profit outputabiotic input biotic system components analysis & process design process (design...
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BIOTIC
INPUT
ABIOTIC
OUTPUT
PROFIT
System components Analysis & Process Design
PROCESS (Design
&management)
SYSTEM analysis to increase Biosystem Productivity (PROFIT ) by Engineering and Management DESIGN of biotic and abiotic factor , to increase output and minimize input .
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SYSTEM DESIGN TO INCRESE productivity
• Measurement and Monitoring of parameters
• Abiotic and Biotic factors
• Input and Output variables
• Management intervention
• Structural intervention
Incr
ease
pro
ductiv
ity o
ften m
eans
incr
ease
profit
( $$
$)
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Intervention to system
• Structural Intervention
• Redesign of physical environment
• Build new infrastructure
• New engine• Installation of barrier• Generally for
ABIOTIC factor
• Management Intervention
• Rescheduling of processing time
• Better monitoring • Organize the worker
Generally related to BIOTIC factor.
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METHOD IN PROFIT MAKING($$$). BIOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY.
( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
OUTPUT
INPUTReduction
BIOTIC ABIOTIC
ABIOTIC Factors LimitationBiotic factors
limitation
Processing limitation
Input Limitation
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METHOD To increase PRODUCTIVITY. Analytical framework for system design and
Improvement.( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
MAX OUTPUT
MIN INPUT
Crop biological potential
Good Infrastructure, climatic control
PROCESSING LOST
COSTLY
Efficient processing
ABIOTIC Factor Limiting
BIOTIC Factor Limiting
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METHOD To IMPROVEME SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
ROLE OF WATER MANAGEMENT.( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
OUTPUT
Water ManagementProblems
INPUT
Crop biological potential
Good Irrigation & Drainage Infra.
Inadequate Basic plant Water Requirement
Yield limit due wet condition
WATER COST
Minimize Water use
Harvest on hot/dry days
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WATER the most Limiting factor to Plant growth ( Primary Productivity)• Without water no Photosynthesis, no life.• In Plant growth adequate water must be
met to ensure optimum growth• Availability of water is express in term • Soil moisture ,meeting full plant
requirement• Inadequate water lead to Plant Stress • Referred as Abiotic stress or
Environmental Stress
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Soil moisture ,meeting full plant requirement
• Meeting potential transpiration
• If PAW is inadequate transpiration is suboptimal so is growth under stress.
• Relationship Transpiration ( T)
• and Yield [Y]( Biological Productivity, Dry Matter)
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Relationship T & Y
• Ypot = Tpot
• Yact= Tact
• Yact/Ypot= Tact/Tpot.
• Yact = Ypot (Tact/Tpot)
• Reduction in Yield = ( 1- Tact/Tpot)
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Evapotranspiration
• Evaporation from soil surface of crop area
• And Transpiration from the crop
Under field condition
Yield [Y] ~ Evapotranspiration [ ET]
Ypot ~ET pot
Yact ~ ET act
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Yact/Ypot = ETact/ ETpot
• Yact = Y pot ( ETact/ETpot)
• Ypot- Yact = 1- ETact/ETpot)
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
HARI SELEPAS TANAM
PE
RA
TU
S H
AS
IL P
OT
EN
SI
AIR CUKUP TAMPANG BUNTING
MASUK ISI KESEMUA
Yield Reduction due to Water Deficit
Non Limiting
Grain Filling
Booting
Vegetative
All stages
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Structural Intervention in High Density Mango Orchard by introduction of micro irrigation
To reduce crop water stress.
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Yield Component Analysis
• Output = yield• Immediate input to yield is the COMPONENTS
to make up the Yield.
• Yield component analysis shows components limiting the potential yield due to abiotic stress.
• Objectives :to redesign the production process to increase final harvest (Yield) by input manipulation.
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Yield Component Analysis
• Yield = mass / unit area;
• mass/ unit time;
• volume / time or area
• Example:
• Rice (grain) 10 ton/hectare ( 10 t/ha)
• kg/m2,
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Yield Component Analysis
No of Plant / unit Area ( m2)= A
No of panicles / plant = B
No of fruit /panicles = C
Average weight of fruit (kg) = D
Yield = AxBxCxD = Ykg/m2
Yield /ha = 10000 Y
[ 10000m2 = 1 ha.
A
B
Yield sample Area
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Yield Component Analysis
SIMPLIFIED YIELD ESTIMATE: RICE
Number of Panicles /unit area= A
Average Grain Wt /panicles (kg) = D
Yield = AxD = Ykg/m2
Yield /ha = 10000 Y
[ 10 000m2 = 1 ha.]
A
D= Grain weight /panicles
Yield sample Area