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Global Biodiesel Focus 2015
Waste oils as resource of biodiesel
Roberto Vazquez
CEO, ASB Biodiesel
2nd generation
biodiesel
ASB Case Model in
Hong Kong
2
Case Model: ASB Biodiesel (Hong Kong) Ltd
3
Lead
investor Al Salam Bank Bahrain
Locations: Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore
Production
capacity: 100,000 tons / year
Technology:
Integrated GTW, WWTP and biodiesel
plant: pretreatment, high FFA
esterification, distillation, biogas
Feedstock: Waste cooking oil, gutter oil (grease trap
oil), waste animal fat, other waste oils.
Fuel Quality: EN14214/ASTM 6751/China B100
standard
Biodiesel plant
4 4
2nd generation
biodiesel
Feedstock
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Used Cooking Oil
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• 5kg/person/year
Potential
• Illegal food recycling
• Animal feed applications
• Low entry barrier for collectors. Existing network
• Reasonably low technology requirements
Challenges
• Limited growth opportunities mature market
Outlook
Grease Trap Waste
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Source: http://plasticgreasetrap.com/, EPD:
Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 2011.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
To
ns
pe
r d
ay
Grease Trap Waste Hong Kong
• 2kg/person/year
Potential
• Hazardous, Basel Convention
• High acidity, high polymerization, high sulphur content.
• Low yield for illegal operation.
• Vehicle, government control: higher entry barrier for service providers
• High technology, waste water treatment and government control: high entry barrier for biodiesel producers
Challenges
• High potential limited by deployment of grease traps and local treatment
Outlook
Animal fats
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• Non food-feed quality: 1kg/person/year
Potential
• Categorization
• Distributed generation of bone and meat residue
• Sulphur, polyethylene, protein
Challenges
• Limited potential at competitive price, except in very low quality streams
Outlook
Category 1
Energy production
Incineration-Landfill
Category 2
Organic fertilizer
Biogas
Energy production
Incineration-Landfill
Category 3
Animal feed
Pet food
Organic fertilizer
Biogas
Energy production
Incineration-Landfill
Animal fats: case study Spain (47M Hab)
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82%
18%
Category 1/2
Carcass
Specified risk material
68%
32%
Products
Protein
Animal fat
Raw Material (1/2) Ton
Carcass 385,000
SRM 83,800
Total 468,000
Products Ton
Protein 107,000
Animal fat (cat 1/2) 52,500 (11%)
Total 158,500
Animal fat category 3: 385,000 tpy
Animal fat category ½: 52,500 tpy (12%)
Sludges
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• Mill effluent: 50-100 tons/month of recoverable oil
Potential
• Existing collector network, some with shore tank (bulk delivery), but generally distributed
• High PFAD price has driven other high FFA material cost up
• High technology requirements: FFA, sulphur and oxidized/polymerized
Challenges
• High potential, if supply chain is rationalized
Outlook
Sources in Hong Kong
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Bakery waste
Canteen food waste
(A)
Canteen food waste
(B)
Protein Lipid Carbohydrate
Source: Lipids from food waste as feedstock for biodiesel production: Case Hong Kong
Sanjib Kumar Karmee and Carol Sze Ki Lin, lipid technology September 2014, Vol. 26, No. 9
• 3,600 TPD food waste in Hong Kong
Potential
• Technology development
• Efficient segregated sourcing
• Variable lipid conent
• Valorization of protein and carbohydrate
Challenges
• High potential, with sufficient scale
Outlook
2nd generation
biodiesel
Supply Chain
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Supply chain
13 13 MT
Hig
h A
cid
ity
Meat and bone residue
Rendering plant Container
Pond (PO mill) Truck collection
Shore tank (bulk)
Container Grease trap (restaurant)
Collector
Grease trap (restaurant)
Collector Local process
(GTO) Container
Low
acid
ity UCO
Restaurant Collector
UCO Restaurant
Collector Depot Container
Meat and bone residue
Rendering plant Container
Bio
die
sel pla
nt
2nd generation
biodiesel
Process Design
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Production Process Overview (1) – Input and Outputs
