REVIEWBESTPRACTICESINJAPAN

Executive47

SetyoSutriono-120820160009

PROGRAMSSTUDYMAGISTERMANAGEMENT

ECONOMICSANDBUSINESSFACULTY

PADJADJARANUNIVERSITY

BANDUNG

2017

Each company in carrying out its business activities both companies occupied with the field ofadministrationsandproductsthathavethesimilarobjectiveofgeneratingprofits.What'smore,theorganizationadditionally needs to give fulfillment to the consumer for the items or services that their produces, becausecustomersatisfactionbecomesthebenchmarkofthesuccessofthecompanyintheproductorservicequality,anddesiredbycustomer.

Inaccomplishingthecorrectshowcasingtechniqueandappropriatetoapply,ancompanycouldseefromthe advertising blend factor. This is vital in light of the fact that the advertising blend is one of the vitalcontemplationsofcustomersinsettlingonobtainingchoicesofanitem.Intheeventthattheorganizationisnotdelicate towhat is required by purchasers, then certainly the companywill losemany opportunities to captureconsumersanditemsofferedwillbefutile.

Advertising is one of the longest-running economies, and until nowmarketing has greatly affected theaccomplishmentofanorganizationtogetbyinadvertiseshare.Thusly, it isnecessaryadvertisingprocedurethatcangiveinfluencetodeterminesucceedornotinmarketingitsproduct.Ifthemarketingstrategyimplementedbytheorganizationcanshowcasetheitemswell,thiswouldaffecttheorganizationsgoals.Asakusa, locatedinTaitoArea,Tokyo,isacitythathasprosperedsincetheEdoPeriod.AndstillretainthefeeloftheoldTowncenteroftheEdoPeriodandmanytouristscomingfromJapanandoutsideJapancometoseeit.

Senso-ji Temple is the oldest temple in Tokyo. In the courtyard of the temple, there is the Kaminari-monGatewhichhasalargeCho-chin(Japaneselantern)hangingtherewiththeletters"雷門".Nakamise(shop)istheoldestshoppingstreeton theroad,Goju-no-tou (five-storypagoda),andAsakusaTemple isalsoworthseeing.This isaplacetovisitifvisitorsevercometoAsakusa.

OneofthemostinterestingofSensojiTempleinTokyoisthegate.ItissaidthatthisgateisguardedbytheFurai-jinnamelytheGodoftheWindandtheGodofLightning.AnothericonicfeatureoftheSensojiTempleisthepresence of Kaminari-mon, the giant Lightning Gate. Do notmiss the opportunity to capture the bestmomentaround the temple.Lined in front of Sensoji Temple, precisely onNakamise-dori street,many Japanese souvenirshopsaresold.Easilywecanfindvariouskindsofsouvenirstypicaljapanwithaveryaffordableprice.Thesellerswho peddle the various souvenirs of this japanese majority are the retirees assisted by the child and theirgrandson.Neverthelessthequalityofthegoodssoldisverydiverseandhasexcellentquality

. Nakamise-doristreet

HerearesometypesofsouvenirssoldonNakamise-doristreet:

MiniLanterns

Many shops sell mini Lanterns aroundNakamise-dori street with various themesthat can be customized to our taste. Theshape is small and made of paper, it issuitable to be purchased with largequantities and made a souvenir for thefamilyathome.

CharmswithBells

Strap with this bell decoration manypeople believe that if we save it willgive protection to our family. Inadditionsomepeoplealsobelievetheobject tobea talismantograntwhatwe want to achieve in our personallives.

Windchimes

This wind chimes is a symbol andtraditionofsummer in Japan.Prior tothe air conditioner, the sound of thebell was thought to cool the liverduringthesummer.Inaddition,atthetimeof "Hozuki Ichi" (lantern festival)inearlysummer,thisobjectisusedasatalismantowardoffmisfortuneandbadthings.

TabiSocks

Then there are socks that areinsulatedinthetoesorcalledthe"tabi"model.Therearesectionalfor 5 fingers, and there are onlypartitioned into 2, one part forbigtoeandbulkheadfor4fingersrest. Comfort and unique sockdesign has been well known inJapan.

