programmatic approach for proven and climate friendly technologies

Programmatic approach towards

sustainable refrigeration, air conditioning and foa m production

GIZ Proklima InternationalUNEP ECA Network Meeting

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10th May 2011, Belgrade

Bernhard Siegele, GIZ-Proklima

Projects funded by

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� Since the 1st January 2011 the GTZ changed it’s name to GIZ due

to a merger with:

� DED – Deutscher Entwichlungsdienst GmbH

� InWent – Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung

GmbH

PROKLIMA – a programme within GIZ

Introduction GTZ Proklima� GIZ Ltd. (GmbH)

� International cooperation enterprise for sustainable development with worldwide operations, established in 1975.

� Currently, ca. 2,600 development projects and programmes in 126 countries with 67 own offices. App. 18,000 employees, of which 1,400 people employed at the Head Office in Eschborn near Frankfurt am Main

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PROKLIMA – a programme within GIZ

� Since 1996 following guidelines and resolutions adopted in the 1987 “Montreal

Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer”.

� Advises governments of partner countries, companies on drafting local

regulations , setting policies and replacement of ozone depleting technologies.

� Cooperates with 30 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the fields of

refrigeration, foam blowing, fire fighting equipment and agriculture

� Since 1996 over 235 projects in almost 40 countries, with an overall volume of

close to US$ 45 million.

Proklima

� 15 years worldwide initiatives� ~ 235 projects� ~ 40 countries� ~ 8,000 ODP tons reduced

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� ~ 100 Mio tons CO2eq. reduced

Focus on natural refrigerants with low-GWP and ener gy-efficient applications

HCFC phase-out and HFC phase down

� Montreal Protocol Obligation to phase out the use of HCFCs until 2030

� Proposals to phase-down the use of HFCs until 2030s

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0%

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HFC-Phase down proposals

NAProposal

FSM Proposal

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HCFC Phase out

worldwide HFC-emissions projection till 2050

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total CO2 emissions target in order to

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HFC-emissions

US-EPA’s Opinion September 2010

“Available Options in Commercial Refrigeration”:

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RAC equipment

� RAC equipment that has high energy consumption� Efficiency of refrigerating system� Efficiency of ancillary components (lighting, motors,

heaters, etc)� RAC equipment that currently uses HCFCs, HFCs, etc

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� RAC equipment that currently uses HCFCs, HFCs, etc� Reduce refrigerant leakage, handling losses� Substitute with natural refrigerant

Considerations based on developing country national

emissions factor

RAC equipment

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2.0

Focus on efficiency

Focus on refrigerant

Considerations based on developing country national emissions factor

– Dictates the focus (although may also be both)

RAC equipment

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efficiency refrigerant (emissions and

refrigerant type)

Barriers to low-GWP refrigerantsIntroduction

� The “default” replacement for R22 is HFCs

� Decision 60/44, ExCom recommends that climate (GWP, energy) be considered when choosing alternatives to HCFCs

� If R22 is replaced with HFCs, the “average” GWP from

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� If R22 is replaced with HFCs, the “average” GWP from the mix is around 3,000 (compared to 1,800 for R22)

� With >10% annual growth of HCFC use in Article 5 countries � significant increase in GHG emissions

� For 2009, emissions approx. 400 m tCO2-eq � 670 m tCO2-eq if HFC used � 1,300 m tCO2-eq in 2010

� One option to help avoid such emissions is through use of alternative refrigerants with low-GWP

Barriers to low-GWP refrigerantsRefrigerants to consider

• Those under consideration, and their main technical issues

R-717 (ammonia)

―Higher toxicity, low flammability, cannot use copper systems

HCs – R-290 (propane), R-1270 (propylene)

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HCs – R-290 (propane), R-1270 (propylene)

―High flammability

R-744 (carbon dioxide)

―Very high working pressures, low critical temperature / transcritical cycle at higher ambient temperatures

Unsaturated HFCs – R1234yf, R1243zf, etc

―Very new, probably rather costly, not commercialised yet

Barriers and solutions for application of natural refrigerants

Barriers Solution/approach

flammability,risk of explosion,toxicity

� Implementation of relevant safety measures� Capacity building measures

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toxicity � For conversions of production lines:support for re-design (safety and energy efficiency)

restrictive standards Advice on new standards, considering the application of natural refrigerants

higher investment costs

Demonstration projects in order to prove operative savings and to allow sound decisions

Barriers to low-GWP refrigerantsGeneral recommendations

� Nine fields where opportunities lie for encouraging uptake of low-GWP alternatives� Awareness-raising, � Training, � Guidance,

