Program on Grid managementNRLDC – POWERGRID

SCADA/EMS System in Northern Regionby

S.K.Nehru

June 2003June 2003

2

Organization of presentation

NR SC&C Project

Overview of the system

Overview of functions

SCADA EMS

3

System Overview

BBMB

DVBNREB

UPSEB

HSEB

HPSEB

PSEB

CPCC

Panipat (B)

Dadri (B)Dadri (H)

Sultanpur

Moradabad

Varanasi

Rishikesh

Bhilwara

Kota

Ratangarh

Narwana

Hamirpur

Kunihar

Laltonkalan

Jallandhar (P)

Jallandhar (B)

Moga

Ganguwal (B)

RSEB

Panki

J&K

Pakistan

Nepal

ChinaJammu & Kashmir

HimachalPradesh

Punjab

HaryanaUttar

Pradesh

Rajasthan

Delhi

Gujarat MadhyaPradesh

Bemina

J&K SEB13 RTUs1 Sub-LDC

PSEB 19 RTUs2 Sub-LDC

HVPNL 41 RTUs2 Sub-LDC

RSEB21 RTUs3 Sub-LDC

HPSEB16 RTUs2 Sub-LDC

BBMB21 RTUs4 Sub-LDC

DVB31 RTUs4 Sub-LDC

UPSEB82 RTUs5 Sub-LDC

RSCC 42 RTUs1 CPCC

4

R.S.C.C.

DELHI

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System Hierarchy

5

Dual Processor/Desktop console

DualWAN Routers

DualCommunication

Front-end

Peripheral Equipment

To the concerned SLDC

Dual LAN

To RTUs

TYPICAL SUB-LDC CONFIGURATION

6

TYPICAL SLDC CONFIGURATION

SCADA/EMSSERVERS

ISRSERVER

ICCPSERVER

NetworkManagement

Console

DevelopmentConsole

CommunicationFront-end

OperatorConsoles

WANRouters

PeripheralEquipment

RemoteVDUs

To RSCC & SUB-LDCsTo RTUs

Dual LAN

7

SCADA/EMSSERVERS

ISRSERVERS

ICCPSERVERS

NetworkManagement

Console

DevelopmentSERVER

CommunicationFront-end

OperatorConsoles

WANRouters

PeripheralEquipment

RemoteVDUs

To SLDCs & CPCC

DTSSERVER

DevelopmentConsole

To RTUs

DTSOperatorConsoles

RSCC CONFIGURATION

Dual LAN

8

Communication Front-ends (CFE)

drives the serial communication lines connected to the RTUs.

the CFE hardware configuration consists of a VME chassis containing an Ethernet controller card and several serial communication cards.

the number of communication cards depend on the number of RTUs to connect where each card can support up to 16 communication lines with the RTUs.

the standard time interface to the GPS clock for the RTU synchronization is provided by a True Time VME bus card installed in the VME chassis.

System Architecture

9

SCADA/EMS ServerIt support the following system functions:

1. SCADA2. Real-time dispatching3. Power system analysis

the SCADA/EMS servers operate in a primary-standby relationship for redundancy purposes.

SCADA/EMS software is active only on the application server assigned the primary role.

System Architecture

10

ISR Server

used to perform Information Storage and Retrieval functions. (Oracle software)

also operate in a primary-standby redundancy.

Development Server

This server and its associated Development Consoles provide software utilities used to develop and maintain SCADA/EMS software, Compilers,

displays and databases.

System Architecture

11

System Architecture

Operator Consoles

handle the man-machine interface for system control and supervision operations.

there are operator consoles with 2-CRTs and operator consoles with one CRT.

Network Management Console

provides the monitoring facilities for local area and wide band network. Gives statistics about traffic on the line.

12

System Architecture

Local Area Network (LAN)

contains 8 slots that can be used to plug in full range of servers and routers

contains LAN switch modules, each one offering 12 ports

Contains the terminal server to connect the loggers and the line printers

it is also in dual configuration

Wide Area Network (WAN)

To allow several connections with

other control centers

Remote VDU (Video Display Unit) located in PGCIL/SEB Headquarters.