Chopsticks

One of the most important items in Japanese dining culture is chopsticks.Oneofthefamous"Morita"chopsticksmakersoftheelegantdesign,openedachopstickshopatNakamise-dori.Chopstickisanobjectthatthemoreyouuse it thenyouwill love itmore. Inaddition, thisobject is also inseparablefrom the daily life of Japanese society. In thisMorita shop there is also aservicetocarveyournameinthechopsticksbypaying100yen.

FuroshikiandTenugui

Furoshikiisactuallyaclothwrapping,butitsusealoneisnot limited to just those things. Similar to Furoshiki,Tenuguicanalsobeusedformanythings.Forexample,agoodquality lapanddryquickly,asatowel,asa lapforthekitchen,youcanevenuseittowrapsmallobjects.

Horifuda

Forthoseofyouwhowantuniquesouvenirsthatpairwithyour friendsorgirlfriends,herewerecommendtocarveyournameinHorifuda.Youcanalsochangeyour name from Roman letters to Japanesecharacters. This object is a uniquewood carving, soyoucantakeiteverywhere.

Katana

Forboys,themostintriguingthingatNakamise-doriisatoythatresemblesasamuraiorkatanasword. These toys are very popular amongchildren because they can feel like ninja andsamurai.Neartheswordkatanatoyisalsoarealkatanasword.Itissoldasacollectionofartandveryattractivetoadultmales.

EverysouvenirthatissoldinNakamise-doriareahasexcellentquality,althoughonlyUMKM.Startingfromaveryproportionalshape,attractivedesigntothewrapwithveryneatmakethecost incurredtobuyasouvenirfeelsverybalancedwithwhatweget.Whatweneedtonoteiswherethegoodsaresoldassouvenirshaveaverystrong Japanese cultural values. It is becoming one of themeans to introduce and promote the culture that is

ownedbythem.Japanesesocietyisknowntomaintaintheculturalvaluesoftheirancestors,wealsoshouldalwayspreservethepositivecultureofourancestorsbecameoneoftheidentityofIndonesiansociety.

CrossCulturalAnalysisReport

Japan(Japan)istheSakuracountry,hisadministrationpillisarealmheadedbyasovereign(nowAkihito).japan is a constitutional country with the emperor is a leader of country, the prime minister as the head ofgovermment. Japan was a shut condition of outside impact. Since 1854, during the shogunate powers of theShogunstoMikado(emperor),theJapanesestartedtothrive.Shogunsaretheoneswhoaregivensupremepowerby the lord to manage a region. The lord around then was concerned just with religion, living in a religiouscommunityandconsideredadivinebeing.

Japanstartedtoflourishaftergotthewestimpact.JapanmanagedtodefeatRussiain1904-1905addedtothe Japanese individuals' trust inhiscapacity.Toward thestartofWorldWar2, Japanencounteredawonderfultriumphofwar. Inasia,Allnationscanbecontrolledby japan, including Indonesia,MalaysiaandPhilippines.Bethatas itmay, inthe longrunJapansurrenderedtotheAlliesafter2bigcities in japan,HiroshimaandNagasakiwerebesiegedbytheUSnuclearbomb.Japanendedupplainlyattackedoncemore.Thefinancialcircumstancehasfallen forcefully. Simply starting in1950 Japanmodify thenation.Becauseof the ideaofhigh teachanddiligentworkthatenthusiastically,atthatpointJapanbecomebackandturnedouttobeoneoftheexceedinglycreatedindustrializednations.

BeingoneofthemostadvancedcountriesinAsia,notmakingjapaneseleavetheiroldidentity.JapanstillretainstheculturalvaluesoftheirancestorssuchasWa(harmony)whichmeansthespiritofteamworkandavoidsindividualego,Kao (reputation/ face)whichmeansavoidingconfrontationandopencriticismdirectly,Omoiyari(loyalty)ietrustandcommoninterestInthelongrunandstillmanyvaluesfromjapaneseculturethatbecametheprincipleoflifeofjapansociety.

