project 21 greater sage-grouse protection (statewide ......female prior to grouse initiating nest...

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APPENDIX

Project 21 Greater Sage-Grouse Protection (Statewide) Details APPEND pg 47 Project 21-02 Virginia Mtns Sage-Grouse Nests (Area 2) Details APPEND pg 49 Project 22 Mule Deer and Other Big Game Protection (Statewide) Details APPEND pg 84 Project 22-14 Diamond-Roberts Mule Deer Fawns (Area 14) Details APPEND pg 84 Project 22-01 Massacre California Bighorn Releases (Area 1) Details APPEND pg 84 Project 22-074 Rocky Mtn Bighorn – Badlands (Unit 074) Details APPEND pg 84 Project 22-205/7 Gabbs V.R. Des. Bighorn Rel. (U 205,207) Details APPEND pg 84 Project 25 Coyote Mule Deer Predator / Prey Analysis (Areas 16,17) Details APPEND pg 85 Project 29 Road kill Removal for Greater Sage-Grouse (Statewide) Details APPEND pg 94 Project 30 Landfill / Animal Pit Management for Sage-Grouse (Statewide) Details APPEND pg 94 Project 32 Cougar – Mule Deer – Black Bear Analysis Details APPEND pg 176 Project 33 Bi-State Sage-Grouse Habitat (Piñon-Juniper) (Area 20) Details APPEND pg 193 Project 35 Red Fox Genetics Study (Statewide) Details APPEND pg 219

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Project 21 Greater Sage-Grouse Protection (Statewide) Details

Priority Greater Sage-Grouse Habitats Targeted For Lethal Predator Removal for the remainder of FY 2014 and FY15.

County Location Hunt Units Biologist* Dates Notes

Washoe Virginia Mountains 022 Espinosa/Hampson

3/15 - 4/30

USGS Study: 4 years pre-treatment nest/brood data

Humboldt Upper King's River Valley 031 Partee

3/15 - 4/30 Habitat impacted by large fire, near ranches

Leonard Cr./S Pine Forest 032 Partee

3/15 - 4/30 Habitat impacted by fire, near ranches

Elko Jackpot Transfer Station 076 Huebner 3/15 - 4/30 Raven concentration area

Midas Transfer Station 066 Jeffress 3/15 - 4/30 Raven concentration area

IL Summit/Bull Run Basin 062, 067 Jeffress

3/15 - 5/31 Sharp-tailed Grouse Release Site

Harris Lek 076 Huebner 3/15 - 4/30 Limited in-tact habitat due to fire

Barry's Lek 075 Huebner 3/15 - 4/30 Limited in-tact habitat due to fire

Saval Complex 062, 064 Jeffress 3/15 - 4/30 Long-term project, near transmission line

Devils Gate 073 Elko County 3/1-4/30 Committed to kill 200 ravens for Elko County

South Fork 102 Elko County 3/1-4/30 Committed to kill 100 ravens for Elko County

White Pine Baker Ranch 115 Baughman

3/1 - 4/30

Low s-g population size, only known breeding area

S. Spring Valley Complex 111, 115 Baughman

3/1 - 4/30 Low sage-grouse population size

N. White River Valley 131, 132 Baughman 3/1 - 4/30 Low sage-grouse population size

Elko Susie Creek Complex 064, 068 Jeffress 3/15 - 4/30 Limited in-tact habitat due to fire

Big Springs 078 Roberts 3/15 - 4/30 Limited habitat, small population size

Elliot Ranch Complex 101, 102 McAdoo 3/15 - 4/30 Narrow band of nesting habitat, near ranches

Shady Creek Complex 101, 102 McAdoo 3/15 - 4/30 Narrow band of nesting habitat, near ranches

Krenka/Dad's Creek 101, 102 McAdoo 3/15 - 4/30 Narrow band of nesting habitat, near ranches

Lyon Sweetwater Summit/Ranch 201 Salisbury

3/15 - 4/30

Elevated raven densities, near ranch/State Hwy 338

White Pine S. Steptoe Valley 221, 222 Baughman

3/1 - 4/30 Low sage-grouse population size

Lincoln S. Schell/ Wilson Creeks 222/223/231 Espinsosa/Scott 3/1 - 4/30 Greater Sage Grouse declines

Lander Battle Mountain Complex 151 Lutz

3/15 - 4/30

Grazing rest. Low density sage-grouse population.

Elko 18-Mile Lek Huebner 3/15 - 4/30

Mary's Mtn. Complex 068 Podborny 3/15 - Limited in-tact habitat due to fire

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4/30

1st Priority Areas in Red 2nd Priority Areas in Yellow 3rd Priority Areas in Blue

At this juncture all lethal removal work is being conducted by WS under NDOWs

USFWS Raven Kill Permit

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Project 21-02 Virginia Mtns Sage-Grouse Nests (Area 2) Details

Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Wildlife, Idaho State University, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Study Progress Report 2009 − 2013 Monitoring and Research on Greater Sage-Grouse Populations in the Virginia Mountains of Northwestern Nevada Open-File Report XXXX─XXXX U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Surveyii

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Cover photographs taken by Tatiana Gettelman iii

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Study Progress Report 2009 − 2013 Monitoring and Research on Greater Sage-Grouse Populations in the Virginia Mountains of Northwestern Nevada Peter S. Coates, Kristy B. Howe, Katie M. Andrle, Michelle L. Fearon, David J. Delehanty, and Michael L. Casazza, U. S. Geological Survey Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Wildlife, Idaho State University, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Open-File Report XXXX─XXXX U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey iv

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U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2013 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Coates, P.S., Howe, K.B., Andrle, K.M., Fearon, M.L., Delehanty, D.J., and Casazza, M.L., 2013, Study Progress Report 2013: Monitoring and research on greater sage-grouse populations in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada.: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-XXXX, 75 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. v

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Contents 1.0 Abstract………………………………………….. ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.0 Methods ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 Lek Surveys …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 4.2 Capturing and Handling Sage-Grouse ................................................................................................................. 5 4.3 Monitoring Sage-Grouse ...................................................................................................................................... 5 4.3.1 Radio Telemetry ............................................................................................................................................... 5 4.3.2 Utilization Distributions ..................................................................................................................................... 6 4.3.3 Nest Monitoring and Videography ..................................................................................................................... 6 4.4 Estimating Adult Annual Survival, Nest Survival, and Brood Survival .................................................................. 7 4.5 Nest Site Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................ 8 4.6 Brood-rearing Vegetation ..................................................................................................................................... 9 4.7 Avian Predator Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................10 5.0 Preliminary Results .................................................................................................................................................11 5.1 Lek Surveys ........................................................................................................................................................11 5.2 Sage-grouse Space Use .....................................................................................................................................11 5.3 Sage-grouse Survival ..........................................................................................................................................11 5.4 Nest Survival .......................................................................................................................................................12 5.5 Nest Habitat Selection .........................................................................................................................................13 5.6 Sage-grouse Nest Videography ..........................................................................................................................14

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5.6.1 Video-Recorded Ravens ..............................................................................................................................14 5.6.2 Video-Recorded Coyotes .............................................................................................................................15 vi

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5.6.3 Video-Recorded Badgers .............................................................................................................................15 5.6.4 Video-Recorded Bobcat ...............................................................................................................................15 5.6.5 Video-Recorded Long-Tailed Weasels .........................................................................................................16 5.6.6 Video-Recorded Snakes...............................................................................................................................16 5.6.7 Video-Recorded Rodents .............................................................................................................................17 5.7 Brood Survival .....................................................................................................................................................17 5.8 Brood-Rearing Habitat Selection .........................................................................................................................18 5.9 Avian Predator Surveys ......................................................................................................................................19 6.0 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................19 7.0 Literature Cited .......................................................................................................................................................21 8.0 Tables .....................................................................................................................................................................23 9.0 Maps and Figures ...................................................................................................................................................25

Tables Legend 1. Number of sage-grouse, listed by sex and age class, radio-monitored in the Virginia Mountains of Nevada during 2009 – 2013 ...................................................................................................................................................23 2. Mean values for vegetation characteristics of shrub and litter depth at sage-grouse nests and random (dependent and independent) points in the Virginia Mountains of Nevada during 2009 – 2013. Numbers in parentheses represent standard errors of the means; D, dependent of nest site; I, independent of nest site……. ...24

Maps and Figures Legend 1. Locations of leks and radio-marked sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains of Nevada, 2009 – 2013 ......................25 2. Utilization distribution during spring (March – May) by sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains of Nevada, 2009 – 2013. UD was approximated by using kernel density estimators...............................................................................26 vii

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3. Utilization distribution during summer (June – July) by sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains of Nevada, 2009 – 2013. UD was approximated by using kernel density estimators............................................................................27 4. Cumulative average annual adult survival probabilities for sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains, NV from 2009 – 2013. Solid line represents survival estimate while dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals. ..................28 5. Cumulative average nest survival probabilities for sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains, NV from 2009 – 2013 over a 37-day laying and incubation period. Solid line represents survival estimate while dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals...........................................................................................................................................29 6. Successful and unsuccessful nests of sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains, 2009 – 2013....................................30 7. Overhead substrate of sage-grouse nests in the Virginia Mountains, 2009 – 2013 ..................................................31 8. Mean values (lines represent standard errors) of percent of cover by shrub type at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 m distances from nest sites and random locations, 2009 – 2013. (A) Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.); (B) Other shrubs; (C) Total shrubs. Percent of cover was cumulative with an increase in distance ..........................................32 9. Mean values (lines represent standard errors) of percent of cover by perennial grass and annual grass at nest sites compared to dependent and independent random points, 2009 – 2013. (A) Cover values at the nest or random shrub; (B) Cover values within 10m of the nest or random shrub; (C) Cover values within 25 m of the nest or random shrub. ...............................................................................................................................................33 10. Sequence of still photographs from video recordings of a raven attacking an incubating female sage-grouse and then depredating the eggs within an 8-second period in the Virginia Mountains, Nevada, 2010. (A) the female incubating prior to being stuck by a raven; (B), (C) and (D) harassment of the sage-grouse by the raven; (E) and (F) the raven removing eggs. ........................................................................................................................34 11. Still images from video recordings at sage-grouse nests in the Virginia Mountains, Nevada from 2009 – 2011 of complete nest depredations. Still images depict (A) coyote, (B) American badger, and (C) bobcat. .....................35 viii

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12. Sequence of still photographs from video recordings of a long-tailed weasel entering the nest of an incubating female in the Virginia Mountains, Nevada, 2011. (A) nose of weasel as weasel first enters camera view; (B) weasel approaching female’s head; and (C) weasel harassing female prior to grouse initiating nest defense. .........36 13. Still images from video recordings at a sage-grouse nest in the Virginia Mountains, Nevada in 2009 of a Great Basin gopher snake in a sage-grouse nest. (A) snake placing its mouth on a sage-grouse egg; (B) and (C) snake attempting, but failing, to consume sage-grouse eggs. ...................................................................................36 14. Sequence of still photographs from video recordings of a Great Basin gopher snake entering a sage-grouse nest during hatch in the Virginia Mountains, Nevada 2010. Still images depict (A) sage-grouse incubating moments before snake enters nest; (B) and (C) sage-grouse standing over the snake (snake’s head circled with dashed line) that has captured and is constricting a sage-grouse chick (encircled in solid black); (D) the sage-grouse striking at the snake (head of captured chick encircled in black); (E) following the female grouse’s departure from the nest, an unharmed chick (encircled in black) flees the nest area; and (F) the snake begins to consume the captured chick after constricting it. .......................................................................................................37 15. Sequence of still images from video recordings of a California ground squirrel at a sage-grouse nest in the Virginia Mountains, Nevada, 2010. (A) and (B) ground squirrel manipulating eggs and (C) attempting, unsuccessfully, to bite the egg.. ................................................................................................................................38 16. Cumulative average survival probability for the 50-day brood rearing phase across age of brood in the Virginia Mountains, 2009 – 2013. Dashed line represents 95% confidence interval. ...........................................................39 17. Mean values (lines represent standard errors) for percent of cover types used by brood-rearing female sage-grouse during the day and at night as well as cover types found at brood-dependent random points, 2009 – 2013. .........................................................................................................................................................................40 18. Mean values (lines represent standard errors) of percent cover at 0° and 45° angles (horizontal cover) and at 90° (vertical cover) for day and night brood locations and brood-dependent random locations, 2009 – 2013. .........41 ix

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19. Percent cover (lines represent standard errors of the means) at used-day, used-night, and random dependent locations during 10-day intervals over the 50-day post-hatch period for brood rearing sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains, 2009 – 2013. (A) percent cover by sagebrush (A. tridentata); (B) percent cover by other shrub types; (C) percent cover by all shrubs. ............................................................................................................42 20. Locations of avian predator surveys (n = 1511) and number of ravens detected during April-July in Virginia Mountains, 2009 – 2013. Black dots represent surveys were no ravens were detected.…………………………………………. .........................................................................................................43 x 1

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Study Progress Report 2009 –2013: Monitoring and Research on Greater Sage-Grouse Populations in the Virginia Mountains of Northwestern Nevada Peter S. Coates, Kristy B. Howe, Katie M. Andrle, Michelle L. Fearon, David J. Delehanty, and Michael L. Casazza, U. S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center 1.0 Abstract Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse) have recently been designated as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act; however, in the Great Basin, relationships between habitat selection and population vital rates of sage grouse are not well-understood. The growing development of renewable energy infrastructure within areas inhabited by sage-grouse is thought to change predator composition and alter vegetation communities. For example, common raven (Corvus corax) populations, a synanthropic sage-grouse nest predator, are increasing throughout the western United States as transmission lines and other tall structures used for nesting and perching become more prevalent across the landscape. Our study area, the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada, is a potential site for future wind and solar energy developments. We are investigating the effects of energy development on this sage-grouse population by employing a before-after-control-impact study design. Specifically, we have collected baseline data on space-use, habitat selection, and 2

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population vital rates during the nesting and brood-rearing period over five years for 136 female and 13 male sage-grouse. In addition, we have collected videography at nest sites (n = 39) and conducted avian predator surveys (n = 1,511) to identify sage-grouse nest predators common to this study site. We plan to continue monitoring this population in order to assess in the impacts of energy development on sage-grouse and predator demographics. The results reported here are preliminary and further data is required before conclusions can be drawn from this population of sage-grouse.

2.0 Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), Idaho State University (ISU), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collaborated on an intensive effort to monitor a population of sage-grouse in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada. A portion of the study area is scheduled for development of wind energy and associated transmission infrastructure. Prior to this study, relatively little information was known regarding sage-grouse habitat and predator communities within this area, and these factors may be influenced by anthropogenic-induced changes to the environment. Anthropogenic alterations to the landscape, such as habitat loss and fragmentation resulting from energy exploration and infrastructure development, urbanization and agricultural conversion are primary threats to sage-grouse populations (Connelly and others, 2000). Furthermore, common raven (Corvus corax; hereafter raven) populations, a synanthropic sage-grouse nest predator, are increasing throughout the western United States (Sauer and others, 2011) as transmission lines and other tall structures used for nesting and perching (Steenhof and others, 1993; Knight and Kawashima 1993) become more prevalent across the landscape. Therefore, we initiated a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study design to investigate potential effects of energy development on sage-grouse population vital rates and habitat selection, as well as effects on predator community composition. 3

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The purpose of this ongoing investigation is to collect and interpret empirical baseline data on space-use, habitat selection, and sage-grouse population vital rates during the nesting and brood-rearing period before construction of energy infrastructure, and to then continue to monitor this population after construction to identify the impacts of energy development on sage-grouse demographics. In addition, we are collecting data on predator composition through videography of sage-grouse nests and avian predator surveys. This progress report contains summary data and findings from 2009 through 2013, which represent a portion of the preconstruction years of this ongoing long-term investigation. This progress report presents findings on annual adult survival, nest survival, brood survival, and space use of sage-grouse during the reproductive period. Also presented are analyses which identify habitat characteristics selected by sage-grouse and factors that may influence nest and brood survival. Our report also describes some of our future planned efforts related to this study with respect to monitoring and data analyses.

3.0 Study Area This ongoing study is being conducted within a topographically-complex sagebrush-steppe ecosystem in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada, USA. The study area encompasses approximately 690.7 km² with elevations ranging from 1218–2683 m. Mean annual precipitation is 187.7 mm and temperatures range from 6.8–18.2° C (Western Regional Climate Center). The U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administers the majority of land, 588 km² in the study area, with the remaining portion owned privately (95 km²). The Pyramid Lake Reservation borders the eastern portion of the Virginia Mountains and California borders the west. A sage-grouse hunting season existed in the study area until 2005, when it was discontinued by the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) due to declining sage-grouse numbers in the region. There are only two sage-grouse leks known to be active within the Virginia Mountains. One lek was located at Sheep Springs, near Fish 4

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Springs Ranch on the north slope of the Virginia Mountains. The other lek was located approximately 14 kilometers (km) to the southeast on Spanish Flat, near Tule Peak. Dominant plant communities consist of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) steppe at lower elevations and mountain shrub at higher elevations. Overstory at lower elevations is primarily characterized by big sagebrush (A. tridentata spp.). Other shrub cover consists of Bailey’s greasewood (Sarcobatus baileyi), horsebrush (Tetradymia sp.), and a variety of rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus and Ericameria spp.). Overstory of mountain shrub communities is characterized by big sagebrush and a variety of mountain shrubs, including Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), and antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata). Dominant forbs consist of woolly mules ear (Wyethia mollis), lupine (lupines spp.), and arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata). Singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah Juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands occur throughout the study area. Grasses include bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), Great Basin Wild Rye (Elymus cinereus), needle-and-thread grass (Hesperostipa comata) and Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides). A portion of the study area (84.8 km2) burned during a wildfire in 1999, a fire. Although cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) occurs throughout the study area, this invasive grass is most prevalent in the burned areas.

4.0 Methods 4.1 Lek Surveys Lek counts were conducted according to the USGS lek survey protocol (USGS 2012). Leks were counted at least four times during the spring (March – May). The four counts for each lek were equally spaced in time and overlapped peak male attendance. Lek counts were conducted between 30 minutes before sunrise and 1.5 hours after sunrise. Binoculars and spotting scopes were used to count sage-grouse from a suitable viewing location that afforded a view of the entire lek. A total of three counts 5

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were conducted at 10-min intervals, and the highest count was reported for each survey. For some leks, flushing was necessary to count individuals because the vegetation cover was too dense to adequately detect the birds. Flushing was always preceded by a scanning count, as described above. 4.2 Capturing and Handling Sage-Grouse We closely followed USGS protocol for capturing and handling sage-grouse (USGS 2012). During 2008–2013, we captured sage-grouse during the spring (March – May), summer (June – July), and fall (September) months. We located sage-grouse after sunset and before sunrise with spotlights and captured them with long-handled nets and hand-held net launching devices (SuperTalon®, Advanced Weapons Technology, La Quinta, CA). Sage-grouse were equipped with battery powered necklace-style Very High Frequency (VHF) transmitters (<3% body mass, 1 – 1.8 kg, Schroeder and others, 1999; Advanced Telemetry Systems, Isanti, Minnesota) with mortality sensors. Captured sage-grouse were weighed and multiple morphometric measurements, including tarsus and culmen length, were recorded to calculate a body condition index. Blood was extracted from the brachial vein for DNA analyses. Age classification was based on plumage characteristics of the 9th and 10th

primaries (Ammann 1944). Sage-grouse were classified as juvenile (pre-breeding), yearling (first year breeding), or adult (>1 breeding year). Plumage photographs (both extended wings, retrices, breast, and head profile) were taken for each sage-grouse. Sage-grouse were processed within 30 minutes of capture and released at their capture location. 4.3 Monitoring Sage-Grouse We conducted intensive on-the-ground monitoring of sage-grouse movement, survivorship, and reproduction following release during 2009–2013. All telemetry procedures were conducted according to the USGS sage-grouse VHF telemetry protocol (USGS 2012). We used a three-element Yagi antenna 6

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(Advanced Telemetry Systems Inc., Isanti, MN) and portable receiver (Communication Specialist Inc., Orange, CA) to track radio-marked sage-grouse. We minimized relocation error by circling each grouse at a radius of 30 – 50 m. After determining the location of the bird being tracked, we approximated the distance and recorded the azimuth from the observer’s location (recorded using GPS) to estimate the location coordinates (Universal Transverse Mercator) of the bird. Throughout the nesting and brood-rearing period, we attempted to locate female sage-grouse at least twice per week. Aerial fixed-wing telemetry flights were conducted to locate sage-grouse that could not otherwise be located from the ground. Additional flights were conducted after summer field work was complete to identify fall and winter use areas and determine seasonal mortality rates. We estimated utilization distributions (UDs; Kernohan and others, 2001), which interpolate animal use of space across unknown areas based on the distribution and density of known location telemetry data (Worton 1989). These UDs allow for estimation of the total area used by individual sage-grouse, while accounting for the imperfect monitoring effort that is common to radio-telemetry studies. To calculate UDs, we used a kernel density estimator with a likelihood based technique to estimate the most appropriate smoothing parameter (Horne and Garton 2009). Using 2009–2013 location data for all VHF-collared sage-grouse, UDs were calculated at the population level for spring (March – May) and summer (June – July). We chose not to calculate UDs for each individual because of limitations in relocations per individual during the spring period. We defined the regional core use area as the 50% contour (isopleth) from the UD and the home-range as the 95% contour. We visually determined if a sage-grouse was nesting when the radio-marked bird was found at the same location multiple times during the early nesting period, (Coates and Delehanty 2010). Nests were 7

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monitored ≥3 times per week until their fate was determined. Nests were classified as successful when ≥1 chicks hatched. Nests were also scored as depredated, partially depredated, or abandoned. In addition to monitoring nests with radio telemetry, we installed camouflaged micro-cameras with time-lapsed digital video recorders (DVR) on 39 nests (n = 6, 2009; n = 16, 2010; n = 17, 2011). The primary purpose of cameras was to identify nest predators (Holloran and Anderson, 2003; Coates and others, 2008). Another purpose was to identify factors that influence patterns of incubation (Coates and Delehanty, 2008). Cameras were placed approximately 0.5 m from the nest bowl, which aided in unambiguous identification of animal encounters and sage-grouse behavior. Cameras and video recorders were removed immediately following nest depredation, abandonment, or hatching. We sought to reduce human scent by wearing gloves and using scent-masking spray. 4.4 Estimating Adult Annual Survival, Nest Survival, and Brood Survival We employed the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach to estimate cumulative survival probabilities for adults, nests and broods. We estimated model parameters for all analyses in program R (R Development Core Team, 2008) using package ‘RMark’ (Laake and Rexstad 2008). We developed a monthly encounter history for adult sage-grouse using telemetry data that included the date of capture, last date known to be alive, and fate (confirmed mortality or censored). A censored bird is either still alive or its fate is unknown. We used these data to calculate cumulative annual survival probabilities. We estimated cumulative average nest survival probabilities and modeled survival as a function of nest-specific habitat characteristics. We developed an encounter history of individual nests based on the date each nest was found, last checked, and the fate determined, and coupled those histories with habitat characteristics as explanatory variables (White and Burnham 1999). We estimated the effects of year and nest-level habitat characteristics as additive terms in the models and evaluated the improvement 8

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over a null model (intercept-only, no covariates) using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC; Anderson 2008). Following the completion of a successful nest, we monitored female sage-grouse with broods every ten days at day and night locations for up to 50 days. During most surveys we counted the number of surviving chicks in the brood. To confirm unsuccessful broods and prevent false negative values, an additional search for chicks was conducted within 48 hours of finding females without broods. We reported preliminary findings by estimating cumulative brood survival probabilities across a 50-day period using the same methods as was used to determine nest survival. We will conduct a more intensive investigation of survival covariates with additional data from subsequent years of study. Our preliminary results include estimated survival probabilities for a 10-day interval and cumulative across the 50-day period. 4.5 Nest Site Vegetation We closely followed USGS protocol for measuring nest vegetation variables in the field (USGS 2012). Following nest fate, we measured visual obstruction at the nest bowl using a coverboard (modified from Jones 1968). Measurements were taken at 2 m from the board at 0, 45, and 90° angles from the board. Board direction from the nest bowl was randomly assigned for the first set of measurements, and a total of three measurement sets were taken, with each separated by a 120° rotation of the coverboard. Horizontal cover was measured using the 0 and 45° angle measurements (Jones 1968, Ritchie and others, 1994). Vertical cover was measured using the 90°, and total cover was measured using all three angles combined. We also measured vegetation composition cover at multiple subplots (20 × 50 cm) located ≤25 m from each nest using the Daubenmire method (Daubenmire 1959). We measured canopy cover using the line intercept method (Canfield 1941) along two 25-m transects, one 50-m transect, and one 100-m transect extending from the nest bowl. We recorded shrub species, crown width (cm), and 9

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height (cm) of a random sample of individual shrubs along the intercept line to quantify shrub cover. Measurements were recorded within 5 m, 10 m, and 25 m from the nest for all four transect lines, within 50 m for the two 50-m transect lines, and within 100 m for the 100-m transect line. The purpose of the different transect lengths was to assess habitat selection at increasingly large concentric circles around the nest to identify the spatial scale of use for shrub cover within a 100 m radius. To examine nest site habitat selection, defined as use disproportionate to availability (Manly and others, 2002), we compared means and confidence intervals of the vegetation measurements at sites with nests to those at random locations. To characterize available vegetation, we generated random points throughout the study site and conducted the same habitat measurements at those locations centered at the nearest shrub. We evaluated evidence for multi-scale selection by generating two random points for each nest. Dependent random points were generated within 500 m of the nest and represented habitat characteristics surrounding the nest. Independent random points were generated using a GIS prior to the field season, and these points represented habitat characteristics available across the study area. The boundary of the study area was established using a minimum convex polygon from all used locations. This design has two advantages: 1) inferences can be made about sage-grouse habitat selection at the individual level by comparing the used locations to dependent random locations, and 2) inferences can be made at the population level by comparing the used point to the independent random point. This study is ongoing and preliminary analyses should be interpreted with caution. 4.6 Brood-Rearing Vegetation We completed microhabitat surveys at each brood location every 10 days. Surveys were conducted at day, night, and random point locations. To accurately relocate a site where a brood was observed, the telemetry point was recorded by GPS, and a photograph of the immediate area was taken. 10

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We conducted similar habitat measurements for brood locations (USGS 2012) as was conducted at nests (i.e. coverboard, Daubenmire and line-intercept). However, the maximum extent for a transect line at brood locations was 25 m. Canopy cover was measured along three 25 m transects extending from the brood location every 120° with random orientation. We measured the crown width (cm) and height (cm) of each shrub species along the three transects within 5 m, 10 m, and 25 m from the brood location. We conducted vegetation measurements at 10-day intervals to evaluate vegetation change in relation to brood location through time. We also evaluated differences in habitat use between night (roosting) and day (foraging) locations. To characterize habitat availability we carried out the same habitat measurements at dependent random points relative to day locations. 4.7 Avian Predator Monitoring We followed USGS predator survey protocol for common raven (Corvus corax; hereafter ravens) and raptor surveys (USGS 2012) between mid-April and late-July. We conducted visual surveys (using binoculars and unaided eyes) for each sage-grouse nest location from a distance of approximately 50 – 100 m. Surveys were conducted over a 10-min period wherein all four directional quadrants around the nest were scanned for an equal amount of time. For each avian predator detected, the time, bearing, and distance from the survey point when first detected (determined with a rangefinder) was recorded, and all birds were classified to species. We randomized the time of survey between one half hour before sunrise and one half hour following sunset to account for bias related with time of day. The same survey technique was carried out at random points as well. Randomized surveys will be used to estimate raven and raptor densities by habitat type across the study site using Program Distance (Thomas et al. 2010).

5.0 Preliminary Results 5.1 Lek Surveys 11

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In 2013, the two leks were confirmed active (three counts of ≥3 males). A third potential lek discovered in 2011 (West Cottonwood) was designated as inactive in 2012 and 2013. The high counts for males on active leks in 2013 were 34 (Spanish Flat) and 20 (Sheep Springs). These numbers are substantially lower than counts from previous years. For example, the high counts for males on active leks in 2012 were 72 (Spanish Flat) and 34 (Sheep Springs), which were similar to counts from previous years. 5.2 Sage-grouse Space-Use We monitored a total of 149 sage-grouse with VHF transmitters during 2008 − 2013. The total number of males and females tracked by radio telemetry were 13 and 136, respectively (Table 1). Most sage-grouse were relocated in the Spanish Flat area (Figure 1). From 2009 to 2013, the core area of sage-grouse activity (50% UD) during spring (March –May) was 2,308 ha and 1,215 ha for summer (June – July) (Figures 2 & 3), according to pooled telemetry locations. The population level home range (95% UD) encompassed 12,631 ha during spring and 7,363 ha during summer. In each year, the core area was located at Spanish Flat. Sage-grouse captured from both lek sites used this area before moving to wintering areas. The majority of individual home ranges throughout spring and summer overlapped within the Spanish Flat area, indicating relatively less use of the Sheep Springs area. 5.3 Sage-grouse Survival Cumulative annual adult survival probability during 2009–2013 was 56.3% (95% CI, 48.0 – 63.8%; Figure 4). In 2013, we recovered 19 sage-grouse mortalities that were banded and fitted with transmitters. Assumed cause of death included depredation by mammalian predators (n = 7), avian predators (n = 3), and unknown causes (n = 9). During 2012, we located five dead sage-grouse, all banded and equipped with transmitters. All mortalities were located to the east of Spanish Flat lek within the foothills of Tule Ridge. The average distance of the mortalities to the lek site was 2.4 ± 0.3 km (mean ± SE). One mortality was located on 12

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the eastern slope of Tule Ridge at a relatively high elevation. No mortalities were located near the Sheep Springs lek. Three mortalities appeared to be caused by mammalian predators, and one mortality appeared to be caused by an avian predator. Carcass remains are used to infer the cause of a mortality, however, carcasses are often scavenged by other carnivores, thus obscuring evidence of the initial predator’s identity. For study years 2009–2011, 19 sage-grouse mortalities were found, all banded and fitted with transmitters. Presumed causes of death included mammalian predators (n = 6), avian predators (n = 4), unknown predators (n = 1), anthropogenic structure collisions (n = 2), and unknown causes (n = 6). 5.4 Nest Survival Cumulative average nest survival probability for the 37-day egg-laying and incubation phase for study years 2009 – 2011 and 2013 was 28.9% (95% CI, 18.7 – 40.0%; Figure 5). We did not use 2012 data in this survival estimation because we found very few nests in 2012 and nests were initially located during later stages of incubation due to field logistic constraints. Including these nests into the analysis may bias the estimation high because daily nest survival probabilities have been shown to increase as incubation progresses (Coates and Delehanty, 2010). In five years, 96 sage-grouse nests were monitored (Figure 6). Of these, we documented 45 successful nests (first attempt = 37, second attempt = 8) and 51 failed nests (first attempt = 48, second attempt = 3), of which we were able to determine that 39 were depredated (first attempt =36, second attempt = 3). Four nests were partially depredated with ≥1 chick hatched. Signals were lost for several female sage-grouse during the study, perhaps because of radio failure or movement away from the region. The remaining radio-collared female sage-grouse did not attempt to nest, or nests were depredated prior to our detection during the laying period. We did not document third nesting attempts. 5.5 Nest Habitat Selection 13

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Our preliminary findings suggest shrubs selected for nesting were larger in height, width, and perpendicular width, and contained greater litter depth than shrubs measured at random locations (Table 2). Females nested under various cover types. If multiple cover types were present at the nest site, the dominant species or structure occupying the greatest proportion of the nest was used as the main cover type. The most commonly used overhead nest cover was shrubs, but a rock outcrop (n = 1) and a juniper (n = 1) were also selected for nest cover (Figure 7). The most frequently used shrub species were big sagebrush (29%) and rabbitbrush (21%). Other vegetation included snowberry, bunchgrass, horsebrush, greasewood, bitterbrush, ephedra, serviceberry, dead sagebrush, three-tip sagebrush, black sagebrush, low sagebrush, winterfat, and choke cherry (Figure 7). Preliminary results are reported as means (± Standard Error) of vegetation measurements for nest sites and random points. Although all species of sagebrush were selected as the nesting shrub 35% of the time, the average sagebrush cover within 100 m of the nest was only 4.6 ± 0.8% (14.2 ± 1.0% of the total shrub cover). Conversely, non-sagebrush shrub species were being selected for across all spatial scales of use (Figure 8). Additionally, in comparing nest locations with random dependent and random independent locations, mean sagebrush cover within 100 m was 4.7 ± 0.8% and 3.6 ± 0.6% (respectively), which further suggests lack of selection for overall sagebrush cover. Our preliminary results suggest that sage-grouse are selecting for predominantly big sagebrush for the nest shrub and greater non-sagebrush shrub cover at the 5 m, 10 m, 25 m, 50 m, and 100 m scales. When comparing the available habitat at both spatial scales (dependent and independent), we found evidence for avoidance of annual cheatgrass at the nest (used= 5.1 ± 0.8%; dependent= 7.4 ± 1.1%; independent= 11.6 ± 1.6%). However, we did not find a significant difference in selection of perennial grass cover at nesting sites between the used and independent locations. Thus, our preliminary results indicate females do not select for perennial grasses and avoid annual grasses, especially 14