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� Guidance, � Technical development, � Market development, � Financial incentives, � Regulatory infrastructure, � Montreal Protocol substantive issues, � ENGOs


� Awareness-raising� Highlight the importance of the (climate) problem and the

possibilities of (low-GWP) options available

� Training� Critical to adopt dedicated training – specific to each individual

low-GWP alternative and specific to application/end use

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low-GWP alternative and specific to application/end use

� Guidance� High quality guidance of what low-GWP alternative, when, where

and how; also targeted to specific stakeholder groups

� Technical development� Improving efficiency of R744 AC systems for warm climates,

reducing refrigerant charge sizes for HC systems, safety control mechanisms for system using flammables


� Market development� Stimulate industry involvement with low-GWP alternatives; encourage

local manufacturing, develop product directories, etc

� Financial incentives� Subsidies for using low-GWP, tax incentives for low-GWP / tax

disincentives for high-GWP

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disincentives for high-GWP

� Regulatory infrastructure� Impose better control of industry to work safely, modify regulations that

inhibit low-GWP alternatives, ensure safety standards are constructive

� Montreal Protocol substantive issues� Decision-making bodies to introduce more incentives, HPMP

consultants should be better assisted to embrace low-GWP alternatives

� ENGOs to more actively lobby on the high/low-GWP issue


� How & where stakeholders can affect process

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Programmatic approach� Cross sectoral� Cross-conventional (Montreal/Kyoto/Basel/Stockholm)� From technology demonstration to sector conversions� Optimized application of natural refrigerants/blowing agents� Cooperation with all main stakeholders – massive

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� Cooperation with all main stakeholders – massive involvement of private industry;

� Local added value (localization of technology, local assembly; value chain)

� Capacity development (individuals, organisations, institutions, networks)

� Complementary funding� Accessibility to climate negotiations & future climate regime

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Environmental technology transfer to developing countries

Sector developmentCFC �� (HCFC �� HFC ��) LOW GWP + EE applications and systems

Sector developmentCFC �� (HCFC �� HFC ��) LOW GWP + EE applications and systems

Capacity development

Capacity development

Management/ Support

Management/ Support

NetworkingNetworking

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developmentdevelopment SupportSupportNetworkingNetworking

• Policy advise• Institutional/

legal frameconditions

• Pilot projects • Standards/ Labelling• Qualification/ Training

• Cooperation models(PPP, JV, ... )

• R&D partnerships• Brokerage between

associations• Co-financing• Measuring, verification,reporting

• Public relations• Marketing• Promotion and dissemination of results

Programmatic approachCold Moderate Hot/dry Tropical

Domestic Refrigeration

Greenfreeze, worldwide

R600a ref., Swasiland, SolarChill

ICR NH3/CO2 supermarket, South Africa; Refrigerated transport

Solar Ref. Jordan/Gulf

NH3 AC, Mauritius; Solar Ref. Mexico, Indonesia

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transport Indonesia

RAC R290 split, China, India

R290 split, China, worldwide

PU foam Swasiland

XPS foam Ukraine China, Iran

Servicing Iran, India India Brazil

Recycling/Destruction

Ukraine Brazil

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Proklima Introduction

Proklima

�Promotes Technology Transfer through mutual partnerships

�Assists partner enterprises in developing countries to acquire, use and further develop technology know-how for sustainable business development

�Recognizes that environmental protection will work best, when it is also good business.

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also good business.

�Environmentally safe, sustainable technology must be widely introduced through business partnerships to effectively protect the future of our children.

� Germany, as an industrialized country, did a lot of the environmental damage we are trying to fix today.

� ECA fast growing economies are developing in a similar way (� EU harmonisation/accession).

International Climate Initiative (ICI)

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http://www.bmu-klimaschutzinitiative.de/en/theme

Barriers to low-GWP refrigerantsGIZ Proklima activities to help overcome barriers

� Example: Demonstration project of production of climate-friendly air conditioners (China)� Project introduces HCs to the

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� Project introduces HCs to the production of room air-conditioning systems using HCs at Gree Electric Appliances Inc.

