Progressive Movement

Progressive MovementThe Progressive MovementIntroductionBackgroundThree WingsJournalistsLeaders and AccomplishmentState and LocalPresidentOthersAmendmentsConclusionBellworkCommager argued that there were six fundamental problems facing America as it moved into the 20th century. What are they and give a historical example for each one.

Commagers SixBusiness EthicsControl of Monopolies and Trusts over resources and laborUnequal distribution of wealthUrbanizationCorruption in governmentInequality and denial of rights to African Am. Three WingsSocial JusticeImprove living/working conditionDemocracyEliminate corruption in politics and promote involvement of more people in the political processBusiness ReformConcerned that growth of Big Business was hurting American people and ConsumersSocial JusticeDemocracyBusiness ReformCity/StatePresident/Nat. Leg.AmendmentsWomenReformersThe Progressive MovementA reform movement designed to solve problems in U.S. societyMuckrakersInvestigative reporters who exposed facts (not sensationalists like Yellow Journalists)

MuckrakersJacob A. RiisHow the Other Half LivesExposed: Poverty in NY SlumsTenements were mostly found in New York and were generally four to six stories tall with a store frequently on the first floor. Tenements consisted of a stairwell in the center of the building, a living room that was ten feet by twelve feet, one or two dark closets used as bedrooms and usually four families living on a floor, but that was not always the case. There have been reports of 180 people in two tenements, way over the maximum limit.MuckrakersLincoln SteffensThe Shame of Cities - McClureExposed: Corruption in business and politicsBecause, I heard, the American people wont stand for it. You may blame the politicians, or, indeed, any one class, but not all classes, not the people. Or you may put it on the ignorant foreign immigrant, or any one nationality, but not on all nationalities, not on the American people. But no one class is at fault, nor any one breed, nor any particular interest or group of interests. The misgovernment of the American people is misgovernment by the American people. Because politics is business. Thats whats the matter with it. Thats whats the matter with everything.

MuckrakersIda M. TarbellThe History of the Standard Oil CompanyExposed: corruptions within corporationsRockefeller and his associates did not build the Standard Oil Co. in the board rooms of Wall Street banks. They fought their way to control by rebate and drawback, bribe and blackmail, espionage and price cutting, by ruthless ... efficiency of organization.MuckrakersUpton SinclairThe JungleExposed: sanitation within meat packing industry(A) man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, and they would die, and the rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.MuckrakersDavid G. PhillipsThe Treason of the SenateExposed: 75 of the 90 senators accepted bribes from R.R. and trustsTreason is a strong word, but not too strong to characterize the situation in which the Senate is the eager, resourceful, and indefatigable agent of interests as hostile to the American people as any invading army could be.MuckrakersRay StannardFollowing the Color LineExposed: Jim Crow Laws and southern inequalityThe discrimination is not made openly, but a Negro who goes to such places is informed that there are no accommodations, or he is overlooked and otherwise slighted, so that he does not come again.MuckrakersJohn SpargoThe Bitter Cry of the ChildrenExposed: Child LaborThe coal is hard, and accidents to the hands, such as cut, broken, or crushed fingers, are common among the boys. Sometimes there is a worse accident: a terrified shriek is heard, and a boy is mangled and torn in the machinery, or disappears in the chute to be picked out later smothered and dead. Clouds of dust fill the breakers and are inhaled by the boys, laying the foundations for asthma and miners' consumption.The Progressive MovementIntroductionBackgroundThree WingsJournalistsLeaders and AccomplishmentState and LocalPresidentOthersAmendmentsConclusionSocial Reformers City and StateSettlement HousesProvides Daycare, education and healthcare for the poorSettlement HousesJane Addams (1860-1935)

Established Hull HouseChicagoShelter for poor and homelessDay care for working womenEducate people (immigrants)Pioneer social worker

Social Reformers City and StateSettlement HousesProvides Daycare, education and healthcare for the poorWomens RightsBirth ControlWomens RightsMargaret Sanger

1916 Opened Birth control clinic in NY Arrested1922 Founded American Birth Control League (ABCL) Planned Parenthood

Democracy Reformers City and StateNew Voting rightsNew Voting rightsDirect Primary People select party candidatesInitiative voters propose legislationReferendum approve legislation through ballot voteRecall remove officials from officeDemocracy Reformers City and StateNew Voting rightsWisconsin

Progressive Reformers - WisconsinBob LaFollette (1855-1925)

Wisconsin IdeaConservation of natural resourcesDirect election of U.S. SenatorsIncome taxes on corporations and personal incomes

Business Reformers City and StateState governments regulate business

State governments regulate business30 states outlawed child labor25 states passed laws making employers liable for deaths or injuries to workers while on the jobCheck Up!Business EthicsControl of Monopolies and Trusts over resources and laborUnequal distribution of wealthUrbanizationCorruption in governmentInequality and denial of rights to African Am. Prompt: Identify with evidence which of Commagers six problems that were addressed at the State/Local level.Women of the Progressive Erahttp://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/progressiveera/introprogressive.html The Progressive MovementIntroductionBackgroundThree WingsJournalistsLeaders and AccomplishmentState and LocalPresidentOthersAmendmentsConclusionBellworkEach of the following is a quote from Theodore Roosevelt. What does the each quote tell you about his character and values?

