program: applied research in environmental sciences nonprofit, inc. (aries) sponsor: dhs national...

Program: Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc. (ARIES) Sponsor: DHS National Center of Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) Presenters: Anne Garland and Lloyd Mitchell ARIES and DHS CREATE Research Associates

MISSION ARIES is a non-profit research association promoting collaborative research, public education, and public outreach designed to enhance corporate and community based decision making. www.ariesnonprofit.com

VISION ARIES provides opportunities for scientists and researchers to engage in qualitative and quantitative based integrated research that enhances and encourages collaboration between diverse entities to work together to develop safer communities, healthier environments, and ecologically based management of critical natural and historical resources.

CREATE: The National Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events Stephen Hora, D.B.A. Director Isaac Maya, Ph.D., P.E. Director of Research Kelly Buccola Associate Director for External Relations

how can DHS enhance risk management as the basis of decision making? 5 How does CREATE serve DHS?

CREATE Partners - 2009 6

CREATE Mission To improve our Nations security through research and development of advanced models and tools to evaluate the risks, costs and consequences of terrorism and natural and manmade hazards to guide economically viable investments in homeland security. (Strategic Plan 2012-2016)

8 CREATE Research Framework Risk Assessment Economic Assessment Risk Management

Working Together for a Safer Tomorrow Research Framework (Tribally Inclusive Geographic Area) Risk Assessment Indian Communities Non-Indian Communities Economic Assessment Indian Communities Non-Indian Communities Risk Management Indian Communities Non-Indian Communities

WTST Model Activities Audiences/Participants Outreach Education Integrated Disciplines Unitized Research (Team) Research and Field Projects Practitioner Tools and Products National Conference Presentations and Publications TIGA related (Tribally Inclusive Geographic Areas) Minority related (African American, American Indians, Hispanics, Latinos, Chicanos)

CREATE and WTST Research and Product Framework Threat Assessment Consequence Assessment Vulnerability Assessment Assessment of Indirect Econ. Consequences Response Recovery Intelligence Prevention Interdiction Protection Cost-Benefit & Decision Analysis Risk Assessment Economic Assessment Risk Management Assessment of Direct Econ. Consequences

ARIES Role for WTST Program Student Participant Coordination Next Generation of Homeland Security Professionals FY 2008-2009 FY2010-2012 Guide students to develop projects about their career interests and DHS CREATE Research Categories Mentoring student projects and assist with outreach symposia TIGA fieldwork and research National Conference Poster Competitions Students career interests are designed to assist with Mentors and CREATE Directed Projects related to DHS Research Categories Students assist with Models/Tools/Products developed and implemented with and for relevant users and practitioners, often in TIGA. Student Driven Projects National Conference Poster Competitions

13 CREATE Mission and S&T Divisions S&T Divisions ExplosivesChem/BioCCIBorders/ Maritme Human Factors Infrastructure Geophysical Risk Assessment Economic Assessment Risk Management

14 CREATE Mission and S&T Divisions S&T Divisions ExplosivesChem/BioCCIBorders/ Maritme Human Factors Infrastructure Geophysical Risk Assessment Dirty BombIEDsPORTSEC Economic Assessment Antrax Water Supply Swine FluElectricity Water 9-11 Risk Management ARMORPORTSEC ARMOR: Queues WTST: CRIOS

Achieving regional, local, and tribal integration to reduce risks and the economic impacts of disaster and terror events

CRIOS Co-authors: Brittany Friend, Bernadette Franklin, Kyle Horne, Dr. Anne Garland, and Dr. Lloyd Mitchell Collaboratively designed and implemented by a student participant team of Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc. (ARIES), in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS CREATE) program titled Working Together for A Safer Tomorrow (WTST), this project applies a three-step model for multi- jurisdictionally diverse regions (Tribally Inclusive Geographic Area or TIGA) to integrate emergency resources and management with the goal of operating cooperatively as resilient communities in the event of natural disasters or from terrorism.