Waste
Animal Fat
Other
Waste Oils
UCO
Methanol KOH Acids
GTW
Bioheating
OIl Fertilizer. Glycerine Biodiesel
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Grease Trap
Waste
Treatment
UCO/Fat
Treatment
Unit
Biodiesel refinery
Production Process Overview (2) – Input and Outputs
Methanol
KOH
Acids
Bioheating
OIl Fertilizer. Glycerine Biodiesel
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Water and Solids
Pre-treatment
Non catalytic
Esterification
Acid Based
Esterification
Trans-
esterification Biodiesel
Purification
Biodiesel
Distillation
Glycerine
Purification
Production Process Overview (3) - Re-use of By-products for energy
Bioheating
OIl
Waste Oil
Energy for biodiesel manufacturing process
Biodiesel
Biogas
Grease Trap
Waste
Treatment
Biodiesel refinery
UCO/Fat
Treatment
Unit
Waste Water
Treatment Plant
Waste Water
Oil
Environmental and
social impacts of
2nd generation
biodiesel
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Food safety
At best, poured down the drains or dumped in the trash for already-packed landfills.
At worst reprocessed, and are channeled back into the food supply.
.
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- December 2012:, a dozen Hong Kong
restaurants were found to be using cooking oil
made from “gutter oil” containing carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene.
- September 2014: Another gutter oil scandal: non
edible lard from Hong Kong into bakery that was
subsequently distributed in Taiwan and Hong
Kong.
Reprocessed cooking oil can increase changes
of heart disease and diabetes, has implications
for Alzheimer Disease and can have adverse
impacts on children development.
0
10
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30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Rapeseed Soybean
Oil Palm Oil
Waste Oil Diesel
(gC
O2
eq
/MJ
)
Typical disaggregated values (grams CO2eq/MJ)
Cultivation Processing Transport and distribution Reference
Biodiesel from waste has low GHG compared to biodiesel from
crop oils due to reduced emissions from cultivation, processing
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Source: EU Renewable Energy Directive Annex V
Sustainability management system
ASB has a sophisticated sustainability management system:
Keeps trace of the kind of waste and the country of origin
Allows actual calculations of carbon footprint based on real feedstock/transport/conversion
inputs
Strict mass balance
Externally audited
Recognized in Europe (Renewable Energy Directive) by all oil companies
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Biodiesel from Waste - Towards a Circular Economy
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Waste
Recovered
Converted to high
value product
Re-used as Biodiesel Reduced emissions (roadside and GHG)
2nd generation
biodiesel
Economic
Development
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Biodiesel and economic development
Since the 2010-2011 policy address of former Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-kuen, New
Energy Technology has been a target for development.
Key infrastructure in HK:
- Sludge Incinerator
- Organic waste treatment facilities
- MSW waste to energy
The biodiesel plants in Hong Kong:
- Are integrated in the community, with important value remaining in HKSAR through
payments to restaurants and collectors
- Technology platform for future environmental developments
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Biodiesel and Energy Security
Hong Kong is particularly subject to fluctuations in the international energy prices: ranks
99th out of 129 jurisdictions measured by the World Energy Council:
ASB Biodiesel alone can supply every diesel vehicle on Hong Kong’s roads with enough
biodiesel to replace 10 percent of the fossil diesel used in every diesel vehicle on the
roads. 25
Imported energy 99.9697%
Indigenous energy biogas
0.0159%
Indigenous energy biodiesel 0.0138%
Indigenous energy wind
0.0003%
Indigenous energy solar
0.0003%
其他
0.0303%
Primary Energy in Hong Kong
Waste based
biodiesel
Conclusions
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Profitability
27 27 Lot Size MT
FW GTO
PSO
NE AG
AO/PFAD
AF
UCO
PO
Tech
no
log
y
1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 1E0 1E1 1E2 1E3 1E4 1E5