A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a university education, he may steal the whole railroad.We dont wish to destroy corporations, but we wish to make themserve the public good.The destruction of a species (is equal to the loss of) all the works of some great writer.No people is wholly civilized where a distinction is drawn between stealing an office and stealing a purse.

Theodore (Teddy) RooseveltBackgroundWealthy New York familySpend summers in Wyoming for his healthLived as a cowboy following his wife death

Progressive PresidentsTheodore (Teddy) RooseveltFought in Spanish-American WarVP for McKinley; TR took over after his assassinationServed as Pres from 1901-1909

United Mine Workers (1902)Mine workers waged a strike over wages/hours and recognition of unionMine owners refused to meet with union leadersRoosevelt invited both parties to WH to mediate disputeStrikers didnt achieve all their goals, but Roosevelt defended labors right to organize

Roosevelts ProgressivismSquare DealRegulation of corporationConsumer ProtectionsConservation of Natural RecoursesRoosevelts Progressivism - Regulation of CorporationsDepartment of Commerce (1903) manage commerce in the nationElkins Act (1903) and Hepburn Act (1906) Regulate R.R. faresSherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) Gave government the power to break up trustNorthern Securities Company (1902)Filed 44 Anti Trust Law Suits

Northern Securities Case (1904)Northern Securities Company - monopoly over railroads in NWSupreme Court ordered the company be dissolvedRoosevelt =Trust-Buster

Roosevelts Progressivism Consumer ProtectionMeat Inspection Act (1906)Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)Required labeling of ingredientsSanitary requirement for meat Funding for inspectorsRoosevelts Progressivism ConservationNational Reclamation Act (1902)Also known as Newlands Act216 Million Acres Nat. Forest5 National Parks

Check Up!Business EthicsControl of Monopolies and Trusts over resources and laborUnequal distribution of wealthUrbanizationCorruption in governmentInequality and denial of rights to African Am. Prompt: Identify with evidence which of Commagers six problems that were addressed by Roosevelt and congress during his administration.

So remember

The Progressive MovementIntroductionBackgroundThree WingsJournalistsLeaders and AccomplishmentState and LocalPresidentOthersAmendmentsConclusionBellworkWhich political party best represent the progressive ideal in the early 1900s?William H. Taft (1909-1913)Hand-Picked successor to RooseveltFiled 90 anti-trust suitsBroke of Standard Oil Company (1911)

Election of 1912

Election of 1912

Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Former Governor of New Jersey and Professor

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Role of GovernmentUnderwood Tariff Bill (1913); established income taxFederal Reserve Act (1913) established Fed to manage money supply. Regulate economy.Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) Low interest rate loans for farmersWorkingmens Compensation Act (1916) disability for federal workers

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Role of GovernmentRegulationUnderwood Tariff Bill (1913); established income taxFederal Reserve Act (1913) established Fed to manage money supply. Regulate economy.Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) Low interest rate loans for farmersWorkingmens Compensation Act (1916) disability for federal workers

Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) - to issue cease and desist orders to corps.to stop unfair trade practicesClayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) added to the list of objectionable business practices. Legalized strikes and picketingAdamson Act (1916) 8hr work day for R.R. (interstate Commerce only)Keating Owen Act (1916) Outlawed sale of goods across state line produced by child labor

Check Up!Business EthicsControl of Monopolies and Trusts over resources and laborUnequal distribution of wealthUrbanizationCorruption in governmentInequality and denial of rights to African Am. Prompt: Identify with evidence which of Commagers six problems that were addressed by Taft and Wilson during their administration.Essay DrillAnalyze the effectiveness of Progressive Era reformers in addressing problems of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In your answer, focus on reform efforts in the following areas. State government federal government The workplace Living conditions in cities

The Progressive MovementIntroductionBackgroundThree WingsJournalistsLeaders and AccomplishmentState and LocalPresidentOthersAmendmentsConclusion16th Amendment (1913)Granted Congress the authority to impose an income taxInitial regulations included a maximum rate of 7% on incomes over $500,000

17th Amendment (1917)Direct election of U.S. senators by voters in each stateFormer system: state legislatures choose each states Senators

18th Amendment (1920)Prohibited Alcohol

19th Amendment (1920)Womens suffrageMany states had granted women full suffrage prior to the national amendmentThe majority of these states were located in west.Amendment was nationally approved in 1920

Check Up!3, 2, 1List three problems fixed during the progressive eraList two problems left unaddressed during the progressive era.List 1 problem you believe exists within the U.S. todayDirect PrimariesInitiativeReferendumRecall17th Amendment19th AmendmentChild Labor

The JungleMeat Inspection ActPure Food and Drug ActTrust BustingSquare DealChildrens Bureau

The Movement EndsThe U.S. became involved in WWI in 1917The Progressive movement began to wane after the war beganThe ideals of the movement lived on and there were some notable accomplishments seen in later years.The Progressive MovementIntroductionBackgroundThree WingsJournalistsLeaders and AccomplishmentState and LocalPresidentOthersAmendmentsConclusionProgressive movement tried to solve many problems facing the U.S. in the early 1900sHow successful were they?What do you believe to be their most important accomplishment?Websites of InterestOverview of Progressive MovementJane Addams Hull House MuseumThe Jungle, by Upton SinclairTheodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt