Progressive Era ChangesUnit 7.1

Reasons of Reform

1. Protect social welfare2. Promote moral improvement3. Foster Efficiency4. Economic Reform

Sources for Reform - I• World-wide Socialist Movement• Karl Marx Communist Manifesto effect• Income differences from Industrial Revolution

• Labor Unions• Knights of Labor, AFL, IWW

• African American groups• Niagara Movement and W.E.B. DuBois

• Immigrant surge• Settlement Houses (Hull House and Jane Addams)

Sources for reform II• Media• Increase in newspapers and magazines

• Political Machine Corruption Backlash• Tammany Hall, Stalwarts, Mugwumps, Populists

• Disagreement with Social Darwinism• Corporations and Monopolies

• Post Civil War Boom and Bust economy• Panics of 1873 and 1893, Coxey’s Army

• Industrial Age Income gap• Robber Barons to Tenement Houses

How were the Progressives and Populist alike and different?

Muckrakers• Termed coined by Teddy Roosevelt for reported that exposed

the wrong-doings in society• Many magazines such as McClure’s and Collier’s ran expose’• Books that showed problems• Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser showed plight of single women

in cities• The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens and

How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis showed urban plight

Famous Muckrakers

• Ida Tarbell• History of the

Standard Oil Company (1902)• Against monopolies• Why?

• Upton Sinclair• The Jungle (1906)• About the meat-packing

industry and against idea of caveat emptor

• Two laws directly related:1. Meat Inspection Act 19062. Pure Food and Drug Act 1906

Social Gospel Effects• The idea of assisting the Economically or Socially disadvantaged• Main leaders: White middle-class protestant women• Involved in new Social Science fields and Social Work• Would be key in several movements during the Progressive era

• Antimonopoly• Suffrage• Temperance

• Settlement House movement• Many in leadership roles

African-Americans • Booker T. Washington – idea of self-help• Tuskegee Institute• Atlanta Compromise

• W.E.B. DuBois – push for civil rights• Niagara movement and start of the NAACP

• Marcus Garvey – 1920s, separation idea emerges• Guinn v. U.S. case – made Grandfather Clause illegal• But was there much support from the WASPs?• Was the Progressive movement actually bad for black Americans?

Suffrage Movement• Background• Seneca Falls Convention and Declaration of Sentiments• Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in the 1800s• Women’s Universities• Western Women ability to vote

• National American Women Suffrage Assoc. (NAWSA)• Carrie Chapman Catt

• National Women’s Party• Alice Paul• Later pushes for ERA - _____ _____ ____

• 19th Amendment (1920)• How did women end up voting?

Labor Changes• Unions push for safety• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire 1911 – 146 killed

• Taylorism / Scientific Management• Idea of efficiency• Henry Ford and the assembly line

• Child Labor• (Mother) Mary Jones• Keating –Owen Act (1916)

• Later overturned by S.C., but impact felt• More mandatory schooling

Temperance• Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)• Frances Willard

• 18th Amendment• Passes in 1920

• Volstead Act• Enforcement of Amendment

• Why approved?• Any aspect with immigrants?

Reflection Questions• What was the background to all the changes that took place in

the Progressive movement?• Can some of the Progressive Movement changes be traced to

race and how?• Why and how were women involved in the Progressive

Movement changes?• How did muckrakers make an impact and what are some

examples of the changes?

Links• http://soomopublishing.com/suffrage/ - parody • http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y50PAM_XtD4&feature=related – another parody

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhVRINlnvIQ&feature=related – another suffrage parody

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cp3Qt7s7z5E&feature=relmfu – Review lesson