i

PROFILES

HEROES, ROLE MODELS AND PIONEERS

OF

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

CELEBRATING OUR 50 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

1962-2012

By Nasser Khan

ii

On the Cover

Top:Dr. Eric Williams, Sir Solomon Hochoy, Sir Ellis Clarke, A. N. R. Robinson, Kamla Persad-Bissessar

Middle:Rudranath Capildeo, Raymond Quevedo, Ellie Mannette, Brian Lara, Aldwyn Roberts

Bottom:Janelle Penny Commissiong, Jit Samaroo, Harold Saldenha, Dwight Yorke, Jean Pierre, George Bailey

iii

Other Publications by the Author (2004-2012)

• It’sAFunnyGame• TheWorldCup• KnowtheGame• TheCricketMatch• SonnyRamadhin,Commemoratinghisdistinguishedcareer• FruitsofTrinidadandTobagoChart;Vegetables,RootCrops andHerbsofTrinidadandTobagoChart• FruitsofBarbadosChart;Vegetables,RootCropsandHerbsof Barbados Chart• FruitsofSt.VincentChart;Vegetables,RootCropsandHerbs ofSt.VincentChart• FruitsofSt.LuciaChart;Vegetables,RootCropsandHerbsof St. Lucia Chart

ISBN978-976-8210-62-3SecondPublicationAugust2012OnlineVersionUpdatedAugust2015ReprintMarch2016

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without thepermission of the Author/Publisher. All rights reserved by NasserKhan.

Edited by Desiree McEachrane Seebaran & Adrian Camps-CampinsCover Design by Johann MahabirTypesetandPrintedbyEniath’sPrinting

iv

FOREWORDS

Incelebratingthisimportantmilestoneinournation’shistory,50yearsof Independence, we at theMinistry of Education fully support theeffortsofFirstCitizensBankandauthorandresearcherNasserKhanintheproductionofthismuchneededtextdesignedinalanguageandformatthatwillbeinvitingforyoungreadersespecially.Adultstoo,Iamsurewillfindthecontentsinformativeandtakedelightinreadingtothe younger ones.

Within the pages of this book you will find the profiles of thosewho have contributed to the development of Trinidad andTobago, those Heroes, Pioneers and Role Models who haveused their gifts to make us all proud of their achievements. Happy50thIndependenceTrinidadandTobago.

Dr. The Honourable Tim Gopeesingh, Minister of Education

Therehavebeenmanyheroes,pioneersandrolemodelsinournation’shistory.Itisimportantthatparticularlyouryoungpeoplelearnabout,appreciate and be inspired by their contributions.

Onthe50thAnniversaryofourIndependence,August31st2012,FirstCitizens ispleased to support thepublicationof thisbook,aspartofour Corporate Social Responsibility Programme under the pillar ofYouth Development and Education. We trust that this book will not only informandeducatebutwillencouragetheloveofreadingamongouryouth.WeatFirstCitizensbelievethattheabilitytoreadisoneofthegreatestgiftsyoucanreceiveandisindeedyourpassporttotheworld.

FirstCitizensjoinsproudlywithournationincelebrating50yearsofIndependence.

Larry Howai, Group CEO, First Citizens

ItiswithabsolutedelightandpleasureandindeedanhonourtoprovidethisbriefforewordtowhatIbelieveisamuchneededtextandtowhichFirstCitizensandtheMinistryofEducationhavegiventheirsupport.Thisbookisanexcellentcompilationwrittenwithouryouthinmind

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and provides easy reading of the profiles and the achievements andexcellence of our heroes, pioneers and role models in building ournation.Congratulations toNasser for puttinghis passion forwriting,researchandeducationintoproducingthisbookincelebrationofour50yearsofIndependence.

Michael Anthony, Author/Researcher/Historian

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INTRODUCTION

Dear Readers,

Thisyear2012isanimportantoneinourcountry’shistoryastogetherwecelebratefiftyyearsofIndependencefromBritain(England)whichwegainedin1962.Nodoubtyouhavelearnedaboutthisproudtimeinournation’shistory.OursingingoftheNationalAnthem,forexample,remindsusofthatveryproudday,August31st1962.DoyouknowwhocomposedourNationalAnthemandwhoiscalled‘TheFatherofourNation’?Youwillfindtheanswerstotheseandmanyotherquestionsinthepagesofthisbook.

Foracountylikeourstohavereachedwhereithastoday,throughtheperiods of being “discovered”, fought for or “settled” upon, slavery,indentureship,labourmovements,thejoiningofTrinidadwithTobagoin1889,toitsindependencein1962andthemoremodernera,involvedmanyheroes,pioneersandrolemodelsoverallthoseyears.Forexample,during theearlyyears fromaround the1770’suntil theearly1900’s,such heroes, pioneers and role models included Roume de St. Laurent, Gros Jean, John JacobThomas, JonasBath andEmmanuelMzumboLazare,importantpeoplewhohavefadedintohistoryandsomeofyouprobably have never heard about.

Throughthepagesofthisbook,itishopedthatyouwillfindinspiration,knowledgeandencouragementthroughtheprofilesofourmanyheroes, pioneers and role models, whoseprofilesarepresentedtoyouforeasyreadingandreference.Photographsofmanyofthesubjectsareincludedwhere available.

Heroes, Pioneers and Role Models of Trinidad and Tobago are those whohavemadeimportantcontributionstoourcountry’sdevelopment,whohavepavedandcontinuetopavethewayforotherstofollow.Suchpeople include our national leaders, those in public service, politics, medicine, science, law, education, business, social work, sports, labour, economics, culture, arts, radio, television, literature, agriculture, religion,oilandgas,theenvironment,engineering,architecture,fashionand beauty pageants. Emphasis is placed on those born in TrinidadandTobagoand thosebornelsewherebutwhohave spent somepartof their lives here making important contributions to our country’sdevelopment.

Of course those selected and those not selected will lead to much

vii

discussionandopinions.Thereforeapologies are made for any errors or omissions. Also there are many groups, teams and bands that have madeimportantcontributions,suchasLovey’sTrinidadStringBandof1912,TAPSOof1951,ourNetballTeamof1979,theSocaWarriorsof2006andmanyothers.Butthisisabookaboutindividualssoperhapsthatwillbethetopicofafuturebook.

Other books and features have been written by well known authors about important people who have contributed and are still contributing to the development of Trinidad and Tobago. In researching and compiling this book, which was done especially with schools and libraries in mind, some of these books and other sources have been used. For more in-depth detail you can refer to these sources which are listed on pages xii and 188. Sincere thanks to all the writers, researchers and organisations whose works I have listed as the reference sources and who have willingly given their approval for the use of their works.

ManythankstoFirstCitizensfortheirkindsponsorshipandtheMinistryofEducationfortheirapprovaltoproducethisbookfordistributiontoallschools inTrinidadandTobago.NALISlibrarieswillalsoreceivecopiesfortheirbranches.

Ihope thatyouwillfind ituseful, educational and interesting. Ithasbeenmyhonourandpleasureputtingittogetherforyou.

ENJOYREADING!

Nasser Khan

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DEDICATIONS AND THANKS

This book is dedicated to my wife Ramona and our two daughtersAleeshaandSheena,fortheirloveandsupport.

Itisalsodedicatedtoallthenotedresearchers,historiansandauthorswhohavespentmanyyearsproducingvolumesofmaterialabout theplacesandpeoplesofTrinidadandTobagoandourrichhistory.

Thanks go out to the Management and Staff at FIRST CITIZENS,especiallyMr.DexterCharles,aswellasthehelpfulstaffattheMinistryofEducation.

