project 2 plastics
TRANSCRIPT
- 1. B y: Emma Palazon, ElenaMontoya, Julia Serrano andMarina Vega.
- 2. 1st. Sourcing of raw materialsNatural sources principally Natural Gas, Oiland Coal2nd. Synthesis of monomerssmall subunits that synthesize and formbigger molecules monomers. Joinedtogether polymer
- 3. ThermocompressionThermosetting products bycompressing the hot plastic in a mold. Eg:TapeExtrusion molding very similar to howspaguetti is made Eg: Pipes
- 4. Blow moldingThe plastic is filled and then blowed upit gets the shapeEg: Plastic bottles
- 5. 3rd step Synthesis of the basic polymer polymerizationPolymerresin4th step Incorporation of additives roughness.
- 6. Plastic is melted machine moldSolidifies and cools
- 7. Structural Foam thermoplastic.blowing agentAddition resin.
- 8. A plastic sheet heated (soft) drapingVacuum into a mould
- 9. Smoothing and compressionembossing Special effects in fabric high lustersmoothness
- 10. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Electrical conductivity - Very low (used tocover wires or for switches) Thermal conductivity - Very low (used for heatinsulation) Density - low (lighter than other materials) Expansion - high (reinforced plastics have alower coefficient of expansion) Melting point - Around 200C or lower Fusibility- amount of heat needed to melt amaterial
- 11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Types of stress: Traction - Two opposite forces pulling it. Compression - Two opposite forces pushing it. Bending - Two opposite forces end it. Shearing - Two opposite forces try to cut it. Torsion - Twisted around an axis Elasticity - Ability to deform and return to its original shape. Plasticity - Very important property of plastics Malleability- Permanently deformed under compression Ductility - High - Easy to deform Resistance - Very very low - No resistance at all Hardness - High Weldability - Join solidly to another material when heated
- 12. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Permeability - Very low - Plastics are impermeable Solubility - Low - Only some of them are soluble Combustibility - High - Plastics burn easily BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Recyclability - Transform a used product into another one thatcan be used Toxicity - Some plastics can be toxic Biodegradability - Low - They take a lot of time to decompose
- 13. They can be heated and shaped only once
- 14. Epoxy resin: hard, resistant to chemicals,electric insulatorMelamine formaldehyde: stiff, hard, strong,resists some chemicalsPolyester resin: stiff, hard, electrical insulator,resists chemicalsUrea formaldehyde: stiff, hard, electricalinsulator
- 15. They can be heated and shaped only once
- 16. Polyamide (Nylon): hard, resistant to chemicalsand machines, self-lubricating Polymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic): hard,scratches easily, resists chemicals Polypropylene: hard, scratches easily, resistschemicals Polystyrene: hard, transparent, resists water Low density polythene: resists chemicals,flexible, soft, electric insulator High density polythene: hard, able to besterilised
- 17. Polyamide (Nylon): gears, power tools casings,hinges, curtain rails, clothesPolymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic): Signs, canopies,basins, covers for car lightsPolypropylene: medical, kitchen and laboratoryequipment, seats, stringsPolystyrene: toys, boxes, containersLow density polythene: packaging, bottles, bagsHigh density polythene: bottles, tubes, householdequipment
- 18. They are a very elastic type of plastic
- 19. Rubber (CA): impermeable; electrical and acusticinsulator; resists machines, acids and detergents Polychloroprene (PCP): impermeable; electricaland acustic insulator; resists machines, solvents,acids and detergents Silicone (SI): impermeable; thermal insulator;resists oils, acids and detergents Polyurethane: resists chemicals; electrical,thermal and acustic insultor Synthetic rubber: impermeable; resists oils andpetroleum; electric and acustic insulator
- 20. Rubber (CA): natural rubber poductsPolychloroprene (PCP): cables, pipes, sleepingbags, boots, protective clothing, gloves Silicone (SI): moulds, medical equipment,adhesives, waterproof materialsPolyurethane: mattresses, foam, adhesives,some chemicalsSynthetic rubber: tires, solid wheels,transmission belts