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cheatgrass, at the nest site. We did not distinguish cheatgrass from other annual grasses; however, we assume cheatgrass to be a majority of the annual grass category based on field observations. This effect is reduced as the distance from the nest increases (Figure 9). 5.6 Sage-grouse Nest Videography Thirty-nine nests were video-monitored during 2009 (n = 6), 2010 (n = 16), and 2011 (n = 17). Nest depredations, partial nest depredations, and successful hatches were recorded. We calculated nest survival for video-monitored nests in the same manner as described for all nests in Section 4.4. The reason for calculating survival of video-monitored nests both together and separately from all nests was to determine if video-monitored nests are more or less likely to fail. Nest survival across all video-monitored nests for all years was 43.7 ± 0.1% (means ± SE), with yearly survival rates of: 22.2% ± 0.1 (2009), 35.0% ± 0.1 (2010), 60.6% ± 0.1 (2011). Successful hatching was recorded at 21 nests. Predator activity was recorded at 17 nests, of which 15 nests were depredated and 2 nests were partially depredated. Both partially depredated nests still hatched ≥1 egg following the event. Depredation was the primary cause of sage-grouse nest failure. Nest predators were avian, mammalian, and reptilian. Predation of both eggs and chicks were recorded at the nest. Ravens were the most frequent sage-grouse nest predator in the Virginia Mountains, accounting for 46.7% of nest depredations. Equipment failure occurred at the remaining 3 nests, and nest fate was not recorded. Ravens (n = 7) were the most frequent nest predator identified by video-monitoring in our study and caused partial (n = 3) and full (n = 4) depredation. Ravens were the only nest predator for which we observed complete egg removal with no eggshell fragments or other remains left in the nest. Ultimately, all females abandoned the remaining eggs following partial depredation by ravens. We did not observe female grouse defending nests following discovery by ravens. One raven depredation occurred while the 15

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female was absent from the nest. The remaining depredations involved ravens flushing the incubating female from the nest. In one situation, a raven violently struck an incubating female and continued to harass the female beyond the nest bowl before removing eggs (Figure 10). Timing of raven depredation varied (range, 07:06 – 18:31 hours). Depredations by coyotes (Figure 11A) occurred on three occasions resulting in complete nest failure. All coyote depredations were nocturnal, taking place from 21:31 – 23:50 hours. In each instance, incubating females flushed from the nest, escaped capture by coyotes, and did not attempt to defend nests. In two coyote depredations, eggshells were left mostly intact except for large holes in their sides and were scattered within a 10 m radius of the nest bowl. The third coyote depredation left two empty eggshells with holes in the side, and the fragments of crushed eggs within 5 m of the nest. We documented two badger nest depredations (Figure 11B) and both resulted in complete nest failure. Incubating females flushed from the nests at 04:45 and 05:44 hours, respectively, did not attempt to defend nests, and were not captured by the badger. One badger depredation left three crushed eggshells, partially buried in the nest bowl, and five eggshells with large holes in the sides or ends. The shells were scattered within 5 m of the nest bowl. In the other badger depredation, the badger consumed all but one egg during the night and then returned at 08:04 in the morning and removed the remaining whole egg from the nest bowl. One nest was depredated by a bobcat (Figure11C). At 02:04 hours, the incubating grouse flushed from the nest. The grouse did not appear to defend her nest and was not captured by the bobcat. The 16

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bobcat cautiously entered the view of the camera shortly after the grouse flushed and consumed the contents of every egg (n = 8). Long-tailed weasels were recorded at two sage-grouse nest sites, both of which led to partial depredations. At 07:51 a weasel entered the camera view of one nest (Figure 12) and the incubating grouse stood, but did not leave the nest bowl area. The female appeared to be defending her nest, but during the encounter one egg from the clutch was moved beyond the camera field of view. No egg remains were located near the nest site. The female resumed incubation following the encounter and continued to incubate for 18 more days before the nest failed due to depredation by an unknown predator. The second partial weasel depredation occurred at 05:06 as eggs were hatching. The grouse stood but did not flush and appeared to defend her nest. Ultimately, the female left the nest and our subsequent examination of nest remains identified one eggshell from a hatched egg and eggshell fragments from crushed eggshells. Subsequently, we located the female and found her brooding one chick. On two occasions Great Basin gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) entered sage-grouse nest bowls. On the first occasion (Figure 13A), during an incubation recess, a gopher snake of approximately 1 m length entered the nest bowl at 12:20 hours and attempted to consume eggs (Figure 13B and C) for approximately 1 hour. Ultimately, the female abandoned the nest and no eggs hatched. At a different nest, a gopher snake encounter occurred at 11:11 hours following the hatching of four chicks. The female sage-grouse was incubating the remaining single un-hatched egg prior to the arrival of the 1 m long snake (Figure 14A). During the interaction, the snake captured a chick (Figure 14B and 17

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14C), constricting the chick while fighting with the defending female grouse (Figure 14D). Eventually, the female left the nest bowl with the remaining three chicks (Figure 14E). The snake consumed the constricted chick (Figure 14F) in the nest bowl then attempted to consume the un-hatched egg, but was unsuccessful. Many small rodents were documented visiting sage-grouse nests including California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), least chipmunks (Tamias minimus), Great Basin pocket mice (Perognathus parvus), kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.), and other encounters with mice and voles that could not be identified accurately. Rodents were recorded at nest locations only while the female was absent from the nest during an incubation recess or after nest termination. Most encounters involved a quick dash through the nest bowl with the occasional feeding on broken eggshells. On two occasions, ground squirrels were adept at manipulating sage-grouse eggs (Figure 15A), but were unable to bite into whole eggs (Figure 15B and 15C), presumably due to a limited gape width. No rodents were documented flushing female sage-grouse from nests. 5.7 Brood Survival During 2009 through 2013, 47 broods were monitored. Twenty-four females with broods were confirmed successful (≥1 chick survived to 50-days post-hatch) and 16 broods failed. Of the 16 unsuccessful females, 11 were confirmed as failed on or before the 25-day post-hatch interval. The remaining seven broods could not be relocated to determine survival at 50-day post-hatch; therefore, their fate is unknown. The 10-day interval brood survival probability was 93.6% (95% CI = 88.5–96.5%) for 2009 through 2013. The cumulative average brood survival probability for 50-day brood rearing phase 18

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(probability of success through the brood rearing period) was 71.8% (95% CI = 54.3–83.8%, Figure 16) for 2009 through 2013. 5.8 Brood-Rearing Habitat Selection Habitat use within 25 m of a brood-rearing sage-grouse shows evidence of greater selection for perennial forbs during the day (13.0 ± 0.7%) and lower selection of forbs at night (9.7 ± 0.7%) compared with random locations (Figure 17). We also found evidence of avoidance of perennial grass at the used location at night (used (night) = 6.0 ± 0.7%) compared to the used day location (used (day) = 8.7 ± 1.0%; random (day) = 11.7 ± 1.5%). Brood-rearing females also appeared to avoid annual grasses at all times (used (day) = 6.1 ± 0.8%, used (night) = 5.0 ± 0.6%, random = 7.0 ± 0.8%); however, the differences were not significant. In general, conclusive differences were not found for selection of vegetative cover (excluding perennial forbs) for broods during the day when compared to random points. Conversely, a general trend suggests that brood-rearing hens are selecting against cover at night and are roosting on bare ground (night = 39.1 ± 3.1%, random = 28.6 ± 2.9%; Figure 17). Although brood-rearing sage-grouse show no preference for daytime locations with greater vegetative cover, the coverboard data indicates a selection for greater horizontal cover (0° and 45°) at day used locations and less horizontal cover at night used locations than would be expected to occur at random (used (day) = 50.9 ± 1.5%; used (night) = 41.9 ± 1.75%; random = 47.1 ± 2.1%; Figure 18). In contrast, vertical cover (measured at a 90° angle) did not appear to be a significant factor in brood site selection when compared to random points (Figure 18). However, a comparison between day and night locations indicates a difference does exist for all angles measured (0°, 45°, and 90°). We found that brood-rearing sage-grouse select for over-all cover during the day and select against over-all cover at night at the immediate brood location (Figure 19). Day and night canopy cover selection also may be 19

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occurring within 25 m of brood locations (Figure 19), however, additional data samples will be required to test this relationship. 5.9 Avian Predator Surveys During March – August, 2009 – 2013, we conducted 1,511 raven and raptor surveys throughout the Virginia Mountains study site (Figure 20). In total, we recorded 1,184 raven and 933 raptor detections. Raptor species included, Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) (n = 177), Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) (n = 139), American kestrel (Falco sparverius) (n = 112), Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) (n = 90), Northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) (n = 72), Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni) (n = 49), prairie falcon (n = 15), and 278 unidentified raptors. Raptor species observed only once included White-tailed kite (Elanus leucurus), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), Great-horned owl (Bubo virginianus), Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis), and Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii). Of the surveys, 519 detected no birds, nine detected Black-billed magpies (Pica hudsonia) (n = 17), eight detected Common nighthawks (Chordeiles mino) (n = 22), and 96 detected 146 unidentified bird species. Of the surveys, 773 detected ravens and/or raptors (51.1%) and 293 detected ravens only (19.4%). Of the surveys that detected ravens, 203 detected only one raven per survey (26.3%), 135 detected two ravens, likely territorial pairs (17.5%), and 112 detected between three and 10 ravens, likely pairs with broods, fledged broods, or small juvenile flocks (14.5%). Only 12 surveys observed more than 10 ravens (n = 11, 12, 12, 14, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 21, 44 and 58 ravens, respectively) which were likely large groups of juvenile and/or unpaired adult birds (Figure 20). These observations of more than 10 ravens occurred during 2009, 2010 and 2013. The greatest number of ravens observed during a single survey in 2011and 2012 was nine and seven, respectfully.

6.0 Acknowledgments 20

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This research was part of a cooperative effort with U.S. Geological Survey, Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), Idaho State University (ISU), and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. We thank S. Espinosa and C. Hampson with NDOW for their expertise, logistical support, and assistance with data collection efforts. We thank Bureau of Land Management for ongoing support, especially P. Zieglar. We thank M. Meshiry, J. Sweeney, S. Murphy, B. Prochazka, and V. Johnson for their time spent entering data, and performing analyses. Winnemucca Ranch, Big Canyon Ranch, and Fish Springs Ranch provided access onto their private land as well as housing for field crews. We are extremely grateful to J. Dudko, S. Lockwood, K. Buckles, R. Piles, N. Kelly and numerous other field technicians and volunteers for their diligence collecting data in the field.21

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7.0 References Cited Ammann, G.A., 1944, Determining the age of pinnated and sharp-tailed grouse: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 8, p.170–171. Coates, P.S., and Delehanty, D.J., 2008, Effects of environmental factors on incubation patterns of greater sage-grouse: The Condor, v. 110, p. 627–638. Coates, P.S., Connelly, J.W., and Delehanty, D.J., 2008, Predators of greater sage-grouse nests identified by video monitoring: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 79, p. 421–428. Coates, P.S., and Delehanty, D.J., 2010, Nest predation of greater sage-grouse in relation to microhabitat factors and predators: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, p. 240–248. Connelly, J.W., Schroeder, M.A., Sands, A.R., and Braun, C.E., 2000, Guidelines to manage sage grouse populations and their habitats: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 967–985. Daubenmire, R.F., 1959, A canopy-coverage method of vegetation analysis: Northwest Science, v. 33, p. 224–227. Holloran, M.J., and Anderson, S.H., 2003, Direct identification of northern sage-grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, nest predators using remote sensing cameras: The Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 117, p. 308–310. Horne, J.S., and Garton, E.O., 2009, Animal Space Use 1.3 [software, beta test version]: Moscow, Idaho, University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Dr. Edward O. Garton Web page, accessed August 6, 2010, at http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/population_ecology/animal_space_use.htm. Jones, R.E., 1968, A board to measure cover used by prairie grouse: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 32, p. 28–31. Kernohan, B. J., Gitzen, R.A., and Millspaugh, J.J., 2001, Analysis of animal space use and movements, in Millspaugh, J.J., and Marzluff, J.M., eds., Radio Tracking Animal Populations: Academic Press, San Diego, California. Knight, R. L., and Kawashima, J. Y., 1993, Responses of raven and red-tailed hawk populations to linear right-of-ways: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, p. 266–271. Laake, J., and Rexstad, E., 2008, RMark–an alternative approach to building linear models. in Cooch, E., and G. White, eds., Program MARK - “a gentle introduction”: http://www.phidot.org/software/mark/docs/book 22

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Manly, F.J., McDonald, L.L., Thomas, D.L., McDonald, T.L., and Erickson, W.P., 2002, Resource selection by animals: statistical design and analysis for field studies: Second edition. Kluwer Press, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. R Development Core Team, 2008, R: A language and environment for statistical computing: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org. Ritchie, M. E., Wolfe, M. L., and Danvir, R., 1994, Predation of artificial sage grouse nests in treated and untreated sagebrush: Great Basin Naturalist, v. 54, p. 122–129. Sauer, J. R., Hines, J. E., Fallon, J. E., Pardieck, K. L., Ziolkowski. Jr. D. J., and Link, W. A., 2012, The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 – 2011: Version 03.23.2011 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD. Schroeder, M. A., Young, J. R., and Braun, C. E., 1999, Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), in Poole, A., ed., The birds of North America online, no. 425: Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell Lab of Ornithology, accessed April 18, 2011, at http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/425. Steenhof, K., Kochert, M. N., and Roppe, J. A., 1993, Nesting by raptors and common ravens on electrical transmission line towers: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, p. 271–281. Thomas, L., Buckland, S.T., Rexstad, E.A., Laake, J.L., Strindberg, S., Hedley, S.L., Bishop, J.R.B., Marques, T.A., and Burnham, K.P., 2010, Distance software—Design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 47, p. 5–14. USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Greater Sage-grouse Project, Nevada: General information and protocols for field operations and monitoring, 2012 edition: Dixon, CA Worton, B.J., 1989, Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home-range studies: Ecology, v. 70, p. 164–168. 23

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8.0 Tables Table 1. Number of sage-grouse, listed by sex and age class, radio-monitored in the Virginia Mountains of Nevada during 2009 – 2013. Sex Age 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Males Adult 4 1 0 0 0 Yearling 1 3 0 1 3 Females Adult18 12 23 14 15 Yearling 6 11 15 12 10 Total 29 27 38 27 28 Table 2. Mean values for vegetation characteristics of shrub and litter depth at sage-grouse nests and random (dependent and independent) points in the Virginia Mountains of Nevada during 2009 – 2013. Numbers in parentheses represent standard errors of the means; D, dependent of nest site; I, independent of nest site.

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Point Greatest height (cm)

Greatest width (cm)

Perpendicular width (cm)

Litter depth (cm)

Nest 73.7 (2.4) 123.8 (4.5) 94.2 (3.6) 2.2(0.1) Random (D) 60.0 (2.4) 103.5 (4.2) 80.7 (3.7) 0.2(0.1) Random (I) 67.8 (2.7) 108.7 (4.5) 87.2 (4.1) 0.6(0.1)

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Project 22 Mule Deer and Other Big Game Protection (Statewide) Details

Priority Bighorn Release Sites & Mule Deer Habitats Targeted For Lethal Predator Removal for the remainder of FY 2014 and 2015.

County Location Hunt Units Biologist* Species Notes

Elko Ellen D 74 Huebner Cougar Rock Mtn Bighorn Herd

Esmeralda Candelarias 208 Salisbury Cougar Desert Bighorn Released

Eureka Diamond 144 Podborny Cougar Mule Deer

Mineral Gabbs Valley Range 205 Salisbury Cougar Desert Bighorn Released

Excelsiors 206 Salisbury Cougar Desert Bighorn Released

Washoe Coleman Canyon 11 Hampson Cougar California Bighorn Released on:

Granites 14 Hampson Cougar/Coyote Mule Deer - Project 18 (FY 2014 only)

Hays Canyon 13 Hampson Cougar California Bighorn Released on:

Massacre Rim 11 Hampson Cougar California Bighorn Released on:

White Pine Snakes 114/115 Baughman Cougar Rocky Mountain Bighorn concerns

1st Priority Areas in Red 2nd Priority Areas in Yellow 3rd Priority Areas in Blue

* Check with NDOW biologists prior to lethal predator removal treatment to get most up-to-date preferred treatment locations.

Sub Project 22-14 Diamond-Roberts Mule Deer Fawns (Area 14) Details No additional detail available at this time.

Sub Project 22-01 Massacre California Bighorn Releases (Area 1) Details No additional detail available at this time.

Sub Project 22-074 Rocky Mtn Bighorn – Badlands (Unit 074) Details No additional detail available at this time.

Sub Project 22-205/207 Gabbs V.R. Des. Bighorn Rel. (U 205,207) Details No additional detail available at this time.

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Project 25 Coyote Mule Deer Predator / Prey Analysis (Areas 16,17) Details

NDOW-USU COYOTE ECOLOGY GRANT AMMENDMENT State: Nevada Grant Title: Nevada Department of Wildlife /Utah State University Coyote Ecology Study Grant Number: W-68-R-1 (F10AF00650) Project Duration: July 1, 2010 – August 12, 2015 Interim Report Due Date: September 28, 2014 INTRODUCTION This was initially identified as a 5-year project starting in 2010. There was $100,000/year identified with a 25% state match and a 75% federal (WSFR) match for a total of $500,000. WSFR funds were used for years 1, 2 and 4. The 3rd year the project was entirely funded using state funds. For FY15, it is requested that WSFR funding again provides 75% or $75,000. In FY11 the study design and implementation was initiated in Central Nevada. From FY11 through FY14 32 adult coyotes were radio-collared and 22 pups were ear-tagged, movements and behavior were analyzed and prey abundance and distribution surveys were conducted. Coyote prey ecology data analyses was initiated in FY13. Plans for FY15 are to continue with monitoring, surveys, analyses and publishing of scientific results. NEED Food availability is likely the single most important factor driving coyote (Canis latrans) biology. While the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is perhaps one of the better known coyote prey species, coyotes are generalist predators. Their diets consist of hunted prey of several species (Lagomorphs, Rodents, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Insects, etc), carrion, vegetation, and mast, though they generally consume whatever is most readily available. Coyotes often switch from one prey source to another depending on food availability (Hamlin et al 1984). The capacity to consume a wide ranging diet and the loss of the gray wolf across much of its historic range has facilitated the growth of the coyote range which presently spans from Mexico to Alaska and from Florida to Maine. This study is designed to understand coyote ecology in central Nevada in terms of how food availability affects abundance, home range size and litter size of the species. Controversial carnivore kill activities are being conducted throughout the western United States and in the State of Nevada. Therefore, understanding coyote population dynamics, the role of food availability, and diet are essential for effective ecosystem

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management. Wildlife managers need a better understanding of coyote ecology to determine how the species interacts with its environment, how it impacts ecosystems by providing ecological services (e.g. trophic cascade service of improving forage quality and quantity on mule deer winter range by consuming black-tailed jackrabbits [Lepus californicus], how the coyote may be impacted by abundance of food (i.e. sagebrush vole [Lemmiscus curtatus], American deer mouse [Peromyscus maniculatus], piñon mouse [Peromyscus truei] , black-tailed jackrabbit, mule deer, pronghorn [Antilocapra Americana], carrion and mast), and the conditions under which changes in coyote population abundance/demography may change abundance of mule deer and other game populations and/or trigger changes in wildlife habitat conditions. The sole intent of this research is to provide managers with the tools to maintain healthy and thriving native ecosystems with a complex and diverse mix of wildlife species and wildlife habitats. This project proposal is for five years ending in FY2015 on 12 August 2015. PURPOSE and OBJECTIVES The purpose is determine how coyote abundance, diet, productivity, and home range are influenced by the availability of prey and the quality of habitat within 4 basins located in central Nevada. This knowledge will help Nevada Department of Wildlife and public land managers make effective, ecologically sound decisions when it comes to managing wildlife species and wildlife habitats in the future. Specific Objectives (Research Questions) are as follows:

1. How does the availability of lagomorphs and small mammals influence coyote abundance, diet, and home range size?

2. What is the productivity of coyotes in central Nevada and how do these levels differ among the 4 study sites?

EXPECTED RESULTS Implications for management of wildlife populations/habitats include: Improved success of game population management is a potential result of an improved understanding of coyote dietary preference, coyote productivity and prey switching capabilities. Improved understanding of coyote population dynamics and resource partitioning could improve our ability to manage wildlife habitats for optimum wildlife productivity statewide (Shivik 1995). APPROACH Coyote Capture

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We will capture, radio collar, and release 30-40 coyotes from 2011 to 2014. Coyote captures will be conducted from mid-May to February of each year. We will capture coyotes using Victor No. 3 Soft Catch and 1.75 foothold traps or cable restraints and/or using a helicopter net gun approach. Coyotes will be immobilized with 10 mg/kg of ketamine mixed with 1 mg/kg of xylazine. Pictures will be taken of the left, right, and side views of the teeth to determine age by tooth wear. Individuals will be fitted either with a 280-g necklace Global Positioning System (GPS) collar and a 145-g Very High Frequency (VHF) collar (GPS collar model G2C 181B,VHF collar model V5C 271B, Sirtrack®, Havelock, New Zealand). The GPS collars are out-fitted with a mortality signal that is programmed to turn on when coyotes are still for >2 hours. They have a battery life of 730 days, and will collect 6 points a day at different times (1800, 2200, 2400, 0200, 0600, and 1200 hours); in addition they have a VHF transmitter with battery a life of 730 days. The VHF collars have a mortality signal and a battery life of 1,825 days. The first 15 healthy adult coyotes captured will receive both collars. Coyote Monitoring We will monitor coyotes with GPS and VHF collars for 2 years. GPS units will automatically detach after being deployed 2 years. After detachment or in the case of coyote mortality, we will locate the GPS collar using Communications Specialists receivers and 3-way Yagi antennas (Communications Specialists, Orange, California). We will also locate coyotes once their GPS collars have fallen off so that they can be recaptured and re-collared. Telemetry will be performed when conducting other surveys in each study site to determine presence or absence of each radio-collared animal and determine a general location. Data from the GPS collars will be used to assess home range size, seasonal variation, and habitat use. Coyote Abundance Scat transects will be used to determine coyote abundance. Four 1-km transects will be randomly selected from an ArcMap layer for each study site on existing roads. All transects will be walked once every 30 days from May through August. All scats will be counted and collected for diet analysis. Scat deposition rates will be standardized by the number of days between surveys and transect length. Passive-tracking indices will also be used to determine coyote abundance. Lightly traveled roads will be randomly selected in ArcMap for plot placement. Every 0.8 km along selected roads, we will sweep a plot clear of debris and fill it in with nearby loose soil. Plots will be checked for tracks and cleared every morning for 3 days. We will conduct these transects 3 consecutive days each month from May and September. We will also use our radio-collared coyotes to assess abundance using a modified capture-recapture Jolly Seber method. Coyote Productivity Between November and February, coyote calling contests are conducted in central Nevada. As many female carcasses as possible will be collected from these contests. Uteruses will be removed from female carcasses and dissected to count placental scars and fetuses. Litter sizes will be determined by differentiating and counting primary, secondary, and re-absorption scars. Any female carcass found dead through telemetry, randomly found, or acquired from our contractor will also be analyzed for placental

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scars and fetuses. Carcasses will be collected and teeth will be pulled from both male and female coyotes to determine age structure. Coyote Scat Analysis Coyote scats will be collected during scat transects. Scats will be dried in the sun and stored for lab analysis. Once in the lab, scat will be placed in pantyhose and washed in a washing machine to remove small material but leave behind bones, teeth, and fur. Scat will be dissected such that bones, skin, feathers, hair, insect parts, and plant parts will be identified to genus and species when possible. We will collect samples of plants and insects as well as hair, teeth, and bones from lagomorphs and rodents, and assemble an identification key to identify parts in each scat. Abundance of Lagomorphs and Small Mammals Surveys to assess lagomorph abundance will be conducted twice per month on roads within each study site. We will drive 10-15 kph and survey for lagomorphs on the road while 2 passengers will spotlight for lagomorphs on their respective side of the vehicle. When a lagomorph is sighted, the vehicle will be stopped and the distance, species, number of individuals, and UTM coordinates will be recorded. We will estimate small-mammal abundance using a mark-recapture study involving Sherman live-traps during June and September of each field season. Two trapping webs will be established in each site. Traps will be established in a web pattern containing 12 radial lines, totaling 148 traps. The first 4 traps in each radial line will be spaced in 5-m intervals, the next 8 traps will be spaced at 10-m intervals, and an additional 4 traps will be placed in the web center. Traps will be checked every morning, closed during the day, and then reopened every evening. All small mammals will receive a permanent marker dot on their stomach; blue for male, red for female. All Spermophilus, Ammospermophilus, Tamias, Dipodomys, Rattus, and Thomomys will receive an ear tag in each ear in addition to their permanent marker marking. Each small mammal’s sex, reproductive status, and weight will also be recorded. Statistical Analysis Coyote abundance will be determined through scat analysis using Knowlton’s (1984) techniques. Passive tracking indexes will be determined using techniques similar to those described by Engeman et al. (2000). We will use Program DISTANCE to determine lagomorph abundance. Both program DISTANCE and MARK will be used to determine small-mammal abundance. Coyote home ranges will be determined by measuring adaptive kernels in ArcMap 9.3 (ESRI Redlands, CA) following methods detailed by (Rodgers et al. 2007). USEFUL LIFE Not applicable. No capital improvements are expected under this project. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION This study will be conducted in 4 mountain basins in central Nevada located in the Monitor and Toquima Mountain Ranges of Eureka County (Charnac Basin) and Nye

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County (Meadow Canyon Basin, Butler Basin, and Stoneberger Basin). All study sites are located in Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) Hunt Units 161 and 162. Each study site spans 75-100 km2. The study area has expanded to include GPS tracking data for most dispersing coyotes (See Map). PROGRAM INCOME There is no program income generated by this sub-grant. BUDGET NARRATIVE See budget summary. MULTI-PURPOSE FUNDING This project is not expected to serve any other purposes other than game management in Nevada. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER GRANTS There are no other federal funding sources for this subgrant. TIMELINE Late 2010 through FY2015 The majority of field work is accomplished during the spring, summer and early fall periods from April through September. Some monitoring occurs during the rest of the year. Coyote collaring can be done at any time during the year. Late 2010 and FY2011 Study Design and Study Implementation commences on the ground in Central Nevada. 3 Coyotes are radio-collared and Movements / Behavior analyzed. Initiate Prey Abundance / Distribution surveys. FY2012 2 Coyotes are radio-collared (5 in aggregate) and Movements / Behavior analyzed. Prey Abundance / Distribution surveys continue. FY2013

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20 Coyotes are radio-collared (25 in aggregate) and Movements / Behavior analyzed. Prey Abundance / Distribution surveys continue. Coyote Prey Ecology Data analyses commence. FY2014 7 Coyotes are radio-collared (32 in aggregate) and 22 pups are ear-tagged. Movements, Home Range and Behavior analyzed. Prey Abundance / Distribution surveys continue. Coyote Prey Ecology Data analyses continue. FY2015 (Envisioned) Remaining radio-collared Coyotes are monitored and Movements / Behavior analyzed. Prey Abundance / Distribution surveys finish. All data analyses go into overdrive and publication of scientific results commence. All publications (PhD Dissertation, Peer-reviewed Literature, and any additional publications) are submitted by 12 August 2015, the NDOW-USU Contract ending date. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) This project is expected to meet NEPA compliance through categorical exclusion(s) shown in the attached NEPA Checklist. National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) This project will not include any earthmoving or other activities that may affect cultural resources or historic properties under the NHPA. Therefore, there should be no effects to NHPA properties or cultural resources, and no further action needed to ensure compliance with NHPA. Endangered Species Act (ESA) 1. Species and Habitat within the action area: Proposed actions are in central Nevada. ESA listed species of concern for Nevada are listed on the Nevada FWO office’s website at: http://www.fws.gov/nevada/protectedspecies/nevadaspecieslist.html 2. Geographic area or station name and action:

A. Eco-region Number and Name: Great Basin, Basin and Range. B. County and State: Eureka and Nye Counties, State of Nevada. C. Section, township, and range (or latitude and longitude): N 4287000, E 512000, Nad 83. D. Distance (miles) and direction to nearest town: 50 Miles NE of Tonopah, Nevada.

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E. Species/habitat occurrence: Vegetation at all study sites is dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma), Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), singleleaf piñon (Pinus monophylla), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius).

Central Nevada Coyote Ecology Study Area (Nye, Eureka and Lander County) (Blue scribbles denote actual coyote home ranges. Lower left scribble detailed in

subsequent figure)

3. Description of proposed action (attach additional pages as needed): See Purpose and Objectives section above. 4. Evaluation of effects:

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A. Explanation of effects of the action on species and critical habitats: There have been no impacts identified to any threatened or endangered species or their habitats. B. Explanation of actions to be implemented to reduce adverse effects: None. C. Effect Summary: For all species listed ESA Evaluation #1, no effects or adverse modifications are expected.

Movement analysis of Meadow Canyon coyote, Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada. These blue coyote movements correspond to the southern blue scribble on the larger

Study Area Map. CONTACTS Project Leader/Coordinator: Vacant, Large Carnivore Staff Specialist, 1100 Valley Road, Reno, NV. 89512. Phone: (775) 688-1914. Fax: (775) 688-1676. E-mail: [email protected]. Researchers: Patrick Jackson, PhD Candidate, Utah State University, Logan UT 84322, 816-716-6924, Dr. Michael Conover, Major Professor, Utah State University, Logan UT 84322, 435-797-2436. Game Division Chief – Vacant

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REFERENCES Engeman R. M., M. J. Pipas, K. S. Gruver, and L. Allen. 2000. Monitoring coyote

population changes with a passive activity index. Wildlife Research 27:553–557. Hamlin, K. L., S. J. Riley, D. Pyrah, A. R. Dood, and R. J. Mackie. 1984. Relationships

among mule deer fawn mortality, coyotes, and alternate prey species during summer. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:489–499.

Knowlton, F. F. 1984. Feasibility of assessing coyote abundance on small areas. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Final Report, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Rodgers, A. R., A. P. Carr, H. L. Beyer, L. Smith, and J. G. Kie. 2007. HRT: Home Range Tools for ArcGIS. Version 1.1. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Centre for Northern, Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, Canada.

Shivik, J. A. 1995. Factors influencing space use and activity of Sagehen Basin coyotes. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Coyote Study Budget Summary

State Match

(FY11,12,14,15)

$25,000/yr

$100,000 total

Allocated from the State three dollar predator fee charged on each big game application.

USF&WS- PR Portion

(FY11,12,14,15)

$75,000/yr

$300,000/total

This covers a PhD candidate stipend, graduate tech students and Utah State University oversight. The remaining money will be spent on live-trapping, radio collars, tracking equipment, travel expenses, camp and supplies.

State Match (FY13

Only)

$100,000/yr

$100,000 total

Allocated from the State three dollar predator fee charged on each big game application.

USF&WS- PR Portion (FY13 Only)

0/yr 0 total

TOTAL

$100,000/yr

$500,000/total

The study proposed for 5 years (FY2011-FY2015).

In Kind Will be determined as study progresses

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Projects 29 and 30 Carrion Management for Greater Sage-Grouse - Details

WILDLIFEHERITAGETRUSTACCOUNTPROJECTPROPOSALFORM

APPLICANTINFORMATIONPERSON/ORGANIZATION/AGENCY NDOW NAME PETERV.BRADLEY TITLE WILDLIFESTAFFSPECIALIST ADDRESS1 1100VALLEYROAD CITY RENO STATE NEVADA ZIP 89512 PHONE 775‐688‐1676 CELL FAX 775‐688‐1207 EMAIL [email protected] OTHER

PROJECTINFORMATIONPROJECTTITLE GREATERSAGE‐GROUSEPROTECTIONTHROUGHCOMMONRAVENRESOURCESUBSIDYMANAGEMENT DETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFPROJECT Establish a viable program designed to reduce artificial food and nesting structure subsidies available to common raven populations in high priority greater sage-grouse habitats throughout Nevada. HOWDOESTHISPROJECTMEETTHEOBJECTIVESOFTHEWILDLIFEHERITAGEPROGRAM(NRS501.3575) This project is designed to help restore greater sage-grouse population viability across Nevada. In areas where manmade resource subsidies for resident raven populations are contributing to the expansion of those populations, greater sage-grouse nest success and brood survival may be optimized by strategic removal of these subsidies. The fostering of cooperation between NDOW and road maintenance agencies, waste stream managers, power and phone companies and private landowners will be essential in changing the resource subsidy landscape in northern Nevada.

94

PROJECTINFORMATIONPROJECTLOCATION STATEWIDEINHIGHPRIORITYGREATERSAGE‐GROUSEHABITATS

ISAPROJECTMAPATTACHED? YES *** NO (AMAPMUSTINCLUDETHEPROJECTTITLE,MAPSCALE,DATEMAPWASCREATED,ANDANORTHARROW)

LEGALDESCRIPTIONOFTHEPROPERTYONWHICHTHEPROPOSEDPROJECTISTOBELOCATED(MUSTINCLUDETHEPROPERTYADDRESS,ACCESSROADS,TOWNSHIP,RANGEANDSECTION)

STATEWIDEWITHEMPHASISONNORTHERNNEVADA_

YELLOWPUSHPINSDENOTESOMEOFTHEHIGHERPRIORITYGREATERSAGE‐GROUSEHABITATS

APLANFORDEVELOPMENTOFTHESITE DEVELOPMENTPLANSFORVARIOUSWASTETRANSFERSTATIONSAND/OR

POWERTRANSMISSIONLINESWILLBESITESPECIFICANDVARYACROSSTHESTATE.ONEEXAMPLEISTHEMIDASTRANSFER

STATIONINELKOCOUNTYWHEREFULLENCLOSUREOFTHEFACILITYISMAKINGWASTEUNAVAILABLETOCOMMONRAVENSIN

HIGHPRIORITYGREATERSAGE‐GROUSEHABITAT:

95

DOESTHISPROJECTHAVEADDITIONALSOURCESOFMONIESFORFUNDINGOTHERTHANYOURHERITAGETRUSTFUNDREQUEST?

YES *** NO

DOESTHISPROJECTINVOLVEHABITATRESTORATIONANDIMPROVEMENTOFALONG‐TERMORPERMANENTNATURE?