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PLCC at 300/600/1200 baudsPLCC at 300/600/1200 bauds

MicrowaveMicrowave

Optical FiberOptical Fiber

Communication mediaCommunication media

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Remote Terminal UnitRemote Terminal UnitS900S900

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S900 RTU Main Features

Powerful processing Distributed architecture (hardware and software) Compliance with international standards Modularity Flexibility

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Main Functions

Data Acquisition Digital inputs including SOE Analogs inputs Pulse counts Digital outputs (controls) Tap changer positions

Time Tagging 1 ms internal time tagging Synchronization by control center

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Main functions

CommunicationIEC 870-5-101 protocolSingle channel/Dual channels

Local faults archiving Main faults detected are:

Communication faultsBoard faultsSynchronization faults

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S900 RTU Typical Architecture

ControlControl CenterCenter

S 900S 900

SimulatorSimulatorSIM 900SIM 900 I /OI /O

Field Bus Field Bus Distributed RacksDistributed Racks

Main RackMain Rack

I /OI /O

DB ConfiguratorDB ConfiguratorGDB 900GDB 900

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Software ArchitectureSoftware ArchitectureEnergy Management PlatformEnergy Management Platform

EMPEMPTMTM

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Advanced Energy Management Systems

RSCCSLDC

SCADA Sub-LDCCPCC

Dispatcher Training SimulatorRSCC

EMPTM Flexible solution

AP

PL

ICA

TIO

NS

US

ER

INT

ER

FA

CE

UT

ILIT

IES

HA

BIT

AT

DTS

Network

Generation

SCADA

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EMPTM Habitat®

Integrated software environment Database Management Application development environment

• standardization & modularity• parallel executions• access control• coordinated task scheduling

Habitat provides the Real Time Control System environmentHabitat provides the Real Time Control System environment

HA

BIT

AT

Application Manager

DatabaseModeling

ProcessManager

Permit Manager

Utilizes Digital's RISC 64 bit systems: AlphaGenerationTM

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EMPTM Utilities

A complete set of utilities provide the services needed for an EMSA complete set of utilities provide the services needed for an EMS

HA

BIT

AT

UT

ILIT

IES

Communication software

Alarm processing

Historical data management and report

System configuration management

Switchover management

Inter Site Data Exchange

HABConnect: Access to the database from off-the-shelf PC applications (DDE & ActiveX controls)

ALARMNETIO

HDR BACKUP

ISD CFGMAN

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EMPTMUser Interface: Rapport-FG

X Windows/Motif compliant

Multi-screen, multi-windows “Rooms”

Large one-line diagram format

Tabular displays

Fully customizable dialogs (Popups & Menu bars)

Import of DXF files

Efficient zooming/decluttering /panning

Navigation Window

Rapport-FG is Alstom’s full graphics display package:Rapport-FG is Alstom’s full graphics display package:

HA

BIT

AT

UT

ILIT

IES

US

ER

INT

ER

FA

CE

X/MOTIF

MS-WINDOWS

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EMPTM SCADA (1)

SCADA provides the real-time information needed by the operator to have a comprehensive knowledge of its network every timeSCADA provides the real-time information needed by the operator to have a comprehensive knowledge of its network every time

AP

PL

ICA

TIO

NS

US

ER

INT

ER

FA

CE

UT

ILIT

IES

HA

BIT

AT

Data acquisition

Analog, Status, Accumulator Processing Limit Checking/Replacement Calculations

Supervisory Control; grouped controls, control interlocks

Load shedding with priority lists

Tagging

Sequence of event

Topology Processing

DTS

Network

Generation

SCADA

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TFE running in the host or separated server

CFE running in a VME chassis

Collection of standard (IEC 870-5) and proprietary protocols

Different protocols may be run on each line

Connection with EMP SCADA sites via Inter Site Data Exchange (ISD)

Connection with other sites via ICCP

EMPTM SCADA (2)

AP

PL

ICA

TIO

NS

US

ER

INT

ER

FA

CE

UT

ILIT

IES

HA

BIT

AT

DTS

Network

Generation

SCADA

Data Acquisition from RTUs is distributed among 2 processes:

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Energy Management System

Network Application

Generation Application

Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS)

AP

PL

ICA

TIO

NS

DTS

Network

Generation

SCADA

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Network Application

State Estimator (RTNET)

Contingency Analysis (CA)

Security Enhancement (SENH)

Power Flow (PWRFLOW)

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) AP

PL

ICA

TIO

NS

DTS

Network

Generation

SCADA

28

RTNET

The real time state estimator is the first application in the on-line

network application sequence.