Finallyitisdedicatedtoalltheheroes,pioneersandrolemodelswhosecontributionshavehelpedinthedevelopmentofTrinidadandTobago.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TheEarlyDays........................................................................ 1Colonial Governors ................................................................. 4OurNation’sModernLeaders................................................. 7Agriculture............................................................................... 17Business.................................................................................... 24CommunityandSocialWork.................................................... 33CultureandtheArts.................................................................. 38Economics................................................................................. 80Education.................................................................................. 83Environment..............................................................................91FashionandBeautyPageants.................................................... 94Law............................................................................................ 97Medicine.................................................................................... 100Oil.............................................................................................. 112Politics....................................................................................... 115PublicService........................................................................... 121RadioandTelevision................................................................. 124Religion..................................................................................... 130Science,EngineeringandArchitecture...................................... 136Sports......................................................................................... 141TradeUnionism..........................................................................163Writing,JournalismandNewspapers..........................................169SomeFirstsinTrinidadandTobago...........................................179HighestNationalAwards.............................................................181TrinidadandTobagoCrossword.................................................186ReferenceSources.......................................................................188Addendum.................................................................................... 189Index............................................................................................192

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REFERENCE SOURCES

• HistoricalDictionaryofTrinidadandTobago, By Michael Anthony(1997)• DictionaryofCaribbeanBiography,VolumeOne:Trinidadand Tobago, By Bridget Brereton, Brinsley Samaroo and Glenroy Taitt(1998)• HeroesofthePeopleofTrinidadandTobago, By Michael Anthony(2005)• NIHERST’STrinidad and Tobago Icons in Science and TechnologyVolumeI(2005)• NIHERST’STrinidad and Tobago Icons in Science and TechnologyVolumeII(2009)• NIHERST’SCaribbean Women in Science and Their Careers (2011)• WHO’SWHOandHandbookofTrinidadandTobago,Express NewspapersLtd./InprintCaribbeanLtd.(1991)• The90MostProminentWomeninTrinidadandTobago, ExpressNewspapersLtd./InprintCaribbeanLtd.(1991)

NALISwebsite:www.nalis.gov.ttRonaldEmrit’swebsite:www.bestoftrinidad.com FirstCitizensSportsFoundation’sTrinidadandTobagoSportsHallofFamewebsite: www.ttsportshall.comNationalAwardsdatabase:www.thepresident.tt

Author’s note: Asstated in the Introduction, sincere thanksmustbegiven to all the writers, historians/researchers and organisations whoseworksIhavelistedasthereferencesources(especiallyMichaelAnthony, Bridget Brereton, Ronald Emrit, NALIS and NIHERST who havewillinglygiventheirapprovalfortheuseoftheirworks).Allofthereferencesourcesarerecommendedreadingtogainfurtherknowledgeof our Heroes, Pioneers and Role Models.

1

The Early Days

PHILIPPE-ROSE ROUME DE ST. LAURENT (1743-1805)

He first came to Trinidad from Grenada in 1777, invited by theSpanishwhowantedpeopletosettlehere.Beingaloverofnature,

hefeltthatTrinidadwastheplaceforhimsincenodevelopmenthadyettakenplace.Hewasamazedbyitsbeauty,itsfertilesoil,itsfloraandfauna.

HetheninvitedtheFrenchpeopleofGrenadatocometoTrinidadafter presenting a proposal to the Spanish to provide encouragementto them.Hehad to go toSpainwhere hemetwithKingCharles IIIwhoacceptedhisproposalandacedula(permit)wasdeclaredforthesettlementanddevelopmentofTrinidadin1783.

Therefore,itwasbecauseofhimthatTrinidadwasputontheroadtodevelopmentandmuchoftheFrenchcustomsandcultureofourpeopleallpointtothathistoricmomentwhenRoumefirstseteyesonTrinidad.

HeacquiredlandinDiegoMartinwherehesettledwithhisfamily.He fell on hard times and later wasmade the joint administrator ofTobago.TherearethreedocumentsfromhistimeinTobagoattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

GROS JEAN (Around mid to late 1700’s)

Gros Jean was a slave on the DiegoMartin estate of St. HilaireBegorrat,aFrenchplanterwhocametosettleinTrinidadin1784.

Heearnedthereputationforbeingabletocomposesongsinstantlyandwasabletogive‘picong’andincludesocialcommentaryaswell.Itisthen that the chant “le vrai”, Frenchmeaning ‘the truth’ came aboutleading towhatwecall today‘lavway’.So itwasaround the turnofthecentury,around1800,thattheartformofcalypsobegantodevelopfurtherwiththeotherplantationstryingtooutdoeachotherafterGros

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Jeanstartedtobecomewellknownforhissinging,encouragedbyhisplantation owner.

JONAS MOHAMMED BATH (1783-1838)

HewasaslaveatonetimeandanearlyMuslimleadertohisfellowWestAfricanMandingoslavesafterarrivingherearound1804.He

workedontheFortandconstructionofthefivemilewindingroadtoFortVigie,whichlaterbecameFortGeorge.Thedateofhisfreedomisunknown.HisknowndescendantstodayarefromtheSt.JamesandSt.Joseph areas.

JOHN JACOB THOMAS (1841-1889)

JohnJ.ThomaswasbornincentralTrinidadwhoattheageof17wasamong thefirst tobechosen tobe trainedas teachersandbecame

certifiedattheageof19.IntheareasofCouvaandSavonettawherehetaught he had to learn patois to be able to understand the children. He then wrote a book called The Theory and Practice of Creole Grammar, publishedin1869.

Thomaswasagreatinspirationtohispeopleinallhisareasofwork,be it as a teacher, a civil servant or an author and always encouraged raceprideamongAfro-Trinidadians.

HiscareerasacivilservantincludedtimeattheReceiver-General’soffice,1867-1870,SecretarytotheBoardofEducationandtheCollegeCouncil which governed QRC and St. Mary’s College, 1870-1879,and headmaster of the San Fernando Borough School, 1883-1885.Between1879and1883hecompletedanEnglishtranslationofP.G.L.Borde’sHistoiredel’iledelaTrinidadsouslegouvernementespagnol.ThomasalsomasteredFrench,Spanish,LatinandGreekonhisown.His last work was Froudacity(1889)inwhichhewroteagainstJamesA.Froude’searlierworkthatattackedpeopleofAfricandescentoftheWestIndies.

3

EMMANUEL MZUMBO LAZARE (1864-1929)

HewasoneoftheearlyfightersforIndependencewhowasalwaysseekingimprovementforallaroundhim.Mzumbo,whowaschristenedEmmanuel,gavehimselftheAfrican

nameatthetimewhenhewantedtoidentifywiththingsAfrican.As a boy he was a brilliant student who was very good at sports as

well, especially cricket and cycling.He wanted to become a lawyer and this he achieved, becoming the

firstpersontopassthelocalexaminationoftheLawSocietyIncorporatedofEngland.

In spite of his friendliness to all, he always had as his goal thebettermentandupliftmentofhispeople.HefoughtfortherecognitionofEmancipationDayasapublicholiday.

Itwasthroughthegroundworkheandotherslaidthatvotingrightscame about later.

MzumboLazarealsohadadistinguishedmilitarycareer.Fromearlyon he joined theVolunteerCorps andpressed for the formationof aTrinidadFieldArtilleryBrigade.AttheDiamondJubileecelebrationsin 1897, he was presented to QueenVictoria, who was exceedinglyimpressed by him and even invited him to dine at Windsor Castle.

He was also keen on agriculture and planted some of the bestorchards around his home in Diego Martin.

4

Colonial Governors

ANTONIO DE BERRIO (1520-1597)

TheSpanishgovernorofTrinidadfrom1592to1597duringwhichtimeheestablishedSt.Josephasourfirstcapital.HissonFernando

de Berrio(1578-1622)wasthegovernorofTrinidadfrom1597-1612,and1619-1622duringwhichtimehedevelopedTrinidad’sfirstoverseastrade, supplying Europe with tobacco.

JOSE MARIA CHACON (1749-1833)

He was the last Spanish Governor of Trinidad from 1783-1797,who had instructions from Spain to put in place measures for

the economicdevelopmentofTrinidad.Hisfirst tenyearshavebeencalledtheGoldenAgeofSpanishruleinTrinidadwherelandusewasapprovedforagricultureandtheSt.Ann’sRiverdiverted(nowtheDryRiver).Theprotectionofslaveswasalsoonhislistof‘todo’.Duringhisrule,Trinidaddidwelleconomicallyandthepopulationincreased.

RALPH JAMES WOODFORD (1784-1828)

Thefifteen yearsWoodford spent here (1813-1828) is the longestby any of the British Governors. Under him, a number of land

reclamationstookplaceandcontinuedafterhistime.He also bought the abandoned sugar estate, Paradise Estate, that is

nowtheQueen’sParkSavannahandlaid itout“for therecreationofthetownsfolkandforthepasturageofcattle.”HewenttoliveontheneighbouringHollandaisEstate,whichheboughtthesameyear,1817,renovatingtheestatehouse,whichhecalledStAnn’sCottage.Onthe

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landtoohecreatedtheBotanicGardenstobeautifyaroundthehouse.Afterthefireof1808itwasmainlyunderhimthatPort-of-Spainwas

rebuilthavinglovelyornamentaltreesplantedinwhatisnowWoodfordSquare. He was also responsible, as head of both theAnglican andCatholicchurchesfortheestablishmentofthetwobigcathedrals,theTrinityandtheImmaculateConception.Woodfordissaidtohavesidedwiththesugarplantersagainstmovestowardstheabolitionofslavery.

LORD HARRIS (GEORGE F. R. HARRIS) (1810-1872)

HarriswastheBritishGovernorofTrinidadfrom1846-1854whosenational contributions were very important to our development.In1849,heintroducedthewardsystemwhereTrinidadwasdivided

intowards,eachheadedbyawarden,replacingtheSpanishsystemofquarters.