YES *** NO

PLEASEDESCRIBEINDETAILTHEREASONWHYYOUNEEDHERITAGETRUSTFUNDINGTOFUNDTHISPROJECTWILDLIFE

HERITAGETRUSTFUNDINGISNEEDEDTOHELPLEVERAGEEXISTINGFUNDSTORESTOREECOSYSTEMFUNCTIONTOHIGH

PRIORITYGREATERSAGE‐GROUSEHABITATSACROSSNEVADA.MONIESWILLBENEEDEDTOREDUCEARTIFICIALFOODSUBSIDIES

FORRAVENSINTHEFORMOFROADCARRIONANDGARBAGE,ASWELLASARTIFICIALNESTSTRUCTURESUBSIDIESINTHEFORM

OFPOORLYDESIGNEDPOWERANDCOMMUNICATIONTRANSMISSIONSTRUCTURESOVERTHELONGTERM.

White-tailed jackrabbit road carrion in high priority greater sage-grouse Habitat, Elko County, northeast Nevada, 14 May 2013.

PROJECTDURATION ONEYEAR TWOYEARS THREEYEARS MORE*******

ESTIMATEDSTARTDATE 1JULY2014 ESTIMATEDENDDATE 30OCTOBER2024

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PROJECTFUNDING(BREAKDOWNSHOULDBEFORONEYEARONLY)

1. HERITAGETRUSTFUNDCASHAMOUNTREQUESTED $ 50,000

2. OTHERCASHFUNDINGSOURCESFORTHISPROJECT

a. PREDATIONMANAGEMENTPROJECTS29AND30 $ 50,000

b. $

c. $

d. $

e. TOTALOTHERCASHFUNDINGSOURCES(LINESa‐d) $ 50,000

3. DONATIONSFORTHISPROJECT

a. VOLUNTEERTIME $ 5,000

b. EQUIPMENT $

c. MATERIALS $

d. $

e. $

f. $

g. $

h. TOTALDONATIONS(LINESa‐g) $ 5,000

4. TOTALHERITAGETRUSTFUNDPROJECTFUNDING $ 105,000

(ADDLINES1,2e,3h)

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PROJECTCOSTS(BREAKDOWNSHOULDBEFORONEYEARONLY) HERITAGECOSTSONLY ALLOTHERCOSTS1. LANDACQUISITION $ $

2. PERSONNEL(NDOWEMPLOYEESALARIESNOTINCLUDED) $

3. TRAVEL(NDOWEMPLOYEECOSTSNOTINCLUDED)

a. PERDIEM(TRAVELTOIDAHOCAPTURESITE) $ 5,000 $ 6,000

b. MILEAGE “ $ 4,000 $ 5,500

c. TOTALTRAVELCOSTS(LINESa,b) $9,000 $11,5004. EQUIPMENTITEMS

a. $ $

b. $ $

c. $ $

d. $ $

e. TOTALEQUIPMENTCOSTS(LINESa‐d) $ $

5. MATERIALS

a. $ $

b. $ $

c. $ $

d. $ $

e. TOTALMATERIALCOSTS(LINESa‐d) $ ___________ $

6. MISCELLANEOUSCOSTS

a. CREWCOSTS(2WILDLIFETECHS) $ 25,700 $ 25,700

b. CONTRACTCOSTS $ 15,300 $ 17,800

c. TOTALMISCELLANEOUSCOSTS(LINESa‐d) $ 41,000 $ 43,500 7. TOTALHERITAGECOSTSONLY $________50,000

(ADDLINES1,2,3C,4e,5E,6e)

8. TOTALALLOTHERCOSTS $ 55,000 (ADDLINES1,2,3C,4e,5E,6e)

9. TOTALHERITAGETRUSTFUNDPROJECTCOSTS $ 105,000(ADDLINES7,8)

TOTALHERITAGETRUSTFUNDPROJECTFUNDINGMUSTMATCHTOTALHERITAGETRUSTFUNDPROJECTCOSTS

a. TOTALHERITAGETRUSTFUNDPROJECTFUNDING $ 105,000

b. TOTALHERITAGETRUSTFUNDPROJECTCOSTS $ 105,000 TOTALFROMLINE#9

ARETHEREGOINGTOBEANYONGOINGCOSTSFORTHISPROJECT? YES ** NO

98

IFTHEREAREONGOINGCOSTSASSOCIATEDWITHTHISPROJECT,ISTHEREANANTICIPATEDFUNDING

SOURCEFORTHESECOSTS? YES ** NO

**(NDOWPREDATIONMANAGEMENT,HERITAGEANDVOLUNTEERCONTRIBUTIONS)

HOWWILLYOUGIVECREDITTOTHEHERITAGETRUSTFUNDACCOUNTANDOTHERFUNDINGSOURCES?

SCIENTIFICANDPOPULARMEDIAOUTLETS PAPERANDDIGITALFORMATS

DATE 1DECEMBER2013 PRINTNAME PETERV.BRADLEY AUTHORIZINGSIGNATURE

REVIEWEDDATE

JOB ANNOUNCEMENT Duration: Eight Month, Temporary w/ Nevada Department of Wildlife Title: Common Raven – Greater Sage-grouse Wildlife Technician Description of Work

1) Conduct research on Common Raven Natural History. 2) Remove anthropogenic resource subsides available to the Common Raven from

environments inhabited by both the Common Raven and Greater Sage-Grouse. 3) Conduct lek and brood surveys on Greater Sage-Grouse. 4) Additional duties as needed as they relate to predator-prey wildlife science /

conservation.

Requirements / Details / Duties 1) Home Base – Reno, Western Nevada. 2) Position will require extensive travel in Nevada. 3) Position will require extensive camping outdoors in Nevada. 4) Ability to operate manual transmission 4-wheel drive pick-up. 5) Ability to keep accurate, legible and up-to-date field records and journals. 6) Ability to function independently in the field, often times in remote areas and

harsh conditions. 7) Ability to read maps. 8) Clean driving record.

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9) Clean police record. 10) Priority consideration given those applicants who demonstrate an interest in

wildlife science/ conservation. 11) Position funded through 30 June 2014 and possibly beyond to 2023 (based on

annual appropriations). 12) Estimated salary: ($11-13.00/ hour). Workman’s Comp and Liability Insurance

Provided. 13) Estimated work schedule: Variable shift, 8 consecutive days on, 6 days off, 10-

hour days. 14) Estimated start date: 21 October 2013 15) Questions/Inquires: Please contact: Pete Bradley, Nevada Department of

Wildlife, 1100 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512, o-775-688-1676, c-775-385-3855, [email protected].

16) Applicants: Please send Letter of Intent, CV or Resume and copy of Transcripts to: Pete Bradley at [email protected].

Peter V. Bradley Large Carnivore Staff Specialist

Nevada Department of Wildlife – Road Department Carrion Phone Survey It would be much appreciated if you could answer the following questions as they pertain to your crew and the sections of rural roads you maintain. 1‐How would you characterize the frequency with which your crews patrol particular stretches of highway for road hazards? 1/2/wk/more

2‐How often do your crews pick up road carrion and remove it? Always, Often, Never?

3‐How do your crews dispose of road carrion? Animal Pit, Landfill, Side of road?

4‐What are the smallest roadkills that your crews bother with? Deer, Eagles, Owls, Rabbits, Mice?

5‐Are all mortalities taken to the same location? Y/N

6‐Location?

Thank you for your time.

Some Preliminary Results from Road Dept Carrion Phone Surveys: Agency Municipality Phone 1 2

Pershing Co Roads Lovelock/Imlay 775‐273‐7334 Only on call Seldom

Nye County Roads Gabbs/RMtn/Man 775‐751‐6855 Very seldom ‐ traffic is rare Seldom

Eureka Public Works Eureka 775‐635‐2728 NDOT patrols Often

NDOT ‐ Winnemucca Denio‐BM‐Imlay 775‐623‐8000 3/week Always (Rabbits mostly scavenged)

NDOT ‐ Ely Baker‐Cherry‐Curr 775‐289‐1700 2‐3/week Often

NDOT ‐ Elko Hwy50,93,I‐80+ 775‐777‐2700 On call or on the way to other Often

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jobs

NDOT ‐ Reno Reno/Sparks/etc….. 775‐834‐8300

NDOT ‐ Tonopah Dyer/Manh/Rd Mt 775‐482‐2301

Panaca Dpt Tran Pioche/Panaca/Cal 775‐728‐4486 4/week Always

Mineral Co Public W Hawthorne 775‐945‐3897 No patrolling, rarely get calls Never

NDOT ‐ Ely REMOTE Ely Local 775‐289‐1711 Daily patrols Always if it's visible. Pick up 3x/week.

NDOT ‐ Ely REMOTE Ely Local 775‐289‐1712

NDOT ‐ Ely REMOTE Lund 775‐238‐5364 2x/week Always for larger roadkill

NDOT ‐ Ely REMOTE Eureka 775‐237‐5420 Usually everyday‐ at least one Always for larger roadkill

NDOT ‐ Ely REMOTE Austin 775‐964‐2618 5x/week, Monday‐Friday Always‐ even on weekends, nights

Elko Co Road Dept. Elko area 775‐738‐5036 Daily patrols Never

Elko Co Road Dept. Wells area 775‐752‐3388 Daily Never (only one mustang in 6 years)

Lander County Roads BM, north Lander 775‐635‐2728 On call or on the way to other Seldom

Lander County Roads Austin, s Lander 775‐964‐1245 1/week Always

Nye County Roads Tonopah/etc 775‐482‐7329 4x/week Never (One incident in 23 years)

Humboldt Co Gov Winnemucca/etc 775‐623‐6416 On call or on the way to other Often

White Pine Co Road Baker‐Lages/etc, 775‐293‐6541 Patrol roads everyday Never‐handled by SO or warden

Eureka Co Road (sou) Eureka 775‐237‐5372 Patrol roads everyday Often‐ but roadkill is very rare.

Eureka Co Road (nor) Beowawe, CresVal 775‐468‐0215

Washoe Co (South) Span Springs, Wads 775‐772‐5246

Washoe Co ‐ Vya sta Vya 775‐557‐2373

Washoe Co ‐ Gerlach Gerlach 775‐557‐2373 1/week Seldom

Incline Village Roads Incline Village 775‐832‐4125

NDOT ‐ Winn REMOT Quinn River/Denio 775‐941‐0215 Once/week at least Often‐ roadkill isn't too common

NDOT ‐ Winn REMOT Orovada 775‐272‐3297 Everyday in winter, 3x/week Always

NDOT ‐ Winn REMOT Winn/west I80 775‐623‐8041 Daily Large animal always, some smaller

NDOT ‐ Winn REMOT Winn/east I80 775‐623‐8049 Twice a week at the least Often‐ twice/week

NDOT ‐ Winn REMOT Battle Mountain 775‐635‐2041

Nevada Department of Wildlife – Landfill Carrion Phone Survey It would be much appreciated if you could answer the following questions as they pertain to your crew and the landfill, waste management program you maintain. Questions 1-Do you have standard procedures for dealing with dead animals in your jurisdiction? Y/N 2-What types of dead animals do you handle? (Pets, livestock, etc.) 3-How do you dispose of these dead animals? 4-Do you have an animal pit or any special location just for animals? 5-If so, where is it located? (In the landfill, at a different address, etc) 6-Is it covered or protected from the elements and scavengers? (Y/N) 7-If so, how is it protected? 8-Is it routinely checked/covered? How often? Daily? Once/week? Other? 9-Do you feel like you have a problem with scavengers on your site? 10-Do you keep organic waste separate from inorganic waste?

Some Preliminary Results from Landfill Phone Surveys: Name/Municipality Region Covered Phone 1 2

Hoss Disposal Winnemucca/NV 775‐623‐5441 Not often Pets

Desert Disposal Winnemucca 775‐623‐5115 Yes All‐mostly horses, dogs, cats

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Trashco Reno, Carson City 775‐721‐6753 No Very rarely.

Battle Mtn. Landfill Battle Mountain 775‐635‐2728 Yes Mostly pets, livestock, roadkill

Round Mountain Landfill Round Mountain 775‐482‐8135 Left message 12/19

Ely Landfill Ely, McGill, Ruth etc 775‐289‐1589 Yes Cows,horses,hunting carcass

Hawthorne City Landfill Mineral County 775‐945‐2486 Yes Pets, livestock, roadkill

Elko Sanitation Co. City of Elko 775‐738‐3771 No‐ Referred to landfill.

Elko Municipal Landfill City of Elko 775‐777‐7395 Yes pets,livestock,roadkill‐deer

West Wendover Public Works West Wendover 775‐664‐3363 Yes pets,horses, No livestock.

NWS Crestline Inc Panaca, Pioche 775‐728‐4333 Yes rarely, cows and horses

Eureka County Landfill Eureka, 775‐237‐5372 Yes dogs,cats,cows,horses,sheep

Hoss Disposal‐ Tonopah Tonopah 775‐482‐1859 Hung up on me‐ 12/19

D & S Waste Removal Yerington 775‐463‐3090 Yes pets,livestock.

D & S Waste Removal Smith 775‐465‐0039 Yes Pets and livestock

George DeLong Construction Winnemucca 776‐623‐2985 Yes pets, livestock and roadkill

Thank you for your time. NDOW Carrion Survey Route List

Category* Zone Route Name Map Pages Main Routes

A A1 42,50,51 395/208/829/338/182

Not in Winter A1B 42,50,51 395/208/Gravel/FR-028/338

Not in Winter A1C 42,50 395/208/823/Gravel

A2 42,43,51,50 50/95Alt/95/359/167/395

Not in Winter A2B 42,43,51,50 50/95Alt/95/359/Gravel/270/395

A3 51,52,58 95/360/6

B B1 43,44,45 50

Not in Winter B1B 43,44,45 50/722

Not in Winter B1C 43,44,45 50/722/Gravel

Not in Winter B1D 43,44,45 50/722/Gravel

B2 45,37,38,29 305

Not in Winter B2B 45,37,29 305/Gravel

Not in Winter B2C 45,37,38 305/Gravel

B3 43,44,45,46,47 50

B3B 43,44,45,46,53 50/376/377

Not in Winter B3C 43,44,45,46,53,54 50/Gravel/FR-014/377/376

B4 47,39,31 50/278

Not in Winter B4B 47,39 50/278/Gravel

C C1 48,41,40 93

Not in Winter C1B 48,41,40 93/Gravel

Not in Winter C1C 48,41,40 93/Gravel

Not in Winter C1D 48,41,49 93/Gravel/893/50

Not in Winter C1E 48,49 93/Duck Creek Basin/Gravel/50

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C2 48,49 50/6/487/488

C2B 48,49 50/893

C2C 48,49,57 50/894/93

C2D 48 50/Gravel

C3 48,56 6/318

C3B 48,56,55,47 6/379

Not in Winter C3C 48 6/FR-402/50

Not in Winter C3D 48,56,55,47 6/379/Gravel/FR-401/50

Not in Winter C3E 48,56,55,47 6/379/Gravel/50

C4 48,47,39 50/Gravel

C4B 48,47,39,40 50/892/Long Valley Rd

Not in Winter C5 48,40,32,41 93/Gravel/93

D D1 31,32,39 227/228

Not in Winter D1B 31,39,40,32 227,228,FR-113,Gravel,229

Not in Winter D1C 31,32 227,Gravel,229

D2 31,32,40,39 80/229/Gravel

Not in Winter D2B 31,32,40 80/229/Gravel

Not in Winter D2C 31,32 80/229/Gravel/230

D3 31,32,33,41,40 80/93Alt/93

Not in Winter D3B 31,32 80/231

D3C 31,32 80/93/232/229

E E1 31,23 225

Not in Winter E1B 23 225/Gravel/SSR-11A

Not in Winter E1C 31,23,24,32 225/Gravel/I-80

E2 31,23 225/226

Not in Winter E2B 29,30,31,23,22 I80/225/226/Gravel/789

E3 32,24,25 93

Not in Winter E3B 32,24 93/Gravel

Not in Winter E3C 24,25 93/Gravel

E4 33,25 233

Not in Winter E4B 33,25,24,32 233/Gravel/93

F F1 26 447

Not in Winter F1B 18,26 Gravel road- north of Gerlach

Not in Winter F1C 18 Gravel roads- north of Vya

F2 29, 21-18 95/140

Not in Winter F2B 19,18 Gravel road

Not in Winter F2C 18,19 Gravel road

F3 29,21,20 95/293

F4 29,21 95/290

Not in Winter F4B 21 95/290/FR-084 (gravel)

F5 34 445/446/447

*Note on routes.

103

* Note on routes. All routes in this database can become impassable during storms, after big rains/snows or after extended wet periods. The Not in Winter routes are the most likely routes to be unusable in winter and after big rains/snows or after extended wet periods. Exceptions for these Not in Winter routes can be when they are noticeably dry and/or frozen and packed hard in winter. In other words, they can be surveyed under these field conditions when using extreme caution. Most Not in Winter routes that traverse large mountain ranges are not an option because of deep, lingering snows on their passes, often into April and May. Another complicating field condition especially in winter is high wind. New snow, even some old snow that has been lying around for weeks can be drifted up into cement-like road barriers in a matter of hours in valleys or mountains. NDOW Road Carrion Data Base (last update 17 March 2014)

ID# Species Latin Class UTM E UTM N ELEV Scavenged

? Buried

?

11‐001 Mountain cottontail SYNU MAMM 656939 4509904 6216 y y

11‐002 Black‐tailed Jackrabbit LECA MAMM 657543 4505055 6111 y y


11‐004 Mule Deer ODHE MAMM 669434 4500928 5949 y n


11‐006 Mountain cottontail SYNU MAMM 624117 4503828 6061 n n

11‐007 Black‐tailed Jackrabbit LECA MAMM 612459 4492571 5654 y n

11‐008 Black‐tailed Jackrabbit LECA MAMM 613463 4487816 5653 n y

11‐009 Black‐tailed Jackrabbit LECA MAMM 613637 4465895 5894 y n

11‐010 Coyote CALA MAMM 613637 4465895 5894 n n


11‐012 North American Porcupine ERDO MAMM 627797 4532283 5215 y y


11‐014 White‐tailed Jackrabbit LETO MAMM 572137 4599353 5993 n y


11‐016 Bobcat LYRU MAMM 741162 4486346 5229 y y


11‐018 Rocky Mountain Elk CECA MAMM 703059 4439013 5917 y n

11‐019 Northern River Otter LUCA MAMM 589234 4622342 5749 n n


11‐021 Coyote CALA MAMM 700964 4548867 6468 y n

11‐022 Deer Mouse PEMA MAMM 709241 4547068 6075 n y

11‐023 Deer Mouse PEMA MAMM 716566 4551005 5936 y y

11‐024 Least Chipmunk TAMI MAMM 746773 4583575 4787 y y

11‐025 White‐tailed Antelope Squirrel AMLE MAMM 742543 4498147 4595 n y

11‐026 Sagebrush Vole LECU MAMM 617944 4501443 5681 n y

11‐027 Belding's Ground Squirrel SPBE MAMM 642354 4526049 5543 n y

11‐028 Mule Deer ODHE MAMM 642570 4525600 5575 n n

11‐029 Belding's Ground Squirrel SPBE MAMM 642730 4525271 5587 y y



104


11‐033 Unidentified Rodent RODE MAMM 624836 4438160 6066 n y







11‐040 Golden Eagle AQCH AVES 646910 4525731 5991 n y


11‐042 Unidentified Rodent RODE MAMM 653443 4475295 6052 y n



11‐045 White‐tailed Jackrabbit LETO MAMM 665749 4545511 6674 y y



11‐048 Piute Ground Squirrel SPMO MAMM 690035 4639326 5325 y y


11‐050 Great Basin Rattlesnake CROR REPTIL 631514 4648536 5490 n y

11‐051 Yellow‐bellied Marmot MAFL MAMM 590323 4620538 5838 y y

11‐052 Yellow‐bellied Marmot MAFL MAMM 593995 4617204 6064 n y





11‐057 Mountain cottontail SYNU MAMM 594525 4529095 6465 n y


11‐059 Least Chipmunk TAMI MAMM 613297 4484809 5605 n y




11‐063 Unidentified Rodent RODE MAMM 495373 4459834 5177 y y


11‐065 Ord's Kangaroo Rat DIOR MAMM 717993 4552486 5889 y y


11‐067 Barn Owl TYAL AVES 526609 4502536 4588 n y



12‐003 Dark Kangaroo Mouse MIME MAMM 719636 4387257 5789 y y

12‐004 Great Basin Gopher Snake PICA REPTIL 586839 4630544 5653 n y


12‐006 Great Basin Rattlesnake CROR REPTIL 590374 4620550 5833 y y

105


12‐008 Least Chipmunk TAMI MAMM 609029 4620671 6621 n y





12‐013 North American Raccoon PRLO MAMM 629158 4504463 6568 y y





12‐018 Montane Vole MIMO MAMM 632789 4501982 7314 n y

12‐019 Piute Ground Squirrel SPMO MAMM 726048 4465022 5612 y y

12‐020 Unidentified Reptile SQUA REPTIL 731451 4469151 5798 y y

12‐021 Ord's Kangaroo Rat DIOR MAMM 709758 4443242 6118 n y



12‐024 Cliff Chipmunk TADO MAMM 630014 4361271 7107 n y

12‐025 White‐tailed Antelope Squirrel AMLE MAMM 717248 4318285 5852 y n

12‐026 Pronghorn ANAM MAMM 723603 4346027 5690 n n






12‐032 Unidentified Reptile SQUA REPTIL 726894 4298233 5853 n y

12‐033 Piute Ground Squirrel SPMO MAMM 720695 4294649 5795 n y


12‐035 Great Basin Pocket Mouse PEPA MAMM 643431 4605922 6216 y y




12‐039 Piñon Mouse PETR MAMM 623043 4431167 6606 n y


12‐041 Unidentified Reptile SQUA REPTIL 586451 4628150 5709 y y




12‐045 Great Basin Gopher Snake PICA REPTIL 618911 4466727 6045 y n

12‐046 Long‐tailed Weasel MUFR MAMM 614809 4469173 5770 n y



106



12‐051 Ringtail BAAS MAMM 730073 4336169 7841 y y

12‐052

White‐tailed Antelope Squirrel AMLE MAMM 749744 4326555 5282 y y


12‐054 Uinta Chipmunk EUUM MAMM 661871 4542857 7824 n y


12‐056 Rock Squirrel OTVA MAMM 736074 4322829 9193 n y

12‐057 Striped Skunk MEME MAMM 617656 4509059 5535 n n


12‐059 Rocky Mountain Elk CECA MAMM 699952 4322055 7125 y n


12‐061 Fox Squirrel SCNI MAMM 604136 4521450 5114 n y





12‐066 Great Horned Owl BUVI AVES 575085 4403903 6138 n y









12‐075 Deer Mouse PEMA MAMM 563779 4501311 5863 y n


12‐077 Great Horned Owl BUVI AVES 682644 4553474 6231 y y










12‐087 Golden Eagle AQCH AVES 597581 4595109 6319 n y


12‐089 Coyote CALA MAMM 469941 4529502 4869 y y


107




13‐001 Western Yellow‐bellied Racer COCO REPTIL 630455 4503264 6879 y y

13‐002 Boreal Toad BUBO AMPH 637909 4496962 8662 y n



13‐005 White‐tailed Antelope Squirrel AMLE MAMM 683094 4418612 5934 y y


13‐007 Golden‐mantled Ground Squ CALL MAMM 254587 4358601 6572 n n

13‐008 Pronghorn ANAM MAMM 701078 4435127 5995 y n

13‐009 Piute Ground Squirrel SPMO MAMM 743646 4504200 4547 n y

13‐010 Great Horned Owl BUVI AVES 600290 4563965 5838 n y




13‐014 Mule Deer ODHE MAMM 250532 4317909 7046 n y


14‐002 Rubber Boa CHBO REPTIL 636815 4500790 8067 y y

14‐003 Western Spotted Skunk SPGR MAMM 632384 4502110 7311 y n


14‐005 Western Gray Squirrel SCGR MAMM 247367 4340623 6432 n y

14‐006 Mountain Cottontail SYNU MAMM 276028 4354641 4988 Y Y

14‐007 Mule Deer ODHE MAMM 254123 4322338 4789 N N

14‐008 Unidentifiable UNID MAMM 268837 4399335 4637 Y N

14‐009 Horned Lark ERAL AVES 395935 4348986 4331 Y Y

14‐010 Great Horned Owl BUVI AVES 678332 4347625 6501 Y N


14‐012 Gray Fox URCI MAMM 685544 4425186 5947 Y Y

14‐013 Cattle BOPR MAMM 656784 4517785 6315 Y N


14‐015 Possible Coyote CALA MAMM 670759 4526791 5674 ? N

14‐016 Possible raccoon or dom cat UNID MAMM 741722 4576280 4541 ? N

14‐017 Unknown rabbit species LAGO MAMM 297925 4441651 3758 Y N


14‐019 Possible rabbit or fox? UNID MAMM 679282 4481813 6241 Y N


14‐021 Mountain Cottontail SYNU MAMM 585836 4632622 5604 N Y

14‐022 2 White‐Tailed Jackrabbits LETO MAMM 575040 4581875 5729 Y Y

14‐023 Possible small mammal UNID MAMM 642065 4547343 5344 Y N

14‐024 Small mammal RODE MAMM 680238 4346746 6592 Y N

108

14‐025 Rough‐legged hawk BULA AVES 695992 4326347 6801 N Y

14‐026 Skunk MEPH MAMM 749939 4319511 5335 Y Y


14‐028 Possible small bird species PASS AVES 574415 4381814 5984 Y N


14‐030 Black‐tailed Jackrabbit LECA MAMM 715300 4313636 5950 Y Y

14‐031 2 Mule Deer ODHE MAMM 705107 4276781 5948 N N

14‐032 Skunk MEPH MAMM 716609 4357012 5622 N Y


14‐034 Black‐tailed Jackrabbit LECA MAMM 689019 4356834 6145 N Y

14‐035 Horse EQFE MAMM 561031 4423999 6035 Y N

14‐036 Golden Eagle AQCH AVES 594833 4359128 6284 N Y

14‐037 Unknown Rabbit Species LAGO MAMM 489368 4515402 4504 Y N


14‐039 Unknown Rabbit Species SCIU MAMM 607038 4520478 5178 Y N

14‐040 Piute Ground Squirrel SPMO MAMM 613261 4482652 5483 Y Y

14‐041 Piute Ground Squirrel SPMO MAMM 613261 4482652 5483 N Y

14‐042 North American Porcupine ERDO MAMM 613731 4472390 5633 Y Y

14‐043 Piute Ground Squirrel SPMO MAMM 613409 4489475 5741 N Y

14‐044 Coyote CALA MAMM 610293 4496291 5385 N N




14‐048 White‐tailed Jackrabbit LETO MAMM 593196 4558549 6082 Y Y

14‐049 Grey Partridge PERD AVES 575073 4587337 5794 N Y

14‐050 Unknown Squirrel Species SCIU MAMM 603060 4521649 N N

14‐051 Unidentifiable UNID MAMM 603060 4521649 Y N

14‐052 Unknown Rabbit Species LAGO MAMM 643452 4548218 5360 N N

14‐053 Mule Deer ODHE MAMM 691974 4459401 5894 Y N

14‐054 Unknown Rabbit Species LAGO MAMM 667129 4521662 5631 Y Y



14‐057 Coyote CALA MAMM 669203 4522721 5619 N N



14‐060 Black‐tailed Jackrabbit LECA MAMM 518959 4498294 4575 Y N


14‐062 Unidentified rabbit species LAGO MAMM 680849 4346209 6516 Y N



14‐065 Unidentified UNID MAMM 696797 4452734 5886 Y N


14‐067 Domestic Cat FECA MAMM 723842 4202543 5839 Y Y

109









14‐076 Domestic Cat FECA MAMM 723842 4202543 5839 Y Y



14‐079 Unidentified UNID MAMM 693457 4410367 6057 N N




14‐083 Cow BOPR MAMM 667647 4311157 5703 Y N


14‐085 Unidentified UNID 670889 4272213 5451 Y N











NHP/NDOT Road Carrion Data Base

ID Date Report'g Agy Rte Travel Side

County MP Animal Type Num Found

Gender Age Class

702 1/4/2006 NDOW SR208 Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

693 1/10/2006 NDOW SR208 Unkwn LYON 0.80 Deer 1 Female Adult


700 2/5/2006 NDOW SR208 Unkwn LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


110


450 2/26/2006 NDOW SR207 SB DOUGLAS 8.10 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

452 3/12/2006 NDOW US395 NB DOUGLAS 0.10 Deer 1 Male Adult

845 3/12/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 63.92 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

451 3/13/2006 NDOW US395S SB DOUGLAS 11.70 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

759 3/19/2006 NDOT IR580 NB WASHOE 208.00 Other 1 Female Unkwn

453 3/22/2006 NDOW SR206 WB DOUGLAS 4.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

454 3/23/2006 NDOW SR207 WB DOUGLAS 10.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

760 3/27/2006 NDOT IR580 NB WASHOE 0.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn


763 4/1/2006 NDOT US395 NB WASHOE 73.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

764 4/1/2006 NDOT IR80 EB WASHOE 20.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

767 4/12/2006 NDOT SR230 Unkwn ELKO 11.80 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

456 4/14/2006 NDOW US395 NB DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



796 4/14/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 114.20 Deer 2 Female Adult

762 4/17/2006 NDOT SR376 Unkwn NYE 47.60 Cow 1 Female Adult

766 4/17/2006 NDOT US93 Unkwn ELKO 81.20 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

768 4/18/2006 NDOT US93 Unkwn ELKO 91.80 Deer 1 Female Adult

769 4/18/2006 NDOT US93 Unkwn ELKO 84.10 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile



797 4/18/2006 NDOT US93A SB ELKO 29.60 Sheep or Goat 2 Female Unkwn





778 4/20/2006 NDOT SR229 Unkwn ELKO 17.75 Other 1 Female Adult

779 4/20/2006 NDOT US395S SB WASHOE 38.80 Deer 1 Female Adult

765 4/21/2006 NDOT IR80 EB WASHOE 22.00 Other 1 Male Adult



782 4/24/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 11.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

798 4/25/2006 NDOT SR233 NB ELKO 5.50 Elk 1 Female Adult

783 4/26/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 95.15 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


785 4/26/2006 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 90.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

786 4/27/2006 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 128.50 Bobcat 1 Female Juvenile

789 4/27/2006 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 122.60 Deer 1 Female Adult

793 4/27/2006 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 16.00 Deer 2 Female Adult


799 4/27/2006 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 123.90 Deer 1 Male Adult





111

800 5/2/2006 NDOT IR80 EB EUREKA 24.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

801 5/2/2006 NDOT IR80W WB EUREKA 18.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


802 5/4/2006 NDOT IR80 EB EUREKA 12.47 Other 1 Female Adult

804 5/5/2006 NDOT IR80W WB WASHOE 7.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult


444 5/8/2006 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 25.80 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



803 5/8/2006 NDOT US50 Unkwn EUREKA 25.80 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

805 5/8/2006 NDOT IR80W WB WASHOE 0.00 Other 1 Male Adult

806 5/8/2006 NDOT SR445 NB WASHOE 28.00 Other 1 Female Adult

812 5/8/2006 NDOT SR318 SB NYE 37.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


810 5/9/2006 NDOT IR80W WB HUMBOLDT 11.67 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

811 5/9/2006 NHP IR80W WB ELKO 11.19 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

813 5/10/2006 NDOT US6 WB NYE 118.50 Deer 1 Female Adult



816 5/12/2006 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 121.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

818 5/12/2006 NDOT SR431 SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

817 5/14/2006 NDOW US50 EB WHITE PINE 46.00 Deer 1 Female Adult




464 5/16/2006 NDOW SR207 EB DOUGLAS 5.10 Deer 1 Female Adult




822 5/18/2006 NDOT IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 20.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

824 5/19/2006 NDOT US95 NB HUMBOLDT 17.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

823 5/22/2006 NDOT US95 NB HUMBOLDT 18.00 Antelope 10 Male Adult

825 5/24/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 93.10 Deer 1 Male Adult

826 5/25/2006 NDOT IR580S SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

920 5/25/2006 NDOW US6 EB NYE 126.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


828 5/30/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 99.40 Deer 1 Female Adult


831 6/1/2006 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 33.30 Deer 10 Female Adult

832 6/1/2006 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 49.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

833 6/1/2006 NDOT SR225 SB ELKO 53.50 Antelope 1 Male Adult

857 6/1/2006 NHP SR225 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Other 1 Male Juvenile

858 6/1/2006 NHP SR227 Unkwn ELKO 3.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




83 6/6/2006 NHP IR80 EB LANDER 98.07 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


112

837 6/8/2006 NDOT SR341 EB STOREY 14.30 Horse 1 Female Adult

860 6/8/2006 NHP US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 44.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


840 6/10/2006 NDOT SR341 SB WASHOE 21.00 Horse 1 Female Adult

846 6/11/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 70.46 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

862 6/11/2006 NHP IR80 EB WASHOE 34.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

839 6/12/2006 NDOT IR80 EB EUREKA 5.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

842 6/12/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 55.42 Deer 1 Male Unkwn



847 6/12/2006 NDOT IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 10.60 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn



841 6/13/2006 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 123.70 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

851 6/13/2006 NDOT US93A SB ELKO 11.40 Antelope 1 Female Adult

852 6/13/2006 NDOT US93A SB ELKO 7.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

849 6/15/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 9.80 Antelope 1 Female Adult

850 6/15/2006 NDOT US93A SB ELKO 8.20 Horse 1 Male Juvenile

853 6/20/2006 NDOT US395 NB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

855 6/21/2006 NDOT US95 NB HUMBOLDT 51.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

854 6/22/2006 NDOT IR80W WB LANDER 7.30 Deer 1 Female Adult



875 6/27/2006 NHP US6 Unkwn NYE 37.80 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

865 6/28/2006 WASO SR447 Unkwn WASHOE 9.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

866 7/1/2006 NHP IR80 Unkwn WASHOE 1.21 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


868 7/5/2006 NHP SR208 Unkwn LYON 7.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

870 7/6/2006 NHP US395S SB WASHOE 8.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


871 7/7/2006 NHP US395 NB DOUGLAS 29.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