Japanese society never forget the events that occur in thepast, theywill use the incident tomake thelearninginthefuture.ItisseenwithchangesrelatedtotheconcernfortheenvironmentofJapanesesociety.Manythink that the culture of garbage disposal and selection of waste that will be discarded has become a culturederived by their ancestors. Apparently the assumption is wrong, the new Japanese community realized theimportanceofenvironmentalcareororganizewasteaftertheMinamatatregedi.

Thistragedyoccurredin1959,themaineconomicsectorinMinamatawasfisheries.Atthattimereportsof the strangediseases inMinamatawereverymuchadmitted to theKumamoto regional government,patientssufferingfromconvulsions,unabletospeakclearly,staggeredwalking,paralysis,impairedmovementcoordinationand other nervous systemwork disorders.When observed by the environment, the cat alsowentmad,walkedaroundincircles,staggered,indeed,eventolduntilthepointthatsomebodybouncedintotheocean.Besidethat,likewiseseagullsandcrowsaredeadandseenalongthestraightofMinamata.

What's worse is when children who are born with various symptoms, paralysis, disability, mentalretardation,andsomeevendieafewdaysafterbirth.Thoughparentsofthebabyingoodhealth,withoutshowingcertain symptoms. This is a serious concern for local and central government.What is the causeof this strangedisease.

KumamotoUniversityScientist(Medicalexaminationgathering)andHealthandWelfareMinistryofJapanannounced that onMinamata lake there has beenmethyl-mercury pollution. All ecosystem andmany other in

Minamatalakeareadditionallycontaminated,thisistheprimarydriverofthepopulaceencounteringinterruptionof the sensory system.By and largeMinamata inhabitants devour angle a normal of 3 kg for every day, so thiscausesbioaccumlationinpatients.ThereasonforthiscontaminationisasubstantialproductionlinecalledChisso.

Chisso, established in1908, is aproduction line thatproduces compoundmanures for agribusinessandoneof the significant industrial facilitiesoccupiedwith this field in Japan. Theeconomy inMinamatawoundupplainly solid in accordancewith the improvement and the vastmeasure ofmechanical generation by Chisso. Inaddition to producing chemical fertilizers, Chisso also produces Acetic Acid (Acetic acid), Vinyl Chloryde andplasticizers. In producing acetic acid, Chisso uses Methyl-mercury as a catalyst to make Acetaldehyde, thisAcetaldehydewhichwilllaterbeconvertedtoaceticacid.Withaverybadsewagetreatmentsystem,ChissodumpsMethyl-mercurysquanderintoMinamatasound,whichisthetrailblazerofMinamatacatastrophe.

Minamata catastrophe happens because of collection (Bioacumulasi)methyl-mercury substances in thehuman body. The bioaccumulation procedure happens on the grounds that methyl-mercury substances haveentered the naturalway of life; The contaminated ocean causesmicroscopic fish as nourishment for the fish islikewisedirtied,atthatpointthemethyl-mercurysubstanceswillamassinthefishbody,andpeoplewillhavethemostmethylmercury(Biomagnification).

BiomagnificatinandBioaccumulation

Methyl-mercury in the body in large quantitieswill cause disturbances in the nervous system.Methyl-mercurywillattacknervecells.Thisprocesscanbeexplainedingeneralasfollows;NervecellsconsistingofActin,TubulinandNeurofibril.Ifthispartisattackedbymethyl-mercurythentheactinandtubulinpartwillbedamagedand shrunk, so that the microfibril conveying the stimulation will be open, so there is a disturbance of themechanismsinthenervoussystem.Asaresultofthisdisruptionofnervecellsisfatal,wherethecoordinationofthebrainandotherlimbsbecomeoutofsync,anyinformationconveyedbythebrainwillneverfullyreachtherestofthebody.Thiscanbeseen inthetragedyofMinamatawherethesufferer ishardtotalk,paralysis,staggeredwalking,andothereffectsofasysarafdisorder.

Approximately 17,000 people from Kumamoto Perfecture and Kagoshima Perfecture report to thegovernmentrelatedtothesymptomsofMinamataByō.Forthetotalnumberofpatientsoverallcannotbedone,because many of them are embarrassed and do not report themselves. The Japanese government and Chissocompensate theMinamataByō sufferers, in the formof; Terapy, hospital care, andother compensation.Of the

largenumberofMinamataByōsufferers,manydieduringthetreatment,beforetreatmentandotherunreportedconditions.

