brainstorming




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Six Thinking Hats

Green Hat White Hat




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Black Hat Red Hat

Yellow Hat Blue Hat

Score card method




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Desing No 3




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Chosen design of the crane.




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1. Hydrolic cylinder

2. Lifting arm

3. J-type hook

4. Stand

5. Pump

6. Wheels

7. Handle

8. Safetu stramp

9. Brake

Process report

Karina Jaunmuktane

I was in the group with 3 more classmates – Anamaria, Lizyer and Tobias. In the

beginning we were a little bit confused about the project and we were asking a lot of

question to ourselves, like, how to start, what material should we use, how the crane

should look like etc. We decided to start with the project description and

brainstorming and it helped us to come up with some ideas of the design, material and

the main purpose of the crane.




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Making a project description helped us to understand the problem and main tasks of

the project. After project description has been done we knew what we should focus

on. Personally I think that the difficult part of the project description is to make a time

schedule, because it is always difficult to plan your time 2 weeks ahead, as well as

sources, literature and references, because in the beginning of the project you do not

know where exactly you will search for the information. Problem formulation is time

consuming process and requires brainstorming but when it is done you know what

aspects you should focus on.

We made a group contract where we stated main rules of the group, for example,

when we will meet, what is the punishment if some of us is late, how we will agree on

the specific things, for example, what cylinder, braking system, wheels, hook should

we use. In my opinion it is good to make a group contract, to set up rules, because

then members of the group try to follow this rules and work in the group is more

organized. For my next group contract I would like to include point about what is a

punishment for those who have not delivered their parts to the group on time.

While working in the group I have learned that you need to respect and listen to ideas

of the other group members. I think that this year it was easy to work with my group,

we did not have any communication problems, we were discussing all the problems if

we had them and it was easier to find the right solution. I have enjoyed working with

this group.

I think our best motivation was that we all wanted to finish this project and go to our

families for the Christmas. Of course we wanted to make our project really good that

is why we decided not to rush, but plan our time and do everything on time. In my

opinion tools, which we learned during the innovation week, helped us a lot. We

knew what we should do if we have few ideas but we need to choose the best one, or

how to start to work on the project.

Lizyer Dela Cruz Mongoso

Project organized studies and problem-based learning

• What do you think are the advantages of working in groups and problem-based, - why?

The main advantage of problem-based learning is the process of preparing us in the real

working environment. This gives us the best training and preparation. In every company we

end up working for, we are going to deal with different task wherein we have work on

projects together and cooperate with co-workers.

• What do you think are the disadvantages of working in groups and problem-based, and why? One of disadvantage that may occur especially if it is a school project is the possibility of one or few of the group members not working properly or handing in their designated task. It




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could also be less professional unlike what it is in a real working environment. In some cases, some students take their education less seriously than others which make it hard to create good group cooperation. • What are the pros and cons of creating a project description?

The positive aspect on making a project description is having a general outline of what the

group has to work with. It gives the chance of having an overview of what should be and not

be included on the project. It also gives an overall impression of how the topics should be

tackled within the group.

The negative aspect about creating a project description is the risk of not actually having the

end result according to what was written on the project, this is due to the fact that most of

the time there will be alteration during the research, calculation and writing process.

Project methodology

• What did you want to achieve?

We want to be able to deliver an excellent report that meets the project requirements.

• How did you form the group?

Our group was form by choosing our own group mates ourselves.

The teamwork in the group:

• What is the content of the group contract and how did the group live up to this

content?

The group contract outlines each of the group members’ responsibility and we set our own

goals and I would say that the groups work on the acceptable level of expectation.

• How did you in your utilize the multicultural group and what were the biggest

challenges?

I had the advantage of working on a multicultural group on my previous education, so it is

not a big challenge for me.

The project result:

• In what way are you satisfied with the project result?

I am satisfied on how the group work went smoothly and there are no actual arguments and

misunderstanding. The group was good on creating dialogue when discussing details about

the project.




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The supervisor :

• When did you use your supervisor and for what?

We used the supervisor mainly for technical questions regarding the project.

Planning and execution:

• How successful was your planning?

Time wise I would say that we were able to execute the planning well.

• What kind of project planning tools and methods did you use?

The tools we learned from the innovation week are what I mainly implemented on this

project.

Anamaria Petrea

My group for this semester SPX3 project was formed by Jon of four people including myself.

I had to work with Lizye, Karina and Tobias as Group 4 in order to accomplish the task of

designing a manually operated crane for Africa.

Working as a team is always a better idea than individually mostly because we can share

ideas and find solutions more easy. Each of us has different backgrounds and competences

which during this project gave us a wide variety of options and knowledge to be helpful not

only during these 2 weeks of work ,but also in our daily lives. Another advantage regarding

team work is the possibility of getting to know each other better, mostly considering that all

of us have been together in the same class only starting this year. This is a real good way of

starting real friendships on the long run.

