Progressive Movement

• PROGRESSIVES – groups of reformers who worked to get the GOVERNMENT to improve social and political problems

• TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT – the movement to limit the use of liquor

• The DISPENSARY was set up in SC to control the amount of liquor being sold in the state

• PROHIBITION – the illegalization of the sale, production, and consumption of alcohol

• Almost all SC counties were “dry”

by 1903

In 1919 the 18th Amendment enacted

Prohibition in the US (The 21st Amendment

in 1933 repealed it)

Robert Cooper and Richard Manning, III – South Carolina’s most Progressive governors

• SUFFRAGE – the right to vote• 19th Amendment (1920) – gave women the right to

vote• Women’s suffrage was the LEAST supported

progressive reform in SC

World War One• The US declared NEAUTRALITY at the

beginning of the warEFFECT OF THE WAR

America traditionally traded with BRITAINBRITAIN blockaded Germany’s ports preventing trade with GermanyGerman U-BOATS began sinking ships going to Britain including the LUSITANIA, on which were killed many AmericansThe ZIMMERMAN NOTE was discovered in which Germany promised Mexico land in exchange for help fighting America

New military bases were set up in SC during the war including CAMP JACKSON (army), the Marine Corps base at PARRIS ISLAND and the Charleston Naval Yard

Prices rose for CROPS now in high demand

Many AFRICAN-Americans continued moving north for new jobs in the war industries

THE ROARING TWENTIES• World War I brought a time great PROSPRERITY

during the 1920’s• Social improvement in the 1920’s

WATER and SANITATION systems

were set up in many towns

ELECTRICITY became more common in towns

and cities which gave rise to new APPLIANCES

Cars, Vacuum cleaners and washing machines

could be bought on the INSTALLMENT PLAN

• TOURISM became popular along the coast because of the increased number of automobiles.

• Prohibition failed as it led to an increase in crime. BOOTLEGGERS and MOONSHINERS violated the law

• Many people felt that morals were declining• BLUE LAWS were set up to prohibit

business being done on Sunday• The KKK targetted immoral bootleggers

and immigrants who continued to drink

• MASS MEDIA (the radio and movies) enabled SC to learn about the changing culture in America such as the newest dances and music (JAZZ) This led to shared national culture.

• The CHARLESTON and the BIG APPLE were two popular dances of the 1920’s with SC roots.

• The SOUTHERN LITERARY RENAISSANCE celebrated Southern heritage as poets and writers wrote about Southern themes (ex. PORGY)

• The HARLEM RENAISSANCE exalted the culture of African-Americans through the spread of art forms created by black artists (ex. WILLIAM H. JOHNSON of Florence, SC)

SC farmers faced economic hard times in the 1920’s because without a war there was decreased demand for crops. (also the boll weevil continued its destruction)

• Textile mills suffered because the new clothing styles used less cloth, NYLON became the cloth of choice, instead of cotton and there was too much foreign COMPETITION