896 7/7/2006 NHP SR294 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


872 7/10/2006 NDOT IR80W WB WASHOE 8.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

873 7/10/2006 NHP SR431 Unkwn WASHOE 18.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

876 7/10/2006 NHP US6 Unkwn NYE 30.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn



877 7/14/2006 NDOT SR228 SB ELKO 10.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

903 7/14/2006 NHP SR228 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

881 7/15/2006 NHP US50 Unkwn CHURCHILL 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

879 7/16/2006 NDOT SR306 SB EUREKA 3.00 Cow 1 Female Adult

880 7/18/2006 NHP US50 Unkwn LYON 2.55 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

878 7/19/2006 NHP US395 NB WASHOE 9.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

885 7/19/2006 NDOT US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

902 7/19/2006 NHP SR140 SB HUMBOLDT 33.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

882 7/20/2006 NHP US50 WB CHURCHILL 17.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


113

886 7/21/2006 NDOT US395S WB WASHOE 9.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

899 7/21/2006 NHP SR294 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 0.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn


901 7/23/2006 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 26.75 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

898 7/24/2006 NHP IR80W Unkwn ELKO 26.62 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

887 7/25/2006 NHP US6 EB NYE 5.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

889 7/25/2006 NDOT IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 0.85 Deer 1 Female Adult

890 7/27/2006 NDOT IR80 EB PERSHING 66.00 Deer 1 Male Unkwn


892 7/30/2006 NHP US395S SB WASHOE 7.90 Deer 1 Male Adult

891 7/31/2006 NDOT SR306 SB EUREKA 15.30 Deer 1 Male Adult


904 8/1/2006 NHP US6 EB NYE 41.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

905 8/3/2006 NDOT IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 13.90 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

914 8/8/2006 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 53.60 Antelope 1 Male Adult

915 8/8/2006 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 53.60 Antelope 1 Male Juvenile

906 8/9/2006 NHP IR80W WB HUMBOLDT 21.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


188 8/10/2006 RFD US95A Unkwn CHURCHILL 31.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

908 8/10/2006 NDOT IR80W WB HUMBOLDT 29.50 Deer 1 Female Adult

912 8/12/2006 NHP IR580S SB WASHOE 1.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

910 8/14/2006 NDOW US93 SB CLARK 6.25 Bighorn Sheep 1 Female Adult

911 8/17/2006 NHP IR80 EB WASHOE 1.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

913 8/18/2006 NDOT SR431 EB WASHOE 22.75 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

916 8/19/2006 NDOW SR165 EB CLARK 10.50 Bighorn Sheep 1 Male Adult

909 8/21/2006 NDOT SR294 SB HUMBOLDT 6.60 Cow 1 Female Adult

919 9/3/2006 NHP IR80W WB WASHOE 40.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

917 9/4/2006 NDOW US93 SB LINCOLN 0.00 Mountain Lion 1 Male Adult

918 9/5/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 47.70 Elk 1 Male Adult

937 9/5/2006 NHP US93A Unkwn ELKO 48.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

936 9/6/2006 NHP US50 Unkwn EUREKA 40.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

923 9/7/2006 NHP US395S SB DOUGLAS 8.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


465 9/12/2006 NDOW SR206 EB DOUGLAS 4.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile



924 9/20/2006 NHP US95S Unkwn CHURCHILL 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

938 9/20/2006 HUSO SR289 WB HUMBOLDT 14.14 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


929 9/22/2006 WASO SR446 NB WASHOE 8.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


926 9/25/2006 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 11.00 Other 1 Unkwn Adult

927 9/25/2006 NDOT SR278 SB ELKO 3.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Adult

928 9/25/2006 NDOT SR759 NB HUMBOLDT 0.55 Deer 1 Female Adult

125 9/27/2006 NDOT SR225 Unkwn ELKO 33.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

933 9/27/2006 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 33.90 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


114

137 9/28/2006 NDOW US395 SB ELKO 10.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

445 9/29/2006 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 23.90 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

930 9/29/2006 NDOT SR229 EB ELKO 29.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


932 9/29/2006 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 23.90 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

934 9/30/2006 NHP SR431 EB WASHOE 7.90 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

468 10/2/2006 NDOW SR206 EB DOUGLAS 5.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

163 10/3/2006 NHP US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 51.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

124 10/4/2006 NDOT US50 Unkwn DOUGLAS 12.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

127 10/5/2006 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 16.00 Bobcat 1 Unkwn Juvenile

126 10/6/2006 NHP SR447 Unkwn WASHOE 41.50 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

128 10/8/2006 N/A SR160 Unkwn CLARK 2.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

129 10/8/2006 NHP SR160 Unkwn CLARK 18.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

135 10/9/2006 NDOT SR229 WB ELKO 14.11 Deer 1 Male Adult

136 10/9/2006 NDOT SR229 WB ELKO 21.30 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

159 10/9/2006 NHP US93 Unkwn ELKO 84.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

160 10/9/2006 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 56.12 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

162 10/9/2006 NDOT IR80 SB ELKO 43.70 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

130 10/10/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 58.12 Cow 1 Male Juvenile



161 10/10/2006 ECSO SR225 SB ELKO 83.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

158 10/12/2006 NHP IR80 Unkwn ELKO 100.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



470 10/14/2006 NDOW US395 NB DOUGLAS 10.70 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

132 10/15/2006 NHP SR431 WB WASHOE 16.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

133 10/15/2006 NHP SR429 SB WASHOE 5.80 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

139 10/15/2006 NHP US395S Unkwn DOUGLAS 3.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

155 10/15/2006 NDOW US6 WB WHITE PINE 63.00 Elk 1 Male Adult

138 10/17/2006 DCSO US395 NB DOUGLAS 11.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


147 10/21/2006 NHP US395S SB WASHOE 3.80 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

148 10/21/2006 NDOT US6 WB WHITE PINE 68.50 Cow 3 Female Adult

156 10/21/2006 NHP US6 Unkwn WHITE PINE 68.00 Cow 2 Unkwn Unkwn

151 10/24/2006 NHP SR207 Unkwn DOUGLAS 10.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

154 10/24/2006 NDOW US50 EB WHITE PINE 0.00 Elk 1 Female Adult


141 10/26/2006 NDOW SR431 Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

150 10/26/2006 NHP US50 Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

146 10/29/2006 NDOT SR229 SB ELKO 20.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



143 10/30/2006 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 90.80 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


145 10/30/2006 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 15.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

153 10/30/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 92.30 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

164 11/1/2006 NDOT SR227 NB ELKO 9.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

115





474 11/1/2006 NDOW SR206 EB DOUGLAS 5.30 Deer 1 Male Adult

166 11/2/2006 NDOT IR80 Unkwn ELKO 75.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

167 11/2/2006 NHP US6 Unkwn MINERAL 21.96 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn





176 11/5/2006 NHP IR80W WB ELKO 7.86 Deer 1 Male Adult







172 11/6/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 94.20 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

174 11/6/2006 NHP SR28 Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn


177 11/6/2006 NDOW IR80 EB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

194 11/6/2006 NDOT SR227 EB ELKO 13.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

182 11/7/2006 NDOW IR80W WB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

183 11/7/2006 NDOT SR796 SB HUMBOLDT 0.50 Deer 1 Male Juvenile




191 11/7/2006 NDOT IR80W WB EUREKA 0.04 Deer 1 Male Adult



204 11/7/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 134.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

198 11/8/2006 NDOT IR80 WB ELKO 100.05 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

199 11/8/2006 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 14.60 Deer 1 Male Juvenile




196 11/9/2006 NDOT SR225 SB ELKO 9.50 Deer 1 Male Unkwn

205 11/9/2006 NDOW SR157 NB CLARK 1.30 Deer 1 Female Adult

192 11/10/2006 NDOW US93 NB ELKO 106.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



207 11/12/2006 NDOT SR338 Unkwn LYON 2.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

210 11/14/2006 NHP US95 NB HUMBOLDT 17.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile




214 11/15/2006 NDOT US95 EB HUMBOLDT 2.70 Deer 1 Female Adult

116

215 11/15/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 16.02 Coyote 2 Unkwn Unkwn

216 11/15/2006 NHP US50 WB DOUGLAS 14.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




220 11/17/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 11.12 Deer 1 Male Adult



208 11/18/2006 NHP SR160 EB CLARK 0.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

223 11/18/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 15.52 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

224 11/19/2006 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 95.05 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


226 11/20/2006 NDOT IR80 NB ELKO 98.05 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

228 11/20/2006 NDOT IR80 NB ELKO 98.05 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

227 11/21/2006 NDOT IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 15.18 Deer 1 Male Adult

252 11/21/2006 NDOW IR80W Unkwn HUMBOLDT 14.15 Deer 1 Male Adult





477 11/22/2006 NDOW US395S SB DOUGLAS 20.00 Deer 2 Male Adult



235 11/25/2006 NDOT SR229 Unkwn ELKO 31.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


234 11/27/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 123.00 Unkwn 1 Male Juvenile


238 11/27/2006 NDOT SR318 NB WHITE PINE 12.90 Deer 1 Male Adult


240 11/27/2006 NHP US395 Unkwn WASHOE 10.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

255 11/27/2006 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 89.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

243 11/28/2006 NHP US50 EB CARSON 7.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




254 11/30/2006 NDOT SR227 SB ELKO 4.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

707 11/30/2006 NHP US50 Unkwn CARSON 2.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


247 12/1/2006 NDOW SR318 Unkwn NYE 0.00 Deer 6 Unkwn Unkwn

248 12/1/2006 NDOW SR318 SB NYE 48.80 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Male Adult



709 12/1/2006 NDOT SR227 SB ELKO 3.60 Deer 1 Female Adult

710 12/1/2006 NDOT SR227 SB ELKO 4.70 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

715 12/1/2006 NHP SR445 NB WASHOE 2.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

711 12/2/2006 NDOT IR80 Unkwn ELKO 41.12 Deer 2 Female Adult

39 12/3/2006 NHP US50 WB CARSON 3.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

117

713 12/3/2006 NHP SR120 Unkwn CHURCHILL 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

714 12/3/2006 NDOT US395S SB WASHOE 10.40 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

717 12/3/2006 NHP SR160 NB CLARK 0.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

251 12/4/2006 NDOW IR80W WB WASHOE 26.80 Deer 1 Female Adult


266 12/4/2006 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 9.12 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn









723 12/7/2006 NHP US50 NB CHURCHILL 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

725 12/7/2006 NDOT SR318 EB WHITE PINE 11.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

728 12/7/2006 NDOT SR318 Unkwn WHITE PINE 12.80 Deer 1 Female Adult

267 12/8/2006 NDOW SR229 Unkwn ELKO 229.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

730 12/8/2006 NDOW IR80 Unkwn LANDER 3.81 Deer 2 Female Adult



729 12/11/2006 NDOW SR225 Unkwn ELKO 27.33 Deer 1 Male Adult

731 12/12/2006 NDOT SR318 NB WHITE PINE 12.90 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

732 12/12/2006 NDOT US6 WB WHITE PINE 10.60 Deer 1 Female Adult

733 12/12/2006 NDOT US6 WB WHITE PINE 9.40 Deer 1 Male Adult








739 12/15/2006 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 114.05 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



742 12/19/2006 NDOT US6 SB WHITE PINE 9.60 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

264 12/20/2006 NHP US50 EB WHITE PINE 0.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn


745 12/20/2006 NDOT US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 0.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

263 12/21/2006 NHP SR766 NB ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



753 12/21/2006 NDOT SR361 SB NYE 12.09 Cow 1 Female Adult



747 12/26/2006 NDOT SR318 Unkwn WHITE PINE 13.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

749 12/26/2006 NDOT US93 WB ELKO 37.60 Deer 1 Male Adult

750 12/27/2006 NDOW US6 WB WHITE PINE 10.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

118

751 12/27/2006 NDOW US6 WB WHITE PINE 10.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

262 12/29/2006 NDOT SR140 SB HUMBOLDT 79.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

757 12/30/2006 NDOT US395 NB WASHOE 4.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn

755 12/31/2006 NHP US50 WB LYON 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn



257 1/2/2007 NDOT US95S SB CHURCHILL 27.20 Other 1 Unkwn Adult

258 1/2/2007 NDOT US50 WB LYON 32.00 Cow 1 Female Adult


282 1/2/2007 NDOT SR361 SB CHURCHILL 14.30 Cow 1 Female Adult

1381 1/3/2007 NDOW SR140 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 79.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

268 1/6/2007 NDOT US395 NB WASHOE 5.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn

261 1/8/2007 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 46.50 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

269 1/10/2007 NDOT US6 SB WHITE PINE 10.20 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

299 1/10/2007 NDOT SR827 WB LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


276 1/13/2007 LYSO US95A Unkwn LYON 3.75 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn




288 1/15/2007 NHP US93A SB ELKO 3.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

298 1/15/2007 NDOT SR208 SB LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



270 1/19/2007 NHP IR80 EB LYON 0.00 Deer 3 Unkwn Unkwn

271 1/19/2007 NHP IR80 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

278 1/19/2007 NDOT IR80W EB WASHOE 41.50 Deer 2 Female Adult

279 1/23/2007 NDOT SR294 NB HUMBOLDT 0.50 Horse 1 Male Adult

281 1/23/2007 NDOT IR80 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

287 1/23/2007 NHP SR294 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 1.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


484 1/26/2007 NDOW SR206 WB DOUGLAS 11.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



283 1/29/2007 NDOT US6 NB WHITE PINE 10.20 Deer 1 Female Adult

285 1/29/2007 NDOT SR227 SB ELKO 15.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

350 1/29/2007 N/A SR208 SB LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


290 2/2/2007 NHP US50 WB LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

291 2/6/2007 NDOT US93 SB WHITE PINE 66.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn


293 2/8/2007 NDOT SR306 SB LANDER 8.70 Antelope 3 Unkwn Unkwn



296 2/14/2007 DCSO SR206 Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



119


347 2/17/2007 NDOW IR80W Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Mountain Lion 1 Unkwn Juvenile

301 2/18/2007 DCSO SR208 SB DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

300 2/19/2007 NDOT US95 NB HUMBOLDT 60.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn

346 2/21/2007 NDOT US50 WB LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

348 2/21/2007 NDOW IR80 EB WASHOE 0.00 Mountain Lion 1 Female Juvenile

446 2/21/2007 NDOT SR305 NB LANDER 52.25 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


302 3/1/2007 NDOT IR80W WB HUMBOLDT 14.30 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


304 3/1/2007 NDOT IR80W WB HUMBOLDT 14.30 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

326 3/4/2007 NHP IR80W Unkwn ELKO 12.60 Cow 1 Unkwn Juvenile


307 3/9/2007 NHP US95A Unkwn LYON 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


306 3/12/2007 LYSO SR208 Unkwn LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

308 3/12/2007 NDOT SR318 NB WHITE PINE 17.90 Deer 1 Female Adult

316 3/13/2007 NDOT SR892 EB WHITE PINE 24.00 Horse 2 Unkwn Unkwn

310 3/14/2007 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 85.20 Deer 1 Female Adult

315 3/14/2007 NDOT US93 WB ELKO 70.90 Deer 1 Female Adult


318 3/15/2007 LYSO SR339 SB LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






320 3/20/2007 NDOT IR80W WB EUREKA 4.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


322 3/23/2007 NDOT IR80 NB ELKO 91.00 Deer 3 Female Adult

321 3/28/2007 NDOT SR318 Unkwn NYE 0.00 Deer 2 Female Adult



329 3/31/2007 NHP US6 Unkwn WHITE PINE 49.30 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

449 4/1/2007 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 54.00 Antelope 2 Male Adult




330 4/5/2007 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 2.00 Turkey 1 Unkwn Unkwn


335 4/5/2007 NHP US50 EB CHURCHILL 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


333 4/6/2007 NHP US95A NB LYON 34.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

334 4/6/2007 NHP SR207 NB DOUGLAS 10.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


336 4/8/2007 NDOT SR232 EB ELKO 11.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


337 4/10/2007 DCSO US395S SB DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn

120

447 4/10/2007 NDOT SR305 NB LANDER 40.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


338 4/11/2007 NDOT SR227 SB ELKO 17.90 Deer 2 Male Unkwn


494 4/11/2007 NDOW SR206 WB DOUGLAS 10.10 Deer 1 Female Adult

340 4/12/2007 NHP US50 Unkwn LYON 0.00 other 1 Unkwn Unkwn





345 4/17/2007 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 14.30 Deer 1 Female Adult


352 4/19/2007 NDOT US6 WB WHITE PINE 11.50 Deer 1 Female Unkwn



353 4/25/2007 NHP IR80W Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



356 4/30/2007 NDOT US93A WB WHITE PINE 7.70 Deer 1 Female Adult

360 5/1/2007 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 9.70 Deer 1 Male Unkwn


357 5/3/2007 NDOT SR228 NB LYON 4.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

358 5/3/2007 NDOT US6 WB NYE 34.80 Cow 1 Male Adult

363 5/6/2007 NHP US395S SB DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

367 5/6/2007 NHP SR160 Unkwn CLARK 21.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


448 5/8/2007 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 56.00 Antelope 1 Female Adult

362 5/9/2007 NDOT SR278 NB MINERAL 21.25 Antelope 1 Female Adult

368 5/9/2007 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 124.80 Deer 1 Male Juvenile











383 5/26/2007 NHP IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 17.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



385 5/29/2007 NHP IR80W WB STOREY 44.67 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


539 5/31/2007 NHP SR227 SB ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


430 6/2/2007 NDOT SR341 NB STOREY 13.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

431 6/2/2007 NDOT SR376 SB NYE 12.20 Antelope 2 Female Unkwn

121

438 6/2/2007 NDOT US395 NB WASHOE 10.35 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

429 6/4/2007 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 28.80 Deer 1 Female Adult

437 6/4/2007 DCSO US395 NB DOUGLAS 1.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

435 6/6/2007 NDOT SR227 SB ELKO 6.20 OTHER 1 Unkwn Unkwn

434 6/8/2007 NDOW US93 SB CLARK 55.50 Bobcat 1 Unkwn Adult

442 6/10/2007 DCSO SR28 WB DOUGLAS 1.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


441 6/11/2007 N/A SR207 EB DOUGLAS 3.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

440 6/12/2007 N/A US95A Unkwn LYON 15.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



426 6/14/2007 NDOT IR80 Eb ELKO 58.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






421 6/16/2007 NHP SR289 EB HUMBOLDT 11.66 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

420 6/17/2007 NHP US50 EB LYON 2.00 Horse 2 Unkwn Unkwn

418 6/18/2007 NDOT IR80 NB HUMBOLDT 11.66 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



413 6/21/2007 NDOT US6 Unkwn MINERAL 8.70 Horse 1 Male Juvenile


415 6/21/2007 LYSO US95A NB LYON 14.11 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

412 6/26/2007 NHP SR118 Unkwn CHURCHILL 1.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

410 6/27/2007 NDOT SR118 EB CHURCHILL 1.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

411 6/28/2007 WASO IR80W WB WASHOE 23.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


405 6/30/2007 NDOW US93 NB LINCOLN 124.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



408 6/30/2007 NDOT IR80W WB WASHOE 44.67 Deer 1 Male Adult

403 7/1/2007 NDOT US93A SB ELKO 18.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

404 7/2/2007 NHP US395 NB DOUGLAS 10.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Adult

402 7/3/2007 NDOT US6 Unkwn WHITE PINE 32.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


401 7/5/2007 NDOT IR80W WB WASHOE 35.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


535 7/12/2007 NDOW SR306 NB EUREKA 17.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

399 7/13/2007 NHP SR445 NB WASHOE 35.55 Cow 1 Female Adult



398 7/17/2007 NHP US395 NB CARSON 2.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


389 7/18/2007 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 51.50 Deer 1 Female Adult


391 7/18/2007 NDOW SR338 SB LYON 14.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

122

386 7/19/2007 N/A US395 Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

443 7/19/2007 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 37.00 Deer 2 Female Adult


387 7/21/2007 NHP US395 WB DOUGLAS 23.00 Deer 1 Male Adult



397 7/26/2007 NDOT SR227 EB ELKO 19.00 Cow 1 Female Adult


537 7/26/2007 NDOT SR894 SB WHITE PINE 12.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

394 7/27/2007 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 50.00 Antelope 2 Female Adult


538 7/31/2007 NHP US95S SB HUMBOLDT 2.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


436 8/6/2007 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 24.20 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

506 8/6/2007 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 13.25 Burro 1 Male Adult


496 8/16/2007 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 25.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

498 8/26/2007 NDOT SR278 SB EUREKA 81.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

499 8/27/2007 NDOT US95S SB HUMBOLDT 45.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


1386 8/27/2007 NDOW SR140 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 8.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


497 8/30/2007 NDOT US395S SB WASHOE 35.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

501 9/5/2007 NDOT SR227 NB ELKO 13.40 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

503 9/7/2007 NDOT US93A EB ELKO 66.14 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

504 9/7/2007 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 24.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

505 9/7/2007 NDOT US93A EB ELKO 114.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

502 9/10/2007 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 25.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

507 9/13/2007 NDOT US6 NB WHITE PINE 46.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn


508 9/26/2007 NDOT US93A NB ELKO 31.00 Elk 1 Male Adult





515 10/2/2007 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 48.80 Deer 1 Male Adult



531 10/5/2007 NDOW US6 EB NYE 125.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

979 10/5/2007 NDOW US6 EB NYE 125.00 Deer 1 Male Adult



527 10/8/2007 NDOT IR580 WB WASHOE 79.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



522 10/10/2007 NDOT US93A SB ELKO 48.65 Elk 1 Male Adult



123




519 10/12/2007 NDOT US93A SB ELKO 90.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Juvenile



514 10/15/2007 NDOT US50 WB WHITE PINE 47.00 Deer 3 Unkwn Unkwn




543 10/16/2007 NDOT IR80W NB ELKO 89.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



547 10/17/2007 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 12.20 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn




550 10/19/2007 NDOW US6 WB WHITE PINE 61.00 Elk 1 Male Adult



553 10/22/2007 NDOW US93 SB LINCOLN 131.00 Deer 1 Male Unkwn


555 10/23/2007 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 50.00 Deer 2 Female Unkwn


557 10/24/2007 NDOW SR318 SB NYE 18.00 Deer 2 Female Adult

563 10/25/2007 NDOT SR227 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


562 10/26/2007 NDOT IR80 EB LANDER 13.86 Deer 1 Female Adult

567 10/26/2007 WPSO US6 SB WHITE PINE 54.00 Elk 1 Female Adult

558 10/27/2007 NDOT IR80 EB LANDER 16.36 Deer 1 Male Adult

559 10/27/2007 NHP IR80 EB LANDER 16.35 Deer 1 Male Adult


566 10/29/2007 NDOT US6 WB NYE 38.60 Cow 1 Female Adult



570 10/31/2007 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 84.30 Deer 1 Female Unkwn


572 11/1/2007 NDOW US6 WB WHITE PINE 0.00 Elk 1 Female Juvenile

573 11/2/2007 N/A SR318 WB WHITE PINE 19.00 Deer 2 Male Unkwn

574 11/2/2007 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 5.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

575 11/3/2007 NDOT IR80W WB EUREKA 16.86 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult


578 11/5/2007 NDOT IR80W WB LANDER 21.00 Deer 1 Male Adult




582 11/8/2007 NDOT IR80 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Deer 4 Female Unkwn

124

584 11/8/2007 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 131.00 Cow 1 Female Unkwn


586 11/10/2007 NHP US93 NB WHITE PINE 67.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn



590 11/13/2007 NDOT US95 NB CHURCHILL 18.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


592 11/14/2007 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 63.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


594 11/14/2007 NHP SR278 NB EUREKA 2.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


596 11/16/2007 NDOT US6 NB WHITE PINE 10.50 Deer 2 Female Juvenile


598 11/19/2007 NDOT IR80 EB EUREKA 19.90 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


600 11/19/2007 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 7.40 Deer 1 Male Adult





606 11/27/2007 NDOT SR228 NB ELKO 18.90 Deer 1 Male Unkwn



608 11/28/2007 NDOT US95S SB CHURCHILL 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

610 11/28/2007 NDOT SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 5.00 Horse 2 Female Juvenile


617 12/4/2007 NDOW US93 SB LINCOLN 2.25 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

612 12/5/2007 NDOT SR306 NB EUREKA 16.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

613 12/5/2007 EUSO SR306 Unkwn EUREKA 16.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

618 12/5/2007 NDOW US93 SB LINCOLN 2.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn

634 12/5/2007 NHP SR306 Unkwn EUREKA 16.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


635 12/7/2007 NHP IR80W WB EUREKA 18.86 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn


619 12/8/2007 NDOW SR319 EB LINCOLN 57.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


636 12/10/2007 NHP US6 Unkwn WHITE PINE 0.00 Deer 3 Female Juvenile

637 12/11/2007 NHP SR490 SB WHITE PINE 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

620 12/12/2007 NDOT US6 WB WHITE PINE 49.10 Elk 1 Male Adult

621 12/13/2007 NDOT SR227 WB ELKO 9.24 Deer 3 Female Adult




628 12/17/2007 NHP US50 Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn


630 12/17/2007 NHP US95A Unkwn LYON 35.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


125



627 12/18/2007 NDOT SR305 NB LANDER 36.20 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn



624 12/19/2007 NDOT SR305 WB LANDER 36.20 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Adult





633 12/21/2007 NHP US50 EB DOUGLAS 13.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




977 1/1/2008 NHP SR278 Unkwn EUREKA 45.60 Cow 2 Unkwn Unkwn






651 1/13/2008 NHP US50 Unkwn CHURCHILL 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

952 1/13/2008 NHP SR789 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 13.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn




659 1/19/2008 NDOT SR264 Unkwn ESMERALDA 14.00 Horse 1 Male Adult




658 1/22/2008 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 18.70 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

999 1/25/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 20.80 Deer 1 Female Adult













943 2/2/2008 NHP US50 Unkwn LYON 33.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

944 2/2/2008 NHP US95A NB LYON 77.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn



126





951 2/6/2008 LYSO SR824 NB LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


950 2/7/2008 WASO IR580S SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

953 2/7/2008 NHP US395S SB CARSON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


947 2/8/2008 NDOT US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

948 2/8/2008 NDOT IR80 EB EUREKA 8.96 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


956 2/8/2008 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 12.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult





1015 2/10/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 22.40 Deer 1 Female Juvenile










1031 2/17/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 21.40 Deer 1 Male Juvenile










960 2/22/2008 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 77.30 Deer 1 Female Juvenile




972 2/27/2008 DCSO US395S Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

963 2/29/2008 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

964 2/29/2008 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 117.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

973 2/29/2008 NDOT SR341 Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


976 2/29/2008 NHP US93 WB WHITE PINE 66.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

980 2/29/2008 NHP IR80 EB WASHOE 3.95 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

127

1073 3/1/2008 NDOT SR341 Unkwn WASHOE 17.40 Horse 1 Unkwn Juvenile







987 3/12/2008 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 54.70 Deer 1 Female Adult




1025 3/16/2008 NHP SR225 SB ELKO 27.33 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

989 3/17/2008 NDOT SR225 Unkwn ELKO 27.33 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

988 3/18/2008 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 33.90 Elk 1 Female Juvenile




992 3/19/2008 NDOT IR580S EB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






998 3/25/2008 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 34.00 Deer 1 Female Unkwn



701 3/27/2008 NDOW SR824 Unkwn LYON 0.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1037 3/27/2008 NHP US95 Unkwn MINERAL 56.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1070 3/27/2008 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 57.50 Cow 1 Female Unkwn





1041 4/6/2008 NHP US395S NB DOUGLAS 30.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1043 4/11/2008 NDOT SR376 EB LANDER 22.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



1044 4/16/2008 NDOT SR376 SB NYE 54.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

1045 4/16/2008 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 55.40 Deer 1 Male Adult

1046 4/16/2008 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 55.40 Deer 1 Male Juvenile





1051 4/22/2008 NDOT US95 Unkwn ESMERALDA 1.35 Antelope 1 Male Adult


128

1053 4/25/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 31.95 Elk 1 Male Adult


1055 4/26/2008 NDOT SR227 Unkwn ELKO 12.80 Deer 1 Male Adult

1056 4/26/2008 N/A US93 NB ELKO 94.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1059 4/26/2008 NHP US93 NB ELKO 94.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1063 4/28/2008 NDOT IR80W WB PERSHING 68.00 Antelope 1 Female Adult



1065 4/29/2008 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 57.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1068 5/3/2008 NHP SR160 Unkwn CLARK 30.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1076 5/5/2008 NHP SR446 Unkwn WASHOE 12.00 Horse 2 Unkwn Juvenile


1071 5/6/2008 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 57.25 Deer 1 Male Adult

1102 5/6/2008 NDOT IR80W WB WASHOE 43.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1072 5/7/2008 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 89.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1077 5/10/2008 NHP SR225 Unkwn ELKO 81.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1078 5/10/2008 NDOT IR80 EB LANDER 17.81 Deer 1 Female Adult


1104 5/10/2008 NHP SR225 Unkwn ELKO 81.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1081 5/12/2008 NDOT US395S Unkwn DOUGLAS 31.21 Other 1 Male Adult

1082 5/12/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn LYON 24.00 Other 1 Male Adult

1079 5/14/2008 NDOT SR225 Unkwn ELKO 47.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn






1089 5/19/2008 NDOT IR80 EB PERSHING 21.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



1093 5/22/2008 NDOT IR80W WB PERSHING 13.50 Deer 1 Female Adult


1095 5/24/2008 NHP US6 WB WHITE PINE 85.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1097 5/24/2008 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 85.10 Elk 1 Female Adult

1098 5/26/2008 NDOT SR722 WB LANDER 31.10 Deer 1 Female Adult



1090 6/3/2008 NDOT IR80 EB PERSHING 16.50 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Adult

1105 6/3/2008 NHP US50 EB CHURCHILL 16.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


129

1107 6/4/2008 NHP SR374 Unkwn NYE 36.50 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1100 6/5/2008 NDOT SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 5.80 Horse 1 Female Juvenile



1111 6/7/2008 LYSO US95A NB LYON 20.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1112 6/10/2008 DCSO US395S Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




1115 6/12/2008 NDOT IR80W Unkwn ELKO 22.12 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1118 6/14/2008 NDOT US95S SB CHURCHILL 20.80 Horse 1 Male Adult

1119 6/16/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn EUREKA 40.20 Deer 1 Male Juvenile




1122 6/18/2008 NDOT IR80 EB WASHOE 37.00 Deer 1 Female Adult




1124 6/20/2008 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 86.20 Antelope 1 Male Adult

1149 6/21/2008 NHP US93 SB ELKO 6.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






1140 6/25/2008 NHP US50 Unkwn DOUGLAS 1.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1147 6/26/2008 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 0.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn




1132 6/28/2008 NHP IR80W WB ELKO 2.12 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1134 6/28/2008 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 23.12 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1135 6/28/2008 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 2.12 Unkwn 1 Unkwn Unkwn






1153 7/1/2008 DCSO SR206 EB DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1151 7/2/2008 NHP IR15 NB CLARK 122.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

130


1155 7/3/2008 BLM US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1156 7/6/2008 NDOW US6 NB MINERAL 11.70 Horse 1 Male Adult

1158 7/7/2008 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 18.40 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1160 7/7/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn EUREKA 29.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1207 7/7/2008 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 40.50 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



1162 7/11/2008 NHP IR80W WB PERSHING 14.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1170 7/11/2008 NDOT SR361 SB CHURCHILL 10.10 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1163 7/12/2008 NHP IR80W EB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1169 7/13/2008 NHP IR80 EB PERSHING 14.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1182 7/14/2008 NHP SR227 NB ELKO 13.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile






1166 7/16/2008 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 33.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



1185 7/16/2008 NHP SR225 NB ELKO 33.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


1171 7/19/2008 NDOT IR80W Unkwn HUMBOLDT 13.19 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1172 7/21/2008 NDOT IR80W WB HUMBOLDT 12.67 Deer 1 Male Adult

1173 7/21/2008 NDOT IR80W WB PERSHING 63.30 Deer 1 Male Adult

1186 7/22/2008 NHP IR80W WB ELKO 16.86 Deer 1 Male Juvenile




1187 7/28/2008 NHP SR318 SB WHITE PINE 15.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1531 7/31/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn CARSON 6.80 Other 2 Female Adult

1180 8/3/2008 NHP US395 NB WASHOE 11.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1532 8/4/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn CARSON 12.90 Other 3 Unkwn Unkwn


1534 8/7/2008 NDOT SR513 Unkwn CARSON 0.31 Other 1 Unkwn Adult

1195 8/12/2008 NDOT IR80W WB PERSHING 13.50 Deer 1 Male Adult


1188 8/18/2008 NDOT SR140 EB HUMBOLDT 90.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

1189 8/18/2008 NDOT SR225 SB ELKO 70.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

1190 8/19/2008 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 94.05 Cow 1 Female Adult

1200 8/19/2008 NHP SR289 NB HUMBOLDT 2.00 Cow 2 Unkwn Unkwn




131


1192 8/23/2008 NDOT SR227 NB ELKO 0.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1537 9/3/2008 NDOW US50 NB LYON 26.00 Other 1 Male Adult


1202 9/6/2008 NHP SR160 WB CLARK 20.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1216 9/7/2008 NHP US50 EB EUREKA 38.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn









1536 9/17/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn LYON 14.00 Other 1 Unkwn Adult






1220 9/23/2008 NHP US6 EB WHITE PINE 57.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1212 9/25/2008 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 9.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1538 9/25/2008 NDOT US50 EB LYON 27.00 Other 1 Female Adult

1221 9/28/2008 NHP SR28 SB DOUGLAS 3.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1215 9/30/2008 NDOW SR651 SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1539 10/1/2008 NDOT US50 EB LYON 12.00 Other 1 Unkwn Adult


1227 10/3/2008 NDOT SR359 NB MINERAL 29.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1229 10/6/2008 NHP SR359 Unkwn MINERAL 29.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1242 10/6/2008 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 37.70 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1226 10/7/2008 NDOT SR359 SB MINERAL 27.20 Cow 1 Female Unkwn

1230 10/7/2008 NDOT IR80 Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






1231 10/10/2008 NHP SR431 EB WASHOE 13.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






132



1238 10/17/2008 NDOT SR427 Unkwn LYON 2.90 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



1241 10/19/2008 NHP SR160 Unkwn CLARK 23.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1245 10/21/2008 NHP US93 NB ELKO 85.00 Deer 3 Female Unkwn







1265 10/22/2008 NDOW IR80W WB ELKO 94.05 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1542 10/23/2008 NDOT US50 Unkwn LYON 8.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1262 10/25/2008 NHP US95S Unkwn CLARK 0.00 Sheep or Goat 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1254 10/28/2008 NDOT IR80W Unkwn ELKO 17.00 Deer 1 Male Adult





1261 10/29/2008 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 0.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn




1284 11/1/2008 NHP SR341 NB LYON 1.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1285 11/1/2008 NHP US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Unkwn 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1263 11/3/2008 NDOW SR429 Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

1273 11/4/2008 NDOT US50 WB WHITE PINE 33.05 Elk 1 Female Juvenile

1274 11/4/2008 NDOT SR117 WB CHURCHILL 0.50 Deer 2 Female Unkwn

1289 11/5/2008 LYSO US50 Unkwn LYON 20.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1540 11/5/2008 NDOT US50 WB LYON 20.00 Horse 1 Female Adult


1283 11/7/2008 NDOT SR535 WB ELKO 23.75 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1278 11/8/2008 NDOT IR80W WB HUMBOLDT 4.31 Cow 1 Male Adult





1280 11/10/2008 NDOT SR116 Unkwn CHURCHILL 6.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

1286 11/10/2008 NHP SR117 NB CHURCHILL 2.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

133







1314 11/13/2008 NHP SR228 EB ELKO 22.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






1293 11/17/2008 NDOT US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1315 11/17/2008 NHP US93 NB WHITE PINE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1294 11/18/2008 NDOT US93 Unkwn ELKO 67.40 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1310 11/18/2008 NHP US93 Unkwn ELKO 67.40 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn






1543 11/21/2008 NDOT US50 WB LYON 16.20 Horse 1 Male Adult


1325 11/22/2008 NHP SR757 WB DOUGLAS 7.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1324 11/23/2008 LYSO SR341 Unkwn STOREY 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1297 11/24/2008 NDOT SR341 Unkwn STOREY 14.00 Deer 1 Male Adult





1316 11/26/2008 NHP SR228 Unkwn ELKO 18.90 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

1307 11/27/2008 NDOT IR80W WB PERSHING 56.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1545 12/1/2008 NDOT US50 EB CARSON 14.60 Other 1 Male Adult

1546 12/1/2008 NDOT US50 WB LYON 4.00 Other 1 Female Adult

1319 12/2/2008 NDOT US95 NB HUMBOLDT 41.72 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1322 12/2/2008 NHP US50 EB LYON 35.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1329 12/2/2008 NDOT US50 EB EUREKA 36.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1346 12/2/2008 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 1.35 Cow 1 Female Adult

1349 12/2/2008 NHP US95 NB HUMBOLDT 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1320 12/4/2008 NDOT IR80W EB ELKO 17.01 Deer 5 Male Adult




134



1354 12/5/2008 NHP US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 50.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1332 12/6/2008 LYSO US50 EB LYON 32.50 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1333 12/7/2008 NHP SR431 SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1347 12/8/2008 NDOT US50 EB LYON 32.50 Cow 1 Female Adult

1306 12/9/2008 NDOT SR766 WB ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1355 12/9/2008 NHP US93A NB ELKO 32.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1356 12/9/2008 NHP IR80W Unkwn ELKO 11.02 Deer 1 Male Adult





1343 12/11/2008 NDOT SR264 Unkwn ESMERALDA 13.00 Horse 1 Male Juvenile


1339 12/17/2008 NDOT SR766 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


1341 12/19/2008 NDOT US50 WB WHITE PINE 51.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1360 12/22/2008 NHP US93 EB WHITE PINE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1345 12/25/2008 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 27.33 Antelope 15 Unkwn Unkwn



1363 12/27/2008 NHP IR80 WB ELKO 114.05 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1364 12/29/2008 NDOT SR361 SB NYE 15.50 Cow 1 Unkwn Adult


1348 12/30/2008 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 0.90 Cow 1 Female Adult


1366 12/30/2008 NHP US395 NB WASHOE 8.00 Bobcat 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1371 12/31/2008 NHP US95 Unkwn CLARK 0.00 Bighorn Sheep 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1547 1/7/2009 NDOT US50 EB LYON 0.40 Other 1 Female Adult





1548 1/8/2009 CITY OF RENO

US50 EB LYON 5.50 Other 1 Male Adult




1370 1/12/2009 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 37.10 Deer 2 Female Juvenile


135


1549 1/12/2009 CITY OF RENO

US50 WB LYON 19.60 Horse 1 Male Juvenile

1374 1/13/2009 NDOT SR892 NB WHITE PINE 5.00 Cow 1 Male Adult




1407 1/13/2009 NHP SR892 NB WHITE PINE 5.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1379 1/16/2009 NDOT SR490 WB WHITE PINE 3.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

1410 1/16/2009 NHP SR490 Unkwn WHITE PINE 3.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1399 2/3/2009 NDOT SR844 EB NYE 1.40 Cow 2 Female Adult

1400 2/3/2009 NDOT SR490 WB WHITE PINE 7.00 Deer 1 Female Adult





1411 2/8/2009 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 116.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile


1412 2/9/2009 NDOT IR80 Unkwn ELKO 10.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1425 2/9/2009 NDOW IR80 Unkwn ELKO 12.12 Deer 1 Female Juvenile




1421 2/17/2009 NDOT US50 WB WHITE PINE 26.50 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1877 2/18/2009 NDOT US50 Unkwn CARSON 4.50 Deer 1 Male Adult






1432 3/5/2009 NDOT SR227 EB ELKO 11.70 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1469 3/5/2009 NHP SR227 EB ELKO 11.70 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


1470 3/11/2009 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 114.05 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1436 3/12/2009 NHP SR118 Unkwn CHURCHILL 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1551 3/12/2009 NDOT US50 WB CARSON 13.10 Other 1 Female Adult

1437 3/13/2009 NDOT SR227 NB ELKO 9.50 Other 1 Unkwn Adult




136


1440 3/17/2009 NHP US395 SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1443 3/18/2009 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 30.00 Elk 1 Male Adult













1453 4/5/2009 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 71.65 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1465 4/5/2009 NHP US95S SB CHURCHILL 72.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn




1456 4/10/2009 NDOT US6 SB NYE 126.00 Deer 2 Female Adult

1459 4/11/2009 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 58.10 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1467 4/11/2009 NHP US95S SB CHURCHILL 58.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1454 4/12/2009 NDOT US95 NB HUMBOLDT 10.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



1461 4/15/2009 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 91.30 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1464 4/18/2009 NHP IR15 Unkwn CLARK 111.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1468 4/18/2009 NHP SR431 WB WASHOE 19.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

1462 4/20/2009 NDOT IR80W WB EUREKA 5.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

1463 4/20/2009 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 75.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Juvenile


1476 5/1/2009 NDOT US395S SB CARSON 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




1552 5/12/2009 NDOT US50 EB CARSON 11.00 Other 1 Female Adult

1480 5/13/2009 NDOT SR766 Unkwn EUREKA 3.70 Deer 2 Male Adult

1481 5/13/2009 NDOT SR766 Unkwn EUREKA 3.70 Deer 1 Female Adult

1516 5/13/2009 NHP SR766 Unkwn EUREKA 4.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn





1483 5/24/2009 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 84.60 Antelope 1 Unkwn Adult

1518 5/24/2009 NHP US93 SB WHITE PINE 93.40 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1503 5/27/2009 NHP US395S WB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

137


1491 5/28/2009 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 33.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1492 5/28/2009 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 34.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


1519 5/29/2009 NHP SR227 WB ELKO 6.89 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1488 6/2/2009 NDOT SR376 SB NYE 65.90 Antelope 1 Female Adult




1485 6/4/2009 NDOT US93 WB WHITE PINE 71.00 Antelope 1 Male Adult

1486 6/4/2009 NDOT SR227 SB ELKO 13.60 Deer 1 Female Unkwn



1487 6/8/2009 NDOT US50 WB WHITE PINE 39.00 Antelope 1 Male Adult

1489 6/8/2009 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 37.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult




1499 6/9/2009 NDOT US50 WB CARSON 4.00 Deer 1 Female Adult







1553 6/15/2009 NDOT US50 WB LYON 9.00 Other 1 Male Adult

1500 6/16/2009 NDOT SR361 SB MINERAL 14.50 Cow 1 Female Adult







1522 6/18/2009 NDOW SR207 Unkwn DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1562 6/18/2009 NHP US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 69.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1525 6/24/2009 NHP US50 Unkwn LYON 4.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1550 6/24/2009 NDOT US50 EB LYON 3.00 Horse 1 Female Juvenile

1527 6/25/2009 NDOT SR305 Unkwn LANDER 30.80 Antelope 1 Female Adult

1528 6/26/2009 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 66.50 Antelope 1 Male Unkwn





1554 6/29/2009 NDOT US50 WB LYON 17.60 Horse 1 Female Juvenile

138



1555 7/1/2009 NDOT US6 WB NYE 23.10 Horse 1 Female Adult

1556 7/2/2009 NDOT SR289 EB HUMBOLDT 14.14 Deer 1 Female Adult

1568 7/4/2009 NHP US395S Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1558 7/6/2009 NDOT SR604 NB CLARK 16.80 Horse 1 Male Juvenile

1567 7/8/2009 NDOT SR361 SB MINERAL 7.50 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1566 7/9/2009 NDOT IR80W Unkwn ELKO 3.62 Deer 1 Male Adult

1570 7/10/2009 NDOT IR80 EB LANDER 17.81 Deer 1 Male Adult





1583 7/20/2009 NDOT SR715 WB CHURCHILL 1.10 Deer 1 Male Adult

1584 7/20/2009 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 14.00 Deer 2 Male Adult



1736 7/25/2009 NDOT US50 EB CARSON 7.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1575 7/27/2009 NDOT SR229 EB ELKO 20.00 Deer 1 Male Adult



1586 7/27/2009 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 14.20 Deer 1 Male Adult

1578 7/28/2009 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 19.75 Cow 1 Female Adult

1577 8/1/2009 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 17.12 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult


1588 8/2/2009 NHP US50 WB CARSON 2.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1579 8/3/2009 NDOT SR289 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 14.14 Deer 1 Male Adult


1624 8/3/2009 NHP SR289 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 14.14 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1587 8/4/2009 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 17.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1589 8/12/2009 NDOT SR341 SB WASHOE 3.80 Bobcat 1 Male Adult

1591 8/12/2009 NHP US50 EB LYON 8.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1593 8/14/2009 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 33.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

1626 8/14/2009 NHP SR227 NB ELKO 13.20 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1594 8/17/2009 NDOT SR227 EB ELKO 13.20 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1595 8/20/2009 NDOT US6 EB NYE 119.80 Antelope 1 Male Adult

1627 8/20/2009 NHP US6 NB NYE 118.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1596 8/21/2009 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 13.00 Burro 1 Male Adult



1606 8/21/2009 NHP US50A EB LYON 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1607 8/21/2009 DCSO US50 EB DOUGLAS 0.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1628 8/21/2009 NHP SR229 Unkwn ELKO 23.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1629 8/21/2009 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 28.02 Deer 1 Female Adult

1599 8/23/2009 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 70.00 Mountain Lion 1 Unkwn Unkwn

139


1630 8/23/2009 NHP US93 NB ELKO 70.00 Mountain Lion 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1631 8/23/2009 N/A SR225 Unkwn ELKO 109.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


1632 8/24/2009 NHP SR490 SB WHITE PINE 5.70 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1602 8/25/2009 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 11.12 Other 1 Unkwn Adult

1603 8/26/2009 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 10.50 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1608 8/26/2009 NDOT SR376 NB LANDER 8.05 Deer 1 Female Adult

1609 8/26/2009 DCSO US50 Unkwn DOUGLAS 1.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1737 8/27/2009 NDOT US50 WB DOUGLAS 1.50 Deer 1 Female Adult






1739 8/31/2009 NDOT US50 WB CARSON 10.00 Elk 1 Female Unkwn

1613 9/1/2009 NDOT US93A NB ELKO 33.00 Horse 1 Male Adult

1645 9/1/2009 NHP US93 NB ELKO 33.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1648 9/1/2009 NHP US93A NB ELKO 33.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1614 9/3/2009 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 24.60 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn

1615 9/3/2009 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 24.60 Burro 1 Male Adult

1616 9/3/2009 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 12.80 Burro 1 Male Juvenile

1620 9/3/2009 NHP US95 NB MINERAL 0.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1617 9/4/2009 NDOT US95 SB HUMBOLDT 17.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

1646 9/4/2009 NHP US95S SB HUMBOLDT 17.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1649 9/4/2009 NHP SR789 SB HUMBOLDT 16.25 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1740 9/4/2009 NDOT US50 WB DOUGLAS 120.00 Other 1 Male Juvenile






1641 9/14/2009 WASO SR445 NB WASHOE 25.50 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1636 9/18/2009 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 12.95 Burro 1 Female Juvenile


1738 9/18/2009 NDOT US50 EB CARSON 1.00 Other 1 Unkwn Juvenile

1639 9/21/2009 NHP IR80 Unkwn CHURCHILL 88.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1741 9/21/2009 NDOT US50 WB DOUGLAS 13.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

1638 9/23/2009 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 83.00 Elk 1 Male Juvenile




1642 9/28/2009 NDOT SR116 EB CHURCHILL 1.00 Deer 2 Male Adult

1654 10/5/2009 NHP SR397 Unkwn PERSHING 0.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn

140




1656 10/8/2009 LYSO US50 Unkwn LYON 15.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1698 10/8/2009 NHP IR80W WB ELKO 16.12 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile




1700 10/9/2009 NHP IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 14.18 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile









1703 10/18/2009 EUSO US50 Unkwn EUREKA 37.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1742 10/19/2009 NDOT US50 WB DOUGLAS 3.00 Other 1 Male Adult



1669 10/22/2009 NDOT SR318 NB WHITE PINE 13.51 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile




1671 10/23/2009 NDOT US93 Unkwn ELKO 91.00 Deer 1 Male Adult




1744 10/24/2009 NDOT SR28 NB WASHOE 8.00 Other 1 Unkwn Adult





1675 10/27/2009 NDOT US93 EB ELKO 84.70 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


1677 10/27/2009 NDOT SR227 Unkwn ELKO 17.20 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

1743 10/27/2009 NDOT SR28 SB CARSON 1.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1678 10/28/2009 NDOT SR119 EB CHURCHILL 2.00 Deer 1 Male Adult




1683 10/29/2009 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 92.00 Mountain Lion 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1712 10/30/2009 NHP SR227 WB ELKO 2.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


1687 10/31/2009 NDOT SR115 NB CHURCHILL 4.20 Deer 2 Female Adult

141






1688 11/2/2009 NDOT SR116 WB CHURCHILL 0.20 Deer 1 Male Adult



1681 11/3/2009 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 1.10 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

1682 11/3/2009 NDOT US6 Unkwn MINERAL 7.90 Horse 1 Female Adult


1692 11/3/2009 NDOW SR318 NB WHITE PINE 13.00 Deer 1 Male Adult








1541 11/7/2009 NDOT US50 EB LYON 6.50 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


1713 11/9/2009 NDOT US6 EB NYE 122.70 Deer 1 Male Juvenile








1758 11/10/2009 N/A IR80W WB ELKO 28.12 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn









1722 11/17/2009 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 55.12 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn

1723 11/17/2009 NDOT US95S SB HUMBOLDT 40.50 Deer 1 Female Adult



1734 11/19/2009 NDOT SR892 Unkwn WHITE PINE 0.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1735 11/19/2009 NDOT SR278 Unkwn EUREKA 1.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

1745 11/19/2009 NDOT US50 EB CARSON 3.60 Deer 1 Male Unkwn


1875 11/23/2009 NDOT SR28 Unkwn WASHOE 10.99 Other 1 Male Juvenile

142

1746 11/24/2009 NDOT SR227 NB ELKO 5.10 Deer 2 Female Unkwn




1876 11/24/2009 NDOT SR28 SB WASHOE 0.50 Deer 1 Male Adult







1775 11/26/2009 NHP US50 EB LYON 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn










1756 12/1/2009 NDOT US6 NB WHITE PINE 8.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


1777 12/3/2009 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 12.40 Burro 1 Female Juvenile

1779 12/4/2009 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 59.90 Horse 1 Male Adult

1783 12/4/2009 NHP IR80W NB PERSHING 20.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




1788 12/9/2009 NDOT SR264 Unkwn ESMERALDA 21.00 Horse 1 Female Adult




1785 12/11/2009 NDOT US50 SB WHITE PINE 63.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

1786 12/11/2009 NDOT US6 WB WHITE PINE 56.60 Elk 1 Female Adult

1792 12/12/2009 LYSO US50 NB LYON 0.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1789 12/14/2009 NDOT US6 SB NYE 7.00 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

1791 12/14/2009 NDOT SR361 SB CHURCHILL 11.40 Cow 3 Female Adult




1807 12/16/2009 NHP SR535 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Unkwn 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1808 12/17/2009 NHP IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 14.18 Deer 1 Male Adult


1795 12/19/2009 N/A IR80W WB ELKO 115.05 Deer 1 Female Adult

1799 12/19/2009 NDOT IR580 NB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


143





1798 12/24/2009 NDOT US6 NB ESMERALDA 38.50 Cow 1 Female Adult

1802 12/28/2009 NDOT SR227 EB ELKO 7.10 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


1812 12/28/2009 NHP US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 25.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

1831 1/2/2010 NDOW IR80 EB ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

1842 1/2/2010 NHP US95S SB HUMBOLDT 42.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1816 1/5/2010 NHP US395S NB DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1839 1/7/2010 NHP SR318 Unkwn LINCOLN 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1827 1/20/2010 HUSO US95S SB HUMBOLDT 42.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1828 1/20/2010 NHP US93 SB WHITE PINE 0.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1818 1/21/2010 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 15.60 Elk 1 Female Adult


2252 1/25/2010 NDOT US95 SB ESMERALDA 89.30 Cow 1 Female Adult




1824 1/28/2010 NHP SR445 NB WASHOE 26.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1819 2/1/2010 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 56.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


1825 2/3/2010 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 16.45 Other 1 Male Adult

1843 2/3/2010 NHP US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 23.00 Deer 2 Female Adult





1845 2/11/2010 NDOW IR80W WB ELKO 16.12 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1835 2/13/2010 NDOT SR225 SB ELKO 75.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn



1837 2/16/2010 NHP US95 Unkwn MINERAL 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1838 2/22/2010 LYSO US50 EB LYON 6.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1849 2/22/2010 NHP IR80 EB EUREKA 3.85 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


144


1852 2/28/2010 NHP IR80 EB LYON 4.91 Cow 2 Unkwn Unkwn












1862 3/18/2010 NHP SR207 SB DOUGLAS 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



1866 3/20/2010 NHP US93 Unkwn LINCOLN 157.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1867 3/23/2010 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 56.85 Horse 4 Unkwn Unkwn

1868 3/23/2010 NDOT SR376 SB NYE 55.10 Deer 1 Female Adult

1881 3/23/2010 NHP US95 SB MINERAL 55.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn









1880 4/1/2010 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 87.05 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

1888 4/1/2010 NDOT IR80W WB LANDER 58.20 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1887 4/2/2010 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 27.50 Elk 1 Female Adult

1929 4/3/2010 NDOT US6 SB WHITE PINE 24.50 Elk 1 Female Adult





1891 4/12/2010 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 80.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1892 4/13/2010 NDOT SR379 WB NYE 11.00 Cow 1 Female Adult

1919 4/13/2010 NHP SR379 Unkwn NYE 11.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1968 4/14/2010 NDOT SR88 SB DOUGLAS 6.80 Other 1 Unkwn Adult




1898 4/19/2010 NDOT US50 EB CHURCHILL 29.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



145

1901 4/19/2010 NDOT US93 SB WHITE PINE 7.00 Deer 1 Female Adult






1967 4/20/2010 NDOT SR206 SB DOUGLAS 11.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

1969 4/20/2010 NDOT US395S SB DOUGLAS 3.10 Deer 1 Female Adult


2202 4/23/2010 NDOT US50 WB CARSON 2.50 Deer 2 Female Juvenile

1905 4/24/2010 NHP US95 NB CLARK 0.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1923 4/24/2010 NHP SR140 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 99.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1908 4/25/2010 NDOT SR160 NB CLARK 12.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Adult

1911 4/26/2010 NHP US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn




1966 4/27/2010 NDOT SR206 NB DOUGLAS 10.00 Deer 1 Male Adult




1965 4/29/2010 NDOT US395 NB DOUGLAS 3.10 Deer 1 Female Adult



1916 4/30/2010 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 10.50 Antelope 1 Male Juvenile

1925 4/30/2010 NHP US50 WB EUREKA 10.80 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1926 4/30/2010 NHP US93A NB ELKO 92.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1917 5/1/2010 NHP US50 EB WHITE PINE 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1928 5/1/2010 NHP SR341 Unkwn LYON 0.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1932 5/2/2010 NDOT SR341 NB LYON 0.65 Horse 1 Male Juvenile

1934 5/3/2010 NDOT IR80W WB LANDER 25.81 Other 5 Unkwn Unkwn

1959 5/3/2010 NHP IR80W WB LANDER 25.81 Other 3 Unkwn Unkwn







1931 5/6/2010 NDOT SR290 NB HUMBOLDT 16.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


1939 5/11/2010 NHP SR445 NB WASHOE 28.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1936 5/12/2010 LYSO US95A Unkwn LYON 34.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1940 5/12/2010 LYSO SR341 Unkwn LYON 0.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1962 5/17/2010 NDOT US395S Unkwn DOUGLAS 29.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


146

1941 5/18/2010 NDOT US6 NB NYE 5.00 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

1942 5/18/2010 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 0.50 Elk 1 Male Adult

1961 5/19/2010 NDOT SR206 Unkwn DOUGLAS 10.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

1947 5/20/2010 WASO SR28 WB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

1945 5/22/2010 WASO US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn

1946 5/23/2010 WASO US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


1944 5/24/2010 NDOT IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 14.20 Other 1 Unkwn Juvenile


1955 5/26/2010 NHP FREL05 Unkwn ELKO 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1950 6/1/2010 NDOT SR119 WB CHURCHILL 2.50 Deer 1 Female Adult











1963 6/10/2010 NDOT SR207 WB DOUGLAS 5.40 Deer 1 Female Adult






1982 6/17/2010 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 26.12 Deer 1 Female Unkwn








2203 6/23/2010 NDOT SR28 Unkwn WASHOE 0.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

1980 6/24/2010 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 47.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn








147

2040 6/29/2010 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 42.05 Antelope 1 Female Adult






2044 7/6/2010 NDOT SR893 NB WHITE PINE 38.50 Deer 1 Male Adult


2022 7/8/2010 NDOT SR400 Unkwn PERSHING 14.70 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2023 7/12/2010 EUSO US50 EB EUREKA 43.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2046 7/13/2010 NDOT US93A NB ELKO 8.00 Deer 1 Female Adult





2051 7/21/2010 NDOT SR208 Unkwn LYON 5.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2052 7/23/2010 NDOT SR341 SB STOREY 7.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


2053 7/24/2010 NDOT US6 SB WHITE PINE 29.00 Elk 1 Male Adult





2003 7/29/2010 NHP US95A Unkwn LYON 8.75 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2030 7/30/2010 NHP SR604 Unkwn CLARK 57.60 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2031 8/3/2010 NDOT SR318 WB WHITE PINE 13.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2002 8/5/2010 LYSO US95A Unkwn LYON 36.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2066 8/14/2010 NDOT US95 SB NYE 37.10 Burro 1 Female Adult

1999 8/16/2010 NHP US95A WB LYON 12.75 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2010 8/18/2010 NHP US395S SB WASHOE 0.00 Bobcat 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2061 8/18/2010 NDOT SR376 SB LANDER 6.10 Deer 1 Female Adult

2011 8/20/2010 NHP SR28 Unkwn CARSON 2.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn







2001 8/31/2010 NHP US95A Unkwn LYON 12.75 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2067 9/2/2010 NDOT SR278 NB EUREKA 31.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

148





2069 9/18/2010 NDOT SR294 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 6.00 Deer 1 Male Adult



2070 9/20/2010 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 64.20 Deer 1 Female Unkwn


2205 9/20/2010 NDOT US50 WB DOUGLAS 1.50 Bear 1 Male Adult





2004 9/24/2010 NDOT SR225 Unkwn ELKO 86.00 Antelope 1 Female Adult




1990 10/4/2010 NDOT US50 WB LANDER 44.40 Deer 1 Female Adult


2135 10/4/2010 NDOT US50 Unkwn LANDER 44.40 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2172 10/6/2010 DCSO US395S SB WASHOE 0.42 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn





2157 10/11/2010 NDOT SR28 Unkwn WASHOE 0.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2129 10/15/2010 NHP US93 Unkwn ELKO 141.88 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2130 10/18/2010 NDOT US93 WB ELKO 92.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





1844 10/20/2010 BLM SR159 Unkwn CLARK 0.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2152 10/20/2010 OTHER SR159 Unkwn CLARK 7.50 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2170 10/21/2010 NHP SR225 Unkwn ELKO 92.00 Deer 1 Female Adult











149


2139 10/28/2010 NDOT SR824 NB LYON 1.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

2140 10/28/2010 NDOT SR823 SB LYON 2.00 Deer 1 Male Adult






2206 11/4/2010 NDOT US50 WB CARSON 4.20 Deer 1 Male Adult



2122 11/7/2010 NYSO SR160 Unkwn NYE 23.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2121 11/8/2010 NDOT US6 EB NYE 22.80 Horse 1 Female Juvenile


2118 11/9/2010 NDOT US6 NB NYE 123.50 Deer 1 Female Adult


2111 11/10/2010 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 67.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


2207 11/10/2010 NDOT US50 EB CARSON 5.50 Deer 1 Female Adult


2114 11/12/2010 NDOT SR305 SB LANDER 84.50 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn


2113 11/13/2010 NHP SR159 EB CLARK 2.30 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2109 11/15/2010 NDOT SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 11.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Adult

2112 11/15/2010 NDOT SR341 Unkwn STOREY 6.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

2106 11/16/2010 NDOT US95 EB HUMBOLDT 5.00 Deer 4 Female Adult

2107 11/16/2010 NDOT IR80 EB LANDER 25.30 Deer 1 Male Unkwn

2110 11/16/2010 NDOT SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 10.70 Burro 1 Male Unkwn

2097 11/17/2010 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 26.70 Elk 1 Female Juvenile




2102 11/18/2010 NDOT US6 NB NYE 96.70 Deer 1 Female Adult

2104 11/18/2010 NDOT SR278 NB EUREKA 1.00 Deer 1 Male Adult











2092 11/26/2010 NDOT IR80 EB WASHOE 36.84 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

150


2095 11/27/2010 NDOT US93 SB ELKO 122.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult


2160 11/29/2010 NDOW SR156 Unkwn CLARK 8.97 Elk 1 Female Adult



2090 11/30/2010 NDOT SR278 NB EUREKA 1.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


2159 12/1/2010 NDOW SR156 Unkwn CLARK 7.57 Elk 1 Male Juvenile






2194 12/3/2010 NHP IR80W WB LANDER 25.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2181 12/10/2010 NDOT SR318 SB WHITE PINE 11.80 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2208 12/10/2010 NDOT US50 WB CARSON 5.00 Deer 1 Male Adult




2233 12/13/2010 NDOT US50 EB LANDER 33.20 Deer 1 Female Adult


2185 12/14/2010 NDOT SR361 NB NYE 18.50 Cow 2 Female Adult


2184 12/15/2010 NDOT SR318 NB WHITE PINE 5.20 Deer 1 Male Juvenile




2212 12/22/2010 CHSO SR117 Unkwn CHURCHILL 1.06 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn









2199 1/10/2011 NDOT SR338 NB LYON 5.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2200 1/10/2011 NDOT SR208 WB DOUGLAS 0.40 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2209 1/10/2011 NOT US50 WB CARSON 2.00 Bobcat 1 Unkwn Juvenile



2197 1/13/2011 NDOT SR360 WB MINERAL 1.70 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Unkwn


2198 1/18/2011 NDOT SR829 Unkwn LYON 0.50 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

151

2225 1/19/2011 NDOT SR318 Unkwn NYE 36.80 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2226 1/19/2011 NDOT SR318 Unkwn NYE 37.30 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2249 1/19/2011 NHP US95 EB HUMBOLDT 36.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2217 1/20/2011 NDOT US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 41.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


2223 1/22/2011 NDOT IR80 Unkwn EUREKA 4.86 Deer 1 Female Adult



2216 1/24/2011 NDOT SR208 EB LYON 10.50 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Adult

2218 1/24/2011 NDOT IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 23.31 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2227 1/24/2011 NDOT SR339 Unkwn LYON 4.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2231 1/27/2011 NDOT US50 WB WHITE PINE 25.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2243 1/27/2011 LYSO US95A EB LYON 8.00 Horse 2 Unkwn Unkwn

2253 1/27/2011 NDOT US50 WB WHITE PINE 25.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


2230 1/30/2011 NDOT US6 NB WHITE PINE 98.14 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2250 2/3/2011 NDOT SR376 SB NYE 55.38 Deer 2 Male Adult

2257 2/3/2011 NHP SR376 SB NYE 55.48 Deer 1 Female Adult

2241 2/5/2011 NHP US395 SB DOUGLAS 29.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2242 2/5/2011 NHP US95A WB LYON 36.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





2251 2/9/2011 NHP US95 EB HUMBOLDT 52.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2265 2/11/2011 NDOT SR318 NB WHITE PINE 10.50 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


2267 2/14/2011 NDOT SR376 SB LANDER 12.50 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Adult





2266 2/24/2011 NDOT SR318 WB NYE 35.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


2273 3/4/2011 NDOT SR372 NB HUMBOLDT 41.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2288 3/8/2011 NHP US50 Unkwn LYON 29.40 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


152

2289 3/12/2011 MISO US95 Unkwn MINERAL 55.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2291 3/12/2011 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 55.00 Antelope 1 Male Adult

2278 3/14/2011 NDOT SR338 NB LYON 6.20 Deer 1 Male Adult



2281 3/16/2011 NDOT US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 69.00 Hawk, Owl, Eagle

1 Unkwn Adult






2292 3/18/2011 NHP SR159 Unkwn CLARK 8.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2298 3/26/2011 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 59.80 Horse 1 Male Juvenile


2299 3/29/2011 NDOT ARNY44 EB NYE 18.90 Antelope 1 Male Adult


2297 3/31/2011 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 58.00 Horse 3 Female Adult




2333 4/1/2011 NDOT US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 39.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






2316 4/7/2011 NDOT SR318 EB NYE 30.40 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2335 4/7/2011 NDOT US93 Unkwn ELKO 92.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2318 4/8/2011 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 57.00 Horse 1 Female Adult

2336 4/8/2011 NHP SR400 Unkwn PERSHING 0.97 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn








2312 4/13/2011 NDOT SR361 SB NYE 16.20 Antelope 1 Unkwn Adult


2322 4/13/2011 NDOT IR80W WB EUREKA 22.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



2311 4/15/2011 NDOT IR80W EB EUREKA 6.20 Deer 1 Male Adult


2327 4/16/2011 NHP US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 18.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2309 4/18/2011 NDOT US95 NB CHURCHILL 24.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

153

2342 4/19/2011 LYSO US50 Unkwn LYON 4.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2302 4/21/2011 NDOT SR208 EB DOUGLAS 8.00 Deer 1 Male Adult





2339 4/23/2011 NHP US95 NB HUMBOLDT 70.00 Horse 2 Unkwn Unkwn


2341 5/4/2011 NDOT US6 EB NYE 122.10 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2373 5/5/2011 NHP US93 SB WHITE PINE 111.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2345 5/10/2011 NHP IR80W WB LYON 15.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2344 5/12/2011 NDOT US93 SB WHITE PINE 61.30 Antelope 1 Male Adult




2350 5/20/2011 NHP US50 WB LANDER 2.50 Antelope 1 Female Adult


2351 5/23/2011 NDOT SR119 Unkwn CHURCHILL 1.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

2352 5/28/2011 NDOT SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 4.85 Horse 1 Male Juvenile







2714 6/1/2011 NDOT SR429 SB WASHOE 7.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Adult


2360 6/3/2011 NDOT US395 NB WASHOE 7.07 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2361 6/4/2011 LVMPD SR158 Unkwn CLARK 2.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2364 6/8/2011 NDOT US50 EB WHITE PINE 66.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



2716 6/9/2011 NDOT US395 SB WASHOE 6.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

2367 6/10/2011 NHP IR80W WB WASHOE 1.00 Mountain Lion 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2372 6/11/2011 NHP SR156 Unkwn CLARK 13.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn






154



2460 6/13/2011 NDOT SR28 NB WASHOE 1.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

2717 6/13/2011 NDOT US395 NB CARSON 9.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

2718 6/13/2011 NDOT US395 SB CARSON 9.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

2719 6/13/2011 NDOT US395 SB DOUGLAS 31.20 Deer 1 Male Adult




2382 6/15/2011 NHP US6 WB WHITE PINE 16.00 Deer 1 Male Adult



2383 6/18/2011 NHP SR431 Unkwn WASHOE 11.17 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult



2386 6/20/2011 NHP IR80 EB ELKO 65.01 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2387 6/21/2011 NHP US6 WB WHITE PINE 44.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