After this incident, in the long process, the casualties influenced by mercury requested to theadministration and Chisso as the wellspring of this contamination. At last the legislature and Chisso giveremuneration to the casualties that have been collected, and done upkeep and recovery the finance by thegovernmentandChissothemself.Chisso in1968discontinuedhisaceticacidproduction,alongwiththemercurylevelscontainedinthebodiesoffishandothermarineinvertebrateanimalsbegantodecline.Toexpectfishthathavebeendebasedmercury,theJapanesegovernmentintroducedanetinMinamataBay,withthegoalthatfishandotheroceanicspinelesscreaturesarenotspreadfar.

Becausefishcontainingmercurymakethelivelihoodoffishermenlost.ItisanticipatedbythegovernmentandChisso,allthefishesinthenetinMinamataBayarecaughtbythefishermen,thenthefishwillbecatchedbyChissotobedestroyed.Thepoisoncontentfoundinfishandmanyotheranimalhasdecreased,eventhecatchingof fish that contain the mercury, then what about the mercury sedimentation at the bottom of the waters.KumamotoLocalGovernmentdredgesinMinamataBay.

From themoment of the tragedy ofminamata, the inhabitants tookmany lessons. They do not throwgarbageinanyplace,buttheysortandclassifythewasteinto20categories.ThevictimsofMinamatabyosharedtheirexperiencewiththechildrenbycomingtotheschoolssothatthenextgenerationknewandcouldkeeptheenvironmentwell,sothattheMinamatatragedywouldnothappenagain.

Atthismoment,theminamatabayiscleanandfreeofmercury,as informedbytheKumamotoregionalgovernment,evenMinamataBay is thecleanestbay in theKumamotoprefecture.Thisarea isalsousedasEco-tourism, which teaches us how to live healthy and keep the environment so that we and our children andgrandchildrencanliveinthefuture.

Recommendation:

WecantakepositivevalueonhowtheresponsebythegovernmentandtheJapanesesocietyinthefaceof a very difficult conditions. They are not looking forwho iswrong or looking for a scapegoat in relation to aproblemthatishappeningorthatisworsetakingadvantageofthecondition.Buttheyreflectintothemselvesandunitetofindthebestsolutiontosolvetheproblemathand.

Thepointthatshouldbeourfocus ishowtheJapanesegovernmentandsocietytakelessonsfromwhathappens. Government with its function to take a position with new regulations related to waste or wastetreatment.Japanesesocietyitselfdoesnotsilence,inadditiontosupportingtheregulationsmadebytheJapanesegovernment,thecommunityitselfprovidesadebriefingoflearningrelatedtragedytotheiryoungpeoplesotheyrealizeabouttheimportanceofdisposingofwasteinplace.Itindirectlycreatesapositivewastedumpingculturethatgiveslong-termpositiveeffectstotheJapanesenation.

CompanyVisitAnalysisReport

Waste isoneof thecomplexproblems facedbybothdevelopinganddevelopedcountries in theworld.The problem of waste is a common problem and has become a universal phenomenon in various countriesanywhere in the world, with the point of difference lies in howmuch waste is generated. Compared to otherdevelopedcountries,Japan'sachievementingeneratingtrashcannotbeunderestimated.BasedondatainWorld

Bank(1999),itisknownthatthefirstpositionofwasteproductionintheworldin1995istheUnitedStateswithanaverageof2kg/capita/day,followedbyAustraliawith1.89kg/capita/,FollowedbyCanadawith1.8kg/capita/dayinthirdposition,thenFinland'sfourthpositionwith1.7kg/capita/day,Icelandwith1.53kg/capita/dayinfifthposition,untilfinallyJapanperformInsixthpositionrepresentingtheAsianregionwith1.47kg/capita/daybeatingotherdevelopedcountries.