Federal Indian Policy: General Characteristics of TIGA (Alaska Varies) Federal or State Trust Lands (Fee to Trust Lands) Tribal Enrollment and Tax Free Status Tribal Government and often Public Services separate from local and regional communities. Sovereign Jurisdictional Differences for Community Security Services Police Fire and Emergency Management (regional variations )

Step 1: Risk Matrix Risk matrix is used to determine a risk ranking of regional disaster and terror events. DISASTER EVENTS Tribal Cities and Towns CountyRegionState Flooding66660 Blizzards22222 Debris Flows11100 Nuclear Waste 1111 Roadway Vandalism 55000 Business Closures (smoke shops) 00000 Bio- Terrorism 00000 Risk Matrix Example: Tri-County Region of SW New York TIGA Risk Occurrence Scale= 1 (monthly), 2 (quarterly), 3 (bi-annually), 4 (annually), 5 (2-5 years), 6 (5-10 years)

Step 2: Integrated Operability Score (IOS) Second, an area in the study region is chosen and a real time tri-level status report is conducted by community stakeholders. An integrated operability score, or IOS, is then calculated to determine integrative and cooperative regional capabilities.

Multi-Jurisdictional Cooperation Tri-Level Status Report Integrated Operability Score ( IOS) LEVEL DEFINITION DESCRIPTION HighWhat we are doing best MediumWhat we are trying to do LowWhat we cannot do well Modified from STATEWIDE COMMUNICATION INTEROPERABILITY PLAN (SCIP) WEIGHTED EVALUATION CRITERIA September 2007, http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1225902750156.shtm) http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1225902750156.shtm SCIP=Weighted Evaluation Criteria (applied to Local/Regional IOS) Example: (1) 20% Governance 4% 4.4 Identify the members of the governing body and any of its committees. (List them according to the categories recommended for a communications interoperability committee in the All-Inclusive Approach.) CriteriaUnits to Scale Organizational Structure Public/Private/Tribal/Combined Staff Structure/Qualifications Hours/month Emotional Support Frequency Heritage Recognition Involvement Levels 3% 4.6. Describe multi-jurisdictional, multi-disciplinary agreements needed for decision-making and for sharing resources. CriteriaUnits to Scale Mutual Aid Procedures and Practice Emergency Management ResourcesSharing Levels Modified with Permission from Elaine Willman, Public Administrator, Hobart, WI, Citizens Equal Rights Alliance

Step 3: Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score As the model is incorporated for local and tribal communities, a cumulative regional integrated operability score, or CRIOS, is produced. This score is derived from: a) qualitative and quantitative statistical indicators related to stakeholders perceived capabilities to function as resilient communities in the event of a disaster, b) regular assessments of risks and cooperative regional resources to remain resilient and c) a time table for jurisdictional improvements of cooperative regional resources.

Regional Indicators for CRIOS Stakeholder Indicators CRIOS Tool Cumulative IOS includes: 1) Crucial criteria about Risk, Fire, and Emergency Management cooperation among tribes, towns, and counties within regional jurisdictions. 2) A risk scale (0-5) is used to quantify regional cooperation. 3) A time scale should be considered with re-evaluation of the risk analysis every five years or sooner. 4) To identify the history of the CRIOS in a study area, jurisdiction(s) records can be examined to determine the time series benefits of lessening risks. 1) List of Relevant Cooperative Interoperability Criteria 2) Ranks: Tribes, Towns, County in a Regional Network 3) Graduated Scale: 0) Nothing 1) Insufficient 2) Unsatisfactory 3) Sufficient 4) Satisfactory 5) Resilient