2388 6/22/2011 NDOT US50 EB LANDER 33.50 Deer 1 Female Adult












2814 7/2/2011 NDOT US6 EB MINERAL 11.10 Horse 1 Female Juvenile


2400 7/5/2011 NDOT SR208 EB DOUGLAS 3.50 Deer 1 Female Adult




2420 7/12/2011 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 39.10 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2403 7/14/2011 NHP SR305 NB WHITE PINE 31.00 Deer 1 Female Adult



2422 7/15/2011 NDOT SR157 Unkwn CLARK 5.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2410 7/19/2011 NDOT IR80 Unkwn ELKO 67.14 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






2427 7/26/2011 NDOT SR338 NB LYON 6.00 Deer 1 Male Unkwn


155

2429 7/29/2011 NDOT SR278 NB EUREKA 33.90 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2430 7/29/2011 NDOT SR165 SB CLARK 10.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2433 7/31/2011 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 15.14 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

2434 8/2/2011 NDOT IR80 EB LANDER 18.60 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



2412 8/3/2011 NDOT SR266 EB ESMERALDA 2.50 Cow 3 Unkwn Unkwn


2415 8/10/2011 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 46.70 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2413 8/11/2011 NDOT SR266 WB ESMERALDA 5.00 Cow 3 Unkwn Unkwn





2414 8/22/2011 NDOT SR266 WB ESMERALDA 1.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Adult

2553 8/22/2011 NDOT US50 WB DOUGLAS 0.87 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2464 8/26/2011 NDOT SR266 EB ESMERALDA 21.30 Cow 1 Unkwn Adult





2457 9/12/2011 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 83.00 Elk 1 Male Adult


2456 9/13/2011 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 62.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2721 9/13/2011 NDOT US395 NB WASHOE 2.70 Bear 1 Female Adult

2458 9/14/2011 NDOT IR15 SB CLARK 22.00 Tortoise 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2452 9/17/2011 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 15.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2441 9/18/2011 NHP US50 WB LYON 1.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2448 9/20/2011 NDOT SR361 SB NYE 20.60 Cow 1 Male Adult

2449 9/22/2011 NDOT SR375 SB NYE 19.00 Cow 1 Female Juvenile


2438 9/26/2011 NDOT SR266 EB ESMERALDA 4.42 Cow 1 Unkwn Adult


2440 9/26/2011 NDOT SR376 NB LANDER 6.20 Deer 1 Male Adult

2437 9/28/2011 NDOT SR341 NB WASHOE 4.80 Horse 1 Unkwn Juvenile


2546 9/30/2011 NDOT SR341 SB STOREY 7.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

2550 9/30/2011 NDOT SR158 WB CLARK 8.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2551 10/4/2011 NDOT US50 Unkwn LANDER 23.90 Deer 2 Male Adult

2548 10/6/2011 NDOT SR375 NB NYE 38.60 Cow 1 Male Juvenile

2510 10/7/2011 NHP SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 5.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


156

2641 10/13/2011 NHP IR80 WB WASHOE 2.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2493 10/17/2011 NDOT SR208 EB LYON 11.50 Deer 1 Female Juvenile









2494 10/21/2011 NDOT US93 SB WHITE PINE 82.00 Elk 1 Male Adult
























2607 11/3/2011 NHP US95 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 62.00 Deer 1 Female Unkwn


2655 11/4/2011 NHP SR228 Unkwn ELKO 23.30 Deer 1 Male Adult


2476 11/5/2011 NDOT IR80 EB EUREKA 16.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2605 11/5/2011 NHP US93 Unkwn ELKO 67.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Juvenile


2609 11/5/2011 OTHER IR80 EB ELKO 91.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

2470 11/7/2011 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 67.00 Elk 1 Female Adult




157



2544 11/9/2011 NDOT IR80W EB ELKO 94.63 Deer 1 Male Adult

2469 11/10/2011 NDOT SR157 SB CLARK 3.50 Deer 1 Male Adult

2532 11/10/2011 NDOT US50 WB LANDER 32.80 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



2525 11/12/2011 NHP US50 WB CHURCHILL 13.00 Cow 4 Unkwn Unkwn

2526 11/12/2011 NHP IR80 EB WASHOE 7.50 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2468 11/14/2011 NDOT US50 Unkwn WHITE PINE 30.00 Elk 1 Male Juvenile



2541 11/14/2011 NDOT US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 112.00 Elk 1 Female Juvenile

2545 11/14/2011 NDOT US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 112.00 Elk 1 Female Juvenile

2604 11/14/2011 NHP US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 112.00 Elk 1 Female Juvenile

2516 11/16/2011 NDOT SR341 Unkwn WASHOE 2.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

2534 11/16/2011 NDOT US6 EB WHITE PINE 3.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2540 11/16/2011 NDOT US95 SB HUMBOLDT 39.95 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



2533 11/17/2011 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 42.50 Antelope 1 Male Adult









2723 11/20/2011 NDOT US395 SB CARSON 9.56 Bear 1 Male Adult

2519 11/21/2011 NDOT US6 EB NYE 19.90 Cow 1 Female Adult

2626 11/21/2011 DCSO IR80 EB WASHOE 37.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2511 11/24/2011 NDOT IR80W WB EUREKA 3.86 Deer 5 Female Unkwn

2612 11/24/2011 NHP IR80 WB EUREKA 4.00 Deer 5 Unkwn Unkwn


2727 11/24/2011 NDOT US395 SB WASHOE 1.00 Other 1 Male Adult




2542 11/26/2011 NDOT SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 5.90 Horse 1 Female Adult




158



2555 11/28/2011 NDOT SR375 EB NYE 47.10 Cow 1 Female Adult






2596 11/30/2011 NDOT SR824 NB LYON 1.70 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



2597 12/3/2011 NDOT SR156 WB CLARK 7.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult


2748 12/4/2011 NDOT US395 SB DOUGLAS 4.50 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2592 12/5/2011 NDOT IR80 WB ELKO 97.50 Deer 1 Male Adult




2556 12/8/2011 NDOT US93 NB LINCOLN 86.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2666 12/11/2011 NHP US95 SB HUMBOLDT 10.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2590 12/12/2011 NDOT IR80 EB ELKO 99.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Juvenile



2621 12/14/2011 N/A IR80 WB WASHOE 7.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Unkwn

2623 12/14/2011 NDOT US50 WB CHURCHILL 1.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2622 12/15/2011 FSP IR80 EB WASHOE 3.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2749 12/15/2011 NDOT US395 Unkwn DOUGLAS 1.50 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2574 12/16/2011 NDOT SR361 Unkwn MINERAL 10.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2577 12/16/2011 NDOT SR361 Unkwn MINERAL 10.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2581 12/16/2011 NDOT IR80 WB EUREKA 2.50 Deer 1 Female Adult






2585 12/19/2011 NDOT IR80 Unkwn EUREKA 9.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile






2747 12/21/2011 NDOT US395 NB DOUGLAS 1.10 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2567 12/23/2011 NDOT SR140 WB HUMBOLDT 39.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



159

2645 12/28/2011 LYSO SR339 SB LYON 10.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2563 12/29/2011 NDOT SR157 EB CLARK 16.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2565 12/29/2011 NDOT SR318 NB WHITE PINE 16.40 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2576 12/29/2011 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 13.40 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

2615 12/29/2011 LVMPD SR157 Unkwn CLARK 16.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2745 12/29/2011 NDOT US395 SB DOUGLAS 17.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile






2601 12/30/2011 NHP IR80W WB EUREKA 8.50 Deer 1 Female Adult




2575 1/1/2012 NDOT SR156 SB CLARK 1.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






2650 1/4/2012 NDOT IR80 EB WASHOE 9.23 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2571 1/5/2012 NDOT IR80 WB ELKO 78.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

2573 1/5/2012 NDOT SR159 EB CLARK 5.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2738 1/5/2012 NDOT US50 WB DOUGLAS 4.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

2651 1/6/2012 N/A US50 EB CHURCHILL 70.00 Bighorn Sheep 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2659 1/6/2012 NDOT SR341 SB STOREY 7.80 Horse 1 Male Juvenile

2558 1/7/2012 NDOT US93 NB LINCOLN 98.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2616 1/7/2012 NHP US93 NB LINCOLN 98.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2643 1/12/2012 NHP SR341 NB STOREY 6.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2658 1/12/2012 OTHER SR341 NB STOREY 5.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2653 1/14/2012 NHP SR156 WB CLARK 7.00 Elk 1 Male Adult

2736 1/14/2012 NDOT US50 Unkwn DOUGLAS 7.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

2737 1/14/2012 NDOT US50 EB DOUGLAS 7.20 Deer 1 Male Juvenile

2728 1/17/2012 NDOT US395 Unkwn CARSON 6.00 Other 1 Male Adult

2660 1/18/2012 NDOT US6 SB WHITE PINE 36.00 Deer 1 Male Unkwn



2662 1/25/2012 NDOT SR360 Unkwn MINERAL 7.80 Burro 1 Male Adult

2663 1/25/2012 NDOT SR341 NB STOREY 2.50 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


2732 1/25/2012 NDOT SR529 Unkwn DOUGLAS 1.44 Other 1 Female Adult



160





2674 2/1/2012 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 72.00 Antelope 1 Female Juvenile





2677 2/2/2012 NDOT IR80 WB ELKO 11.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

2681 2/2/2012 NDOT US50 Unkwn CHURCHILL 70.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2683 2/7/2012 NHP US50 WB LYON 30.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2672 2/9/2012 NDOT SR361 NB NYE 14.10 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

2678 2/10/2012 DCSO US395 SB DOUGLAS 6.26 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






2690 2/19/2012 NHP US395 SB CARSON 8.26 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2689 2/24/2012 NHP IR80W EB PERSHING 12.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2707 2/25/2012 NDOT US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 84.00 Elk 1 Male Juvenile


2706 2/29/2012 NDOT SR375 WB NYE 5.00 Cow 1 Male Juvenile


2704 3/4/2012 NDOT IR80 Unkwn EUREKA 2.87 Deer 1 Female Adult

2743 3/4/2012 NDOT US395 NB DOUGLAS 0.20 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



2713 3/8/2012 NDOT SR305 NB LANDER 64.30 Deer 3 Unkwn Unkwn





2703 3/15/2012 NDOW SR160 Unkwn CLARK 18.52 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2696 3/16/2012 DCSO US395 SB DOUGLAS 32.43 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2708 3/16/2012 NDOT SR225 NB ELKO 34.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult


2739 3/17/2012 NDOT SR207 Unkwn DOUGLAS 10.10 Deer 1 Male Juvenile



2712 3/19/2012 NDOT US6 Unkwn NYE 49.00 Deer 2 Unkwn Adult

2710 3/20/2012 NDOT US395 NB DOUGLAS 33.00 Other 1 Male Adult

2711 3/20/2012 NDOT US395 SB DOUGLAS 30.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


161

2776 3/25/2012 NDOT US93 Unkwn ELKO 70.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2733 3/26/2012 NDOT US395 SB DOUGLAS 31.21 Other 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2753 3/26/2012 NDOT SR164 EB CLARK 7.00 Deer 1 Female Adult







2755 4/4/2012 NDOT US6 WB NYE 122.50 Deer 2 Unkwn Adult



2765 4/10/2012 OTHER US395 NB DOUGLAS 5.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2877 4/11/2012 NDOT US6 WB NYE 98.00 Deer 1 Male Adult


2760 4/16/2012 NDOT SR722 EB CHURCHILL 4.50 Cow 1 Female Juvenile




2772 4/29/2012 NDOT IR80W Unkwn HUMBOLDT 13.00 Deer 1 Female Adult


2770 5/2/2012 NDOT SR375 EB NYE 6.00 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

2768 5/7/2012 NDOT US395S SB DOUGLAS 30.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2777 5/8/2012 NDOT SR375 WB NYE 28.90 Cow 1 Female Juvenile

2790 5/13/2012 NHP US50 Unkwn LANDER 19.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


2786 5/22/2012 LYSO US50 Unkwn LYON 23.50 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2785 5/29/2012 N/A US50 EB DOUGLAS 11.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2782 6/5/2012 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 8.20 Cow 1 Unkwn Adult

2784 6/6/2012 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 66.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2801 6/7/2012 NDOT US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 66.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile


2779 6/18/2012 NDOT IR80W WB ELKO 130.00 Bighorn Sheep 1 Male Juvenile






2792 6/25/2012 NDOT US6 NB ESMERALDA 55.48 Antelope 1 Unkwn Adult

2793 6/27/2012 NDOT SR163 WB CLARK 15.50 Burro 1 Male Adult

2805 6/27/2012 NHP SR140 EB HUMBOLDT 105.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2794 6/28/2012 NDOT SR140 SB HUMBOLDT 105.00 Horse 1 Male Adult


162

2795 7/2/2012 NDOT US6 Unkwn WHITE PINE 45.00 Elk 1 Male Adult

2796 7/2/2012 NDOT US6 EB MINERAL 11.10 Horse 1 Female Adult





2800 7/5/2012 NDOT SR266 EB ESMERALDA 21.50 Deer 1 Male Adult





2810 7/11/2012 NDOT US6 EB NYE 25.00 Cow 1 Female Adult









2815 7/19/2012 NHP SR160 Unkwn NYE 14.80 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2835 7/20/2012 NDOT SR160 Unkwn NYE 14.93 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2839 7/20/2012 OTHER SR206 Unkwn DOUGLAS 4.35 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2838 7/21/2012 OTHER SR206 Unkwn DOUGLAS 4.07 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn






2821 7/23/2012 NDOT SR164 EB CLARK 5.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





2825 7/30/2012 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 16.50 Cow 1 Male Juvenile



2847 8/2/2012 N/A IR80 EB PERSHING 18.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2848 8/5/2012 NHP US95 Unkwn CHURCHILL 19.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2836 8/12/2012 NDOT US6 WB MINERAL 12.85 Horse 1 Male Juvenile


2837 8/16/2012 NDOT SR278 SB EUREKA 81.00 Deer 1 Male Juvenile


2851 8/22/2012 NDOT SR375 WB NYE 6.80 Other 1 Unkwn Adult


2853 8/26/2012 NDOT US6 EB MINERAL 12.70 Horse 1 Male Juvenile

2852 8/27/2012 NHP US93 SB CLARK 3.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

163


2855 8/30/2012 NDOT SR226 NB ELKO 16.20 Elk 1 Male Adult

2859 8/30/2012 NDOT SR376 SB NYE 46.90 Antelope 1 Male Adult


2857 9/2/2012 NHP SR160 Unkwn NYE 14.80 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2869 9/3/2012 NHP IR580 NB WASHOE 9.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2858 9/4/2012 NDOT SR375 WB NYE 21.00 Cow 1 Male Juvenile

2863 9/4/2012 NDOT SR266 EB ESMERALDA 18.80 Deer 1 Female Juvenile





2865 9/7/2012 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 80.00 Elk 1 Female Adult


2874 9/8/2012 OTHER SR206 Unkwn DOUGLAS 12.11 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2866 9/10/2012 NDOT US50 EB LYON 7.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

2867 9/10/2012 NDOT US395S SB WASHOE 1.60 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

2868 9/10/2012 NDOT SR206 NB DOUGLAS 11.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult



2875 9/18/2012 NDOT IR580 NB CARSON 9.50 Other 1 Male Adult




2878 9/25/2012 NDOT US50 WB EUREKA 25.10 Elk 1 Female Adult

2879 9/25/2012 NDOT US395S NB WASHOE 5.75 Deer 1 Female Adult

2881 9/25/2012 NDOT FRWA63 SB WASHOE 0.70 Deer 1 Female Adult

2883 9/28/2012 NDOT SR264 SB ESMERALDA 12.00 Horse 1 Female Adult

2882 9/30/2012 NDOT SR157 WB CLARK 20.14 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2899 9/30/2012 NHP SR318 SB WHITE PINE 12.20 Cow 15 Unkwn Unkwn


2886 10/1/2012 NDOT US50 WB LYON 7.00 Other 1 Male Adult

2887 10/1/2012 NDOT US50 WB LYON 7.00 Other 1 Female Adult




2889 10/2/2012 NDOT US395 NB DOUGLAS 32.00 Other 1 Female Adult


2897 10/13/2012 NHP SR431 WB WASHOE 18.00 Bear 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2893 10/15/2012 NHP IR15 NB CLARK 119.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2952 10/18/2012 N/A IR580 NB WASHOE 11.70 Bobcat 1 Unkwn Unkwn




164



2906 10/20/2012 N/A SR159 Unkwn CLARK 6.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2958 10/23/2012 NHP SR305 SB LANDER 55.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2907 10/24/2012 NDOT US93 NB ELKO 100.00 Elk 1 Male Adult





2911 10/28/2012 OTHER US95 SB CLARK 109.78 Burro 1 Unkwn Juvenile

2912 10/28/2012 NHP US95 NB CLARK 105.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2946 10/29/2012 NHP US50 WB LYON 19.18 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2955 10/29/2012 HUSO IR80 EB HUMBOLDT 12.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2914 10/30/2012 NDOT SR318 SB NYE 37.00 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


2953 10/30/2012 NHP SR318 SB NYE 37.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2917 10/31/2012 NDOT US6 WB NYE 47.60 Deer 1 Male Adult


2968 10/31/2012 N/A IR80 Unkwn ELKO 96.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2947 11/1/2012 NHP US95 SB CHURCHILL 29.60 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2919 11/3/2012 NHP US95 NB CLARK 119.00 Bighorn Sheep 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2931 11/3/2012 NHP US95 NB CLARK 119.00 Bighorn Sheep 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2985 11/5/2012 NHP US93 EB ELKO 67.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn














2930 11/14/2012 NDOT IR80 WB HUMBOLDT 5.20 Deer 1 Male Adult

2966 11/14/2012 NHP IR580 SB CARSON 8.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2988 11/14/2012 NHP US50 Unkwn LANDER 33.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

165

2967 11/15/2012 CITIZEN SR430 SB WASHOE 7.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn







2996 11/20/2012 DCSO US50 WB DOUGLAS 5.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




2989 11/21/2012 EUSO IR80 EB EUREKA 17.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3013 11/21/2012 UNK SR375 WB NYE 39.70 Cow 1 Female Adult



3001 11/23/2012 NDOT IR80 Unkwn WASHOE 10.68 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3002 11/24/2012 NDOW SR647 SB WASHOE 1.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2990 11/25/2012 NHP US6 EB WHITE PINE 32.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn






2940 11/26/2012 NDOT US95 SB HUMBOLDT 43.80 Deer 1 Female Juvenile



2991 11/26/2012 HUSO US95 SB HUMBOLDT 43.80 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2963 11/27/2012 NDOT SR278 NB EUREKA 29.10 Deer 1 Female Juvenile

3007 11/28/2012 NHP US395 NB WASHOE 13.00 Horse 2 Unkwn Unkwn





2975 12/3/2012 NDOT SR160 NB CLARK 20.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

2976 12/3/2012 NHP SR160 NB CLARK 26.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3008 12/3/2012 NHP SR160 NB CLARK 26.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



2977 12/5/2012 NDOT IR80 WB EUREKA 18.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


2979 12/6/2012 NDOT US6 NB WHITE PINE 24.50 Elk 1 Female Juvenile

2980 12/7/2012 NDOT US93 NB WHITE PINE 85.30 Elk 1 Female Adult


2982 12/10/2012 NHP SR160 NB NYE 19.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

166

3009 12/10/2012 NHP SR160 NB NYE 18.40 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn

2983 12/11/2012 NDOT SR306 NB EUREKA 15.00 Deer 1 Male Unkwn


3015 12/11/2012 NHP SR306 NB EUREKA 15.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3012 12/19/2012 UNK SR431 SB LYON 1.50 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn




3011 1/4/2013 NHP SR159 WB CLARK 3.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3066 1/8/2013 NDOT SR360 NB MINERAL 4.20 Burro 1 Female Adult


3156 1/15/2013 NDOT SR207 Unkwn DOUGLAS 10.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

3018 1/17/2013 NDOT SR140 NB HUMBOLDT 109.00 Horse 1 Male Adult








3026 2/6/2013 CITIZEN US395 NB DOUGLAS 1.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3024 2/7/2013 NDOT SR376 NB NYE 74.50 Deer 2 Unkwn Adult


3025 2/11/2013 CITIZEN US395 NB DOUGLAS 1.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3029 2/12/2013 NHP SR160 NB CLARK 10.00 Burro 2 Unkwn Unkwn




3145 2/17/2013 NDOT US95 NB MINERAL 12.90 Cow 1 Female Adult

3033 2/18/2013 NDOT SR159 EB CLARK 14.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3042 2/18/2013 NDOT SR431 Unkwn WASHOE 19.00 Deer 1 Female Unkwn




3034 2/25/2013 NDOT SR360 NB MINERAL 9.00 Burro 1 Unkwn Juvenile

3035 2/25/2013 NDOT SR360 SB MINERAL 7.30 Burro 2 Male Adult


3045 2/25/2013 DCSO US395 Unkwn DOUGLAS 29.00 Mountain Lion 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3036 2/26/2013 NDOT SR159 EB CLARK 4.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3040 2/26/2013 LVMPD SR159 EB CLARK 4.50 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




3037 3/3/2013 NDOT US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 24.00 Elk 1 Female Adult


167




3049 3/9/2013 NDOT US93 SB CLARK 1.00 Bighorn Sheep 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3050 3/11/2013 NHP SR170 Unkwn CLARK 0.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3051 3/11/2013 NDOT SR170 Unkwn CLARK 5.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3053 3/11/2013 NDOT SR170 EB CLARK 7.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3054 3/11/2013 NDOT SR170 EB CLARK 7.00 Cow 1 Female Adult

3052 3/12/2013 NDOT SR159 NB CLARK 7.00 Unkwn 1 Unkwn Unkwn



3074 3/15/2013 OTHER US93 EB ELKO 55.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3087 3/15/2013 OTHER US93 EB ELKO 68.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn



3148 3/18/2013 NDOT SR206 SB DOUGLAS 5.80 Deer 1 Female Unkwn

3150 3/18/2013 NDOT SR207 Unkwn DOUGLAS 2.00 Other 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3151 3/24/2013 NDOT SR207 Unkwn DOUGLAS 6.40 Deer 1 Female Unkwn



3086 3/26/2013 NHP US6 SB WHITE PINE 55.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn








3063 4/6/2013 NDOT SR160 EB CLARK 14.00 Burro 1 Male Juvenile







3154 4/17/2013 NDOT US395 Unkwn DOUGLAS 3.20 Deer 1 Male Adult

3070 4/19/2013 NDOT SR278 NB EUREKA 18.60 Deer 1 Male Adult




3093 5/3/2013 OTHER IR80 EB EUREKA 21.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3095 5/10/2013 OTHER SR227 EB ELKO 17.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3077 5/14/2013 NDOT SR375 WB NYE 17.10 Cow 1 Male Adult


3097 5/14/2013 NHP US93 Unkwn WHITE PINE 72.00 Antelope 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3110 5/17/2013 WASO SR28 EB WASHOE 0.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

168





3105 5/26/2013 NDOW US395 NB WASHOE 38.90 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



3153 5/28/2013 NDOT SR206 NB DOUGLAS 4.88 Deer 1 Female Adult

3079 5/29/2013 NDOT SR375 WB NYE 2.50 Cow 1 Male Adult

3080 5/30/2013 NDOT SR375 WB NYE 15.60 Deer 1 Female Adult


3122 6/2/2013 NHP IR80 WB HUMBOLDT 4.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3082 6/3/2013 NDOT SR375 EB NYE 19.70 Cow 1 Male Adult

3123 6/7/2013 NHP US50 EB EUREKA 45.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3115 6/8/2013 WASO SR431 WB WASHOE 3.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3092 6/10/2013 NDOT SR160 NB CLARK 22.10 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

3103 6/10/2013 NDOT SR160 NB CLARK 22.10 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



3101 6/11/2013 NDOT SR360 SB MINERAL 4.10 Burro 2 Male Adult

3102 6/11/2013 NDOT US95 SB NYE 67.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Adult

3116 6/16/2013 NDOT IR580 NB WASHOE 13.28 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3155 6/17/2013 NDOT US395 Unkwn DOUGLAS 29.00 Deer 1 Male Adult







3119 6/24/2013 OTHER SR647 Unkwn WASHOE 11.13 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn





3172 7/5/2013 OTHER IR80 WB ELKO 24.08 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3130 7/8/2013 OTHER US50 Unkwn LYON 21.09 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3181 7/8/2013 NDOW US395 NB WASHOE 34.37 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3136 7/11/2013 NDOT IR80 WB EUREKA 25.05 Deer 1 Male Adult

3182 7/14/2013 NHP IR80W WB LYON 32.73 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn



3135 7/15/2013 NDOT IR80 WB ELKO 46.13 Deer 1 Unkwn Juvenile



169

3137 7/18/2013 NDOT US93 NB CLARK 5.00 Bighorn Sheep 1 Unkwn Adult

3143 7/20/2013 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 12.30 Cow 1 Female Adult


3171 7/22/2013 NHP US93 SB ELKO 73.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3142 7/23/2013 NDOT US6 NB WHITE PINE 26.00 Antelope 1 Male Adult


3187 7/28/2013 NHP SR361 Unkwn LYON 8.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3188 7/28/2013 NHP US95 SB LYON 40.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3144 7/29/2013 NDOT SR361 SB MINERAL 7.90 Cow 1 Male Adult

3146 7/29/2013 NDOT US6 EB NYE 96.60 Deer 1 Female Juvenile


3162 8/2/2013 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 16.30 Burro 1 Male Juvenile


3189 8/2/2013 NHP Unkwn WASHOE 6.20 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




3164 8/9/2013 NHP SR160 Unkwn NYE 17.38 Burro 1 Female Adult

3165 8/10/2013 NDOT SR375 Unkwn LINCOLN 27.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3166 8/10/2013 NDOT SR160 SB CLARK 21.00 Deer 1 Male Adult

3168 8/12/2013 NDOT IR80 WB HUMBOLDT 9.66 Deer 1 Female Adult



3192 8/16/2013 NDOT SR207 Unkwn DOUGLAS 11.19 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3176 8/18/2013 NHP SR225 SB ELKO 87.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3212 8/18/2013 NDOT US95 SB CLARK 71.50 Cow 1 Unkwn Juvenile

3174 8/19/2013 NDOT US95 SB MINERAL 16.30 Burro 1 Female Adult

3175 8/19/2013 NDOT US6 WB NYE 103.00 Antelope 1 Male Adult

3177 8/20/2013 OTHER SR157 Unkwn CLARK 3.32 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3186 8/20/2013 NHP US95 SB ESMERALDA 9.00 Other 1 Male Adult


3201 8/23/2013 NHP US6 WB NYE 4.30 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3202 8/23/2013 OTHER US50 EB LYON 28.70 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3185 8/26/2013 NHP US6 EB WHITE PINE 43.00 Elk 1 Male Juvenile

3194 8/27/2013 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 9.90 Antelope 1 Male Adult


3206 8/31/2013 DCSO SR206 Unkwn DOUGLAS 11.20 Deer 1 Male Adult

3197 9/2/2013 NHP SR156 SB CLARK 5.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn



3198 9/9/2013 NDOT US6 WB MINERAL 11.85 Horse 1 Unkwn Adult



3217 9/11/2013 NDOT SR289 Unkwn HUMBOLDT 0.00 Deer 1 Female Adult

3200 9/12/2013 NDOT SR375 EB NYE 5.10 Deer 1 Male Adult



170

3223 9/22/2013 DCSO US395S NB DOUGLAS 20.61 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3224 9/24/2013 WASO US395S NB WASHOE 35.79 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3211 9/29/2013 NDOT US6 WB MINERAL 13.70 Horse 1 Unkwn Adult



3213 10/3/2013 NDOT US6 WB NYE 70.50 Owl 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3227 10/4/2013 DCSO SR206 NB DOUGLAS 6.76 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3226 10/5/2013 NDOT IR580 SB WASHOE 0.40 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn




3264 10/7/2013 NDOT US93 SB WHITE PINE 115.50 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn


3230 10/8/2013 NDOT SR361 NB MINERAL 8.20 Cow 1 Unkwn Adult





3260 10/14/2013 NHP SR278 Unkwn EUREKA 58.00 Cow 1 Unkwn Unkwn




3252 10/17/2013 NDOT US50 EB LYON 21.00 Horse 1 Unkwn Unkwn
















3263 10/23/2013 ECSO SR318 SB WHITE PINE 10.52 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3265 10/23/2013 NHP US93 WB WHITE PINE 82.00 Elk 1 Unkwn Unkwn

3248 10/25/2013 LAKE MEAD NPS

US93 Unkwn CLARK 4.00 Big horn Sheep 1 Unkwn Unkwn





171





3268 11/5/2013 NHP SR156 WB CLARK 6.00 Deer 1 Unkwn Unkwn

# Records 2919

NDOT Rptd 2423 83%

175

Figure 1. All mountain lion kills found 2009-2012 (n = 803) including kills where scavenging by black bears was recorded in the Carson Range (bears = high density), Pine Nut Range (bears = moderate density); Virginia Range

Project 32 Cougar – Mule Deer – Black Bear Analysis (Areas 19,20,29) Details

Describe the background of the problem or why the project is warranted.

In the Great Basin of Nevada, black bears (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (Ursus

arctos) were extirpated through targeted removals due to conflicts with humans, their livestock

and changes in land use patterns over 80 years ago. However, due to protective measures black

bears have begun re-colonizing historic ranges in the Great Basin (Lackey et al., 2013). A long-

term study on black bears in Nevada conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and

Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) demonstrated the success of black bear re-colonization

in Great Basin ranges with demographic data that subsequently allowed for black bears in

Nevada to be reclassified as a big game species; the first black bear hunt in Nevada commenced

in 2011. In these same ranges, mountain lions (Puma concolor) are the apex predator and their

primary prey, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), are in decline across the west (Robinson et al.

2002). Preliminary data from a 4 year study on mountain lions in the western Great Basin Desert

and eastern Sierra Nevada range indicates that

black bears and mountain lions have frequent

interactions at mountain lion kill sites where

black bears take-over and scavenge (or

“kleptoparasitize”) prey carcasses from

mountain lions (Andreasen, unpublished

data). Between 2009 and 2012, 26.5% of 433

mule deer killed by 20+ collared mountain

lions in western Nevada were scavenged by

black bears with over 50% of mule deer killed

by collared mountain lions being scavenged

during summer months (June – September) in

mountain ranges where bears are present at

moderate to high densities (Figure 1;

Andreasen, unpublished data). We anticipate that

176

Figure 2. Black bear scavenging from kill made by collared mountain lion – photo from real-time trail camera

these competitive interactions between black bears and mountain lions have non-negligible

effects on mountain lion predation behavior and subsequent impacts on mule deer populations.

Statement of need

While data suggests that a single predator in a single prey system is unlikely to cause a decline in

ungulate prey populations, the addition of a second predator or prey species can substantially

shift predator-prey dynamics such that prey are more likely to be held at low densities by

predators (Meisser 1994). Thus, black bears re-colonizing historic ranges may substantially alter

predator-prey dynamics - indirectly through competitive interactions with mountain lions -

effectively acting as a second predator on mule deer populations. We have data from over 400

mule deer killed by collared mountain lions in Nevada that suggest that on average, 50% of

mountain lion killed deer are scavenged by black bears during summer months when bears are

active. However, our data to date have not allowed us to

determine if bears and mountain lions have direct

competitive interactions at mountain lion kills or if bears

are “passively scavenging” after a mountain lion voluntarily

abandons a prey carcass. Determining such subtleties in

behavioral interactions is a necessary step towards

understanding how bears may indirectly affect mule deer

populations. For instance, if bears aggressively usurp kills

from mountain lions, energy loss directly attributable to loss of food items is expected to result in

increased kill rates for mountain lions (Murphy et al. 1998; Krofel et al. 2012). Mountain lions

may also compensate for food losses by including additional prey items in their diet (Bolnick et

al. 2010) or prey switching to prey items that are less energetically costly to capture (i.e.,

domestic livestock) (Krofel et al. 2012). We therefore expect that these mechanisms mountain

lion are thought to use to compensate for losses, will likely increase predation on mule deer and

potentially increase conflict with humans. However, if bears passively scavenge after lions

voluntarily abandon their prey, black bear re-colonization into historic ranges is unlikely to affect

mountain lion predation behavior or mule deer populations.

177

In addition to potential effects on mule deer populations, loss of prey items to bears is anticipated

to depress mountain lion survival and reproduction – an important consideration when

determining sustainable harvest quotas in areas where bears are re-colonizing historic ranges

after a century of absence. Further, food subsidies in the form of mountain lion killed deer

carcasses may facilitate black bear re-colonization into historic ranges. For instance, both

grizzly bears (Ruth et al. 2003) and black bears (Beckmann & Berger 2003) have been shown to

redistribute across the landscape in response to food; from wildland areas into urban areas in the

Sierra Nevada due to garbage and from Yellowstone National Park to outside park boundaries in

response to discarded remains of hunter killed elk carcasses during the hunting season (Ruth et

al. 2003). Food subsidies in the form of carcasses usurped from mountain lions, are therefore

expected to increase population viability, density and ultimately aide in expansion of black bear

populations into unoccupied ranges where mountain lions and mule deer are relatively new

inhabitants since the disappearance of the black bear 100 years ago and the disappearance of the

California grizzly 83 years ago (Berger and Wehausen 1991).

State the goal of the project. SCIF is particularly interested in how this project will meet

an unmet scientific or management need.