In1851heintroducedfreeprimaryeducationinthewardschoolsas well as starting the Trinidad Public Library and an inland postalservice.Alsointhatyear,hestartedpipingwatertoPortofSpainfromthe Maraval River.

HealsogotthesugarindustrygoingagainbyformalisingthearrivalandsettlingofEastIndianlabourers,whohadbegunarrivingaftertheabolitionofAfricanslaverytoworkontheplantations.

HealsointroducedhorseracingattheQueen’sParkSavannah.LordHarrisSquareinPortofSpainandHarrisPromenadeinSan

Fernandoarenamedafterhim.

ARTHUR H. GORDON (1829-1912)

HewastheGovernorofTrinidadfrom1866-1870andhadalastingimpactonTrinidad.Hemademajorchangesinlanduse,education

andreligiousmatters.Intheareaoflanduseheallowedforthesaleofgovernmentlandstopersonswhopreviouslyhadtoturntosquatting.

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WILLIAM ROBINSON (1836-1912)

Hewas theBritishGovernorofTrinidad from1885-1888and thefirstGovernorofTrinidadandTobagofrom1889-1891.Duringhis

time,therewasadownturninthesugarindustryandhemadeeffortstoaddotherindustriestotheeconomysuchastheexportingofothercropslike citrus and bananas. He also introduced a steamship service around Trinidad,toTobagoandtoNewYork.HeledtheproceedingsfortheunionofTrinidadandTobagoin1889.

EDWARD BEETHAM (1905-1979)

Thelastof theBritishcolonialgovernors from1955-1960,hewasinchargeduring theperiodwhen the transfer tookplaceofT&T

changing to a full internal cabinet self-government. The BeethamHighwayandBeethamEstatearenamedafterhim.

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Our Nation’s Modern Leaders

SOLOMON HOCHOY (1905-1983)

Jamaica-born, he came to T&T as an infant and grew up inBlanchisseuse. He joined the Civil Service in 1927 andmoved up the ranks to

become a Labour Commissioner in 1949 until 1955 when he wasappointed as the Deputy Colonial Secretary and then Colonial Secretary 1956,apositionheheldforfouryears.

In1960,hebecameourlastGovernorbeforeIndependenceandthenourfirstGovernorGeneralwhenwegainedIndependencein1962.HeheldthepositionofGovernorGeneraluntil1972.

His wife, Lady Thelma Hochoy, was very devoted to children’scauses especially those who were mentally retarded, as they were referredtothen.Sheensuredthataspecialhomewassetupforsuchchildrenandin1961theLadyHochoyhomewasopened.ThisledtotheestablishmentofadditionalCentresinArima,GasparilloandPenaltocatertotheneedsoffamiliesinotherpartsofTrinidad.

ThereisacollectionofSirSolomonHochoy’smaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 1960KnightedbyTheQueenofEngland• 1969TrinityCross

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DR. ERIC E. WILLIAMS (1911-1981)

EricEustaceWilliamswasthesonofElisaandHenryWilliams.Hewas educated at Tranquillity Boys Government School, Queens

RoyalCollege (QRC) andOxfordUniversity (England).At the highschool level he played both football and cricket for the college, andwontheIslandScholarshiptoOxfordUniversity,excellinginHistory,Spanish,FrenchandLatin.AfootballinjuryatQRCledtoahearingproblemforwhichheworeahearingaidtocorrect.HewasateacheratQRCforashortwhilebeforeheadingofftoEnglandtoattendOxfordUniversitywhere he placed first in history and received his BA andDoctorofPhilosophy(PhD)degrees.In1939,hemigratedtotheUnitedStatestoteachatHowardUniversity.Hebecameawell-knownlecturerthere and organised several courses.

In 1948, he left Howard to head the Research Branch of theCaribbeanCommissionbutresignedin1955afterreturningtoTrinidadandTobagowherehebecamedeeplyinvolvedinpoliticsandwherehemadehisfirstmajorpoliticalspeech“MyRelationswiththeCaribbeanCommission”.Ayearlater,heformedthePeople’sNationalMovement(PNM),thepoliticalpartyofwhichhebecametheleaderuntilthetimeofhisdeath.InSeptemberof1956,thePNMwonthenationalelectionsandhebecamethechiefministerofthecountryfrom1956to1959,ourfirstpremierfrom1959to1962,andourfirstprimeministerfrom1962to1981.

Oftencalled the“Fatherof theNation”,duringhis termasPrimeMinister,WilliamsledTrinidadandTobagointotheFederationoftheWestIndies,toindependencewithintheCommonwealthin1962andtoRepublicstatusin1976.HediedonMarch29,1981whilehewasstillthe Prime Minister.

Therearemanycalypsoes that featuredDr.WilliamssuchasTheMighty Sparrow’s PAYE (Paye As You Earn) and Federation andCypher’sLastElection.

He wrote many articles and books on the Caribbean, education, and politics.Thefollowingaresomeofhiswritings:

Constitutional Reform in Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain:Teachers’EconomicandCulturalAssociation,PublicAffairsPamphlet,no. 2, 1955; Economics of Nationhood. Port of Spain: Government

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PrintingOffice,1959;History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago. Port ofSpain:PNMPublishing,1962;“SpeechonIndependence.”Nation, August31,1962;Capitalism and Slavery, 1964;British Historians and the West Indies.,1966;Britain and the West Indies.London:LongmansfortheUniversityofEssex,1969;Inward Hunger: The Education of a Prime Minister,1969;From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean, 1492-1969, 1970; The Chaguaramas Declaration. Port of Spain: PNM Publishing, 1970. Capitalism and Slavery has been translatedintoChinese,French,Italian,Japanese,Portuguese,Russianand Spanish.

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

Namedinhishonour:• EricWilliamsMedicalSciencesComplex• AnnualEricE.WilliamsMemorialLecture• EricWilliamsMemorialCollection,whichisincludedin UNESCO’sMemoryoftheWorldRegister• EricWilliamsCentenaryStampscollection,2011,inmemory ofhisbirth100yearsago.HewasawardedtheTrinityCross,posthumously,in2002.

ELLIS I. I. CLARKE (1917-2010)

SirEllisClarkeattendedSt.Mary’sCollege,LondonUniversityandGray’sInn,Englandwherehebecamealawyer.HewasthesecondGovernorGeneralofT&Tfrom1972to1976

andthenthefirstPresidentoftheRepublicofTrinidadandTobagofrom1976to1987.

NotlongafterhisreturntoTrinidadandTobago,hewascalledtotheBarandopenedaprivatepracticefrom1941-1954.Between1954and1962heheldseveralpostsintheColonialGovernment:SolicitorGeneral,deputy Colonial Secretary, Attorney General and Constitutional Adviser totheCabinet.AfterT&TattainedIndependence,hebecameaforeigndiplomat, holding numerous posts between 1962 to 1976, includingTrinidadandTobago’sPermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNations.

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EllisClarkewasinvolvedinthedraftconstitution,whichledtohisattendance at theMarlboroughHouseConference held inLondon in1962,justbeforeourIndependence.

1963KnighthoodbytheQueen1969TrinityCross

GEORGE M. CHAMBERS (1928-1997)

George Chambers was the 2nd Prime Minister of Trinidad andTobagofrom1981to1986.

His career toward becoming Prime Minister started as a Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Finance in 1966. From there he wenton to serve asMinister in theministries ofFinance, PublicUtilities,Housing,NationalSecurity,Education,Planning, Industry/Commerceand Agriculture.

He was appointed Prime Minister by then-President Ellis Clarke following the death of EricWilliams and led the PNM to victory inthe1981GeneralElections.Howeverin1986theNationalAllianceforReconstructioncameintopowerandheretiredfrompolitics.

ARTHUR N. R. ROBINSON (1926- )

He has held three of the highest public offices in Trinidad andTobago:ChairmanoftheTobagoHouseofAssembly1980-1986,

PrimeMinister1986-1991andPresident1990-2003.OneofTrinidadandTobago’smostdecoratedcitizens,especiallyin

thefieldofpolitics,heisknownasANRRobinsonorsimplyANRorRobbietotheaveragemaninthestreetinTrinidadandTobago.

During his many years in the political limelight during which he rose

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tobecomethecountry’sthirdPrimeMinisterin1986,ArthurNapoleonRaymond Robinson served with distinction, charisma and a clear vision forthefutureofTrinidadandTobagoandthewiderCaribbean.Itwasnot surprising therefore that in 1997 to capoff this brilliant politicalcareerinserviceofthepeopleofTrinidadandTobago,hewaselectedT&T’sthirdPresident.