Thus, it can be understood that Japan, which falls into the category of a country with a very densepopulationandmost industrialactivitiesanditspopulationcentered inthecity, issaidtohaveahighaverageofurbansolidwaste. Iftracedthroughitshistory, itcanbeseenthatthecauseofthehighrateofsolidurbansolidwaste(kg/capita/day)producedinJapanisbecauseJapanonceexperiencedalongperiodofeconomicgrowththatfocusedonmassproduction,massconsumption,andMassdisposal.TheconsequenceisthatJapaniscurrentlyfacingahostofpressingenvironmental issues,suchas landshortagefor landfill,andthethreatofexhaustionofnatural resources for the foreseeable future. Not to mention, the difficulty of obtaining suitable land for finaldisposal sites is increasing every year. So the Japanese government to implement some policies tomanage thewastewiththeorganizedwearefamiliarwiththeterm3Rmovement.

The3Rmovementinquestionisthemovementtoreducetheamountofwasteproducedby'Reduce',themovementreuseswastecomponentsthatcanstillbeused'Reuse',andthemovementofrecyclingofsecond-handproductsasnewresource'Recycle'.Theemphasisonthe3RmovementinmanagingwasteintousefulgoodshasbeenthemainorientationinJapan,asitcanalsoreducetheburdenonlandfills,alsoreducetheconsumptionofnaturalresources,andlightentheburdenontheenvironment.

Waste(bytype)mustbedisposedofatadesignatedplace,at8am,onapredeterminedday.ForShinjuku,Tokyo,garbageisdividedintocategories:combustiblegarbage(kitchenwaste,smallpapers,smallpiecesofwood,diapers,cigarettebutts,etc.),non-combustible (metal, rubber,Leather,plasticbags,smallgascylinders forsmallgas stoves placedon the table, etc.), and large garbage (not including air conditioning, TV, refrigerator, freezer,washingmachineand computer). For largegarbage, anagreementmustbemade first,while for garbage in theform of large electronic appliances there is a separate procedure associatedwith themanufacturer of the toolconcernedorthenearestagent.

The collectionof various typesof garbageat the specified collection sites is done in turns, for examplehouseholdwasteistaken3timesaweek,containerwasteandplasticwrappingaretakenonceaweek,etc.Eachhousehold should place its garbage bags or pocket-free garbage such as newspapers of former bonds into thevariouscontainersprovidedinlandfills.Andcertainuseditems,suchasbatteries,mustbecollectedorstoredatadesignatedlocation.

Thereare6differenttypesofgarbagewithdifferentlandfillsorshelters:

1. Used newspapers, used magazines and the like (including brochures, wrapping paper, envelopes,notebooks, candy boxes, milk boxes, cardboard). Newspapers, magazine, etc. Must be neatly tiedseparatelybytype.Excludesbibs,plastic-coatedpaper,tissue,etc.

2. Bottlesandcans(forfoodanddrinks).Mustbecleanedfirst.Discardbottlesinyellowcontainersandcansinbluecontainers.Donotwrap it inplastic. Smallbottlesarenot included in this category,but includenon-combustibleitems.

3. PETplasticbottles(clearplasticbottlesfordrinks,sake,mirin,andsoysauce).Removethelidandlabel,rinseitforawhile,thenflipit.Discardbottlesinspecialboxesprovidedatsupermarketsandconveniencestores.

4. Used batteries. There are collecting places for dry cell batteries, and flat batteries, nickel-cadmium ornickel-hydrogen(rechargeable)batteries.

5. Milkcartonbox.Takeoutthecontents,rinsebriefly,cutopenthebox,letdry,thentietheboxesthathavebeen flaked with string. There are special places that provide shelters, such as supermarkets, localgovernmentfacilities,etc.

6. Styrofoam container used. Usually accommodated in collection boxes provided at supermarkets,cooperativestores,etc.

InJapanitselfingeneral,garbageisdividedinto3parts,namely:

1. BurnableWaste2. UnburnableWaste3. Electronicwaste

Forburnablewaste,itiscurrentlymanagedbyShin-KotoIncinerationPlant.Foundedin1994,withalandarea of 61,000 square meters and costs up to about 87,900,003,001 yen. It shows how serious the Japanesegovernmenttomanagewasteinthecountry.Shin-KotoIncinerationPlantisexpectedtobeasolutioninhandlingwastetreatmentthatcanbeburned.