The goal of this research is to obtain empirical data that can be used by wildlife biologists to

manage for a balance between predators and prey while maintaining healthy populations of large

carnivores. This overarching goal was taken directly from the Nevada Department of Wildlife’s

Comprehensive Mountain Lion Management Plan (Stiver 1995) and has thus been identified as

an important management need. Nonetheless, until recently, data pertaining to predator-prey

dynamics in Nevada has been lacking with management decisions in the state largely guided by

input from local interest groups (Lackey and Woolstenhulme 2012). In fact, the field study that

we began in 2009 was the first research pertaining to mountain lions or predator-prey

interactions in Nevada since the 1970s and we have provided substantial data that suggests that

there are significant gaps in understanding of mountain lion ecology and therefore what factors

may drive predator-prey dynamics – including secondary prey species (e.g. wild horses;

Andreasen et al. 2013) and predator species (e.g. black bears; Andreasen, unpublished data) that

may act indirectly to affect prey populations. While we have recently documented that

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interactions between bears and mountain lions occur frequently at mountain lion kill sites (Figure

1; Andreasen et al., unpublished data), we now propose to determine the behavioral mechanisms

of these interactions and assess effects on population dynamics of mountain lions, black bears,

and mule deer. Answering these questions is particularly important to understanding how bears

may shift predator-prey dynamics, influence mountain lion predation behavior and the resulting

impact on prey populations (mule deer) which are declining throughout the west.

While the proposed study will provide important information for wildlife

managers, it also addresses questions, founded in ecological theory, that remain

unanswered in the scientific community. The data that we will provide to the scientific

community, in peer-reviewed journals, will be among the first data examining

interactions among re-establishing carnivores and resident carnivores on prey

populations. It will also be able to shed light on carnivore re-colonization of historic

ranges and the impact that recolonizing carnivores have on demographics and behavior

of existing carnivores. Finally, while there have been highly publicized conservation

successes in re-establishing apex carnivores and the resulting positive effects they have

exerted on biodiversity in North America, most of that research has occurred in national

parks - particularly in Yellowstone National Park where there is now a complete suite of

large carnivores (Berger & Smith 2005). However, national parks representing such

intensively protected areas occupy just 2% of the total lands in North America. Thus,

significant gaps in knowledge and conservation challenges remain for carnivores and

the ecological roles they play in working landscapes - the remaining checkerboard of

public and private lands outside of urban areas, where humans live, work, trap, hunt,

and make a living from ranching, farming, and other endeavors. This research will

address these gaps in knowledge and aide in the understanding of predator-prey

dynamics in human-impacted environments.

What are the specific, measurable objectives of the project?

By the end of year 5 we will meet the following objectives:

I. Understand if the presence of mountain lions facilitates the re-colonization of black bears

in historic ranges through the provisioning of food subsidies by estimating:

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a. the frequency that bears scavenge from mountain lion kill sites

b. the percent difference in black bear survival and reproduction (and/or correlates

of reproduction such as body fat reserves) between bears that capitalize on

mountain lion killed carcasses versus those bears that do not

c. attraction of bears to mountain lions or mountain lion kills

II. Determine if the presence of re-colonizing black bears affects mountain lion predation

behavior including predation rates and prey selection by comparing:

a. the proportion of scavenging events in which bears directly compete with

mountain lions for prey carcasses versus the proportion which bears “passively

scavenge” from mountain lion kill sites

b. percent difference in kill rates of mountain lions between areas with varying

densities of bears

c. percent overlap in diet of mountain lions in areas with varying density of bears

III. Determine the indirect impact of re-colonizing black bears on mule deer populations by

comparing:

a. the degree of additive versus compensatory mortality of mule deer in mountain

ranges with varying densities of black bears by comparing life-history

characteristics of mule deer (e.g., body condition of does, pregnancy rates,

recruitment of young)

b. percent difference in mule deer survival among ranges with varying densities of

black bears

IV. Determine if the presence of re-colonizing black bears impacts mountain lion

populations, by estimating:

a. the percent difference in mountain lion survival and reproduction (and/or

correlates of reproduction such as body fat reserves) in areas with varying density

of bears

b. repulsion of mountain lions to presence of bears

V. Provide wildlife managers and stakeholders with this information that will allow for

management decisions pertaining to large carnivores and ungulate prey to be guided by

empirical data

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METHODS

The proposed project provides a unique opportunity to combine the efforts of two long-

term studies being conducted on 1) black bears and 2) mountain lions in the Great Basin of

Nevada where black bears are naturally re-colonizing historic ranges. Between these two studies

we have collected over 50,000 GPS location data points from 27+ mountain lions in western

Nevada gathered between 2009 -2012, over 30,000 GPS locations from 25+ collared bears in

western Nevada collected between 2009 – 2012 (Figure 2&3, and mountain lion diet data from

over 700 documented predation events from 20

individuals (Figure 1). We will begin targeting

additional bears and mountain lions for capture that

overlap, specifically to address these new questions

pertaining to interspecies interactions in 3 study areas

in western Nevada with varying densities of bears

(Carson Range: high density bears; Pine Nut Range:

medium density of bears; Virginia Range: low density

bears).

A minimum of 15 black bears, 15 mountain

lions, and 60 mule deer will be captured and fitted

with telemetry collars. Black bears and mountain lions

will be fitted with Vectronic brand GPS PLUS collars

with PROXIMITY sensors to assess behavioral

responses of each species upon close interaction (Figure

4). Collars will be programmed to take one fix per

minute when a collared bear and collared mountain lion

are within 250 meters and 1 fix every 3 hours otherwise.

We will attempt to maintain sample sizes of 5 bears and

5 mountain lions collared in each of 3 study areas for

four years. Because mortality of mountain lions and

bears is high, we will be required to capture and collar

additional animals to maintain sample size minimums (5

in each range) for multiple years. Mule deer will be fit

Figure 2. GPS locations from 27 mountain lions collared in western Nevada between 2009 and 2012

Figure 3. GPS locations from 12 black bears collared in western Nevada between 2006 and 2011.

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Figure 4. Mountain lion bayed up tree with trained hounds (top left); mountain being fitted with GPS collar (lower left); reversal being administered (top right); six week old mountain lion kitten being measured and fitted with expandable telemetry collar

t bi thi d (b tt i ht)

Figure 5. Mule deer collared and released in western Great Basin study area

with Vectronic brand GPS PLUS VERTEX Survey collars to monitor daily survival of

individuals and to estimate annual adult doe survival in each study area.

Mountain lions will be located via snow tracking and captured by treeing with trained

hounds, snares, and box traps (Andreasen et al, 2013; Figure 4). We will use culvert traps,

snares, and trained dogs to capture bears (Beckmann & Lackey xxxx). Mule deer will be

captured using helicopter net gunning ((Figure x) To have the highest probability of overlap

among individuals of each species, we will capture mountain lions first and subsequently capture

black bears within home ranges of collared mountain lions. To further maximize probability of

recording carnivore-carnivore interactions, we will monitor kill sites of collared mountain lions

with real-time trail cameras and target black bears scavenging from lion kills for collaring with

GPS proximity collars (Figure 2).

Using detailed proximity data from GPS

proximity collars (i.e. 1 GPS fix per minute), we

will estimate the frequency of scavenging events

in which 1) bears aggressively commandeer prey

items from mountain lions or 2) passively

scavenge after the lion has left the predation site.

Using standard GPS data (e.g. 1 fix every 3

hours), we will estimate 1) mountain lion kill rates and

prey selection in the three study areas (with varying

densities of bears) by identifying GPS clusters

made by collared mountain lions and investigating those clusters on the ground (Figure 1)

(Anderson & Linzey 2003,; Andreasen et al.,2013), 2) visit a subset of GPS clusters made by

collared bears during fawning season to assess the potential that bears are killing deer fawns in

addition to scavenging from lions, 3) determine if bears display attraction toward mountain lions

or mountain lion kills more than expected by chance, and 4) determine if mountain lions display

repulsion away from bears more than expected by chance.

During capture of bears, mountain lions, and deer, we will measure body condition (e.g.

using ultrasound and traditional palpation methods) as a

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correlate of fitness (Stephenson et al 2002, Cook et al. 2004). Pregnancy rates of deer will also

be assessed with ultrasound during initial capture. Cub production of bears and mountain lions

will be estimated by visiting dens to enumerate offspring (e.g., Beckmann et al. xxxx; Andreasen

et al., 2013). Offspring survival of bears and mountain lions will be monitored using expandable

telemetry collars (GPS PLUS VERTEX Survey collars with mortality sensors). Adult survival of

bears, lions, and mule deer will be monitored daily with GPS collars with mortality sensors.

Outline or describe a detailed project timeline.

4 adult bears, 1adult mountain lion, and 10 adult mule deer are currently collared with

GPS satellite collars in the Carson Range, with an additional 2 adult bears in the Pine Nut Range

and 4 adult mountain lions (+ 2 kittens) in the Virginia Range. We will recapture those

individuals in the Spring 2014 (?) to collar with GPS proximity collars to begin addressing these

new questions. We will capture mule deer in March 2014 in each of the three mountain ranges

when estimation of pregnancy rates are most reliable because of developmental stages of the

fetus . We will begin the capture of new mountain lions in the fall/winter of 2014 in each of the

three study areas. Bears will subsequently be captured during the fall/winter 2014 that 1) are

found scavenging from collared mountain lions 2) are located within the home-range of collared

mountain lion. We will continue capture efforts as needed to attempt to maintain a minimum

sample of 5 lions and 5 bears in each study area. Captures of lions will occur during the winter

months when probability of locating and capture is greatest while bears within the homerange of

collared lions will be targeted for capture from April through November annually. Data from

GPS collars is obtained in real-time which will allow us to identify mountain lion and bear GPS

clusters and visit them on the ground to determine kill rates and prey selection of mountain lion

and kleptoparasitism rates of bears throughout the duration of the study with final data analysis

beginning in the winter of 2018. Denning of bears to determine cub production and survival will

occur in January annually. We will visit dens of mountain lions for cub enumeration as cubs are

born throughout the year annually when kittens are between 4 and 6 weeks old. Preliminary

reports will be submitted annually to the Safari Club International Foundation with a final report

submitted in the winter of 2019. In addition, all results will be published in scientific peer

reviewed journals.

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Discuss the expected results and deliverables of the project.

Predictions for our a priori hypotheses anticipated are listed in table 1. Competitive interactions

may affect the re-colonization ability of large carnivores and subsequent influence on the

demography of existing large carnivore and prey species. These dynamics are particularly

important to understand in working landscapes, where one or both carnivore species may be

hunted for sport or subsistence since populations experiencing kleptoparasitism will likely be

lower than models based on prey availability or harvest statistics alone would predict,

particularly in fragmented habitat (Linnell & Strand 2000). Furthermore, the recovery of

overexploited populations of subordinate carnivores may be slowed or halted where dominant

competing carnivore species have re-colonized (refs in Linnell & Strand 2000).

We anticipate that interference competition will result in mountain lions having a more

general diet where bears are present, potentially resulting in an increased proportion of their

diet being comprised of domestic livestock and increasing kill rates on mule deer to compensate

for losses of food items to bears (Murphy et al. 1998). We predict that this increase in predation

pressure on mule deer populations will result in mule deer mortality being increasingly additive

as the density of bears increases (i.e., deer populations being held at lower densities in areas

where bear density is greater).

Hypothesis Prediction Resulting Human-Carnivore Conflict 1. Lions facilitate expansion of bears into historic ranges

1a Bears that have higher kleptoparasitism rates will have greater lifetime reproductive success

Expansion of bears into historic ranges --> Increased conflict with humans (and subsequent bear mortality) in valleys bears cross where expanding range

1b Movement of bears will show attraction to lions or lion kills

2. Lions change predation behavior in response to competition with bears

2a 2b

Lions will increase kill rates on primary prey (mule deer) Lions will show increased predation on domestic livestock in ranges where bears are newly present

Competition with humans for prey (mule deer) Livestock Depredation

3. Bear re-colonization directly and indirectly impacts mule deer

3a Mortality of mule deer will be increasingly additive as the density of bears increases (due to increased mountain lion kill rates)

Competition with humans for prey (mule deer)

4. Bear re-colonization has negative effect on lion populations 5. Bear re-colonization has positive effect on habitat condition.

3b 4a 4b 4c

Bears increasingly prey on “naïve” deer. (i.e. fawns in recently re-colonized ranges compared to ranges where bears have been established long-term) Lions will have lower indices of lifetime reproductive success in ranges with increasing densities of bears Movement of lions will show avoidance of bears Areas of increased conflict = increased mortality 5a Bears help reduce wide population swings in mule deer. 5b Sagebrush steppe range conditions respond favorably.

May push lions into areas where they come into contact with humans/livestock increasing predation on domestic Animals

Table 1. Predictions for a priori hypotheses and predicted subsequent conflicts with

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Deliverables

Deliverables will include formal semi-annual written reports outlining progress and end

of year reports with preliminary results pertaining to hypothesis and predictions outlined above.

We will provide a short article written for the general public to illustrate the importance of the

research. We will provide copy of all peer-reviewed articles and popular media resulting from

the research. In addition to photographs of the research, we will provide a professionally

produced mini-documentary style film documenting the research, findings, and how results will

be used to influence policy and wildlife management. The film will be produced by NineCaribou

Productions.

Explain how this project benefits the overall conservation or sustainable use of a species

or habitat.

Because the majority of our knowledge of large carnivores (especially re-colonizing

carnivores) comes from research conducted in and around national parks, our understanding of

large carnivores in working landscapes is limited. However, this knowledge is essential for the

long-term persistence of large mammal species that are affected intensely by human-altered

landscapes and for wildlife managers to determine sustainable harvest limits. This is particularly

true in the Great Basin where the suite of interacting large mammal species (i.e., bears, mountain

lions, deer, feral horses) is vastly different than it was just over 100 years ago when mountain

lions and mule deer were almost non-existent but bears were abundant (Berger and Wehausen

1991). These changes in species composition arose from alteration to the landscape by humans

and understanding how the system functions with a new suite of large game (including

carnivores re-colonizing historic habitat) is important to help make informed management

decisions for these three important big game species.

Further, long-term data sets, particularly pertaining to large carnivores that evoke

polarized emotions, help to ensure management decisions are grounded in science (as opposed to

input from local interest groups) and increases the probability that species are able to be

successfully managed for long-term survival and sustainable use (e.g. sport harvest). Two

examples from our study area highlight this point: (1) The first black bear season in Nevada

(2011) was met with resistance from an anti-bear hunting segment of the public. However,

because long-term research had been conducted on black bears in Nevada, NDOW was able to

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illustrate that proposed harvest numbers were sustainable and scientifically justifiable (Lackey et

al. 2013); (2) On the opposite end of the spectrum, a long-term lack of data on mountain lions

and interactions with ungulate prey has led to equal controversy with proposals to classify

mountain lions as an unprotected species with unregulated take (i.e. State legislative bill AB

256). Moreover, without data, it would be just as easy to argue for a call to ban hunting of

mountain lions as was done in the neighboring state of California. A solid understanding of the

ecology and dynamics of these charismatic species which attract a large amount of public

attention is important for their long-term persistence in a changing environment, particularly if

expansion into all historic range and the maintenance of a sustainable harvest are goals. The

research we began in 2009 was the first research to be conducted on mountain lions in Nevada

since the 1970s. Continuing to collect data and address new questions is essential to ensure that

management decisions are scientifically grounded and not driven by input from local interest

groups.

Finally, if we find that interactions between bears and mountain lions increase predation

on mule deer and human-carnivore conflict, it may have regional implications as mule deer are in

decline across the west (Robinson et al. 2002). Furthermore, local management of mule deer

populations may be impacted by differences in additive compared to compensatory mortality in

management units with varying sources of predation from apex predators. Mountain lions are

found throughout western North America and black bear populations are in nearly all states that

contain mountain lions and have been reported to be increasing over the last 20 years and appear

to be expanding geographically in many areas as well (Williamson 2002). Knowledge from the

Great Basin, where black bears are re-colonizing historic ranges, mountain lions are present, and

long-term projects are already underway may provide insight regarding re-colonization,

subsequent effects on existing carnivore and prey populations to other working landscapes

throughout North America.

Describe any additional social, political or economic benefits of the

proposed project.

Because competition with carnivores for game and livestock species imposes

economic losses for rural communities (Berger 2006), understanding how to minimize

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economic losses (i.e., maintain balance between predator and prey & minimize conflict

with livestock) is imperative as large carnivore re-expand into historic ranges. This is

particularly true if we want communities to support natural re-colonization of large

carnivores into historic ranges and enjoy the ecological benefits of large carnivores

where they exist (i.e., increased biodiversity).We are addressing questions that will help

minimize economic losses to rural communities and local ranchers by understanding

factors that influence predation rates and prey selection of mountain lions. Finally, we

will work across social and political boundaries such that various stakeholders are

informed with the most current information upon which they can base their decisions.

We will continue to do this by providing presentations to the community, various

stakeholders and local interest groups with varied backgrounds and opinions.

Are there additional administrative elements, such as obtaining a permit

from a third party, that are needed before a project can proceed?

No, scientific collection permits have already been secured from the Nevada Department

of Wildlife for capture and handling of black bear, mountain lion, and mule deer.

Please provide the qualifications (vitae) of your organization, project

administrator, and/or partners to complete the project.

The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is dedicated to saving wildlife and wildlands.

That mission is achieved through a science-based conservation program that protects

some 50 living landscapes around the world and manages more than 400 field projects

in 62 countries. WCS has been an active force in North American conservation and

management since 1895. Bison reintroduction, legislation to protect endangered

wildlife, and the establishment of more than twenty parks and reserves were early WCS

accomplishments. Pioneering studies of bighorn sheep, elk, and cougars among other

species all benefited from WCS support. Today the WCS North America Program takes a

science-based approach to conservation in more than forty projects in twenty-one states

and provinces. Key issues include wildlife monitoring and recovery, ecosystem

restoration, integrated landscape management, and community-based conservation. To

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learn more about WCS visit www.wcs.org and www.wcsnorthamerica.org

Alyson Andreasen, project co-Principle Investigator, is a Field Ecologist and Data

Analyst with WCS for the North America Program. Alyson is currently involved with

efforts to understand the impacts of roads on migration of moose and elk in the Greater

Yellowstone Ecosystem. Alyson obtained her Master’s degree from the University of

Colorado, Colorado Springs and is completing her PhD in Ecology, Evolution, and

Conservation Biology at the University of Nevada, Reno. Alyson initiated her PhD

research in the Great Basin as a collaborative effort with WCS to examine how human-

altered environments affect mountain lion ecology, behavior, and population dynamics.

Her research in the Great Basin has led to a greater understanding of how source-sink

dynamics of large carnivores may operate at a landscape scale and how predation

behavior and population dynamics of mountain lions may be affected by the presence of

a novel food resource (feral horses). Alyson’s research with species such as mountain

lions and bears that are challenging not only from a biological perspective, but also

politically and socially has made her passionate about working with a diverse array of

stakeholders with varied opinions and backgrounds to achieve conservation for these

species.

Dr. Jon Beckmann, project co-Principle Investigator, is a Conservation Scientist with

WCS and is the Connectivity Initiative Coordinator for WCS’s North America Program.

He is also Principle Investigator or co-Principle Investigator on several projects in the

Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and in other regions of North America. Jon’s current

research projects include: 1) examining the impacts of natural gas field development in

the Upper Green River Basin, Wyoming on pronghorn of Grand Teton National Park

and Western Wyoming; 2) protecting ungulate (pronghorn, moose and elk) migrations

between the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and other regions of the northern Rockies

by understanding and reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions and limiting rural residential

sprawl in migration corridors; 3) an ongoing 15 year study investigating the ecology of

black bears and reducing human-bear conflicts along the wildland-urban interface in

the Lake Tahoe Basin of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Great Basin Desert; 4) using

field data, resource selection modeling, and circuit theory modeling to examine

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connectivity for large carnivores in the northern Rockies; 5) examining the impacts of

the border fence along the US-Mexico border on wildlife connectivity; 6) modeling

migrating routes of nectivorous bats in the SW USA and northern Mexico; and 7)

understanding how human altered environments impact mountain lion ecology,

behavior, and population dynamics in the Great Basin Desert. Along with numerous

peer-reviewed journal publications, Dr. Beckmann is lead editor on a book titled Safe

Passages: Highways, Wildlife and Habitat Connectivity, and he has given over 50

scientific meeting presentations and over 40 invited university and professional training

presentations.

Carl Lackey is a wildlife biologist with the Nevada Department of Wildlife. He has been

involved in black bear research in Nevada since 1997 in collaboration with Dr. Jon

Beckmann and the Wildlife Conservation Society. Carl initialized the use of aversion

conditioning in Nevada on conflict black bears with Karelian Bear Dogs. This work has

led to National and International attention on black bear management in the Greater

Reno/Lake Tahoe area including being showcased on the Discovery Channel and

National Geographic Channel. Carl has also been involved with research on mountain

lions, sage grouse and porcupine in Nevada’s Great Basin Desert. Carl has been the

author or co-author of multiple peer-reviewed and articles pertaining to black bears in

Nevada. He graduated from the University of Nevada, Reno in 1990 and has been with

the Nevada Department of Wildlife since 1993. His position includes management

responsibilities of predators and furbearers for the north western third of the state, and

mule deer, desert bighorn sheep and upland game birds along the Carson Front of the

Sierra Nevada.

Cody Schroeder is the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) Mule Deer Staff

Specialist and has worked for the Nevada Department of Wildlife in the mule deer

ecology and research program since 2009. Cody’s professional interests relate to the

fusion of science and management to provide a better understanding of population

dynamics, habitat use, movement ecology and conservation of large ungulates. He

envisions the future of this progress being achieved through rigorous scientific

investigations including hypothesis testing, experimentation, and using adaptive

189

resource management in policy and planning decisions. Cody received a Master of

Science degree in Biology from Idaho State University in 2007 and a Bachelor of Science

in Wildlife Biology from the University of Idaho in 2001. Cody is currently working as a

wildlife staff biologist for NDOW, while completing a Ph.D in the Ecology, Evolution,

and Conservation Biology program at the University of Nevada, Reno.

Pete Bradley is the Large Carnivore Staff Specialist for the Nevada Department of

Wildlife. Pete has worked with an array of species in Nevada’s Great Basin as a wildlife

biologist with NDOW for over 25 years. Pete holds a Master’s of Science in Wildlife

Ecology from the University of Nevada, Reno.

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source-sink dynamics in mountain lions of the Great Basin. Molecular Ecology 21:5689-

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Andreasen, A, Beckmann JP, Longland W (2013) Characterizing mountain lions in Nevada:

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Beckmann JP, Berger J (2003) Using black bears to test ideal-free distribution models

experimentally. Journal of Mammalogy 84, 594-606.

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gains and uncertainties. In: Large Carnivores and the Conservation of Biodiversity (eds.

Ray JC, Redford KH, Steneck RS, Berger J), pp. 100-109. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Berger J, Wehausen JD (1991) Consequences of a mammalian predator-prey disequilibrium in the

Great Basin desert. Conservation Biology 5, 244-248.

Berger KM (2006) Carnivore-livestock conflicts: Effects of subsidized predator control and

economic correlates on the sheep industry. Conservation Biology 20, 751-761.

Bolnick DI, Ingram T, Stutz WE, et al. (2010) Ecological release from interspecific competition

leads to decoupled changes in population and individual niche width. Proceedings of the

Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 277, 1789-1797.

Cook, RC, Cook JG, and Mech LD (2004) Nuritional condition of northern Yellowstone elk.

Journal of Mammalogy 85:714-722.

Krofel, M, Kos, I, Jerina, K. (2012) The nobel cats and the big bad scavengers: effects of dominant

scavengers on solitary predators. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 66,1297-1304.

Lackey, C and Woolstenhulme R (2012) Nevada mountain lion status report. Proceedings

of the Tenth Mountain Lion Workshop, Bozeman Montana.

Lackey C, Beckmann J, Sedinger J (2013) Bear historic ranges revisited: documenting the increase

of a once extirpated population in Nevada. Journal of Wildlife Management 77, 812-820.

Linnell JDC, Strand O (2000) Interference interactions, co-existence and conservation of

mammalian carnivores. Diversity & Distributions 6, 169.

Messier, F. 1994. Ungulate population models with predation: a case study with the north

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Murphy KM, Felzien GS, Hornocker MG, Ruth TK (1998) Encounter competition between bears

and cougars: some ecological implications. Ursus 10, 55-60.

Robinson HS, Wielgus RB, Gwiliam JC (2002) Cougar predation and population growth of

sympatric mule deer and white-tailed deer. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, 556.

Ruth TK, Smith DW, Haroldson MA, Buotte PC, Schwartz CC, Quigley HB, Cherry S, Murphy KM,

Tyers D, Frey K. (2003) Large-carnivore response to recreational big-game hunting along

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Stiver SJ (1995) Comprehensive Cougar Management Plan. Internal Publication, Nevada

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(Ursus americanus) in North America, p. 161. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D.C.

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Project 33 Bi-State Sage-Grouse Habitat (Piñon-Juniper) (Area 20) Details

Sub-Grant Language With NGO (perhaps FNW)

Subgrantee Subject: Sub‐Grant Award ‐ Notice of Nevada Department of Wildlife’s Bi‐State Greater Sage‐grouse Brood Habitat Restoration Sub‐Grant Award Dear Subgrantee,

1. Subgrantee has been awarded Sub-Grant #02-23-40-00-33 from the Department’s Predation Management Program in the amount of $25,000 for the time period of 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015.

2. The purpose of this award is to recover sagebrush steppe bird, reptile and small mammal habitat with an emphasis on Bi-State Greater Sage-grouse transitional range between their low elevation leking/nesting habitat and their high-elevation brood rearing/water stress period habitat. The project is premised on the notion that where wildlife populations may be functioning at or near minimum population viability, adding additional suitable habitat acreage and travel corridors will improve carrying capacity of the species and therefore allow a population to better handle normal environmental stressors of predation, harsh winters and prolonged drought as well as anthropogenic threats to their habitat that may arise in other portions of their range in western Nevada. This is to carry out work agreed to between the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the National Audubon Society - Lahontan Chapter (NAS-LC) and the Carson Valley Chukar Club (CVCC). The work will be conducted in western Nevada in Douglas, Lyon and Mineral Counties.

3. In accepting these funds, it is understood that:

a. Expenditures must comply with appropriate state and/or federal regulations. b. This sub-grant award is subject to availability of appropriate funds. c. Subgrantee agrees to stipulations in Sections A, B, C of sub-grant award.

Stipulation D is required to be adhered to only if applicable.

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Section A Assurances

As a condition of receiving subgranted funds from NDOW, the Subgrantee agrees to the following conditions: 1. Subgrantee agrees grant funds may not be used for other than the awarded purpose. In the

event Subgrantee expenditures do not comply with this condition, that portion not in compliance must be refunded to NDOW.

2. Subgrantee agrees to submit reimbursement requests for only expenditures approved in the spending plan. Any additional expenditures beyond what is allowable based on approved categorical budget amounts, without prior written approval by NDOW, may result in denial of reimbursement.

3. Approval of subgrant budget by NDOW constitutes prior approval for the expenditure of funds

for specified purposes included in this budget. Unless otherwise stated in the Scope of Work the transfer of funds between budgeted categories without written prior approval from NDOW is not allowed under the terms of this subgrant. Requests to revise approved budgeted amounts must be made in writing and provide sufficient narrative detail to determine justification.

4. Recipients of subgrants are required to maintain subgrant accounting records, identifiable by

subgrant number. Such records shall be maintained in accordance with the following:

a. Records may be destroyed not less than three years (unless otherwise stipulated) after the final report has been submitted if written approval has been requested and received from the Administrative Services Officer III of NDOW. Records may be destroyed by the Subgrantee five calendar years after the final financial and narrative reports have been submitted to NDOW.

b. In all cases an overriding requirement exists to retain records until resolution of any audit questions relating to individual sub‐grants.

Sub‐grant accounting records are considered to be all records relating to the expenditure and reimbursement of funds awarded under this Sub‐grant Award. Records required for retention include all accounting records and related original and supporting documents that substantiate costs charged to the sub‐grant activity.

5. Sub‐grantee agrees to disclose any existing or potential conflicts of interest relative to the

performance of services resulting from this sub‐grant award. NDOW reserves the right to disqualify any grantee on the grounds of actual or apparent conflict of interest. Any attempt to intentionally or unintentionally conceal or obfuscate a conflict of interest will automatically result in the disqualification of funding.

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6. Subgrantee agrees to comply with the requirements of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as

amended, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, P.L. 93‐112, as amended, and any relevant program‐specific regulations, and shall not discriminate against any employee or offer for employment because of race, national origin, creed, color, sex, religion, age, disability or handicap condition (including AIDS and AIDS‐related conditions).

7. Subgrantee agrees to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (P.L. 101‐136), 42 U.S.C. 12101, as amended, and regulations adopted there under contained in 28 CFR 26.101‐36.999 inclusive, and any relevant program‐specific regulations.

8. Subgrantee certifies, by signing this subgrant, that neither it nor its principals are presently

debarred, suspended, proposed for debarment, declared ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from participation in this transaction by any federal department or agency. This certification is made pursuant to regulations implementing Executive Order 12549, Debarment and Suspension, 28 C.F.R. pt. 67 § 67.510, as published as pt. VII of May 26, 1988, Federal Register (pp.19150‐19211). This provision shall be required of every Subgrantee receiving any payment in whole or in part from federal funds.

9. Subgrantee agrees, whether expressly prohibited by federal, state, or local law, or otherwise,

that no funding associated with this subgrant be used for any purpose associated with or related to lobbying or influencing or attempting to lobby or influence for any purpose the following:

a. any federal, state, county or local agency, legislature, commission, council, or board;

b. any federal, state, county or local legislator, commission member, council member, board member, or other elected official; or

c. any officer or employee of any federal, state, county or local agency, legislature, commission, council, or board.

10. NDOW subgrants are subject to inspection and audit by representatives of NDOW, the State

Department of Administration, the Audit Department of the Legislative Counsel Bureau or other appropriate state or federal agencies to:

a. verify financial transactions and determine whether funds were used in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and procedures;

b. ascertain whether policies, plans and procedures are being followed; c. provide management with objective and systematic appraisals of financial and

administrative controls, including information as to whether operations are carried out effectively, efficiently and economically; and

d. determine reliability of financial aspects of the conduct of the project. 11. Any audit of Subgrantee's expenditures will be performed in accordance with Generally

Accepted Government Auditing Standards to determine there is proper accounting for and use of subgrant funds. It is the policy of NDOW (as well as a federal requirement as specified in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A‐133 [Revised June 27th, 2003]) that each

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grantee annually expending $500,000 or more in federal funds have an annual audit prepared by an independent auditor in accordance with the terms and requirements of the appropriate circular. A COPY OF THE FINAL AUDIT REPORT MUST BE SENT TO THE NEVADA STATE NEVADA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE, ATTN: ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES OFFICER II, 4600 KIETZKE LANE, SUITE 137 RENO, NEVADA 89502‐ within nine (9) months of the close of the Subgrantee’s fiscal year. To ensure this requirement is met Section C of this subgrant must be filled out and signed.

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SECTION B

Description of services, scope of work, deliverables and reimbursement

1. Brief Summary of Project

NDOW has been working closely with the USFS, BLM and Lahontan Audubon (NAS‐LC) to identify those areas in western Nevada that continue to provide the Bi‐State Greater Sage‐grouse population with suitable year round habitat. In delineating these areas, it has come to our attention that a significant acreage of historical sage‐grouse habitat has filled in recently with singleleaf piñon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodland. In the process, several travel corridors that sage‐grouse historically used to move from winter/spring to summer/fall ranges have filled in with woodland as well. While these woodland areas harbor their own suite of native bird, mammal and reptile wildlife species (i.e. American kestrel, pinyon jay, western scrub jay, sooty grouse, mountain bluebird, Townsend’s solitaire, ash‐throated flycatcher, mountain chickadee, black‐throated gray warbler, dark‐eyed junco, Cassin’s finch, pine siskin, western tanager, piñon mouse, Panamint chipmunk, Townsend’s big‐eared bat, ringtail, Great Basin rattlesnake, Great Basin Skink, etc), the rapid conversion from sagebrush steppe to woodland is putting further strain on an already isolated and small population of greater sage‐grouse as well as on a suite of other sagebrush obligate wildlife species (i.e. prairie falcon, Brewer’s sparrow, vesper sparrow, sage sparrow, lark sparrow, burrowing owl, loggerhead shrike, green‐tailed towhee, gray‐crowned rosy‐finch, Merriam’s shrew, sagebrush vole, Great Basin pocket mouse, pygmy rabbit, mountain cottontail, black‐tailed jackrabbit, common gray fox, sagebrush lizard, western fence lizard, Great Basin gopher snake, etc). The sheer magnitude of the recent habitat conversion from sagebrush steppe to piñon‐juniper woodland was revealed during earlier field work. NDOW is partnering with the USFS, BLM, NAS‐LC and CVCC to hire a full‐time Hand Crew to commence work in late early 2014 to conduct PJ removal work in oftentimes steep, narrow riparian corridors that historically connected winter/spring to summer/fall greater sage‐grouse habitats. Because of the nature of the terrain and its wilderness character, all work will be conducted using a Minimum Tool strategy. Work will be concentrated on projects sites in southern Lyon and northern Mineral counties, and funds permitting, some work in Douglas and northern Lyon counties as well (Figure 1). Given the large scope of the project, a completion date is hard to define. However, given the estimates of hundreds of hectares of potential sagebrush steppe habitat restoration, the project is expected to take three to five years to complete. In addition to funding provided by NDOW’s Predation Management Program, funds are also being leveraged through NDOW’s Habitat Restoration, Heritage and Upland Game Stamp Programs. Two NGOs, Lahontan Audubon and the Carson Valley Chukar Club may also provide additional grants specific to this project.

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2. Subgrantee Obligations:

Subgrantee, hereinafter referred to as Subgrantee, agrees to provide the following services and reports according to the identified timeframes:

Use Project Location Table 1 and Figure 1 as guides to conduct piñon‐juniper removal efforts in the Bi‐State range of the Greater Sage‐grouse in western Nevada as weather conditions permit. Camp on site at remote project locations to increase efficiency and reduce travel costs.

Remove all piñon‐juniper trees and saplings from a 100 meter swath moving up targeted draws/drainages as trees are removed. Use hand saws, crosscut saws and other hand tools to kill trees (No motorized tools will be allowed). Buck up all trees and physically remove them from the treatment corridor, preferably scattering them in adjacent piñon‐juniper habitat. An alternative of piling and burning the debris on site during the winter season is being explored as well.