Critical Indicators for CRIOS Stakeholder Indicators CRIOS Tool Criteria Units to Scale Mutual Aid Jurisdictions (local, tribal, region, state) Practice (formal/informal) Mapping Technology Application Levels (local, tribal, regional, (iCAV and ACAMS) field, interactive, friendly, Volunteer Training Frequency (CERT, NIMS) Collaborative Training Jurisdiction Levels, Training Frequency,, Time Scale Training Scenarios Frequency, Jurisdictions, Types (varied) EM Resources Sharing Level (local, tribal, region, state) Emotional Support Frequency Heritage Recognition Involvement (local, tribal, region, state) Infrastructure Security Procedures Infrastructure Resources Capability/Maintenance Levels (water, sewer, transportation, utilities, internet, etc.) Economic FundingSharing Level (local, tribal, region, state) Organizational StructurePublic/Private/Tribal/Combined, Staff Structure,Qualifications, Hours/month Medical Facilities Capacity, Number, Locations (distance- elevation) Containment Sites Capacity and Number, Locations (Casinos, College campuses) (distance-elevation) The next steps are: Request specific data for the criteria from the user groups. The user groups and stakeholders will scale the criteria based on relevancy. ( Graduated Scale 0-5 ) The risk analysis using the scale is valid if completed with the specific data provided by and from the jurisdictions. The benefits of the CRIOS are to inform the jurisdictions of the cooperative risks in their regional networks and criteria that need improvement.

STRUCTURE: Mutual Aid Infrastructure Organization Staff MAPPING: Local, Tribal, Regional, Field, Interactive, Friendly, Internet Independent Facilities: Containment Medical RESOURCES : Equipment Funding SUPPORT: Emotional Heritage TRAINING: C ollaborative Frequency Scenarios RESILIENCE: Managed Risks in Tribally Inclusive Geographic Areas CRIOS Model

Draft of CRIOS Tool Relevant Scale 0-5=Nothing, Insufficient, Unsatisfactory, Sufficient, Satisfactory, Resilient CRIOS TOOL Application LevelsFrequencyJurisdictionsTime ScaleFrequencyJurisdictionsTypesJurisdictionsPractices Sharing LevelsFrequency Mapping Technology ( iCAV/ACAMS) Scale 0-5 Volunteer Training Scale 0-5 Collaborative Training Scale 0-5 Training Frequency Scale 0-5 Training Scenarios Scale 0-5 Mutual Aid Agreement Scale 0-5 Emergency Resources Scale 0-5 Emotional Support Scale 0-5

Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score CRIOS 2010 The aim is to reduce risks and the economic impact of disaster and terror events, which is in alignment with DHS National Center of Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) mission for risk management. Community Stakeholders: TIGA of SW New York Preparation, response and recovery from 2009 Flood Research, Fieldwork and WTST Workshop

Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score CRIOS 2011-2012 The risk matrix, tri-level status report, IOS, CRIOS, and the key for the cooperative indicators are available at ARIES website for stakeholders to download and apply. Refinement of CRIOS model and tools with TIGA stakeholders. Currently, these are Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, Gowanda EM and VFD in NY, Eastern Band of Cherokee EM, NC, North Slope Borough Risk Management and Barrow Arctic Science Consortium. Plans for dedicated web pages for each CRIOS user to demonstrate variability about integration in TIGA. Allows revision of the CRIOS tool that is specific for TIGA stakeholders. Web pages can provide examples about successful EM integration in TIGA for comparative purposes and continued applications. Public Outreach (Future Plans) : To assist TIGA communities with score derivations, several scenarios in a docudrama can demonstrate the range of indicators about cooperative regional resources that produce resilient communities and reduce risks and economic impacts of disasters. The TIGA communities for the docudrama represent diversity of political and geographical considerations. They include regions based on current fieldwork and Emergency and Risk Management partnerships. They are the North Slope of Alaska and New York. Additional CRIOS demonstrations are provided by audio documentaries from emergency personnel who participated in the real time tri level status reporting. Their contributions enabled the efficient development of these tools for replication among other diverse communities. The docudrama and the audio documentaries are to be available for download and community comparisons from the ARIES website.