His academic résumé ismost impressive stemming fromhis boyhooddaysinTobagoatCastaraMethodistSchoolandlaterasadoublescholarshipwinneratBishop’sHighSchool.HethenenrolledatLondonUniversityforhisBachelorofLawsdegreefollowedbyadmissiontotheInnerTempleandpassingthefinalBarexaminationsin1953.InthatyearhewasadmittedtoSt.John’sCollege,Oxford,whereheobtaineda Degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. He then returned home topracticeasaBarrister-at-Lawfrom1955to1961.

Hispoliticalrésuméisalsoimpressive.Between1956and1970,heservedinthehierarchyofthenewlyformedpoliticalpartyThePeople’sNationalMovement (PNM) that rose tobecome the rulingparty andwaselectedtotheFederalParliamentin1958andtotheTrinidadandTobagoParliamentasrepresentativeforTobagoin1961.HewasthefirstMinisterofFinanceafterIndependencein1962,andwasresponsiblefortherestructuringof thecountry’sfinancial institutionsand thereformof financial and monetary policy. Later on he became Trinidad andTobago’sMinisterofExternalAffairs.

In1971hesplitranksfromthePNMoveritsTobagopoliciesandledthestrugglefordecentralisationofauthoritytoTobago.Fromthento1985hebecametheleaderoftheTobagobasedDemocraticActionCongress (DAC).Hewas thefirstChairmanof theTobagoHouseofAssembly(THA)andafoundingmemberoftheNationalAllianceforReconstruction(NAR)whichheledfrom1986-1997andasitsleaderwas elected Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1986 toDecember1991.

AsPrimeMinister,Robinsonwasresponsibleforseveralregionalinitiatives,includingtheCaribbeanRegionalEconomicConference,theproposedCaribbeanCourtofAppealandtheWestIndianCommission.As the Minister of Finance and as Prime Minister he implementedeconomicandfinancialmeasureswhichhadapositive impacton thecountry’seconomyafteraperiodofdecline.

Many regional and international awards and accolades have been conferredonhim.In1987hewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofHonourfromCaliforniaLutheranUniversity.HehasalsobeenawardedaKnighthoodofHonour andofMeritbyanEcumenicalFoundationoftheKnightsofSt.Johnfor“exceptionalachievementsandunselfishsupport of humanity.”He is a Freeman of the cities of LosAngeles

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andThousandOaksandholdsVenezuela’shighestaward-theSimonBolivarAward. Robinson is the holder of two international awards:The Distinguished International Criminal Law Award of 1977 andtheDistinguishedHumanDevelopmentAwardof1983. HeholdsanHonoraryDegree of Civil Laws (DCL) from theObafemiAwolowoUniversity inNigeriaandonastatevisit there in1991hewasmadeChiefofIleIfebytheOoniofIfe.HeisanHonoraryFellowofSt.John’sCollege,Oxford,andhasbeenaVisitingScholartotheHarvardLawSchool.In1993hewasawardedtheOCC,theOrderoftheCaribbeanCommunity,fordistinguishedservicetotheregion.

He has represented Trinidad and Tobago at many internationalconferencesandattheUnitedNations.

HeistheauthorofThe New Frontier and the New Africa, and The Mechanics of Independence.Heco-authoredthearticleonTrinidadandTobago in the Encyclopedia Britannica and has published numerousarticlesandspeechesaselectionofwhichfrom1960to1986havebeenpublishedunderthetitleof“Caribbean Man.”

• 1997TrinityCross• 2011 Airport in Tobago renamed the A.N.R. Robinson

InternationalAirport.

BASDEO PANDAY (1933- )

BasdeoPandaywasborninSt.JuliennearPrincesTownandattendedschools in New Grant and St. Julien before gaining entry into

PresentationCollege,SanFernando.Hethenworkedasacaneweigher,primary school teacher and civil servant before attending universitywhereheobtaineddegreesinDrama(LondonSchoolofDramaticArt-1960),Law(Lincoln’sInn1962)andEconomics(LondonUniversity-1965).

Hishasbeenalifeofpoliticsandtradeunionismsince1966whenhebecameamemberoftheWorkersandFarmers’Party.Hewasalsoadvisor to various trade unions in his private practice as a lawyer and continuedhis struggle forworkers’ rightswhenhebecamePresidentGeneraloftheAllTrinidadSugarandGeneralWorkers’TradeUnion(ATS&GWTU)in1973.Hecontinuedtoserveinthispositionuntilhis

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risetobecomethecountry’s5thPrimeMinisterin1996until2000andits6thuntil2001whenhelostbyaPresidentialdecisionafteratieintheresultsoftheearlyelectionthathecalled.

HefirstenteredParliamentin1972asanOppositionSenator.LaterhebecameaMemberoftheHouseofRepresentativesandrepresentedtheconstituencyofCouvaNorthfrom1976until2010.Between1976and 2010, except of coursewhen hewas PrimeMinister, hewas atvarioustimestheLeaderoftheOpposition.

Hecampaignedinthe1976generalelectionasoneoftheleadersoftheUnitedLabourFront(ULF),winninghisfirstseatinParliamentastheMemberforCouvaNorth.

To contest the 1986 general election he joined forces withANRRobinson’s Democratic Action Congress, Karl Hudson-Phillips’OrganisationforNationalReconstructionandLloydBest’sTapiaHousetoformtheNAR(NationalAllianceforReconstruction).Theywonbyalandslide,33-3,replacingthePNMwithRobinsonbecomingPrimeMinister. Following that landslide victory he was made Minister ofExternalAffairsandInternationalTradebutdisharmonysetinandheleft the alliance in 1988 to formClub88 (Club forLove,Unity andBrotherhood), which evolved into a new party, the United NationalCongress (UNC). In 1992 their candidates won more seats in thatelection than the thenNAR, 13 of 36 seats nationally and improvedthisto17inthe1995Generalelections17-17-2.ItcouldnotformthemajorityinparliamenttoformtheCabinet,so,withthesupportofthetwo seats held by ANR Robinson and the NAR, Basdeo Panday was appointed Prime Minister.

Biographies/Books:---Basdeo Panday, the Making of a Prime Minister: Selected

Speeches(1966-1998)---AnEnigmaAnswered:AFirstVolumeofSpeeches ---ManintheMiddle:ASecondVolumeofSpeeches

NOOR HASSANALI (1918-2006)

HewaseducatedatNaparimaCollege,SanFernando,theUniversityofToronto,CanadaandatGraysInn,Englandwherehebecamea

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lawyer. Hewasthe2ndPresidentofT&Tfrom1987to1997.Hiscareerwasasfollows:Barrister-at-Lawinprivatepractice,1948-

1953;Magistrate,TrinidadandTobago,1953-1960;SeniorMagistrate,1960;SeniorCrownCounsel inAttorneyGeneral’sChambers,1960;AssistantSolicitorGeneral,1965;Judge,HighCourtofTrinidadandTobago,1966-1978;JusticeofAppeal,SupremeCourtofTrinidadandTobago,1978-1984;MasteroftheMoots,HughWoodingLawSchool,1985-1987;MemberofJudicialandLegalServiceCommission,1985-1987; Member, Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force CommissionsBoard,1985-1987;PresidentoftheRepublicofTrinidadandTobago,HeadofStateandCommander-in-ChiefoftheArmedForces.

Affiliations: Naparima CollegeAdministration Board,1948-1960;Member, Executive Council of the Trinidad and Tobago Red CrossSociety;Member,NationalExecutiveoftheScoutAssoc.ofTrinidadandTobago,1965-1987;President,ScoutAssociationofTrinidadandTobago,1975-1977.

Honours:Bronze“T”AthleticAwardoftheUniversityofToronto,1947;CertificateofHonourfromSanFernandoBoroughCouncil forcontribution to football of Skinner Park; Chief Scout, Republic ofTrinidadandTobago,1987.

In 2003 he published a book of his speeches entitled“Teaching Words”inconjunctionwiththeNapsCharitableFoundation.AsoneoftheMuslimfaithheneverallowedalcoholicbeveragestobeservedatanyfunctionsatPresident’sHouseduringhistwotermsinoffice.

• 1987TrinityCross

PATRICK MANNING (1946- )

PatrickAugustusMervynManningwas the fourthandsixthPrimeMinister of Trinidad andTobago, as well as the former Political

LeaderofthePeople’sNationalMovement(PNM).HeservedasPrimeMinister from December 1991 to November 1995 and again fromDecember2001untilMay2010.HewastheLeaderoftheOppositionfrom1986to1990andfrom1995to2001andthePoliticalLeaderofthePNMfrom1986to2010.

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Aqualifiedgeologist,ManninghasservedasMemberofParliamentfortheSanFernandoEastconstituencysince1971andisthelongest-servingmemberoftheHouseofRepresentatives.