� Conversion to HC will reduce emissions from currently used ozone-and climate-damaging HCFCs

� Enables manufacturer to develop experience of handling production and design of ACs using HCs

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� Example: Conversion of large air-conditioning systems in public buildings (Mauritius)� Replacing old, inefficient central air-

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� Replacing old, inefficient central air-conditioning systems in public buildings

� With new (R717) ammonia chillers in country with tropical climate

� Project avoids emissions of high-GWP, ODS refrigerants

� Meets all safety requirements of European safety standard

The old Liquid Chillers

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The new Liquid Chillers

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The Ammonia Absorber (safety)

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� Example: Conversion of supermarket systems (South Africa)� Replacing conventional centralised

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supermarket systems, Pick and Pay

� With R744 (carbon dioxide) and R744/R717systems in country with hot climate

� 20-25% higher energy-efficiency

� Project avoids emissions of high-GWP, ODS refrigerants

� Meets all safety requirements of European safety standard

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COMMERCIAL PLANT ENERGY USE

24.05.2011 Seite 31Copyright Aruba Cooling (Pty)

31

Outcomes – Contractors view

� 25% to 30% higher than HCFC systems after re-costing using locally manufactured plant (local components, local know-how)

� Store energy use is at least 15% better than comparable modern stores

� ROI 3-4 years� Safety requirements in installation and operation is new to

commercial industry; industrial companies are used to this

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commercial industry; industrial companies are used to this� Plant rooms planned preferably on the roof� Ammonia leaks are rare and quickly attended to� System life expectancy is at least 5 years longer than traditional

supermarket systems� New technology for natural refrigerants are being developed and

thus will be increasingly part of future commercial refrigeration systems

� Challenges from continued store operations while installation24.05.2011

Outcomes – Pick ‘n Pay view

� New strategy on climate friendly stores� Revision of company standards� No more HCFCs in new or refurbished stores

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� No more HCFCs in new or refurbished stores� Pilots to include Air Conditioning in NR-system

(Natural Refrigerants)� Allocations in annual budget� Cooperation and exchange with other players in the

market (benchmarking scheme being discussed)� Main competitors (Checkers, Spar, Woolworth, Shopwise,

Makro) taking up technology and converting stores

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� Example: Demonstration project of production of climate-friendly commercial refrigeration (Swaziland)

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� Project introduces the production of stand-alone commercial refrigeration units HCs at Palfridge

� Conversion to HC will reduce emissions from previously used ozone-and climate-damaging refrigerants

� Product range redesigned to meet international safety standards

� Up to 40% improvement in energy use

Success of Greenfreeze technology diffusion in China

o 1995: Company Quingdao Haier introduced Greenfreeze Technology, supported by GTZ

o 2009: 93 mio units (ca.75% of Chinese production) with

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Greenfreeze Technology Diffusion in Chinese Refrigerator and Freezer

Production

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production) with Greenfreeze Technology

o Saved (since introduction): ca. US$ 350 mio;ca. 150 mio tCO2eq

o With Palfridge project technology also introduced in Africa

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� Example: action plan in China to implement flammable refrigerants in air conditioning sector� Development of plan in


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� Development of plan in collaboration with industry for widespread use of low-GWP flammable refrigerants

� Includes development activities, training, standards and codes of practice

� Helps smooth the transition from ODS, high-GWP to climate-friendly options


• Example: Comprehensive guidance on low-GWP technology

― Translated/translating into many languages

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� Example: training on the use of HCs in southern Africa region� Thorough, dedicated

training-the-trainer to


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training-the-trainer to use HCs

� Helps smooth the transition from ODS, high-GWP to climate-friendly options

� Increases confidence of technicians

� Safety information does not get “lost”

Implementation of Training

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Open Screw Compressor

Maintenance and Repair

Current project proposals� National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) in

refrigeration, AC and foam sectors (IN, TH, RSA, MEX)� Transport Refrigeration (South Africa)� Solar Refrigeration and Air Conditioning for Commercial

and Industrial Applications) – JO, MX,

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and Industrial Applications) – JO, MX, � Cool Chain for commercial applications (e.g. fruit juice

industry South Africa)� Cold Stores (China)� German Green Cooling Initiative (global)� Harmonization of Refrigeration and AC standards &

WEEE – European Standard (Ukraine)

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Potential cooperation with ECA countries

� German International Climate Initiative (IKI)� Technology Demonstration (foam, refrigeration with

natural, non-ODS, low-GWP alternatives) � Sector Approach

� Harmonisation of standards, regulations, systems

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� Harmonisation of standards, regulations, systems� Tri-Generation (steam, heat, cooling)� Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / Energy Efficiency for

Commercial and Industrial Applications� Pilot area for HC room air conditioning unit (tourism resort)� Development Partnerships with private sector (PPP) on topics

like standards, vocational training (along cool chain)

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Thank you!

Contact:

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Proklima InternationalDeutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbHDag-Hammarskjöld-Weg1-565760 Eschborn, Germany

Email: [email protected]: www.gtz.de/proklima

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programmatic approach for proven and climate friendly technologies

Technology

worldwide hfcemissions

totalemissions co2eq

emissions factor kgco2kwh

giz dueto

sustainable refrigeration

oftotal co2eq

development projects

mio tons co2eq