Co-authors: Former Fire Chief Norman Peters Emergency Measures Officer Regina Jacobs ARIES Student Participant Brittany Friend ARIES Research Associate Anne Garland

Multi-Jurisdictional Cooperation HAVD This important community organization works jointly to service the Canadian and American portions of Akwesasne. The HAVFD is a mutual aid responder for nearby non- native communities and Part of Akwesasnes emergency measures team. A sub-Station is housed on Cornwall Island. http://www.akwesasne.ca/i ndex.html http://www.akwesasne.ca/i ndex.html Fire Chief Norman Peters

Step 1: Risk Matrix Column1Column2 Column3Column4Column5Column6Column7Column8 Column9Column10 DISASTERJURISDICTION RISK OCCURRENCE SCALE SCORECOMMENTS 123456 MonthlyQuarterlyBi-AnnualAnnual2-5 Years5-10 Years Earthquakes Tribal 5 5 No major earthquakes - mostly tremors City / Town 5 County / Municipality 5 Regional 5 State / Provincial Floods Tribal 4 4 Especially along St. Lawrence River City / Town 4 County / Municipality 4 Regional 4 State / Provincial 4 Severe Storms Tribal 4 4 Severe winter storms are frequent. City / Town 4 County / Municipality 4 Regional 4 State / Provincial 4 Power Outages Tribal (Local)1 4.2 Power outages in St. Regis, Quebec are very frequent (at least once a month). City / Town 5 County / Municipality 5 Regional 5 State / Provincial 5 Tornadoes Tribal 5 4.2 City / Town 5 County / Municipality 5 Regional 5 State / Provincial 5 Civil Disorder Tribal 6 6 City / Town 6 County / Municipality 6 Regional 6 State / Provincial 6 Hazards - Biohazards Tribal 2 1.6 Residential Spills average 10 per year Commercial spills - every 5-10 years City / Town 6 County / Municipality 0 Regional 0 State / Provincial 0 Roadway Vandalism Tribal1 1 Roadway Vandalism is frequent in regards to destruction and removal of road signs. City / Town County / Municipality Regional State / Provincial

Step 2:Tri-Level Status Report 1954-2011 The Akwesasne volunteers (65) are highly skilled and trained in rescue and fire-fighting techniques with a specialty for water rescue operations. Training and Regular Drills come from multiple jurisdictions, i.e., Franklin County, New York State Academy of Fire Science, Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., Canadian Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Canadian Ambulance Corps, etc. Ambulance Services the whole Akwesasne Community and utilizes the Central Dispatch The Akwesasne Ambulance Service employs 8 Emergency Medical Technicians with 1 term and 2 casual personnel and 1 program manager. Fire Engineering Magazine Article March 1979

Step 3: Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score (Partial Application) Column1Column2 Column3Column4Column5Column6Column7Column8 Column9Column10 CRITERIASUB-CRITERIA GRADUATE D SCALE SCORECOMMENTS 012345 Nothing InsufficientUnsatisfactorySufficientSatisfactory Resilient Mutual Aid Community / Volunteer 3 2 Need to meet a certain threshold before the state or feds assist. This is insufficient as First Nations are usually federal recognized and shouldn't have to wait for mutual aid. Once a declaration has been made, mutual assistance should arrive. In theory, we have no border in emergency situtions. However, it can become a political issue with local councils. Local Government 2 County / Municipal 3 State / Provincial 1 Federal 1 Mapping Technology Field 4 4 Both the US & Canadian Tribal Governments own and operate their own IT Programs (Computers services, programming, training, mapping, etc. Friendly 4 Independent 4 Interactive 4 Internet 4 Volunteer Training Collaborative 1 2.2 Requested training - when volunteers requests specific training, it should always be delivered. If they can't depend on you, you can not depend on them It's mutual respect If they want it or need it, give it to them. Exercises 1 Frequency 3 Jurisdiction Levels 3 Requested 3 EM Resources Community / Volunteer 2 1.8 Akwesasne residents donate and support our emergency responders. MOU's are an asset. Funding is very limited on Canadian portion. Council Personnel Policies allow for our volunteers to leave their place of work for emergency response. Local Government 2 County / Municipal 3 State / Provincial 1 Federal 1 Emotional Support Community / Volunteer 1 1 Emotional support is available on so many levels. However, our Community is not big on using professional services due to confidentiality issues. Confidentiality vs. Work Ethics Local Government 1 County / Municipal 1 State / Provincial 1 Federal 1 Heritage Recognition Community / Volunteer 3 1.8 State, provincial and federal agencies recognize it, but often do not respect it. CBSA is a great example. Training is provided by MCA in this area. Local Government 3 County / Municipal 1 State / Provincial 1 Federal 1 Infrastructure Security Construction / Maintenance 4 3.6 We can build, maintain, operate and manage it, but we don't have the means to ensure the health & safety of our employees. A large gap here. Some areas are very territorial. Policy & Procedures 4 Health & Safety 2 Operations / Certification 4 Management 4 Infrastructure Resources (Not Included Below) Construction / Maintenance 3 2.6 We don't have policy and procedures for every piece of infrastructure we own. Health & safety remains and issue due to territorial issues. Policy & Procedures 2 Health & Safety 2 Operations / Certification 3 Management 3

