project-4 investigation of multiphase flow behavior in horizontal oil wells
DESCRIPTION
Project-4 Investigation of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Horizontal Oil Wells. Cem Sarica. Drivers. Liquid Rich Shales are Immediate Interest of Most Companies Due to Market Forces There are No Tools to Predict the Behavior of Oil Dominated Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Wells - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects
Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Project-4
Investigation of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Horizontal Oil Wells
Cem Sarica
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Drivers
Liquid Rich Shales are Immediate Interest of Most Companies Due to Market Forces
There are No Tools to Predict the Behavior of Oil Dominated Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Wells
Understanding of the Flow Behavior is Key in the Design and Operation of Artificial Lift Systems
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Objectives
Study Multiphase Flow Characteristics for Horizontal Oil Wells Experimentally/Theoretically
Investigate How the Well Geometry or Trajectory Affects the Flow
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Study Plan
Experimental Modeling
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Experimental Study
Operating Conditions of Horizontal Wells will Experimentally be Simulated After Completion of Gas Dominated Flow Testing
Testing will Be Performed for Various Gas and Liquid Flow Rate Combinations That are Typical of Horizontal Oil Well Production
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Modeling
Development of a Mechanistic Model (Physics Based) to Predict the Flow Behavior
Experimental Results will be Utilized in Model Development
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Deliverables
Understanding of the Oil Dominant Flow Behavior of Horizontal Wells
Experimental Data Model Describing Flow Behavior
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Consideration for Advisory Board
Most Oil Dominated Systems have High GOR
SuggestionMerge Oil Project-4 into Projects 2 and 3
by Expanding Testing Range of Projects 2 and 3
Justification
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Hydrocarbon Fluid Regions(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Oil Liquids rich, Super rich, Wet Gas
Higher BTU gas -> NGLs from gas processing
Condensate Dry gas
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Reservoir Gas-Oil Ratio(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Utica Shale - Differentiate Oil & NGL
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Total GOR (Gas/(Oil+NGL), SCF/STB
GO
R (
Ga
s/O
il), S
CF
/ST
B
Utica TestsGOR indicates gas condensateGOR indicates gas condensate
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Marcellus GOR Histogram(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Marcellus GOR Histogram
0
5
10
15
20
1,50
05,
000
10,0
00
15,0
00
20,0
00
25,0
00
30,0
00
40,0
00
50,0
00
75,0
00
100,
000
250,
000
500,
000
1,00
0,00
0M
ore
GOR Bin, SCF/STB
Fre
qu
en
cy
Data from PA DEP
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
McCain’s Generalizations for Fluid Types(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Black oil Volatile Oil Retrograde Gas
Wet Gas Dry Gas
Initial producing GOR, scf/STB
<1,500 1,900 – 3,200 >3,200 >15,000* 100,000*
Initial stock-tank liquid gravity, oAPI
<45 >40 >40 up to 70 No liquid
Color of stock-tank liquid
Dark Colored Lightly colored Water white No liquid
Phase change in reservoir
Bubble point Bubble point Dew Point No phase change
No phase change
Heptane-plus, mole %
> 24.5 16.5 – 12.9 <12.9 <4* <0.7*
Oil FVF at bubble point
<2.0 >2.0 - - -
API is not a good indicator of fluid type!
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Example Phase Diagram for Wet Gas(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Chart after Bill McCain
Clarification
Traditional definition of “Wet Gas” reflects gas and condensate only. Current usage is to denote NGL-rich gas. NGL’s are a gas at production conditions and do not impact liquid loading
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Marcellus WGR Histogram(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Marcellus WGR Histogram
0
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 5 10 25 50 100 150 200 250 More
WGR Bin, STB/MMCF
Fre
qu
en
cy
Data from PA DEP
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Liquid Volume Fraction(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Effect of WGR on Liquid Volume Fraction
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
Gas-Oil or Gas-Water Ratio, SCF/STB
Liq
uid
Vo
lum
e F
rac
tio
n
Water
Oil
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Superficial Velocity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
Oil Rate, STBPD or Gas Rate, MCFD
Su
pe
rfic
ial V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Oil
Gas
Water
Superficial Velocity (5.5-in Casing at 500 psia & 150°F)
Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Horizontal Multiphase Flow Patterns(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
SlugAnnular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
Comparison of +1° and +5° Maps(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
+1° +5°
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
Comparison of -1° and -5° Maps(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
-1° -5°
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
Comparison of +5° and -5° Maps(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
+5° -5°
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Projected Operating Conditions(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
Marcellus Type Curve
10
100
1,000
10,000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Years
Ga
s R
ate
, MC
FD
Rate
Bracket for FPM
2.5 - 22 YearsNo “oil” type curve –
assume 25-100 STBOPD at 2000 SCF/STB GOR. For gas-water, assume water
rate 5-200 STBWPD.
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
Operating Areas for Oil & Gas on +5° FPM(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Oil Operating Envelope
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
Ga
s O
pe
ratin
g
En
velo
pe
Horizontal Well Artificial Lift Projects Advisory Board Meeting, August 16, 2012
TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec
Su
pe
rfic
ial L
iqu
id V
elo
cit
y, f
t/s
ec
Oil Operating Envelope
Slug
Annular
Dispersed Bubble
Stratified
Ga
s O
pe
ratin
g
En
velo
pe
Operating Areas for Oil & Gas on -5° FPM(Rob Sutton Presentation at 3rd Annual Appalachian Basin Gas Well Deliquification Seminar)