Progressive Progressive LegislationLegislation

Chapter 18 section 2Chapter 18 section 2

Expanded Role of Expanded Role of GovernmentGovernment

Opposed gov’t control of business Opposed gov’t control of business except companies who supplied except companies who supplied essentialsessentials

In favor of increased gov’t responsibility In favor of increased gov’t responsibility for the well-being of its citizensfor the well-being of its citizens

Social Welfare Programs: Social Welfare Programs: – Designed to ensure a minimum standard of Designed to ensure a minimum standard of

livingliving Unemployment, health insurance, social securityUnemployment, health insurance, social security

Municipal ReformsMunicipal Reforms

Many early reforms were made at Many early reforms were made at the municipal (city) levelthe municipal (city) level

Opposed the power & influence of Opposed the power & influence of political bosses who were often political bosses who were often corruptcorrupt– Wanted important jobs in city gov’t to Wanted important jobs in city gov’t to

be merit based, not appointedbe merit based, not appointed Cities began to take control of public Cities began to take control of public

utilities – water, gas, electricityutilities – water, gas, electricity

Council-ManagerCouncil-Manager

New form of city governmentNew form of city government City council is elected by citizensCity council is elected by citizens A mayor is chosen from the councilA mayor is chosen from the council A professional city manager is hired A professional city manager is hired

to oversee services provided by the to oversee services provided by the citycity

Westerville runs this way!Westerville runs this way!

Power for Voters!Power for Voters!

OLD WAYSOLD WAYS– Party leaders chose Party leaders chose

candidates for state candidates for state & local office& local office

– State legis. Chose State legis. Chose U.S. SenatorsU.S. Senators

– Only members of Only members of state legis. Can state legis. Can introduce billsintroduce bills

NEW WAYSNEW WAYS– Direct Primaries: Direct Primaries:

voters choose them!voters choose them!– 1717thth Amendment: Amendment:

elected by citizens!elected by citizens!– Initiative: voters can Initiative: voters can

put bill before the put bill before the legis. By collecting legis. By collecting signatures on a signatures on a petitionpetition

Power to Voters!Power to Voters!

OLD WAYSOLD WAYS– Only the legis. Can Only the legis. Can

pass lawspass laws– Only courts or legis. Only courts or legis.

Can remove corrupt Can remove corrupt officialsofficials

NEW WAYSNEW WAYS– Referendum: Referendum:

citizens can citizens can approve or reject approve or reject laws by voting laws by voting directlydirectly

– Recall: voters can Recall: voters can remove elected remove elected officials from office officials from office before the next before the next electionelection

Reforms in the WorkplaceReforms in the Workplace

Tried to create reforms to limit Tried to create reforms to limit workplace hazardsworkplace hazards

Some states created accident insurance Some states created accident insurance programs (workman’s compensation)programs (workman’s compensation)

Met with legal opposition from owners:Met with legal opposition from owners:– Violation of their private property rightsViolation of their private property rights– Laws had to be shown to preserve worker’s Laws had to be shown to preserve worker’s

safetysafety

Pres. Theodore RooseveltPres. Theodore Roosevelt

Finally used the Sherman Anti-Trust Finally used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to attack a monopoly!Act to attack a monopoly!

Roosevelt filed 42 anti-trust suitsRoosevelt filed 42 anti-trust suits– Standard OilStandard Oil– Beef TrustBeef Trust– American Tobacco American Tobacco

Believed gov’t should regulate Believed gov’t should regulate businessbusiness

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

Interstate Commerce Commission Interstate Commerce Commission becomes 1becomes 1stst federal regulatory agency federal regulatory agency

Pure Food & Drug Act, Meat Inspection Pure Food & Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act 1906Act 1906– Rating system for meat, accurate labeling Rating system for meat, accurate labeling

of products, strict sanitary conditionsof products, strict sanitary conditions Began the conservation of America’s Began the conservation of America’s

natural resources & beautynatural resources & beauty– 11stst National Park: Yellowstone National Park: Yellowstone

New AmendmentsNew Amendments

1616thth: Congress could collect a federal : Congress could collect a federal income taxincome tax

1717thth: Direct election of senators: Direct election of senators 1818thth: Prohibition – ban on the sale, : Prohibition – ban on the sale,

making, consumption of alcoholmaking, consumption of alcohol 1919thth: Women’s suffrage (right to vote): Women’s suffrage (right to vote)

Taft’s PoliciesTaft’s Policies

Protective TariffProtective Tariff Angered conservationistsAngered conservationists

– Appointed a Sec. of the Interior who Appointed a Sec. of the Interior who opposed protection of natural resourcesopposed protection of natural resources

Unable to win the favor of “old Unable to win the favor of “old guard” republicansguard” republicans– Able to block Taft’s legislative effortsAble to block Taft’s legislative efforts

Wilson’s PoliciesWilson’s Policies

Tariff reductionTariff reduction– From 40% to 25% on averageFrom 40% to 25% on average

Creation of new gov’t agenciesCreation of new gov’t agencies– Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Federal Trade Commission (FTC)– Federal Reserve System (The Fed)Federal Reserve System (The Fed)

Appoints Brandeis to the Supreme Appoints Brandeis to the Supreme CourtCourt– 11stst Jewish Supreme Court Justice Jewish Supreme Court Justice

Sought laws limiting child laborSought laws limiting child labor

Shared Policy GoalsShared Policy Goals

Trust bustingTrust busting Preservation of public landPreservation of public land Supported the 16Supported the 16thth Amendment Amendment

– Allowed Congress to collect income taxAllowed Congress to collect income tax