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PROJECT : CENTRAL AFRICA BACKBONE (CAB) PROJECT – PHASE 1.
COUNTRY : CAMEROON
SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
(ESMP)
Project
Team
Project Team : S. OMAR ELMI, Senior ICT Engineer, OITC.3
T. MOURGUES, Expert Financial Analyst, OPSM.3
C. DJEUFO, Procurement Officer, ORPF.1
G. MEKA ABESSOLO, Financial Management Expert,
ORPF.2
M.L. KINANE, Senior Environmentalist ONEC.3
S. BAIOD, Environmentalist Consultant, ONEC.3
P.H. SANON, Socio-Economist Consultant, ONEC.3
Regional Director: Mrs. M. KANGA, Director ORCE
Sector Manager: Mr. A. OUMAROU, Director OITC
Country Representative : Mr R. KANE, Resident Representative CMFO
Division Manager: Mr N. WILLIAMS, Division Manager OITC.3
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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Project Name : CENTRAL AFRICA BACKBONE (CAB) PROJECT – PHASE 1
Country : CAMEROON
Project Number : P-CM-GB0-002 Department : OITC Division:
OITC.3
1 INTRODUCTION
This document is a summary of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the
Project. In environmental terms, this project is classified in the environmental category 2. In
accordance with the environmental policy requirements of the African Development Bank
(AfDB) and of the country, the environmental and social impact assessments (ESIA) were
prepared in 2009 for roads Sangmélima Ntam-fr Congo and Kumba Akagbé, as well as for the
fibre optic for Bertoua -Batouri - Kentzou and Bamenda-Ekok, updated in 2014.
This summary was prepared on the basis of the ESIA for each of the 4 road links in accordance
with the environmental requirements of Cameroon and the AfDB’s Integrated Safeguard System.
Project description and rationale are presented first, followed by the legal and institutional
framework in Cameroon. The description of the main environmental conditions of the project is
also presented as well as the options compared for their technical, economic, environmental and
social feasibility.
The environmental and social impacts are summarized and unavoidable impacts identified. The
improvement and mitigation measures of the negative impacts and the monitoring program are
captured. Public consultations held during the ESIA and the CAB project in the implementation
areas are exposed in addition to additional initiatives related to the Project. The conclusion points
to the acceptability of the project for which the Environmental Compliance Certificates are issued
in Cameroon.
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE
The project is about the implementation of the Central Africa Backbone (CAB) as recommended
by the CEMAC Heads of State Summit, and is aimed to provide member countries with high-
speed telecommunications network. Such network shall l consist of land-based fibre optic
connections, linking several central African countries and providing the sub-region with a digital
broadband access to the global network from the landing points of the submarine cables. It is
designed to improve quantitatively and qualitatively and at affordable prices, the supply of
telecommunications services and information and communication technology (ICT). Its stated
objectives are to contribute to: i) actually increase connectivity at national and regional level, ii)
enhance the broadband services, iii) reduce the high cost of telecommunications/ICT on business
climate and, iv) expand the production of goods and services.
Also, by providing sustainable electricity access to the data centres, the project aims to improve
the living conditions of the population, as one of the priorities expressed by the Government of
Cameroon in the 2010- 2020 Growth and Employment Strategy Paper (GESP), which focuses on
accelerated growth, formal job creation and poverty reduction.
A) At infrastructure level, the project includes: i) the extension of the National Backbone over 4
key sections among the missing links and the interconnections with neighbouring countries; ii) the
supply of solar equipment for Public Community Telecentres (PCTs), Centres for Education and
Community Action Centre (CECA) and Centres for the Promotion of Women (CPF) through
deployment of photovoltaic solar panels.
B) In terms of ICT applications and services, the project provides for: i) the establishment of a
Market and Climate Information System (MCIS) for access to crop and livestock products prices,
and to weather forecasts through PCT and CECA; ii) the implementation of e-post and e-Banking
components to enhance financial inclusion for rural populations, in particular through the network
of Campost post offices on the Cameroonian territory.
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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C) In terms of institutional support, the project offers seven (07) feasibility studies on both
infrastructure and industrialization of ICTs. It also includes a component on strengthening
capacities of national key stakeholders as well as support to the PCU-CAB-Cameroon.
Table 1 Project Components
No. Component of
Amount Allocated
Description
A FIBER OPTIC
INFRASTRUCTURE
20,339 MUA
A.1- Implementation work of fibre optic infrastructure,
A.2 - Actions and measures to mitigate environmental and social impacts
(including financing PAR),
A.3 - Control and monitoring of fibre optic work.
B ICT APPLICATIONS
& SERVICES
7,885 MUA
B.1- Implementation of e-post and e-Banking,
B.2 Establishment of a Market and Climate Information System (MCIS).
C INSTITUTIONAL
SUPPORT &
CAPACITY
BUILDING
5,413 MUA
C.1- Studies,
C.2- Technical assistance - Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (ART),
C.3- Capacity building for PCTs, CECA and CPFs,
C.4- Setting up a skills development centre in fibre optic at the National School
of Posts and Telecommunications (ENSPT),
C.5- Support for women empowerment.
D PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
1,994 MUA
D.1 - Support for UCP / CAB-Cameroon,
D.2- Support for the operation of the various committees,
D.3 - Accounting and financial audit of the project,
2.3 National Administrative Framework
The administrative tutelage for the environment is the Cameroon Ministry of Environment, Nature
Conservation and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED). This department is responsible for the
planning and management of environmental resources.
MINPOSTEL is the project developer. This Ministry is responsible for the development and
implementation of the Government. Policy on postal, telecommunications and information and
communications technology. It exercises supervision over: i) the CAB Project Coordination Unit
(UCP CAB), (ii) the Telecommunications Regulatory Agency (TRA); (Iii) the National Agency
for Information and Communication Technologies (ANTIC); (Iv) the Cameroon
Telecommunications (CAMTEL); (V) the Cameroon Postal Services (CAMPOST).
Other ministries are also involved in the project-related environment management: (i) the Ministry
of Public Works (MINTP) which oversees the incorporation into the right-of-way in connection
with MINPOSTEL; (Ii) the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF) which provides
management and protection of the ecosystems; (iii) the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development (MINADER).
As part of the implementation of the Market and Climate Information System (MCIS), the
Directorate of National Meteorology in line with its powers will be responsible among other
things for: (i) the collection, processing and dissemination of weather information; (Ii) the
establishment of climate information and weather forecasts; (Iii) the monitoring of the weather
and climate. There will also be a close collaboration between the Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development (MINADER), and particularly the Directorate of Agricultural and Statistics
Surveys (DESA) and the Directorate of National Meteorology through the signing of a
memorandum of understanding to outline the institutional framework of their collaboration
towards operationalizing the MCIS. Moreover, it shall also be provided a support to the said
directorate in terms of data collection equipment through the use of ICTs (and mobile telephony
in particular). This shall add on to a vast emergency telecommunications development program
piloted by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications with funding from the Exim Bank of
China. Finally, information on agricultural and livestock markets is the responsibility of the
DESA housed in the MINADER.
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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2.4 Description of the Scope and Evaluation of the sensitivity of the Host Areas
2.4.1 Infrastructure Component
It will be implemented on a band ranging between 20 and 50 cm at a distance between 0 and 5m
from the roadside edge, thereby strictly remaining within the rights of way on all of the roads that
carry the Fibber Optic.
However, expropriation of property in the public domain may be carried out on the road Bertoua-
Batouri - Kentzou. The implementation is performed in order to provide the suitable
characteristics and comply with the service system provided for the project.
The Supply and installation of solar, office and computer equipment for PCT, CPF, CECA and
DAA have no way an impact on the environment. All these facilities exist. The only impact
relates only to waste from supplied equipment packaging, and recovery of obsolete equipment in
place.
2.4.2 ICT Applications & Services Component
The implementation of the e-Post project (Hybrid Mail and Electronic Document Management),
the e-banking project and the Markets and Climate Information System are projects said to be ''
soft ''. They are not associated with any physical negative impact. However, they will generate
expected impact and outcomes of the project.
3. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION AND IMPROVEMENT
MEASURES
3.1 Negative Impacts
The impact assessment is carried out on the deployment of fibre optic activities, together with the
activities in civil works when necessary on existing rights of way as per the different phases of the
project: (1) Preparatory phase; i) optimization/materialization of the route and evaluation of
occupations and assets; ii) Bringing in of equipment and installation of the site; iii) Labour
recruitment. (2) Work phase; i) trenching with storage of cuttings; ii) Excavation and construction
of rooms (terminals); iii) Duct laying and passage of the fibre optic cables; iv) Backfilling of
trenches; v) Deployment of the fibre optic, vi) Movement of project vehicle’s ; vii) waste
management viii) Deployment of solar panels. (3) Operating phase: i) PCT connections and
configurations in the area; ii) Network maintenance and monitoring; iii) Physical presence of fibre
optic cables.
Each impact was identified from the causal links determined by the interaction between the
components of the environment and the project activities. The matrix below (Table 2) points to
such interaction with the environmental components.
Table 2: Interaction Matrix
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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Components of the environment
Biophysical Human
Air
Nat
ura
l’ r
esou
rces
Waters Soils
Bio
topes
So
cio
econ
om
ic
aspec
ts
Liv
ing
env
iro
nm
ent
Her
itag
e an
d
infr
astr
uct
ure
surf
ace
Wat
ers
de
Gro
un
dw
ater
So
il
Sub-s
oil
MAIN ACTIVITIES Em
issi
on o
f G
HG
Air
qual
ity
Sound M
anag
emen
t
Mea
n a
nnual
flo
w o
f th
e host
envir
on
men
t
Wat
er q
ual
ity
Aquif
ers
char
acte
rist
ics
Wat
er q
ual
ity
sensi
tivit
y t
o e
rosi
on
Qual
ity a
nd
soil
use
l
Sta
bil
ity
Flo
ra
Fau
na
Confl
icts
Loca
l ec
onom
y /
jobs
Hea
lth /
Saf
ety
Nois
e
Odors
Lan
dsc
ape
Qual
ity
P C
ult
ura
l an
d a
rchae
olo
gic
al
her
itag
es
Mat
eria
l good
Publi
c fa
cili
ties
an
d
infr
astr
uct
ure
PREPARATORY PHASE
Route delineation and assessment of
assets and occupations
m
D
m
D
m
D
m
D
Supply of equipment and site
installations mT mT
m
T
Recruitment and presence of labor M
T mT
m
T
WOORK PHASE
Clearing of the trenches and chambers right of ways
mT
mT M
T mT
m
T
Trenches / storage of excavated
material and construction of
chambers
m
T mT
m
T mT mT
M
T mT
m
T
m
T
Laying of ducts and passage of fibre optic cables
M
T mT
m
T
Backfilling of trenches m
T
m
T mT
Circulation of project vehicles m
T
m
T
M
T
m
T
Installation of equipment and solar
panels
m
T
m
D
Waste Management m
T mT mT mT
m
T
OPERATION PHASE
Connection in the area M
D
M
D MD
Solar energy supply M
D
m
D
MD
MD
Implementation of ICT tools M
D
M
D
M
D
M
D
M
D
M
D
Maintenance and monitoring M
D
MD
MD
Legend: Low negative
High negative
Low positive
High positive
m: minor
M:
Significan
t
T : temporary
D : final
3.1.1 Preparatory phase
The laying of FO cable routes will not go without affecting some property, specifically on the
Bertoua- Batouri –Kentzou road link. There is no other property impacted on the remaining
selected roads. Also, the supply of equipment and materials may disturb local populations and
could therefore be a potential source of conflict. Such risk should not be overshadowed.
3.1.2 Work Phase
On the bio-physical environment and during work deployment phase, the civil works involving
trenching, storage of excavated material, laying of ducts and backfilling will generate many risks:
i) obstruction of the drainage systems of the FO cable routes, ii) a trap for the crossing terrestrial
wildlife as well as livestock, iii) water pollution through the drainage and outlets.
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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On the socio-cultural : The civil works will along the roads and the work sites bring about risks
associated with increased traffic accident, noise pollution due to transport vehicles and machinery
during working hours. Moreover, there is the risk of a very spotted destruction of food crops in
the relevant urban and rural areas.
During the course of the work, site personnel could adopt disrespectful behaviours which respect
to the customs. Moreover, the presence of company employees with relatively high monetary
resources could promote moral depravity (prostitution, banditry, etc.) which can lead to increased
prevalence of STIs and AIDS.
On the socio-economic environment: The project will directly impact on some buildings made
of local materials in the crossed cities and in various villages only on the Bertoua - Batouri -
Ketzou main road link. This mainly includes paving at the crossing of households, gardens,
kitchens etc. For the few buildings involved, and in the situation where people are attached to
their land of origin and do not accept to leave, any displacements will be moving several metres
away with respect to the right of way. The resettlement plan will therefore consist in a
compensation procedure for property destruction in FO right of way. Such funds will be used by
the compensated people to repair or rebuild their property and / or restore their livelihood a few
meters back from the right of way.
During the work, the presence of transport vehicles and machinery will locally limit the flow of
traffic, with highly localized and temporary consequences on the transportation of goods and
services.
3.1.3 Operating Phase
No negative impact is identified. The signal passing through the fibre optic network is neutral,
without radiation or nuisance of any kind.
3.2 Positive impact
During construction phase, the project will have beneficial socio-economic impacts, offering
job opportunities for local rural youth: (i) direct jobs on construction sites, and (ii) indirect jobs
related to development around workers camps of some commercial activities (sale of agricultural
and handicraft products, food sale).
During the operating phase, the beneficial impacts of the deployment of the fibre optic to the
physical environment will all be linked to schemes financed by the Project: (i) the establishment
of a maintenance system to perpetuate the fibre cable network: (ii) the establishment of
sustainable electrification using solar panels and equipment at PCT, CECA, CPFF and DAA will
contribute a little bit to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
Project beneficial impacts on the biological environment will be linked (i) the opening up of
information and early warning system it provides, and which like the agricultural services will
allow Water and Forests officers to expand their knowledge of the areas they manage together
with other sectoral services.
3.3 Mitigation and Enhancement
Before the work phase
In the bidding document for the work, the Administration shall include environmental clauses,
which main requirements in terms of environmental protection shall speak to: (i) the rehabilitation
and repairs of the sites (ii) waste management requirements, (ii) the time limit requirements for
openings / closings of trenches (civil engineering) and deposits thereon. The main requirements
on the protection of the human environment are about : (iii) a preferential recruitment mechanism
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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of local staff; (Iv) the implementation of safety regulations (installation of barriers, signage etc.)
for local populations and users; (V) the enforcement of labour regulations and the wearing by site
staff of individual protective equipment (gloves, dust masks, anti-noise helmets, etc.).
Before installing and setting up life bases and construction sites, the company must seek prior
approval of the project management and CAB – PCU for all 4 sites, a travel plan and possibly site
installation and an environmental protection plan for the site in accordance with the
environmental guidelines of the existing legislation in Cameroon. This plan will include: (i) the
installation of life bases and material deposit in the vicinity of the localities, such as PCT so
allowing MINPOSTEL to own the infrastructure at the end of the work; (ii) the recovery of
electronic waste (obsolete equipment) of the structures to be equipped and processing: (iii) the
recovery of inert waste and their allocation to local authorities that can use them in their daily
activities and maintenance of houses (wood treatment, reels, in PHED, etc.); (I)v the organization
of the collection and disposal of used items (filters, batteries, empty containers, etc.)
Before starting works, the project manager must proceed on the basis of implementing studies
and picketing on the ground: (i) the identification of construction owners, graves, crops, fruit trees
and other property that may be damaged; (ii) the definition of access to the property which must
be maintained during construction and / or returned after the event; (iii) the establishment of
public utility folder (DUP) and for negotiations of the means and amounts of compensation with
the collaboration of local authorities and according to the existing legislation.
In order to mitigate the project's impacts on the property of neighbouring communities without
compromising the technical efficiency, MINPOSTEL elected for a route which liberation from the
right of way will concern only: 22 single screeds, 5 Special screeds, 2 walls and 4 stairs. Such
optimized route avoids the destruction of 43 houses and two mosques.
During Work Phase
The mitigation measures supported by the Administration shall include: (i) the organization by
specialized NGOs of information campaigns and awareness of technical services, schoolchildren,
local populations, traditional leaders, the authorities (local, regional and national), users,
transporter and local unions, using all possible media. The campaigns will focus on project
components also focus on: (i) security issues, risks and finally on global climate change (mainly
for young people in schools, clubs and youth centre); (Ii) the prohibition for companies of the
consumption, transport by construction vehicles and trade in bush meat and timber by the
company staff; (Iii) the promotion of local staff recruitment and sub-contracting with local NGOs
during activities of sensitization for instance, or the collection of climate, agriculture as well as
forestry, and wildlife data.
During the course of civil works and deployment of FO, the company will ensure that the
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife and water resources are protected along all roads and sections
carrying the FO (i) by implementing preventive measures and techniques against bush fires and
poaching; (Ii) identifying cattle crossing corridors.
Furthermore, the company shall respect the living environment of local populations: (i) by setting
up mobile signage in the work areas, especially at night, and traffic signs and speed limit signs in
dangerous places; (ii) rehabilitating the access of residents and property impacted by the work.