The Purpose is to estimate the present electrical operating

topology and state of the network.

The state estimator determines the voltage at each modeled

bus and the power flowing in each modeled components.

The topology and state determined by RTNET are presented to

operators who monitor the network and also provide basis for

further network analysis function.

29

Contingency Analysis (CA)

The contingency Analysis application is used to study potential

components changes (contingencies) on the power system.

The set of changes that can be analysed include AC line,

transformers, bus, station, breaker and generator outage.

CA informs the user of contingencies that could cause

conditions violating operating limits.

Alarm generation is supported within real time interface.

CA operates in real time environment as well as in the study

mode.

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Security Enhancement

Security enhancement assists the utility in achieving the optimal

balance between security, costs and other operational

considerations.

The assistance is provided by a set of solutions. By reviewing the

results of these solutions, the utility will obtain additional information

enhancing their ability to operate the system in an optimal manner.

In the real time environment security enhancement operates on the

result obtained by state estimator.

The application can be used in both the real time as well as stand

alone environment.

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Optimal Power Flow (OPF)

The purpose of the optimal power flow function is to determine

recommendations for power system controls that causes

improvements in the state of the power system.

OPF can recommend controls that can eliminate or minimize

power system limit violations.

Although OPF is designed to support the real time concerns, it

is integrated into system as a study/analysis tool.

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Real Time Network Analysis Function

PROCESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

NETWORK SUBSYSTEM

- Analyze trigger- Delay as required

RTNET- Estimation

RTSENH - Base casesolution

RTCA - Contingencyanalysis

Manual trigger

SCADA SUBSYSTEM

• Designatedstatus change

SCADA trigger Periodic trigger

Real Time Network Analysis Function

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Execution Trigger

The triggering logic is controlled by another task (on-line network sequence OLNETSEQ) and RTNET is executed when requested by this task.

RTNET can be triggered to execute over a variety of conditions. The potential triggers are :

Periodic (every 10 minutes periodically execution of State

estimator, Contingency Analysis and Security enhancement.)

SCADA informs to OLNETSEQ whenever there is a change in

device status. OLNETSEQ triggers the execution if it is required.

Manual request

By RTGEN. If the difference of the computed tie-line sum by AGC

with the recorded value is more than the user specified tolerance

limit it is concluded by RTGEN that the system has moved and

network analysis (RTNET) is triggered.

34

Generation Application

RTGEN is the real time Generation

application of the EMP system. It allows

the dispatcher to monitor, analyze and

control real time generation within an

operating area.

The principal function within RTGEN is

the Automatic Generation Control (AGC).

AP

PL

ICA

TIO

NS

DTS

Network

Generation

SCADA

35

Automatic Generation Control

The AGC function automatically controls the generation at

minimum cost within the following constraints :

Area Load/Generation reserve

Scheduled MW transaction with neighbors

Scheduled frequency and time error

Generation unit restrictions (unit limits)

AGC performance criterion

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Real Time Generation Function Overview

TRANSACTIONSCHEDULING

Schedules sales andpurchase of power

with neighboring areas

HISTORICALLOSS MODEL

Maintains a modelof loss parametersfor other functions

MIDNIGHTPURGE

Purges outdatedschedules

POND MONITOR

Monitors pondelevations and

calculate discharges

UNITSCHEDULING

Schedules deration,fuel use and base

points of units

PRODUCTIONCOSTING

Monitors current area generation production costs

EXTERNAL UNITSCHEDULER

Provides Network subsystem with probable operatinglevels of external units

AUTOMATIC GENERATIONCONTROL (AGC)

SYSTEM LOADFORECAST

HYDRO THERMALCOORDINATION 2

STUDYGENERATION

SCADA NETWORKFUNCTIONS

RTGEN

RESERVEMONITOR

Calculates andmonitors reserves

ECONOMICDISPATCH

Calculates economicbasepoints of units

AGCPERFORMANCE

MONITOR

Monitors regulationperformance

OperationMonitor Load Shed

Real Time Generation Function Overview

37

Supporting Functions

AGC is supported by following functions: The economic Dispatch (ED) He Production costing function (PC) The Reserve Monitor Function (RM) The Transaction Scheduling Function The Unit scheduling function The Fuel cost scheduling function Midnight Purge function The external Unit scheduling function The historical loss model update Pond Monitor function

38

Supporting Functions(Cont.)