HewasborninSanFernandoandreceivedhissecondaryeducationatPresentationCollege,SanFernando,andhisBachelor’sDegreefromtheUniversityoftheWestIndiesatMona,in1969.AftergraduationhereturnedtoTrinidadwhereheworkedasageologistforTexaco.

Between 1971 and 1978 he served as Parliamentary Secretaryin various Ministries before being appointed junior Minister in theMinistryofFinance. In1979hewasgiven theadditionalpositionofjuniorMinisterintheOfficeofthePrimeMinister.HealsoservedasMinisterof InformationandMinisterof IndustryandCommerceandMinisterofEnergyandNaturalResources.

• 2007:HonorarydoctoratefromMedgarEversCollege,CUNY• 2003:AwardedtheGuyanaInstituteforDemocracy “DemocracyPrize”• 2004:AwardedtheCaribbean-CentralAmericanAction’s “StaroftheCaribbeanAward”

GEORGE MAXWELL RICHARDS (1931- )

He is thefourthPresidentof theRepublicofTrinidadandTobagoandwasswornintoofficeonMarch17,2003.Achemicalengineer

by training,hebecamePrincipalof theSt.AugustineCampusof theUniversityoftheWestIndiesin1996.

HeattendedQueen’sRoyalCollegeinPortofSpain,theUniversitiesofManchesterandCambridge,England,wherehereceivedhisBEng,MEng and PhD degrees in chemical engineering.

Richardswasre-electedtoasecondfive-yeartermasPresidentin2008.

• 1977ChaconiaMedalGold• 2003TrinityCross

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KAMLA PERSAD-BISSESSAR (1952- )

Sheisthe7thPrimeMinisteroftheRepublicofTrinidadandTobagoandwas sworn in onMay 26, 2010 as the country’s first female

Prime Minister.Persad-Bissessar graduated from Iere High School and went on

to further her studies at theUniversity of theWest Indies,NorwoodTechnicalCollege(England,)andtheHughWoodingLawSchool.ShewasawardedaB.A.(Hons.),aDiplomainEducation,aB.A.ofLaws(Hons.) and a Legal Education Certificate. In 2006 she obtained anExecutiveMastersinBusinessAdministration(EMBA)fromtheArthurLokJackGraduateSchoolofBusiness,Trinidad.

On completion of her studies,Mrs. Persad-Bissessar entered theteachingprofession.WhileinEnglandpursuingstudies,sheworkedasasocialworkerwiththeChurchofEnglandChildren’sSocietyofLondon.She taught at the St. Andrew High School in Kingston, Jamaica and at the Mona Campus in Jamaica. Later, she taught at the St. Augustine campusoftheUniversityoftheWestIndiesinTrinidad.

In 1987,Persad-Bissessar entered thepoliticalworld.From1987until1991,sheservedasanaldermanforSt.PatrickCountyCouncil.RepresentingtheUnitedNationalCongressinOpposition,shetooktheOathofAllegianceatasittingoftheSenateonNovember1,1994.Since1995 she has been theMember ofParliament forSiparia, serving asAttorneyGeneral,MinisterofLegalAffairsandMinisterofEducation.

Herascenttotheleadershipofthepoliticalparty,theUnitedNationalCongress(UNC)andsubsequentlytobecomethePrimeMinisterofT&TisanamazingstoryallofwhichisdocumentedinthebooksThroughthePoliticalGlassCeilingbyKrisRampersad(2010);Kamla:AscentofaWoman,byRhonaBaptiste(2010)andKamla:TrinidadandTobago’sFirst Woman Prime Minister (2011JustinJoseph/Hansib).

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Agriculture

NAZEER AHAMAD (1932- )

Guyana-born ProfessorNazeerAhmad enjoyedwide internationalrecognitionforhisworkinTropicalSoilScienceandtraveledto

over85countriesoftheworldasaconsultantandadvisorinsoilandland use problems.Hewas awarded the Inter-American Institute forCooperationinAgriculture(IICA)GoldMedalforhiscontributiontoresearch in Soil Science in the Caribbean and Latin American Region.

EmeritusProfessor ofSoil Scienceof theUniversity of theWestIndies, he is credited with having improved research and teachingfacilities and he developed a postgraduate school of research in SoilScience.HebuiltasophisticatedSoilScienceDepartmentthatequalledthose in developed countries andwas the sole or joint supervisor ofapproximatelyonehundredresearchstudentswhoarenowworkinginmanycountriesoftheworld.

In1961,AhmadacceptedapositionasLecturerinSoilScienceathisalmamater,nowtheFacultyofScienceandAgriculture,UniversityoftheWestIndiesinTrinidad.HewaspromotedtoSeniorLecturerin1965 and in 1969he becameProfessor ofSoil Science andHeadoftheDepartmentofSoilScience.Ashemovedthrough theUniversityranks,heworkedtirelesslytoimproveresearchandteachingfacilitiesand developed postgraduate research in this specialised discipline. He wasverysuccessfulinobtainingresearchgrantsfrommanysourcestosupporthisworkandthatofhisstudentsandcolleagues.

Hepublishedover200scientificarticlesincludingseveralchaptersin books and authored or co-authored three books on Soil Science.

Hehasinspiredhundredsofstudentsovertheyears.

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STEPHEN BENNETT (1922-2011)

A veterinarian,heisrecognisedforhisdevelopingthemeatandmilkproducingbuffalonamedthebuffalypso,andinlocalhorseracing.DrBennettwas the son ofOliver “Penlyn” (O. P. Bennett, of horseracingfamealso).HewasawardedtheChaconiaMedalSilverin1984.

FRANCIS COPE (1913 -2004)

England-born,FrancisCopeisnotedforhisworkinthe1950sonthebreedingofcocoaplantsandforhis trainingofcocoaplanters in

T&TandthroughouttheCaribbean. Hisdiscoveriesledtoimprovedbreedingtechniques,whichincreasedcropyieldsandhelpedtoadvancethe cocoa industry worldwide.

He received his Master of Science (MSc) in Botany from theUniversity of London in 1945 and represented the Caribbean at theworld’sfirstCocoaConferenceinLondonthatsameyear.

Copestartedhiscareerin1936asajuniorbotanistforcocoaresearchattheImperialCollegeofTropicalAgriculture(ICTA)inTrinidad.

By1962hewasteachingplantbreedingandthebotanyoftropicalcropsattheFacultyofAgriculture,UWI.Generationsofplantbreederswereintroducedtothesubjectandtrainedbyhim.AtUWIheeditedthe TropicalAgriculture journal for many years. He was appointedProfessor of Botany and was the first Head of the Department ofBiologicalSciences.Whenheretiredin1973,hewasgiventhetitleofProfessorEmeritus.

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JULIAN DUNCAN (1933- )

Born in St. Vincent, Professor Julian Duncan has lectured at theUWIDepartmentofLifeSciences for over35years.Duringhis

time at theUniversity, his areas of research included plant anatomy,floweringplantreproductivebiology,andplanttissueculture,inwhichhe pioneered research in Trinidad and Tobago. He has taught manystudentswhohavealsodoneimportantresearchpapersonsomeofthecropsgrowninT&T.

His early research work focused on the problems affecting theCaribbean namely the effect of witches broom, a disease affectingcocoa;thedestructionofmitesontheDoubleChaconia;anddiseasesofthe sweet potato plant.

He has written many articles in international, regional and local journals,seminarproceedingsandbooksonlocalplantsandplanttissueculture.

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 2002NIHERSTLifetimeAchievementAward

WILLIAM FREEMAN (1909-1988)

Born in England, he pursued his studies at the University ofLondon and at Cambridge University, where he gained first

class honours degrees inBotany.After that he did one year of post-graduate training at Cambridge and another year of training at theImperialCollegeofTropicalAgriculture(ICTA),wherehedidapaperbased on cocoa.

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He settled with his wife and three children in Trinidad in1954, taking up the post ofTutor inCropHusbandry at the EasternCaribbeanFarm Institute, later called theEasternCaribbean InstituteofAgricultureandForestry.Hisareasofexpertiseweretropicalcrops,fieldexperimentation,soils,botany,pestsanddiseases.In1956hethentookupthepostofResearchOfficerwiththeCocoaBoardinTrinidad,where he bred improved cuttings and hybrid seedlings and conducted otherminorexperimentalwork.