This includes preservation of the culture and the health of local populations; (iii) ensuring respect
by staff of local customs and traditions; and (iv) providing periodic health checks of their staff.
During Operating Phase
In order to reinforce the positive impacts on the human environment, the enhancement measures
will focus on the following aspects: (i) Support for the women empowerment through the
provision of additional IT and ICT equipment as well as the delivery of diploma courses
(component D); (ii) Establishment of a fibre optic skills development centre at the National
School of Posts and Telecommunications (ENSPT) (Component C); (iii) ICT applications and
services (component B).
Ultimately, the project will generate beneficial impacts during operation.
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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3.4 Residual Impacts
Residual impacts are those impacts experienced after implementing mitigation measures at the
end of the work. They are all considered positive.
3.5 Cumulative and Cross-border Impacts
Cumulative impacts are those resulting from the combined action of activities related to the
project itself and related actions and / or projects or in the same area of influence. These mainly
include cumulative impacts generated by: (i) the modernization and asphalting of the Batouri
Bertoua-- Kentzou road link which occasionally generate fibre recovery and shift. In this
perspective, the coordination with the services of the Ministry of Public Works will focus on
measures for doubling and connecting the fibre optic between the rooms prior to neutralizing the
first one. To do so, the procurement of an additional quantity is required, the objective being not
to interrupt the signal. The budgets for these procurements will be picked up from the road
asphalting project; (Ii) the Mbalam- Kribi mining railway project, in which close coordination
between CAM IRON and MINTP is required to pool the corridor passage for both railway as
fibre optic, the Lele -Ntam and Mbalam section ; (Iii) future complementary ICT projects: CAB
Cameroon fibre optic deployment the Foumban - Tibati - Tignère - Ngaoundere, Bamenda -
Fundong - Wum - Bamenda, Ngaoundere - Touboro road links and in neighbouring countries
particularly in Congo, CAR and Chad.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT and CLIMATE CHANGE
4.1 Environmental risks associated with the project
Pollution is the main environmental risk and it result from mismanagement of waste from works
such as pollutants (storage, transport and use). In this regard, the specifications shall comprise a
waste management plan. It will include the recovery of obsolete electronic waste of PCT and
CECA to be equipped by the project.
During the deployment phase of the FO cable, there is another risk related to exposure to road
accidents. Therefore, safety measures, awareness and training are provided to locally recruited
staff, people, relevant staff, competent departments, including civil protection, gendarmerie, forest
guards, etc.
These measures relate to: (i) awareness and training of site staff and ad hoc teams from the
neighbouring communities in emergency responses; (ii) the safety measures to be complied with
in the dangerous or hazardous zones; (Iii) installation of communications and rapid evacuation
equipment; (iv) establishment of contracts with workers health care services and health centres;
(v) development and supply of the local pharmacies; (vi) awareness of the local population on the
prevention against health-related risks and road safety; (vii) organization of epidemiological
surveys to assess the project's impacts on the environment and on human health.
4.2 Climate Change
The main climate risks likely to impact the project in Cameroon are: (i) water erosion due to
increased rainfalls and; (Ii) large fluctuations in temperature. The adaptation options regarding the
first risk are: selection of a suitable trench depth on all roads (usually exceed a meter with a 0.3 m
thickness). Furthermore, the trenches are broken down into three strata: (i) stratum containing
ducts: At least 20 cm height of compacted sand or loose soil and similar flexible consistency will
cover the various ducts or trenches; (Ii) Stratum between the warning grid and sand: this layer will
be achieved by compacting the excavated materials; (Iii) Final layer of backfill compaction
achieved by excavated materials. The second risk will prompt among other things the choice of
the use of HDPE tube (instead of the standard PVC) on all routes due to its better chemical and
mechanical properties (non-corrosive, resistance to shock, creep, cracking and abrasion, ductile,
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
9
etc.) thereof ensuring greater sustainability to the links so put in place. Concerning the used of
fibre optic, the requirements are the same in physico-mechanical terms (insensitivity to various
chemical and mechanical agents, mould resistance, temperature differences, etc.).
A data centre / PCT type requires on average 40kWh per day. Knowing that 13 PCT, CECA and
CPF will be powered by solar panels under this project, the total energy produced will amount to
190,000 kWh / year.
The project will help reduce the carbon footprint in the power sector in Cameroon which is 20%
dependent on fossil fuels for power generation (80% by hydroelectric plants). In terms of quantity
of CO2 avoided, a 2011 study by Brander et al (2011) estimated the grid emission factor for
Cameroon at 0.25 t CO2 / MWh. The 190,000 kWh produced by data centres thus represent 47.5 t
of CO2 avoided annually.
In addition, the technology, especially ICT, can help substantially reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Indeed, the implementation of e-post and e-banking projects, the replacement of
transfers by data transmissions reduce the movement of people estimated at 400,000 km / year.
Aware that the Cameroonian car fleet consists of 70% diesel vehicles emitting 200 g CO2 / km,
and 30% petrol motor emitting 150 gCO2 / km, so the displacements avoided represent 74 tCO2 /
year. A total emission of 121.5 t CO2 will thus be avoided.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PROGRAM
5.1 Organization of environmental and social surveillance and monitoring
Under this project, a monitoring program will first ensure that the mitigation and improvement
measures proposed in the ESMP will be effectively implemented in each of the project phases
(installation, construction and operation).
It shall consist of: (i) the Project Management (MINPOSTEL), represented in Cameroon by the
ADB projects Implementation Unit (CAB PCU) as Delegate Project Manager and getting an
Environmentalist on board. (ii) 4 environmentalists per site, designated by the Company
performing the civil works and the deployment of FO to implement environmental measures
during the construction phase. (iii) The Project Management or the technical assistance for
implementation control and monitoring, which also comprises an environmentalist,(iv) Local
Environmental Monitoring Committees, Decentralized structures of the Ministry of the
Environment and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED) and the Directorate of Roads of the
Ministry of Public Works.