Akwesasne St. Regis Mohawk Fire and Emergency Measures Mission and Vision by Regina Jacobs, Director If, we, as a small community, do not find and pull together resources from our surrounding areas to cover our backs, no one else will. Our community has high standards for its Fire Department and EMS and expects the delivery of service based on those standards.

Eastern Band of Cherokee, North Carolina Joint Center for Disaster Research, Massey University, NZ

Eastern Band of Cherokee Emergency Management Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1. Liquor Sales on Reservation Tribal Referendum 4.15.2012 2. Gaming Compact with Exclusivity Zone in Western NC. -Governor Agreement 11.2012 -Legislature TBD-Spring Session

CRIOS Applications Joint Center for Disaster Research at Massey University Wellington, NZ Maori Preparedness Study and Program Ministry of Social Development and Ministry Civil Defense and Emergency Management

Round table Discussions To assist risk management for your regional community, the CRIOS project team would appreciate your input, suggestions, and sharing of information. The CRIOS model and tool is for self awareness and decision-making about integration to improve risk and emergency management among TIGA communities (i.e., local, tribal, and regional integration). Your voluntary participation in this discussion, and answers, will assist to improve this model and tool for risk and emergency managers in TIGA communities across the nation. Please discuss the following topics as it applies to your tribally inclusive geographic area (TIGA). For each query, please provide a short answer or bulleted list as it applies to your community. If you are willing, please include the acronym of your State and County after each short answer or bullets. If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page

Regional Risks of Emergency Management among diverse communities How does cooperative management make TIGA communities safer for risks and emergencies? Give Examples in your community of cooperative management among tribal, local, and regional jurisdictions. How would your communities benefit from improved cooperative management for risks and emergencies? Give suggestions that would make your community safer with more tribal, local and regional cooperation. What are examples of cooperative resources that are needed to make your communities safer for risks and emergencies? Give examples of cooperative resources among tribal, local and regional jurisdictions in your communities. Please provide examples or suggestions about improvements for your community.

Cooperative Issues and Efforts For the following risks and emergencies, please put an X besides those that occur regularly or have occurred in your TIGA communities for which there was cooperative management among tribal and local jurisdictions. If you are willing, please provide a list of State and County acronyms after each X. If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page Flooding: Storm Damages (wind, ice, or rain): Blizzards: Earthquakes: Mudslides:Other Natural Disasters such as: Hazardous Materials: Train Wreck: Plane Crash: Terrorist Events: Taxation Protests: Other Manmade Disasters such as:

Cooperative Issues and Efforts For the following risks and emergencies, please put an X besides those that occur regularly or have occurred in your TIGA communities for which there were cooperative or shared resources among tribal and local jurisdictions. If you are willing, please provide a list of State and County acronyms after each X. If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page Flooding: Storm Damages (wind, ice, or rain): Blizzards: Earthquakes: Mudslides:Other Natural Disasters such as: Hazardous Materials: Train Wreck: Plane Crash: Terrorist Events: Taxation Protests: Other Manmade Disasters such as:

program: applied research in environmental sciences nonprofit, inc. (aries) sponsor: dhs national...

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