Progress-Report I 2012

ObjectivesIdentify, design and develop new materials and compositesDevelop measuring and testing proceduresImprove performance, stability, and cost-effectivenessDevelop multi-scale numerical modelsDevelop and demonstrate novel storage systemsAssess the impact of new materials on systems performanceDisseminate the acquired knowledge and experienceCreate an active and effective research network

ScopeClasses of materials:phase change materialssorption and thermochemical materials

From small to large-scale:molecular/particle material synthesis, micro-scale mass transport, sorption reactions, bulk heat/mass transport, wall-material interactions, reactor design, system economical feasibility studies, case studies, system tests,

Organisational Structure

Organisational Structure

Materials:

WG Leader

Material Engineering / Processing

Elena Palomo (Univ.Bordeaux)

Test and Characterization

Stefan Gschwander (ISE)

Numerical Modelling

Camilo Rindt (TUE)

Apparatus and Components

Wim van Helden (ECN)

Applications:

Cooling (0 C 20 C)

Motoi Yamaha (Chubu Univ.)

Heating / DHW (20 C 100C)

Jane Davidson (Univ.Minnesota)

High Temp.Appl. (> 100 C)

Luisa Cabeza (Univ.Lleida)

Cross Cutting:

Theoretical Limits

Eva Gnther (ZAE)

Meetings

the enthalpy of reactions increases with temperature of reaction equilibrium

Melting of Elements Richardsons RuleEvaporation Troutonss RuleChemical ReactionsIs there a rule?WG C: Physical Limits

WG C: Physical Limits / Reaction Enthalpy

Reaction in Equilibrium: G = 0 H = T * Sas shown in the graph before

According to Sizmann S should be a function of the difference of gaseous moles (n) of both sides of the reaction Since entropy is generated when condensed matter is converted to gas

We studied some reactions and found:S / (kJ/mol) = 0.876 * n + 0.631

WG C: Physical Limits / Reaction Enthalpy

S / (kJ/mol) = 0.876 * n + 0.631 Difference in entopy of some reactions as a function of additional moles of gas released

WG C: Physical Limits / Reaction Enthalpy

Enthalpy of reaction as a function of temperature and the difference of gaseous moles

WG C: Physical Limits / Reaction Enthalpy

List of reactions studied:

1 mole gas production:1CaO(s)+1H2O(g)1Ca(OH)2(s)1MgO(s)+1CO2(g)1MgCO3(s)1CaO(s)+1CO2(g)1CaCO3(s)4HCl(g)+1O2(g)2Cl2(g)+2H2O(g)2H2(g)+1CO2(g)1C(s)+2H2O(g)2 moles gas production:3H2(g)+1N2(g)2NH3(g)1CO(g)+3H2(g)1CH4(g)+1H2O(g)4 moles gas production5H2(g)+4C(s)1C4H10(g)1C6H6(g)+3H2(g)1C6H12(l)8 moles gas production8H2(g)+7C(s)1C7H16(l)

New Annex / ExtensionWhy should the work of Annex 24 be continued?

An international network of experts has been established (ECES/SHC, Material/System)Unknown R&D demand could be identified e.g. test and chracterization, theoretical limits (economical limits?)New promising classes of materials are currently under investigation, like solid-solid PCM or MOFsThe identification of material requirements for relevant applications, by means of numerical simulation of storage technologies, using the simulation modules developed e.g. in Phase I could now start.

New Annex / Extension