The surveillance will seek to verify the effectiveness of: (i) measures proposed environmental and
social measures including mitigation; (ii) the conditions established in the various legal and
regulatory instruments; (Iii) the commitments of the delegate project manager and project
manager; (Iv) the requirements of other laws and regulations on hygiene and public health,
management of the living environment of people,
During the operating phase, the monitoring program will aim to ensure that mitigation or
compensation measures for negative impacts do play the role that was expected, but also to ensure
that the expected positive impacts from project operation will actually come public.
The main objectively verifiable indicators to be used for the monitoring of these positive impacts
are: (i) linear network; (ii) number of people online due to easier ICT access; (iv) the number of
new shops (formal and informal) opened by men and by women; (v) the number of jobs created
directly and indirectly and occupied by men and women; (vi) the number of equipped and
functional infrastructure; (vii) the number of boys and girls initiated and trained in ICT
technologies and services.
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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The main indicators of the negative impacts and the implementation of mitigation measures are:
(i) effectiveness of the insertion of environmental clauses in tender documents and execution files;
(Ii) effective waste disposal systems from construction work; (Iii) number of accidents at
workplace; (iv) number of complaints received and processed during the work.
Figure 1: Organization of the CAB Cameroon Project
5.2 Programme Cost
The total ESMP cost includes, in addition to the costs of Resettlement Plan, ISC campaigns, plans
under the responsibility of the company, provisions for repairs of "other networks as well as the
fees of the environmentalist of the Project Management. It amounts to almost CFA francs 475.5
million, or nearly 725,000 euros. The distribution by road link is presented in Table 3 below.
MINPOSTEL
UCP-CAB /
environmentalists
Company
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Road
Bamenda- Ndop-
Road
Mamfe- Eykok
Road Sangmelima-
Ntam
Road
Bertoua- Kentzou
CLSE 1 CLSE 2 CLSE 2 CLSE 2 MINEPDED
CL compens.
PROJECT FO Equipment
TCP, CEAC et CPFF FO
Installation of solar panel
GC + FO Equipment TCP, CEAC et CPFF
GC + FO
Project Mangt Cellule
Environmental and Social
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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Table 3: Breakdown of the ESMP Costs
Items
Road links Cost
Kumba -
Mamfe-ekok
Bamenda -
Ndop-kumbo
Samgmelima-
Mintom -Ntam
Bertoua-
Batouri-
kentzou In cfaf
Compensation for PAR - - - 58 718 000 58 718 000
ISC Campaigns 40 000 000 26 000 000 50 000 000 26 000 000 142 000 000
Detours/signalling plan 6 500 000 5 000 000 3 000 000 5 000 000 19 500 000
HSE Plan 5 000 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 20 000 000
Waste management plan 6 000 000 6 000 000 6 000 000 6 000 000 24 000 000
provision for network maintenance - - 11 800 000 7 400 000 19 200 000
Focal point environment CAB PCU 22 500 000 22 500 000 22 500 000 22 500 000 90 000 000
Monitoring E&S Unit of Project
Management 12 000 000 30 000 000 18 000 000 42 000 000 102 000 000
92 000 000 94 500 000 116 300 000 172 618 000 475 418 000
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
The ESIA was conducted based on a participatory approach, which had been initiated in the
upstream stage of the project at the validation of its terms of reference by the groups concerned.
Its final result is on the one hand the exploitation of basic documents, digitized topographical
maps and field visits, and on the other interviews with representatives of various technical
departments of the ministries concerned, NGOs , private operators, socio-professional groups,
coastal population, authorities and local authorities, village chiefs and opinion leaders. Before
each meeting, the project content was presented to the consulted group in terms of its economic,
social, cultural, environmental issues, as well as mitigation and enhancement measures. Thus, the
opinions and comments from the populations and target groups have been captured into this
summary.
Given the high number of villages and hamlets located along the roads, the following
consultations were held; i) in July and August 2013 for the Batouri- Bertoua -Kentzou road (546
people including 27 women); ii) in September 2013 for the Bamenda- Mamfe –Ekok road, (390
persons including 98 women); iii) in December 2014 for the Kumba- Mamfe road (136 persons
including 30 women); iv) in December 2014 for the Sangmélima- Ntam road (262 people
including 88 women).
At each time, the project has won the buy-in from the populations in a development perspective.
These consultations resulted in an analysis of positions, interests and the influence of different
stakeholders proposing strategies for their involvement and participation in the project
implementation. The expectations and suggestions are summarized in Table 4 below. They were
captured in the project under complementary initiatives and security and information
arrangements in the company specifications. Moreover, all concerns regarding the compensations
are addressed in the resettlement plan annexed to the ESMP. The provisions on the aspects
relating to recruitment of local labour are included in the tender document to encourage
companies in this direction. About the concerns focussed on the crossing of watercourses and
generally the water erosion risk, further information is provided in the climate change section.
Such questions and concerns were discussed with a summary of the responses in Table 5 below
.
Table 4: Expectations of the people consulted
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
12
Expectations/Suggestions
- Safeguards for children and livestock with respect to the trenching;
- Dissemination of the regulations governing the protection of heritage and compensation of property in
Cameroon;
- Project support at social level, including integration and direct or indirect employment of mainly young
people.
- Development of a grid of positive and negative impacts for better understanding of the populations;
- Installation of safety devices around the trenches;
- Project support at social level in terms of youth employment especially;
- At village crossing, laying fibre optics within the 48 hours following the opening of the trenches to limit the
risk of accidents;
- Information on the exact route of the fibre optic;
- Strengthening the protection of the fibre optic at the bridges to prevent cable being stolen or vandalism;
- Information on compensation procedures;
- Recruitment of local labour.