Of course team work wasn`t so great every time , because we all are different in our ways

and sometimes we found harder to work together ,but happily we still managed to

compromise and do a pretty good job together.

We started with our contract which was basically respected with some delays from time to

time and one meeting cancelled, but as long as we managed to finish it in time I think the

contract was fully respected. We continued with our project description which was a main

part of the overall project if we really wanted to have a well-structured project. We only

worked together on it because otherwise we would have been confused on the tasks.

Our main motivation was to deliver a good project and to learn out of it and even to make all

the things learned during the whole semester clearer, but also to have it done on time so we

could enjoy our Christmas break.

A real challenge were all the calculations we had to have in our report which was difficult

taking into consideration that it was the first time when we were put in front of such a

practical experience. But I guess this was one the purpose of the project itself.




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Personally I can say that this semester I enjoyed more working as a team member, probably

because I got used from last year and also because of the Innovation week we had which by

the way my team won! It seems that the team work helps me more than doing things on

my own because it is a more active way of working and interacting with people and their

ideas and visions, breaking boundaries and thinking outside the box.

Tobias Buhl Sørensen

Project organized studies and problembased learning

• What do you think are the advantages of working in groups and problembased, -

why?

I think the advantages are that you can pull on each other, and you can get

ideas from and help from the other group members

• What do you think are the disadvantages of working in groups and

problembased, -

why?

I think that some of the disadvantages are that decisions take longer, because

you can’t just do it your way, there has to be a consensus in the group before

decisions are made

• What are the pros and cons of creating a problem formulation?

the pros are that you then have a guideline of what needs to be done and

then you always knows what the problem you are working with is.

• What are the pros and cons of creating a project description?

The cons are that if you then get new and innovative ideas, then you cannot

always do them because you have to stay on the subject which means that if

you get a really good idea, that isn’t a part of the project describtion then it is

not possible.

Initial project start

• What did you want to achieve?

A good and fulfilling report, it is basically a traning for when we have to do

bigger reports.

• How did you form the group

we where put into groups, and then we could change them a little bit.




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The teamwork in the group:

• What is the content of the group contract and how did the group live up to this

content?

The group contract was basically a guideline of how we are soppused to work

together, and so that we have some clear rules for how we work.

• How did you feel responsible for the group project? (Be specific and explain in

general and by means of examples).

I felt responsible for not letting down my group members, my specific

responsibilities was basically the calculations and the technical stuff.

• How did the group work together – are you as a group satisfied with the work of

each

group members

i think I am satisfied with the group members, if told to do something then

the specific group member did what was required of them.

• Do all group members feel that the delivered the maximum to the group and the

group

utilized each members expertise

I think that all of the group members felt that they delivered what was

required of them and that they used there knowledge to do so.

• How was the motivation of the group, what motivated the group and its

members,

what demotivated the group

the motivation of the group was to make a fulfilling report.

• How did you in your group utilize the multicultural group and what were the

biggest

challenges?

The biggest changes for me was that I from the start of the semester was

ready to work with one group and then I had to work with another group, but




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it actually thought me to work together with other people then the ones I am

used to.

The project result:

• In what way are you satisfied with the project result?

I am satisfied with the final result. Because I feel that every group member

got their different inputs in the final result.

The supervisor :

• In what way are you satisfied with the cooperation with your supervisor(s)?

I am satisfied with the supervisors because when I needed help they helped

me on the things that me and the rest of the group is not that good at.

• What was less successful? Explain why?

That it was not always easy to find the supervisors.

• When did you use your supervisor and for what?

I used the supervisors for the technical part.

• How did your group handle the cooperation with your supervisor(including

communication)

either we went and talked to them or we communicated over email.

Planning and execution:

• How successful was your planning?

It was somewhat successful. In all plans there is always going to be flaws.

• How did you follow up upon your plan?

By trying to do what was required of it, to the best extent possible.

Division of the tasks

Task Name of the group member

Introduction Karina

Creativity tool No 1 -Brainstorming All group members




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Description of the creativity tool No 1 Anamaria

Creativity tool No 2 – Six thinking hats All group members

Description of the creativity tool No 2 Lizyer

Design No 1 Karina

Design No 2 Lizyer

Design No 3 Anamaria

Design No 4 Anamaria

Creativity tool No 3 –Score card method All group members

Description of the creativity tool No 3 Karina

Materials Anamaria

Hydraulic cylinder Anamaria Lifting arm Anamaria J-type hook Lizyer Stand Lizyer Hydraulic cylinder handle Anamaria Wheels Karina Handle Anamaria Safety belt Lizyer Brake Karina Statistic calculation of the chosen design Tobias Price calculations All the group members Conclusion All the group members Project description All the group members Log-book of the group Anamaria Group contact All the group members Process report All the group members

project done done done final pdf

Documents