Heprovidedtrainingandassistancetotheyoungerprofessionalstaffof theCocoaResearchDivision andmade huge contributions to thebreedinganddevelopmentofcocoabetween1960and1984.Hisworkindevelopingoneoftheworld’sthreemostsuccessfulvarietiesofcocoa,theTrinidadSelectHybrid(TSH)spannedmanydecadesandcontinuedwell into his retirement.Eight of theTSHcocoavarieties developedby Freeman are grown for resale (TSH730, 919, 1076, 1095, 1102,1104,1188,1220).Thesevarieties“possesshighyieldingpotentialofover1000kgperhectare,largebeansize,excellentfineflavourstatusandresistancetoCeratocystiswiltandWitchesBroomdiseases”.Heiscreditedforintroducinghighdensityplantingsystemsforcocoa.

OnceanactivememberoftheHorticulturalSocietyofTrinidadandTobago,hewashonouredbytheAgriculturalSocietyofTrinidadandTobagoandtheUniversityoftheWestIndies,whichnamedastreetonitscompoundafterhim.

• 1991ChaconiaGoldMedal.

FREDRICK HARDY (1889-1977)

England-born, he was one of the top scientists in the field ofagriculture and agricultural science. He conducted soil test and

surveyreportsforTrinidadandTobagoandasuccessfulCaribbean-widesoilsurvey.HealsoeducatedhundredsofstudentsoverthreedecadesandplayedamajorpartinestablishingtheinstitutionthatlaterbecametheFacultyofAgricultureofTheUniversityoftheWestIndies(UWI).

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GEORGE MOON SAMMY (1922- 1986)

ProfessorGeorgeMoonSammywasachemistandaneducatorwhoestablished higher education and training in food technology in

TrinidadandTobagointhelate1960s.HewasthefirstPh.D.graduatefromtheUniversityoftheWestIndies(UWI),St.Augustinein1970.He became well known and highly respected in the agricultural sector inTrinidadandTobagoandtheCaribbean.Hisworkonthepreservationof local producewas evidenceof his dedication to ensuring regionalfood security and agricultural sustainability. His dedication to foodandtechnologyadvancementandresearchledtotheestablishmentoftheCaribbean Institute ofFoodScience andTechnology. In 1976hereceivedtheHummingbirdMedalGoldandin1988hewasawardedtheChaconia Medal Gold.

JOHN SPENCE (1929- )

Professor John Spence has made important contributions as aspokespersonforagricultureintheSenateofTrinidadandTobago,

as a university lecturer, a researcher and administrator, and a producer ofcitrus.

He attended Queen’s Royal College and later the University ofBristolandtheUniversityofCambridge.

Hecontributedtothedevelopmentofdwarfpigeonpeavarietiesthatcould be harvested mechanically. He showed that rooted sweet potato leaves could produce tubers and received aGuggenheim Fellowshipto pursue physiological studies on rooted leaves. His research work is recordedinover50scientificpublications.

Hiscareerspans44yearsofdedicatedservice toagriculturaland

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scientificbodies.Heworkedasaplantpathologist in theMinistryofAgriculture,lecturer,andprofessorofbotanyanddeanoftheFacultyofAgriculture,theUniversityoftheWestIndies(UWI),St.Augustine.HeheadedtheCocoaResearchUnit(CRU)afterretirementfromUWIin1989.HeiscreditedwithrestoringtheCRUintoaninternationallyrecognisedcentreofexcellence,holdingtheworld’slargestcollectionofcocoa varieties and making important contributions to the world cocoa industry.

• 1980ChaconiaMedalGold• 1990FellowoftheCaribbeanAcademyofScience• 2000NIHERSTLifetimeAchievementAward(2000)

LAWRENCE A. WILSON (1934- )

ProfessorEmeritusLawrenceWilsonisinternationallyrecognisedforadvancingknowledgeofthephysiology,agronomyandpost-harvest

biologyoftropicalrootcrops.HeintroducedmanynewteachingandresearchprogrammesthatledtotherecognitionoftheUniversityoftheWestIndies(UWI),St.Augustineasacentreofexcellenceinagriculture.

He attended San Juan Government and Nelson Street Boys R.C. PrimarySchools,St.Mary’sCollege,UniversityCollegeof theWestIndies (UCWI) and obtained his Ph.D. in Plant Physiology from theUniversityofBristol.

HejoinedtheMinistryofAgriculturein1964andconductedresearchonmineralnutritionofvegetableandtreecrops.Hedevisedafertilisermanagementsystemforfarmersandahydroponicsystemusingcoconutfibre“dust”andslowreleasefertilisers,whichgaveveryhighyieldsoftuber crops and vegetables.

In1967,hebeganlecturinginplantphysiology/biochemistryattheFaculty ofAgriculture,UWI.He led theRootCrop Programme thatconducted critical research on tuberous crop biology including early growthandtuberisation,methodsforselectingelitecultivarsofyamsandsweetpotato,andmethodsforextendingdormancyinyamsforupto9months.Some70jointpublicationswereproducedasaresult.

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He was appointed Professor of Crop Science (1975) and servedas faculty dean from 1981-1984 and 1988-1994. He establishedpostgraduatetrainingprogrammesinfoodandnutritionandtheDistanceEducationTeachingProgrammeinAgricultureandRuralDevelopment.He introduced theCaribbeanAgricultural Extension Programme, theContinuingEducationProgrammeinAgriculturalTechnologyandtheCertificateProgrammeinAgriculture.

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Business

GEORGE ALSTON (1854-1918)

In 1881, he started the firm Geo R.Alston and Company, a smallbusinessthatdealtinbuyingandexportoflocalproduce,particularlycocoa.Hewassoonjoinedinpartnershipbyhisbrother,LouisAlstonand byArthurWright in 1887. By 1919 he had formed a group ofcompaniesincludingT&T’sfirstmatchcompany,Alston’sShippingandTrinidadClayProductsLimited.LatercametheCaribbeanDevelopmentCompanyLtd,thebrewingcompanyofourworldfamousCaribbeer.

ETHELBERT ‘MEG’ BATTOO (1904-1980)

ThenameBattoo is associatedwith the vehicle rental and funeralhome businesses. Battoo’s Funeral Home was established in the

mid 1940s byEthelbert ‘Meg’Battoo,whobecame amortician, andEdward‘Del’Battoo inPortofSpain. It thenmergedwithJ.HaynesClarkFuneralHome,whichbeganoperationsinthe1880s,thusformingClarkandBattooLimited. ‘BattooBrothers’ alreadyhada trucking,taxiandlimousine,theagencyfortheMercedesBenzvehiclesbeforebuying out J. Haynes Clark.

JOSE MARIA BERMUDEZ

TheBermudezfamilycametoTrinidadfromVenezuelain1923andbeganmaking‘watercrackers’nowknownasCrixattheirfactory.

ThecompanywasfoundedbyJoseMariaBermudezin1923underthenameBermudezBiscuitFactory atParkStreet,Port ofSpain. In the1930s the company began distributing its products directly to retailoutletsnationwide.Theybeganwithabakingcapacityof360biscuitsperminute. In those days the ovenswere fired bywood.With time,the wood system gave way to gas connections and the baking capacity

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increasedgreatly.AnemptyCrixtinpanisapopularnoise-makingiteminjabjabmas.

KARL BOOS

J.N.Harriman&CompanyLimitedisoneoftheoldestbusinessfirmsinTrinidadandTobagooriginallyownedbyCharlesHugon,aFrench

immigrant.Harriman’sbecamea registeredcompany in1873,and in1885 itwaspurchasedbyKarlBoos. In1920CarlA.Boos,his son,acquiredthecompanyfromhisfather,andfurtherdevelopedHarriman’sinterestsintheagency/distributionbusiness,shippingandagriculture.FollowinggenerationsaddedandchangedthefocusofthebusinessbutJ. N. Harriman is today still in operation.

ERNEST CANNING

AfterbeingtrainedinthegroceryandprovisiontradeinLondon,hearrivedinTrinidadaround1903.Forthenexttenyearsheworked

inthegrocery-departmentofStephen’sLimited,PortofSpain.In1913,he established his own grocery, Canning and Company. He later began bottling wine, vinegar and oils and, in 1938, he got the Coca-Colafranchise.

JOSEPH CHARLES (1910-1965)

JosephCharleswasbornSerjardMuckmadeen.Hemovedfrombeingabakeryemployeetoowningasmall“sweetdrink”factoryonPatna

Street inSt. James in 1941which he bought as ‘Rajnauth’sBottlingFactory’ and renamed JosephCharlesAeratedWaterBottlingWorks,leading to thestartof thepopular ‘Solo’ softdrink.The factory latermovedtopremisesacrossfromtheQueen’sParkOvalandin1960toitspresent location in El Socorro.

Solo is associated with Mr. Solo, the boat and Solo Harmonites and Solo Pan Knights, the steelbands.