- Information on the exact route of the fibre optic;
- Information on compensation procedures;
- Recruitment of local labour
Table 5: Responses
Communities’ concerns Responses
Risk of property, crops
and grave destruction,
although the project is housed in the road’s right of way and that zero risk does
not exist, if it happens that after the implementation technical study the passage
of the fibre optic is not within the right of way, and in case a given property
should be affected, there are legal provisions for compensation of the people
impacted by the projects declared of public utility.
Risk of accidents at
trenches level,
this is the most significant risk during the work. Emphasis will be placed on
raising awareness during construction. Furthermore steps could be taken for
their crossing to minimize the risk of falls. For livestock, animal migration
corridors will be delineated.
Potential project
negative impacts on
populations, biodiversity
and environment in the
long term,
The project has no impact on the long-term. The main downside will be
observed during the work, especially as regards the trenches.
Interconnection of
villages,
Interconnection terminals will be installed along the fibre optic route. Their
location is not yet specified but will take account of the target communities and
areas. These terminals are not directly accessible to the populations but will
allow telecom operators to connect in order to offer their services.
Recruitment of local
labour,
Trenches will be dug with the participation of locally recruited labour e along
the route and in agreement with the managers of the company responsible for
project implementation.
Project social works,
the latter is a social project per see because it will enable the development of
telecommunication facilities (telephone, internet, television, etc.) through the
multiplication of community telecentres, access to digital communication tools
, facilitating access to telephone networks, in short opening up of villages in
telecommunications, promoting distance learning and telemedicine.
Final route fibre optic, it will be disclosed only after validation of the results of the technical
performance study to be achieved by the company.
Involvement of local
women in the project
The presence of employees during the project will enable many women
conduct various activities including catering. After the project, they can also
create secretariats office, Internet cafes and telephone booths.
Concern regarding
CRTV signal reception
the passage of the fibre will improve the technology of multiple services and is
an appropriate solution to this problem.
Specific project benefit Specific project benefits, the project itself is already opening up the locality in
terms of telecommunications services since it will enable the development of
telecommunication facilities (telephone, internet, television, etc.) through the
multiplication community telecentres, access to digital communication tools,
facilitating access to telephone networks.
What about the non-
functional and
the community and multipurpose Ntam telecentres shall be maintain pending
the actual exploitation
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
13
abandoned Ntam post
office
The community and
multipurpose Ntam
telecentres shall be
maintained pending the
actual exploitation?
The relevant age group is the majority age in Cameroon, so as not to fall under
the UNICEF penalty against the child exploitation via profit work. Thus,
Cameroonians who have reached majority and proven skills will be recruited to
availability.
The fibre is laid for the
government or for
corporations? Is the fibre
optic like the electric
current in which
everyone has his own
meter for use?
The fibre optic laying project on the Sangmélima-Djoum-Mintom-Ntam road
section aims to interconnect Cameroon and Congo. The fibre optic does not
operate like the electric current. It is underground and only the big operators
are using it to improve the quality of service for their users in their customer
files. The use of this infrastructure in households is not yet effective in
Cameroon.
Radioactive effects of
the fibre optic passage,
the latter consists of glass or plastic and using totally inert light beams to carry
information across. It does not display knowledge at the current state, has no
effect in terms of radioactivity and human health.
Impacts on watercourse
during fibre optic laying,
It has been specified that the laying of the fibre will depend on the waterbed.
Indeed for situations in which the final material bridges are constructed, the
laying of the fibre will be carried on the bridge. In the case of rivers with low
flow and favourable bed, the fibre will be laid under the waterbed.
During the project implementation, all partners will be consulted on a regular basis via the public
press and during village meetings. Moreover, the summary is also published on the Bank's
website.
7. FURTHER INITIATIVES
7.1. Expropriation, Compensation and Relocation/Resettlement
On the road links considered, only Bertoua- Batouri -Kentzou in the Eastern Region has impacts
on some populations and property. The project includes the refurbishment and offsetting of the
shortfalls at a cost of about FCFA 20,380,000. It also provides for the operation of the
departmental committees for observation and assessment and sensitization.
A short resettlement plan is prepared to facilitate the repair and rehabilitation of the impacted
structures, and the possible relocation backward of some businesses and structures. In view of
flexibility in laying the fibre optic, and pending availability of specific statements of relocation,
the compensation costs have been estimated as:
Costs (in CFAF)
Rehabilitation 14, 380, 000
Provision for shortfall 6, 000, 000
Operation of commissions
Departmental Commission for Observation & Assessment 12, 000, 000
Local Committee for Compensation & Complaints Management 13, 000, 000
Sensitization 8, 000, 000
Aggregate 53, 380, 000
Contingencies 10% 5, 338, 000
Grand Total 58, 718, 000
The 10% increase takes into account contingencies (price increase, identification of other
properties to be expropriated during the construction phase), total compensation costs are
estimated at CFAF 58,718,000.
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
14
7.2. Improvement Accompanying Measures
The CAB project already meets the demands and concerns in terms of enhanced accessibility to
ICT equipment. Capacity building also includes: i) the definition of institutional mechanisms for
the use of renewables in the ICT development, the construction of two classrooms, the acquisition
of equipment and software for fibre optic laboratories, building specialized libraries at ENSPT.
These measures are part of Component C. The D component is fully dedicated to supporting
women empowerment. It includes 10 sub-components focused on providing equipment and
training including PHD programs.
Therefore, a communications campaign is planned by the CAB –PCU which a CFAF 107 million
budget allocated. It will focus on three main components:
Advocacy: i) Organization of 4 regional workshops for information, awareness targeted
at local elected officials and representatives of civil society, ii) Organization of IEC
messages-making workshop for project targets.