The economic dispatch function allows the dispatcher to

determine economic base points for a selected set of units.

AGC controls units to operate at these economic base points.

The power costing function allows the dispatcher to monitor the

current area generation production cost.

The Reserve Monitor function allows the dispatcher to monitor

the amount and type of spare generation that is available in the

operating area. Alarms are issued when the area’ generation

reserve drops below its required level.

39

Supporting Functions(Cont.)

The Transaction scheduling function allows the dispatcher to

schedule power sales and purchases with neighboring utilities.

AGC uses this information to determine the desired net

interchange on the tie-lines.

40

Supporting Functions(Cont.)

Unit scheduling function allows the dispatcher to define base

points, deration schedule and fuel schedules. AGC uses base

point schedules to control generation to the specified levels.

Deration schedules are used by AGC to effectively restrict unit

capacities. Fuel mix schedules are used by ED to determine the

cost of generations.

41

Supporting Functions(Cont.)

Fuel Cost schedule function allows the dispatcher to define the

cost and efficiency for each fuel type in the system. Used by ED

to determine the cost of generation.

Midnight purge function is used to purge RTGEN schedules

which have been expired a certain number of days, typically 3

days. The purging will either delete the schedules completely or

copy them into a historical database.

42

Supporting Functions(Cont.)

External Unit Scheduling function allows the dispatcher to model

external operating areas and use the model to estimate the

probable operating levels of units in those areas.

Historical loss model update maintains an up-to-date set of units

and areas transmission loss sensitivity for different levels of load

and interchange.

43

Supporting Functions(Cont.)

Pond Monitor Functions maintains reservoir status and its

elevation data. These data are passed to planning function

(Hydro thermal coordination).

44

Interfaces

SCADA scans the power system and provides RTGEN with

data about devices in the field. RTGEN sends control signals

through SCADA to plant control signals (PLCs) in order to

modify the generation output.

It also sends the current operational information to network

functions and receives loss and network security information

from them.

45

DTS – Functional Overview

DTS-612

TRAINEE'S ENVIRONMENT

DTS - functional overview

DISPATCHER CONSOLES

ENERGY CONTROL CENTER OPERATIONS

CONTROLCENTERMODEL

POWER SYSTEM MODEL

INSTRUCTOR POSITION

INSTRUCTOR CONSOLES

DATABASE CONSTRUCTION

AND INITIALIZATION

PLANT OPERATOR ACTIONS SUBSTATION OPERATOR ACTIONS NEIGHBORING UTILITY OPERATOR ACTIONS ACTS OF NATURE SIMULATOR INITIALIZATION CONTROL AND REVIEW

INSTRUCTOR'S ENVIRONMENT

46

Dispatcher Training Simulator

The primary objective of the DTS is to provide a tool for training

system dispatchers. The DTS function resides in the energy

control center but it is isolated from all the real-time Energy

Management System activities.

The DTS is executed in its own environment and therefore,

operations in the DTS have absolutely no impact the real-time

functions.

47

Elements of DTS

DTS Control This function consists of the control of the DTS

which is typically performed by the instructor.

Event Scheduler provides simulation control by simulating

predefined events to be implemented during a training session.

48

Elements of DTS(Cont.)

Model construction and Initialization consists of the process of

building of various models that are needed for proper simulation

of the power system – SCADA, network and generation model.

Energy Control System simulates the normal EMS functions in

DTS. This is the only part of the system with which trainees

interact.

Power system Dynamic simulation simulates the dynamic

behavior of power system. The prime mover dynamics and

relays are modeled to behave in the same way as the actual

devices in the field.

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