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MARCUS AND REGINALD DAVIS, SARAN TEELUCKSINGH

(1889-1952), GOKOOL MEAH

(1848-1940), TIMOTHY ROODAL

(1884-1952)

Thesefivemenwerethepioneersinthecinemaindustry(fromaround1911intothe1930s).MarcusandReginaldDavisbuilttheLondon

Electric Theatre in 1911 on French Street in Woodbrook (renamedAstor in the 1930’swhen bought byRoodal).Teelucksingh built thefirstcinemaatCouvain1916andalsotookthesilentfilmsatthetimearound the country showing them in tents in remote villages. Meah built theMetroCinemain1933whichwaslaterrenamedGlobe(hehadalsoearlierbuilttheHajiGokoolMeahMosqueonWesternMainRoad,St.James).RoodalbuilttheRoxyCinemain1934;healsobuilttheGaietyCinemainSanFernando.Helaterownedachainofcinemas.

YLDEFONSO DE LIMA (1861-1927)

Venezuelan-born, he migrated to Trinidad in 1884 and in 1885establishedYdeLimaandCompany.Thiswasatfirstageneral

store selling household goods but he later specialised in the jewelrybusiness.

CYRIL DUPREY (1897-1988)

In1936hefoundedColonialLifeInsuranceCompany,thefirstlocallyowned insurance business and in 1958, Colonial Fire Insurance.Today, the main company of the group is CLICO. In 1977 he wasawardedtheChaconiaMedalGoldandin1988,theTrinityCross.

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WILLIAM GORDON (1848-1923)

and GEORGE GRANT

Togetherthesetwomenformed,inthelaterpartofthe19th century, thecompanyofGordonGrant that todaystillownsbusinesses in

a number of industries.Gordonwas one of the firstmembers of theTrinidadChamberofCommerce,servingasitsPresidentformanyyearsbetween1888and1918.HebuiltashishometheKnowsleyBuildingwhichislocatedaroundtheQueen’sParkSavannah.

GEDDES GRANT (1866-1934)

He started T. Geddes Grant Limited in Port of Spain in 1900,becomingthelocalagentofmanyCanadianfirms.Grantwasalso

activeinreligiouscirclesasanElderatGreyfriarsChurchofScotlandinPortofSpainforsomethirtyyears.

CHANG HONG WING (About 1870-1929)

HearrivedinTrinidadfromChinain1904andstartedinbusinesssellinggeneralgoodsandlatercoal.By1921hesetupHongWing

coffee at Prince Street, Port-of-Spain which today is a well-knownand established family-owned and run coffee-making business (4th generation).

GEORGE F. HUGGINS (1870-1941)

Earlyinthesettingupofhisbusinesses,Hugginsboughtasteamshipagencyandasugarcompany,establishingGeoF.Hugginsin1895.

Hewasoneofthepioneersofthecitrusindustryandthefirstpresident

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of theCo-operativeCitrusGrowersAssociation.He also served as aMemberoftheLegislativeCouncilfrom1925to1927.

SHEIK MOHAMMED (S. M.) JALEEL (1895-1977)

HewasthefounderofS.M.JaleelLimitedin1924whichstartedasJaleelBottlingWorks. Itsoonbecamepopular for its ‘RedSpot’

softdrinkandtodayproducestheChubbyBrand,andotherpopularsoftdrinks,someofwhicharesoldinternationally.

IBRAHIM KHAN

HefoundedK.C.ConfectioneryLimitedin1922inCouva.K.C.hasgrowntobecomeaworld-wideexporterofitsfamoussweets.

ISHMAEL M. KHAN (1907-1980)

Althoughstartingoffasageneralgoodsbusinessmanhe followedtheleadofthenowdefunctMuirMarshallinthebusinessofbook

selling.His“Independence”storeactuallywasopenedinPortofSpainon IndependenceDay1962and today the IshmaelM.Khanchainofstoresisoneofthemajorbooksellersinthecountry.

KEWAL K. MAHARAJ (1920- 2009)

FounderofMarajandSonsJewellersLimited.

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CHARLES MASSY (1897-1968)

and HENRY NEAL

(1875-1963)

These two men combined to form Neal and Massy EngineeringCompanyLimitedin1932,nowoneof the largestconglomerates

in the country.

CHARLES McENEARNEY

He formed Charles McEnearney & Company, now McEnearneyMotors.Thecompanyhasexpandedintoseveralotherbusinesses

including, electrical and household appliances, assembly of motorvehicles and appliances, business equipment and office systems. In1969,thecompaniesofAlstonandMcEnearneymerged.TheybecamepartoftheAnsaMcAlgroup.

RAHAMUT(1866-1941)

He was a businessman and cricket sponsor, born in India around1866. He arrived in Trinidad in 1872. He earned his living

traveling throughoutTrinidadsellinghisgoodsandby theageof18,he had earned enough money to buy a property in High Street, San Fernandowhereheopenedadrygoodsstore.Thiswasthebeginningof theRahamutGroupofCompaniesconsistingofRamcoGas,RahamutService Stations Limited and Rahamut Enterprises Limited. He was also thesponsoroftheRahamutCricketcompetition:in1920,hedonatedtheCupwhichwasthetopprizeinSouthTrinidadforoverthirtyyears.

B. H. ROSE (BERNARD HAYWARD) (1881-1953)

Rose,fromEngland,arrivedherein1919.Afteryearsworkinginthefurnitureindustry,heformedhisownfactory,BHRoseLimited,

in1935.

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ABDOU YUSSUF SABGA (1898-1985)

He, alongwith his father, Syrian-bornJoseph Isaac Sabga, were the pioneers of the local Syrian-Lebanese business community.

Manyhavefollowedintheirfootstepsestablishingvariousnichesforthemselves in business. Along with the Sabga names some others are the Aboud, Elias, Moses, Hadeed and Fakoory families, who haveestablished themselves invariousbusinesses suchas fabric, clothing,buildingsuppliesandsewingmaterials.TheANSA-MCALgrouphasevolvedintooneofthelargestgroupofcompaniesintheWestIndiesinvolved in many businesses such as newspaper, printing, insurance, banking and car sales.

EDUARDO SA GOMES (1893-1955)

BorninPortugal,hearrivedinTrinidadin1916.Oneofhisfirstjobswas as the manager of the PortugueseAssociation. In 1930, he

started Sa Gomes Radio Emporium and also built a reputation as the top calypsopromoterinTrinidadandTobago,sendingcalypsonianstotheUnitedStatestorecordfortheAmericanRecordCorporation.In1938,he established his own local recording studio.

NORMAN SAMAROO (1920-2011)

Likemostotherbusinessmen,hestartedoffingeneralgoodsbutlaterfoundhisareaofspecialtyinthesupplyofCarnivalmaterials,soon

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becoming thenumberonesupplierofmaterials formakingcostumesand growing to the point of supplying Trinidad and Tobago-styledcarnivals around the world.

W. H. SCOTT (WILLIAM HENRY) (1885-1972)

Hestartedoff inbusiness in1905withabakeryonPrinceStreet,PortofSpainandlatersetupagrocery.In1924,hestartedWilliam

H.ScottLimitedinPortofSpainwhichincludedahardwaresectionaswell as a grocery. Years later it became a hardware store only.

CARLOS, LUIS AND ALFREDO SIEGERT

Their father J. G. B. Siegert (1796-1870), aGerman, founded hisfamilyfirmmanufacturing ‘Dr. Siegert’sAromaticBitters’ in the

townofAngostura,Venezuela,in1824.Afterhisdeath,hissonsCarlos,AlfredoandLuisSiegertdecidedin1875torelocatethefirminTrinidadbecause of political turmoil inVenezuela.The three brothers boughtWoodbrookEstateandturneditintoahousingsettlementaround1900;threestreetstherestillbeartheirnamestoday(Carlos,LuisandAlfredoStreets).AngosturaBitters is known all over theworld asTrinidad’smost famousmanufacturedproduct. In 1985,Angostura received theHummingbird Gold Medal.

CONRAD STOLLMEYER (1813-1904)

He was a pioneer in the asphalt industry, German-born, who arrived inTrinidad in1845.He is thegreat-grandfatherofnoted

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cricketerJeffreyStollmeyer.Inthe1850sand1860s,heshippedasphalttoEngland. Stollmeyer believed that the properway tomake use ofTrinidad’s petroleum resources was to distill oil from asphalt ratherthan to drill for oil. From 1888, the threemajor parties involved inexploitingTrinidad’sasphaltwerethegovernment,StollmeyerandtheTrinidadLakeAsphaltCompany.HewasalsoadirectorofTrinidad’sfirst telephonecompanyaswell asa large shareholder in theelectriccompany.Hisson,CharlesF.Stollmeyer,builtStollmeyer’sCastle,oneofthemagnificentsevenbuildingsaroundtheQueen’sParkSavannah.