Corporate Communication focusing on: i) Production of IEC materials called
"Printing Without Address" (ISA), ii) Edition of Cartoon dedicated to the project target
population. iii) Publication of a compendium of best practices on the capitalization by the
target populations, project achievements (in the form of comics). iv) Training of 60 peer
educators in group facilitation techniques for organizing educational talks with cross-
sections of the project target population. v) Animation of 100 educational talks with cross-
sections of the project target population. vi) Production of a radio series on the benefits of
fibre optics for the project target populations.
Communications in the mass media: i) Communications in the mass media that will: i)
Contractualization with 8 community and local radio stations in the project areas, ii)
topics / Information items in printed media with national coverage.
11. CONCLUSION
From the environmental and social assessment, it emerges that the project would have some
localized negative impacts on the socio-cultural and socio-economic environment during FO
deployment phase. However, it will also feature major positive impacts. The potential negative
impacts will have no ecological effect both in the immediate project area and in its surroundings,
as it will be possible to technically and financially circumscribed them within reasonable limits, or
sometimes offset by appropriate corrective measures in the proposed ESMP. The improvement
measures regarding the positive impacts will enhance the project scope.
The project is deemed environmentally and socially viable. It holds certificates issued by the
MINEPDED.
12. REFERENCES and CONTACT PERSONS
ESIA Report: Betoua-Batouri-Kentzou
ESIA Report : Kumba –Manfe
ESIA Report: Bamenda –Ndop Kumbo
Report: Sangmelima Fr Congo
Report of the Short Resettlement Plan for Bertoua –Batouri -Kentzou
Contacts: For further information, please contact:
Mr. Kurt LONSWAY, Environment and Climate Change Division ([email protected])
Mr. Samatar OMAR ELMI, OITC.3 Division, Information and Communication Technologies
Mr. Modeste KINANE, Environment and Climate Change Division ([email protected])
Mr. P. Hassan SANON, Environment and Climate Change Division ([email protected])
Mr. Salim BAIOD, Environment and Climate Change Division ([email protected])
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
15
Annex 1: Environmental and Social Management Matrix
Prescribed Measures Activities Implementers
Monitoring and
Surveillance
actors
Monitoring
Indicator
Means of
Verification
Implementati
on Period
Implementation Cost
Bertoua
Batouri
Kentzou
Sanglima
Djoum
Ntam
Bamenda-
Ndop
Kumbo
Kumba
Mamfe
Ekok
Integrate
d costs
Compensation and rehabilitation of
affected building and structures
Implementation of PAR
Relocation
Committee
CAB-PCU /
Project
management
Before the
civil works
58 718 000 - - -
Avoid storing the excavated soil nearby watercourses swampy
lowlands;
Staff information and
awareness;
Company
Project
management
/MINEE
No waterway is
obstructed after
the works
Inspection
During
construction
PM /
Integated in the
work cost
Accelerate laying operations of the
fibre optic crossing and near watercourses;
Waste Management Plan /
setting up of a storage system,
recovery and treatment of various solid waste generated
by the project.
All project wastes are stored
and properly
disposed
Opinion poll
3 000 000 3 000 000 3 000 000 3 000 000
Restore normal water flow after laying ducts under the waterbed;
Project
management
/MINEPDED
PM / Integrated
in the
work cost
Practise horizontal directional
drilling for ducts installation under
the bed of some major watercourses;
Project management
Prohibit any dumping of solid waste from the project into or near
watercourses.
Waste Management Plan
3 000 000 3 000 000 3 000 000 3 000 000
PM
/Waste
management plan
Prohibit the opening of trenches
and rooms at or near ravines and slopes of clearing and backfilling;
Consider these measures in the
project design;
Company Project
management
Validation of the
fibre optic route Inspection
Upon project
design
PM / Integrated
in the
work cost
Reuse excavated earth to backfill
trenches;
Staff information and
awareness
Project
description document or site
journal
Control
Reduce the exposure time of excavated soil to minimize soil
loss.
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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Prescribed Measures Activities Implementers
Monitoring and
Surveillance
actors
Monitoring
Indicator
Means of
Verification
Implementati
on Period
Implementation Cost
Bertoua
Batouri
Kentzou
Sanglima
Djoum
Ntam
Bamenda-
Ndop
Kumbo
Kumba
Mamfe
Ekok
Integrate
d costs
Locate herds migration corridors; Identification and materialization of non-
reported migration corridors;
Company
Project management
/MINADER
All cattle migration
corridors along
the road are identified
Field visit
During
construction
PM /
Integrated in the
work cost
Accelerate the laying operations of
the fibre optic at the crossing of
herds migration areas;
Staff awareness;
Project
management
/MINADER
Site journal Opinion poll
Total backfill of trenches after
laying ducts;
Opening and backfilling of trenches within 24 hours at the
crossing of cattle migration
corridors;
Project
management
Site journal
Monthly reports
Prohibit the construction of rooms
in herds migration corridors;
Securing chambers after
construction;
Project
management
Site journal
Monthly reports
Seal up the room entrances.
Inform the populations about the
exact route of the fibre optic, the
progress of the work and the
methods of recruitment and treatment of local labour;
Holding of public information
meetings and press releases in community radio and places of
worship;
Company
At least one
information
meeting in each
village concerned
Field visit
Upon
preparatory
phase
6 000 000 6 000 000
Accelerate laying operations of the fibre optic at the crossing of
residential areas;
Setting up of a recording
device and management of
complaints and claims with respect to the project;
Project
management
Number of complaints filed
Meeting minutes
PM /
Integrated
in the work cost
Avoid opening the trenches at the
school entrance and possibly
provide for provisional crossing means;
Compliance with contractual
compensation clauses.