Intheearlystages,allcommunitiesarerequiredtosorttheresultingwasteintotwocategories:BurnableandUnburnable.Garbagegeneratedbynearly9millionpeople (about8000tonsperday) is thentransportedtoincinerationplantforburnablewasteandtorecycleplantforunburnablewasteeveryday.Thewastethathasbeensortedwillmakeiteasierforthegovernmenttoprocessthewastelater.

Burnablewastedeliveredtotheincinerationplantwillbeinacontainerinaplacetogotothecombustionprocesswithtemperaturesreaching800degreesCelsius.Thistechniquenotonlyeffectivelyreducesthevolumeofcertainwaste to almost 1/20 of the actual size, but also reduces the dioxin gas generated from combustion. Inaddition,theincinerationplantcanchangetheheatenergygeneratedfromthecombustionprocessusedtosupplyalltheelectricityneedsintheincinerationplantandtherestsoldtotheelectricitysupplycompany.Recordedlocalauthorityincomefromthissalereached78.6millionUSdollarsornearlyRp.1trillionperyear.

Here is the process after burnable garbage is picked up from community houses or commercial waste toincinerationplant:

1. Theapproachingwasteisconveyedtothewastecremationplantanddumpedintotheholdingrange2. Thewasteisthensnatchedanddroppedintoacontainer3. Fromthecontainerthewasteisbitbybitbolsteredintotheincinerator4. This incineratorkeeps runningata scopeof temperatures relyinguponthesortofwastebeingburned.

Thewarmthfromtheburningofthewasteisthenusedtowarmuptheworkingliquid(typicallywater)inthekettle

5. Thesteamfromthisprocedureisthenchanneledtoaturbinegeneratortomakepower.Theleftfinishedconsumedsquanderandheaviestslagfallsintoagatheringrange

6. Nowanelectromagnetcanbeutilizedtogetanyleftfinishedmetalsthatcouldthenbereused.Theventgassescontainingfinecinderandotherpoisonousvaporsatthatpointgothroughascrubberreactor

7. This scrubber treats the vent gasses for corrosive poisons, for example, SO2 and furthermore dioxins.Fromthescrubber,thegasseswouldthenbeabletogothroughafineparticulateevacuationframework,whichcanadditionallydecreasethepoisonousqualityofthepipegasses

8. Theventgassesarethendischargedthroughthefireplacestack.

Notonlythat,thisincinerationplantalsoproduceashandfineaggregatewhichusedasmaterialsmixforhardening pedestrian area, highway, and even building.Water with high temperature from the burning of thiswasteisalsousedfortheneedsoftropicalplantgreenhouses.

Problemsthatoccurred in IndonesiawasnotmuchdifferentfromwhathappenedinJapanwithtragedybayMinamata.It'sjusttheresponseofthegovernment,companies,andJapanesesocietyisverygoodrelatedtowasteproblems.Theytakeadvantageofthisdisasterasamomentumtoriseorevenbetter.Japanesepeoplereallylearnfromtheincidentandpassontothenextgenerationtobecomeembeddedintotheculturetopayattentiontothecleanlinessoftheenvironment.

IndonesiapeopleshouldlearnalotinJapanesesociety,thatchangewillnotbecreatedifonlyrelyonthegovernment alone. The Indonesian government should start creating serious waste-related systems. Creating apolicythatinvolvesallexistingelementsbypressingtheegoofself-interestwillcreateasystemthatwillbecreatedto runwell. But to create a clean culture like in japan country is not easy, debriefing to the next generation isneededasafirststeptoinstillasenseofconcernfortheenvironment.Fornow,theexistingeducationalsystemis

focused on developing the technical ability of each student regardless of the development of positive culturalvaluesthatwillbeusefulinaverylongperiodoftime.

References:

CleanAuthorityofTokyo.2017.WasteReport2017:Towardsarecycling-orientedsociety.Tokyo:CleanAuthorityofTokyo

https://theknightman.wordpress.com/2012/12/21/sebuah-pelajaran-dari-tragedi-minamata-%E6%B0%B4%E4%BF%A3%E7%97%85-minama-byo/

https://matcha-jp.com/en/1019