As well as possible, document floral and faunal species diversity in the treatment site during the operation. This shall include before and after photos of the treated project areas.

Modify Table 1 as project areas are partially and/or fully completed. Include total hectares treated per area (GPS polygon data), project area starting and completion dates, total work days per project area and any additional notes (i.e. weather delays, unique species, etc) directly on Table 1. Update table name to reflect date submitted and email modified Table 1 in Excel Format to [email protected] once per month, preferably during the first week of each month.

Every 90 days, provide brief quarterly progress report in narrative Microsoft Word format summarizing project areas completed, total hectares per project area treated, total land area treated (sq km), total costs incurred as well as any anecdotal information and photographs (i.e. before and after landscape shots, rare species, etc) the crew deems appropriate.

Email report to the same as provided in the bullet statement prior and send one hard copy to:

Peter V. Bradley

Nevada Department of Wildlife

1100 Valley Road

Reno, Nevada 89512

Any activities performed under this sub‐grant shall acknowledge funding was provided through the State Nevada Department of Wildlife with Federal Agency funds if used.

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3. The Nevada Department of Wildlife Obligations:

Provide technical assistance, upon request from the Sub‐grantee.

Provide on‐site, project location training and guidance at the beginning of each new crew’s tenure.

The Nevada Department of Wildlife reserves the right to hold reimbursement under this sub‐grant until any delinquent forms, reports, and expenditure documentations are submitted to and accepted by the Nevada Department of Wildlife.

4. Joint Obligations:

The Nevada Department of Wildlife will conduct random site visits on current and completed sagebrush habitat restoration project sites. Additional guidance may be given at this time. If, for example, completed project sites are found to contain additional opportunities for habitat restoration, crews may be redeployed to these project areas or new adjacent project areas not yet identified on the Project Table.

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Section C Budget, Terms of Reimbursement, Financial Reports

Preliminary:

Project 33 FY14 Budget Category Amount Required Information NDOW Portion

Personnel

Crew Labor

4 Hand Crew Members @ $16.00/hr/member $ 66,560.00 13 ten‐day tours $ 33,280.00

Travel

Crew Per Diem @ $31.00/day/member $ 16,120.00 Four people for 130 days $ 16,120.00

Vehicle Mileage $0.55/mile $ 11,000.00 20,000 miles $ 11,000.00

Operating

Tool Repair, Tool Sharpening, Camp Supplies, etc. $ 14,600.00 Crosscut Saw, Polaski, Stove, Tent $ 14,600.00

Total Cost $ 108,280.00 $ 75,000.00

Contractor In‐Kind Contribution (Crew Labor) $ 33,280.00

Total Project Value $108,280.00

Total Funding $108,280.00

NDOW Habitat Fund $ 50,000.00

NDOW Predator Fund $ 25,000.00

Contractor In‐Kind Contribution $ 33,280.00

1. Conditions for Equipment and Travel

Equipment purchased with these funds belongs to the state program from which this funding was appropriated and shall be returned to the program upon termination of this agreement.

Travel expenses, per diem, and other related expenses must conform to the procedures and rates allowed for State officers and employees. It is the Policy of the Board of Examiners to restrict contractors/Subgrantees to the same rates and procedures allowed State Employees. The State of Nevada reimburses at rates comparable to the rates established by the US General Services Administration, with some exceptions (State Administrative Manual 0200.0 and 0320.0).

2. Reimbursement Terms

Subgrantee agrees to request reimbursement according to the schedule specified below for the actual expenses incurred related to the Scope of Work during the subgrant period.

Subgrantee will submit reimbursements quarterly.

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Total reimbursement request cannot exceed $75,000.

Requests for Reimbursement will be accompanied by supporting documentation, including a line item description of expenses incurred;

Additional expenditure detail will be provided upon request from the Department.

Additionally, the Subgrantee agrees to provide:

A complete financial accounting of all expenditures to the Nevada Department of Wildlife within 30 days of the CLOSE OF THE SUBGRANT PERIOD. Any un‐obligated funds shall be returned to the Nevada Department of Wildlife at that time, or if not already requested, shall be deducted from the final award.

All reports of expenditures and requests for reimbursement processed by the Nevada Department of Wildlife are SUBJECT TO AUDIT.

This subgrant agreement may be TERMINATED by either party prior to the date set forth on the Notice of Subgrant Award, provided the termination shall not be effective until 30 days after a party has served written notice upon the other party. This agreement may be terminated by mutual consent of both parties or unilaterally by either party without cause. The parties expressly agree that this Agreement shall be terminated immediately if for any reason the Nevada Department of Wildlife, state, and/or federal funding ability to satisfy this Agreement is withdrawn, limited, or impaired. This subgrant agreement may also be terminated by the Department at any time during the grant year for the following reasons: (1) conduct that interferes with the administration of the grant; (2) illegal activity of any kind; (3) insolvency; (4) failure to disclose a conflict of interest; (5) influence by a gratuity; (6) any other violations of the terms of the grant agreement; and (7) substantiated fraud, abuse, or misappropriation of grant funds. In the event the Department terminates the Agreement, Subgrantee shall: (1) repay to the Department any outstanding advance; (2) Subgrantee shall be reimbursed for any grant‐related expenses incurred after the termination effective date; and (3) Subgrantee shall transfer or liquidate all equipment and non‐consumables purchased with grant funds during the grant period (including equipment with an original purchase price of $1,000 or more, all computers and software regardless of original purchase price, and any other items the Department has required the Grantee to inventory during the course of the grant); (4) surrender any and all documents related to the grant that the Department deems necessary; and (5) repay to the Department all grant funds found to be unallowable costs.

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SECTION D

NEVADA STATE NEVADA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AUDIT INFORMATION REQUEST

1. Non‐Federal entities that expend $500,000.00 or more in total Federal Awards are required to have a single or program‐specific audit conducted for that year, in accordance with OMB Circular A‐133. A COPY OF THE FINAL AUDIT REPORT MUST BE SENT TO THE NEVADA STATE NEVADA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE, ATTN: ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES OFFICER II, 4600 KIETZKE LANE, SUITE 137, RENO, NEVADA 89502, within nine (9) months of the close of your fiscal year.

2. Did your organization expend $500,000.00 or more in all Federal Awards during your most recent fiscal year? YES ____ NO ____

3. When does your fiscal year end? ______________________

4. How often is your organization audited? ____________________

5. When was your last audit performed? ________________________

6. What time period did it cover? _________________________

7. Which accounting firm conducted the audit? _______________________

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Signature Page:

Nevada Department of Wildlife: Signature # 1 (Deputy Director) Date Title Signature # 2 (Deputy Director) Date Title Signature # 3 (Program Manager) Date Title NDOW’s Fiscal Services’ Budget and Funding Approval: Signature # 3 (ASO III) Date Title

Subgrantee: Signature # 1 Date Title Signature # 2 Date Title

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Appendix A

Figure 1. General Project Area map for sage grouse habitat restoration.

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Table 1. Specific Project Area locations for sage grouse habitat restoration.

Location

Estimated Project

Area Treatment Hectares

Hectares Treated as of 1

October 2013

Project Completed?

y/n

Project Name County UTM East

UTM North Date?

Bald Mtn 1 LY 310970 4263644 30 0 n 1 Oct 2013

Bald Mtn 1 End LY 312799 4264484

Bald Mtn 2 LY 310710 4266357 18 0 n 1 Oct 2013

Bald Mtn 2 End LY 312237 4266597

East Sister 1 LY 303071 4267233 14 0 n 1 Oct 2013 East Sister 1 End LY 301878 4267464

East Sister 2 LY 301121 4268659 7 0 n 1 Oct 2013 East Sister 2 End LY 300839 4268307

South Sister 1 LY 304617 4262065 15 0 n 1 Oct 2013

S Sister 1 End LY 303451 4262387

South Sister 2 LY 303177 4262958 8 0 n 1 Oct 2013

S Sister 2 End LY 302530 4262860

Sweetwater Can LY 302682 4263936 5 0 n 1 Oct 2013

Sweetwater End LY 302179 4263934

China 1 MI 322196 4247630 17 0 n 1 Oct 2013

China 1 End MI 321131 4246914

China 2 MI 322447 4244688 13 0 n 1 Oct 2013

China 2 End MI 321366 4244918

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Fiscal Year 2014 Wildlife Reserve Account Project Proposal

Project Summary

Project Title: Bi‐State Greater Sage‐grouse Nest/Brood Habitat Restoration

Wildlife Reserve Account that Would Fund this Project: Habitat Account

NDOW Project Manager (PM): Peter V. Bradley

PM Phone Number and Email Address: 775‐688‐1676, [email protected]

Total Funds Requested from the Wildlife Reserve Account: $50,000

Funds to be Used from Other Sources: $58,280

Total Project Cost to be Funded by All Sources: $108,280

Would Funds from this Program Be Used for State Matching Purposes? No, not at this

juncture.

If Yes, Which Federal Grant?

Project Proposal

I. Brief Description of the Need for the Project: Greater sage‐grouse in Nevada’s Bi‐State

Population Management Unit are experiencing significant stresses to their native habitats.

These impacts threaten the very long term existence of sage grouse in western Nevada and

eastern California. This project attempts to help reverse these trends.

II. Project Purpose and Objectives: Recover sagebrush steppe bird, reptile and small mammal

habitat with an emphasis on Bi‐State Greater Sage‐Grouse transitional range between their low

elevation leking/nesting habitats and high‐elevation brood rearing/water stress period habitats.

The project is premised on the notion that where wildlife populations may be functioning at or

near minimum population viability, adding additional suitable habitat acreage and travel

corridors will improve carrying capacity of species and therefore allow wildlife populations to

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better handle normal environmental stressors of wildfire, predation, harsh winters and

prolonged drought as well as anthropogenic threats to their habitat that may arise in other

portions of their range in western Nevada. This effort is designed to compliment work agreed

to already between the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), private landowners, the U.S.

Forest Service (USFS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Efforts are also underway

to include the local Audubon Society ‐ Lahontan Chapter (NAS‐LC) and Carson Valley Chukar

Club (CVCC) as project partners.

III. Project Location: This work will be conducted in western Nevada in Douglas, Lyon, Mineral

and possibly Esmeralda counties in high priority greater sage‐grouse habitats. Specifically, the

first year’s work will focus on private lands and areas of public land that have current NEPA

clearance (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. General Project Area map for sage grouse habitat restoration.

IV. Describe the Specific Benefits of this Project: NDOW has been working closely with the

USFS, BLM and Lahontan Audubon (NAS‐LC) to identify those areas in western Nevada that

continue to provide the Bi‐State greater sage‐grouse population with suitable year round

habitat. In delineating these areas, it has come to our attention that a significant acreage of

historical sage‐grouse habitat has filled in recently with singleleaf piñon (Pinus monophylla) and

Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodland (PJ). In the process, several travel corridors that

sage‐grouse historically used to move from winter/spring to summer/fall ranges have filled in

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with woodland as well. While these woodland areas harbor their own suite of native bird,

mammal and reptile wildlife species (i.e. American kestrel, pinyon jay, western scrub jay, sooty

grouse, mountain bluebird, Townsend’s solitaire, ash‐throated flycatcher, mountain chickadee,

black‐throated gray warbler, dark‐eyed junco, Cassin’s finch, pine siskin, western tanager,

piñon mouse, Panamint chipmunk, Townsend’s big‐eared bat, ringtail, Great Basin rattlesnake,

Great Basin Skink, etc), the rapid conversion from sagebrush steppe to woodland is putting

further strain on an already isolated and small population of greater sage‐grouse as well as on

a suite of other sagebrush obligate wildlife species (i.e. prairie falcon, Brewer’s sparrow, vesper

sparrow, sage sparrow, lark sparrow, burrowing owl, loggerhead shrike, green‐tailed towhee,

gray‐crowned rosy‐finch, Merriam’s shrew, sagebrush vole, Great Basin pocket mouse, pygmy

rabbit, mountain cottontail, black‐tailed jackrabbit, common gray fox, sagebrush lizard,

western fence lizard, Great Basin gopher snake, etc). The sheer magnitude of the recent habitat

conversion from sagebrush steppe to piñon‐juniper woodland was revealed during earlier field

work.

NDOW wants to partner with the USFS, BLM, NAS‐LC and CVCC to hire a fulltime Hand

Crew to commence work in late 2013 to conduct PJ removal work in oftentimes steep, narrow

riparian and sage/steppe corridors that historically connected winter/spring and summer/fall

greater sage‐grouse habitats. Because of the nature of the terrain and its wilderness character,

all work will be conducted using a Minimum Tool strategy. The specific benefit of the project

is that it will bridge a gap between valley and mountain sage‐brush steppe habitats in areas

where, due to the rugged terrain, mechanical PJ treatment work has not been possible.

V. Project Approach: Remove all piñon‐juniper trees and saplings from a 100 meter swath

moving up targeted draws/drainages as trees are removed. Use hand saws, crosscut saws and

other hand tools to kill and remove trees. No motorized tools will be allowed. Buck up all

trees and physically remove them from the treatment corridor, preferably scattering them in

adjacent piñon‐juniper habitat. An alternative of piling and burning wood debris on site

during winter will be explored as well. Following woodland removal, use shoulder‐mounted

hand‐ crank seed hoppers to hand‐broadcast native sagebrush steppe seed mixtures where

appropriate. Contractor will be required to camp on site at remote project locations in all

seasons to increase efficiency and reduce travel costs.

VI. Project Schedule: Fiscal Year 2013 ‐ 18 December 2013 to 30 June 2014. Given the large scope

of the project, a completion date is hard to define. However, given the estimates of hundreds

of hectares of potential sagebrush steppe habitat restoration, the project is expected to take

three to five years to complete.

VII. Relationship to NDOW Plans, Policies and Programs: Sagebrush steppe habitat restoration is

identified as one of the highest priorities in NDOW’s Wildlife Action Plan. Specifically,

sagebrush obligate and high use species such as the greater sage‐grouse, Brewer’s sparrow,

sage sparrow, mule deer, mountain quail and pygmy rabbit are all singled out for special

consideration in sagebrush habitat restoration prioritization; all species that could benefit

directly from this project.

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VIII. Other Projects or Activities that Need to Be Accomplished Before this Project Can Be

Completed: This project is shovel‐ready.

IX. Describe How the Effects of the Project will be Measured and Monitored: Floral and faunal

species diversity will be documented in the treatment sites before, during and after operations

for each project site. This shall include before and after photos of the treated project areas.

Total hectares treated per area (GPS polygon data), project area starting and completion dates,

total work days per project area and any additional notes (i.e. weather delays, unique species,

etc) will be required as part of a quarterly reporting regimen from the contractor. Specifically,

for greater sage‐grouse, both lek, brood and high elevation late summer/fall population

surveys will be required of the contractor before and after each operation as is deemed

practical and realistic for each project area.

Project Costs and Funding

X. Cost Summary

Project 33 FY14 Budget Category Amount Required Information NDOW Portion

Personnel

Crew Labor

4 Hand Crew Members @ $16.00/hr/member $ 66,560.00 13 ten‐day tours $ 33,280.00

Travel

Crew Per Diem @ $31.00/day/member $ 16,120.00 Four people for 130 days $ 16,120.00

Vehicle Mileage $0.55/mile $ 11,000.00 20,000 miles $ 11,000.00

Operating

Tool Repair, Tool Sharpening, Camp Supplies, etc. $ 14,600.00 Crosscut Saw, Polaski, Stove, Tent $ 14,600.00

Total Cost $ 108,280.00 $ 75,000.00

Contractor In‐Kind Contribution (Crew Labor) $ 33,280.00

Total Project Value $108,280.00

Total Funding $108,280.00

NDOW Habitat Fund $ 50,000.00

NDOW Predator Fund $ 25,000.00

Contractor In‐Kind Contribution $ 33,280.00

XI. Would Funds from this Program Be Used for State Matching Purposes? Yes ___ No _Not at

this juncture. Perhaps in subsequent fiscal years.

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XII. Which Federal Grant Would the Matching Funds be Used For? Fed Grant #11366092 ‐W‐48‐

R

XIII. Is this Project Going to Continue After FY14? Yes _God Willing. No _____

If yes, is this going to be an annual, recurring project? Yes _***& No _***__

If it is not going to be an annual project, what fiscal year is it expected to end? FY _2019__

XIV. Annual Costs (if this is a Recurring Project) or Total Project Costs Beyond FY14: $153,000

per year (includes Contractor In Kind Labor Match of $51,000/year). ($765,000 for five years).

Sub-Grant Language With USFS

BACKGROUND Pinyon-Juniper Encroachment

Since the mid 1800s, the cover, density, and mean age of singleleaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus spp. primarily Juniperus osteosperma), have increased across the Great Basin at the expense of ecosystems dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and other native shrubs, grasses, and forbs. Higher woody fuel loads and associated changes in stand structure alter fire behavior, resulting in a trend away from relatively moderate fires toward infrequent but high severity fires. High severity fires can increase the susceptibility of low to mid-elevation woodlands to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and other invasive non- native species. Pinyon-juniper woodland expansion has replaced shrub-steppe vegetation, leading to increases in hazardous woody fuels, loss of sagebrush habitats for wildlife, decreases in species diversity, reduction or loss of seed banks, decreases in aquifer recharge, and increases in soil erosion rates (Koniak and Everett 1982, Wilcox and Breshears 1994, Davenport et al. 1998, West, 1999, Miller et al. 2000). One of the main concerns with pinyon-juniper woodlands on the Bridgeport District is the conversion of Phase 1 and 2 (low and medium canopy closure) to Phase 3 (canopy closure and loss of understory vegetation). Miller et al. (2008) estimate a 2 percent annual conversion rate of pinyon-juniper woodlands to Phase 3 in the Great Basin. Based on the 2 percent annual conversion rate (approximately 316,384 total acres of pinyon-juniper on the Bridgeport District; 253,107 acres in Phase 1 and 2), approximately 5,062 acres a year are being converted to Phase 3 (D. Dong, Personal Communication, 03/06/2013). As pinyon-juniper woodlands move from Phase 1 and 2 into Phase 3, restoration of sagebrush-steppe communities becomes more difficult and costly. Proactive management can provide positive use of pinyon-juniper fuels while reducing the risk of high severity wildfires, reducing the risk of cheatgrass invasion following high severity fires, and restoring sagebrush-steppe communities. Treating pinyon-juniper on a landscape scale can reduce future fire suppression costs, protect intact sagebrush-steppe communities from high severity wildfire, and improve the likelihood of restoring areas to sagebrush-steppe communities by targeting Phase 1 and 2 pinyon-juniper woodlands for

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treatment before conversion occurs.

Bi-State Sage-Grouse The greater sage-grouse is a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Sage- grouse on the Bridgeport District are part of a distinct population segment (DPS) of the greater sage-grouse. This DPS, called the Bi-state population, was given a higher priority for listing than the greater sage-grouse as a whole due to the presence of more immediate and severe threats. Threats include habitat loss caused by development, grazing, invasive species, pinyon- juniper encroachment, and wildfire. Expansion of pinyon-juniper results in loss and fragmentation of suitable habitat for sage-grouse through removal of understory shrubs, grasses, and forbs needed for adult and chick survival, loss and drying of meadow (brood-rearing) habitat, increases in perching opportunities for raptors (increased predation rate), sage-grouse avoidance of pinyon-juniper stands, and increased risk of high severity wildfire (Bi-State Action Plan, 2012). The Bi-State Action Plan (2012) identifies pinyon-juniper encroachment and wildfire as high level threats for the Desert Creek-Fales and Mount Grant Bi-state sage-grouse PMUs. The priority conservation strategies identified in the Bi-State Action Plan are as follows: Desert Creek-Fales PMU: "Treat pinyon-juniper encroachment in potential nesting and connectivity habitats and around historic springs where spring flow may be restored by tree removal; and minimize large scale habitat loss due to wildfire by implementing fuel reduction treatments…" Mount Grant PMU: "Treat pinyon-juniper encroachment to increase the availability of nesting habitat especially at lower elevations and to facilitate connectivity within and among populations; and minimize large scale habitat loss due to wildfire by implementing fuel reduction treatments…" Approximately 30,704 acres of the project area are within the Desert Creek-Fales PMU and the remaining 10,646 acres are in the Mount Grant PMU (Figure 2). The project area also includes 26,746 acres designated as Preliminary Priority Habitat (PPH) for Bi-state sage-grouse (Figure 2). PPH was identified and designated by the Bi-State Technical Advisory Committee using a modeling approach based on sage-grouse lek locations and telemetry data. Pinyon-juniper treatments are planned both within and adjacent to PPH habitat to improve habitat quality, increase connectivity, and reduce risk of wildfire.

PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION The purpose of this project is to improve, enhance, and protect Bi-state sage-grouse habitat, increase habitat connectivity by reducing pinyon-juniper encroachment into sagebrush ecosystems, and reduce the risk of high severity wildfire to sage-grouse habitat and private property. The need for this project is to address the priority conservation strategies for the Desert Creek-Fales and Mount Grant PMUs as identified in the Bi-State Action Plan (2012) and to reduce hazardous fuels in priority sage-grouse habitat, the WUI, and surrounding areas. PROPOSED ACTION

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The Forest Service and NDOW proposes to remove pinyon pine and juniper using a combination of mechanical methods and prescribed fire on up to 41,350 acres within the project area. The project area includes the East Walker Landscape Habitat Improvement Projects Area, Long Doctor, Bald Mountain, and China Camp Areas. Mechanical methods would be emphasized on slopes less than 35 percent and around private lands to reduce the risk of wildfire, improve the health and diversity of vegetation, and improve the quality of wildlife habitat in areas where the use of prescribed fire would not achieve desired objectives or would be difficult to implement. The majority of trees in the project area are pinyon pine. Treatments would primarily focus on Phase 1 and Phase 2 pinyon and juniper stands (Table 1). Some areas of Phase 3 pinyon may also be treated as necessary to increase habitat connectivity and reduce the risk of wildfire to adjacent sagebrush habitats. Treatments may include the complete removal of trees (all live trees exceeding 1 foot in total height would be completely severed from the stump) or thinning (select trees would be removed from the stand). Tree removal and cutting would be avoided in true pinyon-juniper woodland ecological sites (pre-settlement trees). No identifiable pre-settlement trees would be targeted for removal. These trees can be identified on the landscape by their flattened, rounded, and or asymmetrical crowns, which stand well above the surrounding younger trees (typically shorter with conical crowns that display a pointed tip).

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Table 1: Description of Woodland Phases. Adapted from Miller et al. (2000, 2005, and

2008).

Phase Description 0 No trees present, or the trees present are :S 10 per acre.1 Small trees are present, but shrubs, grasses, and forbs dominate the vegetation

that influences ecological processes (hydrology, nutrient cycles, and energy capture) on the site.

2 Trees co-dominate with shrubs, grasses, and forbs. All vegetation layers influence ecological processes. Trees grow fast (have pointed tops) and bigger trees may produce many berries or pine nuts. Late Phase 2 has more fuel, produces more heat during fire, and has weaker understory vegetation for site recovery.

3 Trees are the dominant vegetation and the primary plant layer influencingecological processes on the site. Tree growth slow (tops become rounded) while seed production declines. When tree cover exceeds 60% of the total vegetation cover, most understory vegetation is dying or dead.

Pre- settlement

These trees can be identified on the landscape by their flattened, rounded, and or asymmetrical crowns, which stand well above the surrounding younger trees (typically shorter with conical crowns that display a pointed tip).

Description of Potential Treatments Lop and Scatter – Hand crews would use chainsaws to fell trees within the treatment unit. Treatments may include complete removal (all live trees exceeding 1 foot in total height would be completely severed from the stump) or thinning (select trees would be removed from the stand). Trees would be left on site to decompose naturally. Depending on the size of the trees, limbs would be lopped and scattered into natural openings on the ground to facilitate decomposition.

Cut and Pile Burn - Hand crews would use chainsaws to fell trees within the treatment unit. Slash would be piled by hand and hand piles would be constructed in a tight, compact fashion. Pile diameter would be between 6 and 10 feet. Wherever possible, hand piles would be constructed on top of cut stumps and in openings created by removal of larger trees. Piles would be burned under favorable conditions once the slash has cured, typically the following fall/winter.

Mastication - Heavy equipment would be used to remove and grind trees. Heavy equipment may include wheeled or tracked vehicles. Complete removal of trees (all live trees exceeding 1 foot in total height would be completely severed from the stump) or thinning (select trees would be removed from the stand) may be used. Masticated material would be spread and left on site to decompose naturally. Mastication would primarily be used in areas with less than 35 percent slope.

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Prescribed Fire – Prescribed fire would be used to reduce pinyon-juniper densities and improve structural and age class diversity within sagebrush and mountain brush communities. Prescribed fire treatments would typically be used to treat pinyon-juniper at mid elevations and on slopes greater than 35 percent, but may be used in other areas as appropriate. Prescribed fire treatments may occur during any season of the year within established prescriptions. A prescribed burn plan written by a qualified burn boss would be followed. Burned openings would typically range from 0.25 to 200 acres in size and would create a mosaic pattern across the landscape. Size of openings may vary depending on the vegetation community and intensity of the burn, some larger openings may be created due to the unpredictable nature of fire and weather conditions. Prescribed fire treatments may include ground ignition (drip torches and or flares), aerial ignition (helicopter/helitorch and or Plastic Sphere Dispenser (PSD)), and management of naturally occurring wildfires for resource benefits. Ground support staging areas would occur on existing roads or in designated areas. Hand lines may be used on a limited basis to protect archaeological resources, private lands, or other high value resources. Firefighting resources would be present to ensure full containment of the prescribed fire within the project area.

The target areas for prescribed fire treatments include Phase 1, Phase 2, and limited areas of Phase 3 pinyon-juniper stands. No ignition of pre-settlement trees would occur; however, pre- settlement trees adjacent to target areas may be scorched or killed. Prescribed fire would not be used in areas where the risk of cheatgrass increase is high, particularly on steep south facing slopes that have lost herbaceous understory vegetation.

Commercial and Personal Use Fuelwood Removal – Personal use fuelwood removal permits and commercial fuelwood contracts would be sold to cut and remove pinyon pine and juniper in designated areas. Slash would be lopped and scattered or piled by hand and burned under favorable conditions once the slash has cured.

Seeding Native Species – A native species seed mix appropriate for the site and collected locally when possible may be used if native recruitment is less than desired following treatment. Seeds would be certified "weed free" and seeding would occur through hand, mechanical, or aerial application.

Potential Treatments by Unit See Figure 3 for unit boundaries and Table 1 for description of woodland phases.

West 1: Most of this 603 acre unit is Phase 0 and Phase 1. Treatments may include lop and scatter, cut and pile burn, commercial and personal use fuelwood removal, and mastication. West 2: The majority of this 1,626 acre unit is Phase 2. Treatments may include lop and scatter, cut and pile burn, mastication, commercial and personal use fuelwood removal, and seeding.

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South 1: Most of this 2,829 acre unit is Phase 0 and Phase 1. Treatments may include lop and scatter. South 2: A majority of this 7,817 acre unit is Phase 2 with some Phase 3 in the southern portion. Treatments may include lop and scatter, cut and pile burn, mastication, prescribed fire, commercial and personal use fuelwood removal, and seeding. North 1: Most of this 6,185 acre unit is Phase 0 and Phase 1. Treatments may include lop and scatter and prescribed fire. North 2: Most of this 10,816 acre unit is Phase 0 and Phase 1. Some Phase 3 is present along the outer edges of the unit. Treatments may include lop and scatter, cut and pile burn, and prescribed fire. North 3: A majority of this 5,659 acre unit is Phase 2. Treatments may include lop and scatter, cut and pile burn, mastication, prescribed fire, and seeding. North 4: A majority of this 5,815 acre unit is Phase 3. Treatments may include lop and scatter, cut and pile burn, mastication, prescribed fire, and seeding. Relevant Project Design Features Wildlife

• When possible, treatments would be timed to avoid potential destruction of migratory bird nests or young birds. If mechanical treatments were planned during the breeding season (May 15-August 31), a qualified biologist would survey the area prior to treatment to determine if nests are present. If nests or evidence of nesting are observed, a protective buffer would be delineated to prevent destruction or disturbance to nests until they are no longer active. If prescribed fire treatments were planned during the breeding season, ignition activities would be less than two weeks in duration to allow migratory birds that may lose their nest to re-nest.

• No treatments would occur during the sage-grouse breeding, nesting, and early brood-

rearing season (March 1 - June 30) in areas identified as sage-grouse breeding, nesting, and early brood-rearing habitat. Treatments may occur during this time period in some areas within the project boundary where a biological evaluation determines that treatments are unlikely to result in disturbance to sage-grouse.

• Treatments would not occur in key mule deer areas during the fawning season (June 15 -

July 15). Vegetation:

• Pinyon pine tree thinning and mastication may only occur from July 1 - December 31 in areas where pinyon engraver bark beetle (Ips confuses) infestation is identified as a concern.

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• In areas adjacent to pre-settlement trees, pinyon pine tree boles and limbs greater than 4 inches in diameter at root collar (DRC) would be bucked into rounds less than 2-feet in length. These rounds and limbs would be moved away from residual pre-settlement trees to reduce the chance of pinyon engraver bark beetle (Ips confuses) infestation.

• Prescribed fire ignition would not occur on rocky outcrops to avoid burning pre-

settlement trees and rare plant communities.

Noxious Weeds/Invasive Species:

• As needed, control of noxious weeds and invasive species would be done under the Forest's approved treatment program.

• Contract equipment would be washed and inspected prior to entering National Forest

System lands to remove any soil and debris that may harbor noxious weed seeds.

• Areas with higher concentrations of cheatgrass and or medusa head would be evaluated prior to any prescribed burning and or mastication activity to determine the risk of spreading these weeds following implementation. If the risk of cheatgrass spread is considered high, the site would be avoided or mitigated with pretreatment and seeding of native grasses.

Soils and Water:

• No trees would be removed from areas where they provide stream bank stability.

• Ground based equipment would only cross at established stream crossings.

• Pile burning would be minimized in riparian areas (ecosystems that occur along

watercourses or water bodies that have unique soil and plant characteristics).

• Generally, ground based equipment would operate on slopes less than 35 percent (30% on decomposed granite soils). Ground based operations may occur on slopes up to 50 percent on short pitches of 150 feet or less; these would be designed on a unit by unit basis only after soil stability, soil rock content, and the location of the steep slope in relation to the remaining portions of the treatment unit have been determined to be appropriate by the Forest Service.

• Motorized equipment would not be used when soils are saturated.

• To mitigate ground disturbance during mastication, track equipment operators would

avoid making abundant sharp right angle turns. Instead a gentle curved pattern with the least amount of sharp angles would be utilized during implementation to reduce ground disturbance. Different routes would be used to avoid creating the appearance of trails. Debris would be spread and berms shoveled down to retain a natural appearance.

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Prescribed Fire:

• All federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to prescribed burning and smoke management would be followed. A U.S. Forest Service (Region 4) burn plan is required to be completed and approved before burning is initiated.

• Roads within the project area may be closed to the public for the brief time that

prescribed fire operations are in progress.

• Prior to implementation of prescribed burn treatments, a news release would be distributed to media contacts and public notification would occur to advise the local community and residents of the prescribed burning and any temporary road closures.

General:

• No vegetation treatments would be allowed during periods of high fire danger. Full or

partial shutdown days due to high fire danger conditions would be based on the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest Project Activity Level (PAL) system.

• No toxic materials or fluids would be used or disposed of on site.

• No new or temporary roads would be constructed.

• Mechanical treatments within the project area may require vehicles to travel off

established roads. Following completion of mechanical treatments, any skid trails or locations used by vehicles off established roads would be re-vegetated to ensure that unauthorized roads and or trails do not develop.

• Commercial fuelwood permits may allow vehicles to travel off established roads in the

treatment area if determined to be necessary and appropriate for site conditions by the Forest Service.

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REFERENCES Bi-State Technical Advisory Committee Nevada and California. 2012. Bi-State Action Plan Past, Present, and Future Actions For Conservation of the Greater Sage-Grouse Bi-State Distinct Population Segment. Available at: http://clearinghouse.nv.gov/public/Notice/2012/E2012-211.pdf Davenport, D.W.; Breshears, D.D.; Wilcox, B.P.; and Allen, C.D. 1998. Viewpoint: Sustainability of pinion-juniper ecosystems: A unifying perspective of soil erosion thresholds. J. Range Manage. 51: 231-240. Koniak, S.; and R.L. Everett. 1982. Seed reserves in soils of successional stages on pinyon woodlands. American Midland Naturalist. 102:295-303. Miller, R.F.; Bates, J.D.; Svejcar, T.J.; Pierson, F.B.; Eddleman, L.E. 2005. Biology, ecology, and management of western juniper. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station. Technical Bulletin 152. 77 p.

Miller, R.F.; Svejcar, T.J.; Rose, J.A. 2000. Impacts of western juniper on plant community composition and structure. Journal of Range Management. 53: 574-585. Miller, R. F.; Tausch, R. J.; McArthur, E. D.; Johnson, D. D.; Sanderson, S. C. 2008. Age structure and expansion of pifion-juniper woodlands: a regional perspective in the Intermountain West. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-69. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 15 p. West, N. E. 1999. Distribution, composition, and classification of current juniper-pinyon woodlands and savannas across western North America. Pp. 20-23 in S. B. Monsen and R. Stevens, compilers. Proceedings: ecology and management of pinyon-juniper communities within the Interior West. USDA Forest Service RMRS-P-9. Wilcox, B.P.1994. Runoff and erosion in inter-canopy zones of pinyon-juniper woodlands, New Mexico. J. Range Manage. 47:285-295.

Project 35 Red Fox Genetics Study (Statewide) Details

No additional details available at this time.

project 21 greater sage-grouse protection (statewide ......female prior to grouse initiating nest...

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