Project
management
PM /
Integrated
in the work cost
Complete backfill of open trenches
after laying ducts;
Project
management
PM /
Integrated
in the work cost
Negotiate with communities or
owners for any impact on property
within and outside the right of way;
Project management /
CAB-PCU
1 500 000 1 500 000 500 000
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
17
Prescribed Measures Activities Implementers
Monitoring and
Surveillance
actors
Monitoring
Indicator
Means of
Verification
Implementati
on Period
Implementation Cost
Bertoua
Batouri
Kentzou
Sanglima
Djoum
Ntam
Bamenda-
Ndop
Kumbo
Kumba
Mamfe
Ekok
Integrate
d costs
Lay additional ducts inside the
trenches in ahead of future needs;
Project
management
PM / Integrated
in the
work cost
Raise awareness about the risks and hazards related to the trenches
and chamber pits;
HSE Plan
1 500 000 1 500 000 500 000 1 500 000
Project support for the
management of injuries in the
trenches during construction.
HSE Plan
PM /
Integrated in the
work cost
Educate staff on STI / HIV / AIDS
prevention ; Educational talk with staff;
Companies / CAB-
PCU
Project
management /MINAS
HIV/AIDS prevalence
among staff
Minutes of
educational talks
Upon preparatory
phase
3 000 000 2 500 000 2 500 000 3 000 000
Encourage employees to the voluntary testing of STI / HIV /
AIDS
Condom distribution to staff;
Organization of voluntary testing campaign for staff.
Assess goods which could be
impacted by the project after
defining the exact route;
Fibre optic routing;
Companies / CAB-
PCU
Commission of
Observation et Assessment of
properties
Any property impacted outside
the right of way
is compensated
Assessment Report of the
properties
concerned Opinion poll
Upon preparatory
phase
PM /
Relocation plan
Compensate for the relevant property out of the right of way in
accordance with the regulations;
Identification and estimation of the value of goods likely to
be impacted;
MINEPDED Registration of listed indexes
Site journal
Alert the relevant governments or
authorities in the event of damage to an unreported graves or clues of
archaeological interest;
Compensation before property destruction;
MINCULT
Co Bypass urban centres to
minimize the risk of property destruction,
Laying of the fibre in the
bypass right of way MINRESI
Work with the Ministry of Public
Works for fibre optic delineation;
Working sessions with the
Ministry of Public Works for
the definition of the right of way and validation of the fibre
route;
CAB-PCU MINEPDED
Joint agreement MINPOSTEL /
MINTP on the
fibre optic route
Meeting minutes
Upon project
design
PM / Integrated
in the
work cost
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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Prescribed Measures Activities Implementers
Monitoring and
Surveillance
actors
Monitoring
Indicator
Means of
Verification
Implementati
on Period
Implementation Cost
Bertoua
Batouri
Kentzou
Sanglima
Djoum
Ntam
Bamenda-
Ndop
Kumbo
Kumba
Mamfe
Ekok
Integrate
d costs
Collaborate with the operators of the different networks in the
construction site; and repair or
restore networks
Location of the different
networks in the right of way of
the fibre optic route;
Companies / CAB-
PCU /Relevant
network operators
MINTP
No network is
cut due to the project
Site journal 2 300 000 2 800 000 0 3 500 000
Adopt the practice of horizontal
directional drilling at the crossing
of the road and of the most used
tracks.
Detours from the feeder roads
and tracks
MINPOSTEL Field visit
Apply the rule of 4 A in case
of damage to a network such as the CDE in Batouri: Stop,
Alert, Develop and Host First
Aids
HSE Plan Project
management 5 000 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 5 000 000
Strengthening the ducts and cables protective device at the
crossing of watercourses;
Work with the Ministry of Public Works for the
delineation of the fibre optic;
Companies / CAB-
PCU /MINTP MINPOSTEL
The entire
network is signposted after
the works
Field visit
Construction and operation
phase
PM /
Integrated
in the work cost
Installing of chambers at regular
intervals and on both sides of the most important waterways;
Public information and
awareness campaign on
network signage and maintenance: meetings, local
radios programs.
Companies/MINP
OSTEL MINEPDED
Existence of an
in-built drawing
for network at work completion
In-built drawing
and field visit
PM / Integrated
in the
work cost
Public awareness on the
preservation of the fibre optic network;
CAB-PCU
Number of information
meeting held
Meeting minutes 2 500 000 2 500 000 1 500 000 2 500 000
Network picket marking (network signalling tags after the trenches
backfill
PM / Integrated
in the
work cost
Installation of standardized
warning grid (30 cm above the soil surface) ;
PM / Integrated
in the
work cost
Establishment of a network monitoring and maintenance
system;
PM / Project
cost
CAB phase 1 SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
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Prescribed Measures Activities Implementers
Monitoring and
Surveillance
actors
Monitoring
Indicator
Means of
Verification
Implementati
on Period
Implementation Cost
Bertoua
Batouri
Kentzou
Sanglima
Djoum
Ntam
Bamenda-
Ndop
Kumbo
Kumba
Mamfe
Ekok
Integrate
d costs
Developing an as-built drawing for
the fibre optic network after
construction.
PM /
Integrated in the
work cost
Developing an as-built drawing for
the fibre optic network after construction;
Installation of the terminals at
the junction leading to PCTs; CAB-PCU MINPOSTEL
At least one
youth was
recruited in each of the fibre-
connected PCT;
Field visit
During
construction
PM/
Project cost
Easy connection of other PCTs to
the fibre optic;
Installation of the
interconnected terminals at the
crossing of the different villages;
CAB Project Project
management
PCT directly
connected to the fibre optic at the
end of work
Site journal PM/ Project
cost
Gradual recruitment of local labour in the various communities along
the route;
Minutes of equipment
reception at PCT,
CPF, DAA and CECA
PM /
integrated into the
operating
budget
Multiplication of terminals to
facilitate the interconnection of different localities in the study area
to broadband fibre optic;
Installation of solar panels for
the electrification of PCTs
PM /
Project
cost
Installation of PCT equipment PM/ Project
cost
86 518 000 21 800 000 22 000 000 21 500 000