ASGARALLI SYNE

In1910,Synestartedthefirstbusservice(thebuswascalledAlbion),fromSipariatoSanFernandoandsometimestoSt.Jamesinspiteofgenerallypoorroadconditionsatthattime.ThevillagewherehelivedinSipariaisnamedafterhim,SyneVillage.

LOUIS JAY (L. J.) WILLIAMS (1897-1968)

In 1938, he established L.J. Williams Marketing Company, usingexcellentadvertisingmethods,thefirsttodosoonradioduringthe

cricketmatchbetweentheM.C.C.andT&Tin1935.

LOWELL YEREX

Hewas the founderofBWIA(BritishWest IndianAirways),nowCaribbeanAirlines,in1940.

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Community and Social Work

LADY THELMA E. HOCHOY (1910-2010)

ShewasthewifeofTrinidadandTobago’sfirstGovernorGeneral,SirSolomonHochoy,whosemaininterestwasinsocialwelfare,and

workedtirelesslyinsupportoftheLadyHochoyHomeandothersocialandreligiousprojects.UnabletomaintainherformerhomeatAlcazarStreet,Port-of-Spain,shegaveittotheCarmelitenuns.LadyHochoywas the recipientof several internationalawards, includingone fromthePope.ShewasnominatedfortheTrinityCrossbuthumblydeclined.

AUDREY JEFFERS (1896-1968)

Audrey Jeffers was born inWoodbrook and attendedTranquillityGirls’ School. Shewas a pioneering giant in thefield of social

work fromaveryyoungage, tirelesslyseeking thebettermentof theunderprivileged, the elderly, the blind, homeless, dispossessed and downtrodden,particularlyinPortofSpainanditsenvirons.

Justbefore theoutbreakofWorldWar1, she setoff forEnglandtostudysocialscienceatAlexanderCollege,NorthFinchley,London.WiththeonsetofthewarshebecameinvolvedwithandservedamongtheWestAfrican troops,developingherorganising skillsby formingaWestAfricanSoldiers’fund,mobilisingfinancialcontributionsfromfellowWestIndiansinLondon.

Uponher returnhome in1920, sheopeneda juniorschoolat thefamily’s home,Briarsend, catering to underprivileged childrenwhile

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developing a reputation as an excellent and respected teacher andadministrator.

In 1921, she formed the Coterie of Social Workers, effectivelyextendinghersocialconscienceintotheareaofsocialwelfarewithagroupoflike-mindedyoungladieswholeheartedlysupportedbytheirparentsfortheworktheyweredoingintheircommunities.Formanyyears‘Briarsend’servedastheheadquartersoftheCoterieandthehubformeetings,andsocialeventssuchasbazaarsanddanceswithAudreyJeffersasthededicateddrivingforce.

Sheproceededtoinitiateandestablish‘BreakfastCentres’(1926),providinghungryschoolchildrenwithadailymeal,thefirstoftheseatWarnerStreetinNewtown,whichbecameknownasaBreakfastShed.EdwardStreetbecamethemainBreakfastCentreandsuppliedtheotherbrancheswhichwere set up inBarataria, San Fernando, Siparia andTobago.ShealsoplayedthemajorandpivotalrolesinthesettingupofaWorkingmen’s’diningshedonSouthQuay,aMother’sDaycelebrationmovement (1927), St.Mary’sHome (1928) and in 1929 representedT&TinLondonattheNationalCouncilofWomenoftheEmpire.Goingbeyond the scopeof providing to children in need, she extendedherconcernstotheneedsoftheaged,theblindandyoungworkingwomenandfamiliesindistresswithbabiesinneedofdaycare.Totheseends“CiprianiHouse”, in John John, Laventille,was set up, followed byothers,includinghostelsforyoungworkingwomen.

In1936shewasswepttovictoryasthefirstwomantobeelectedto the city council, putting her in a position, as a politician, to better championhercauses.In1941shewasappointedtothevotingFranchiseCommissionandin1946appointedasthefirstwomantotheLegislativeCouncil where she served until 1956. In 1947 she was again in thenationalforefront,thistimeontheConstitutionalReformCommittee.SheservedasourhonoraryConsulforLiberia.

ForherdedicationintheareaofsocialwelfareshewasawardedtheOBE(OrderoftheBritishEmpire)in1959.TheForeshore/MucurapoHighway as well as theAudrey Jeffers School for the Deaf in SanFernandowerebothnamedinherhonour.

• 1969ChaconiaMedalGold

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CHRISTINA LEWIS (1919-1974)

Shewasahardworkingactivistandsocialworkeronbehalfofwomen.ShestagedthefirstInternationalWomen’sDayCelebrationin1958

andcampaignedforpre-andpost-natalclinicsthroughoutthecountry.Shealsoattendedthe5thCongressofWomen’sInternationalDemocraticFederationinChinain1958.

RHONDA MAINGOT (1946- )

In 1981, she founded, alongwith Rose Jackman, the LivingWaterCommunity, a resting place for the needy and homeless. She was

awardedtheHummingBirdGoldMedalin1986andwastheExpressindividualoftheyearin1987.

DOON PANDIT (1900-1958)

He was a Hindu pundit and community leader who became well known forhisguru-likequalities and inperforminghealingmiracles.A

book, Doon Pandit, His Life and Times,documentshiscontributions.In1949hewasawardedanMBEbytheKingofEngland.Healsoreceived

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other awards such as in 2004when theArimaBoroughCorporationrecognisedhisworkforcommunitydevelopmentandculture.

CLIVE PANTIN (1933- )

HewastheprincipalofFatimaCollegeformanyyearsandbecametheMinister ofEducation in 1986 until 1991,when he founded

Feel,theFoundationfortheEnhancementandEnrichmentofLife.

FR. GERARD (GERRY) PANTIN (1928- )

Originally,FatherGerardPantinplannedtobeadoctor,andachievedaB.Sc.(Honours)inChemistry,BiochemistryandBotany.Butin

hiswords, “beingadoctor, I couldhealonly thebody; as apriest, Icouldhealtheinnerselvesofmypeople”.

He obtained a Diploma in Education, a Diploma in Philosophy and a License in Theology.After his ordination, he taught at St.Mary’sCollegeinthe1960s.

Itwasduringthe1970BlackPowerriotsinTrinidadthatFr.Pantinbecamedeterminedtofightpovertyandempowermarginalisedpeople.He started his work in Laventille, along with Wes Hall, and this was thebeginningoftheorganisationServol(ServiceVolunteeredforAll).Servol today has over 85 child care centres and some 20 adolescentdevelopment centres and its work has been recognised internationally.

• 1980–ExpressIndividualoftheYear• 1987–HonoraryDegree,DuquesneUniversity• 1990–HonoraryDegree,UniversityoftheWestIndies• 1994–AlternativeNobelPrize• 1995–TrinityCross

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BELVIDIARA E. MARESSE-PAUL(1838-1900)

A journalistandeducatorandhersonEdgar L. V. Maresse-Smith (1861-1905)alawyer,wereveryinvolvedinfightingforequality

and the political rights of women and against injustice towards themasses.

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Culture and the Arts

AUBREY C. ADAMS (1919-2007)

Aubrey Adams received his training in theater arts at Columbia University,NewYork,andstudiedcreativearts inGermanyand

France.Asachoreographer,hewasoneofTrinidad&Tobago’sleadingdirectors/producers of musical plays, pageants, and Carnival showsfromthe1960sthroughthe1990s.HeservedasartisticdirectoroftheTrinidad Folk Performing Company, and chairman of the The LittleCaribTheatre.Hewas thefirstCaribbeanproducer tohavehisworkpresented at theRoyal FestivalHall in London, England.He servedasculturaladvisortotheGovernmentofTrinidadandTobagoandtheUnitedNationsandinhislateryearsservedasChairmanEmeritusoftheLittleCaribTheatre.

TheTrinidadFolkPerformingCompanywasfamousforits“DancetheBele”and“Ambakaila,”thethemeofAdams’productionthatexposedthecultureofthecountrytotheworld.Adamstooktheproductionto33majorcitiesintheUSAandCanada,theRoyalFestivalHallinLondonandtoBroadwayinNewYork.Theproductionfeaturedfolk,limbo,andArawak/Caribritualdancing,calypsoandsteelbandmusic.In1980attheinvitationoftheUN,theTrinidadFolkPerformingCompanyperformedattheHumanRightsConcertattheUNGeneralAssemblyHallinNewYork in front of 150 country representatives.Also in 1980 the showwent to the White House during the Jimmy Carter administration and wasthemainfeatureintheAnnualMacy’sThanksgivingDayParade.

He organised gala cultural events for the governmenton state occasions. One was especially done for the lateIndian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, entitled “Namastay”. HewasthefirstpresidentoftheNationalDanceAssociation,amemberofthefirstCarnivalDevelopmentCommittee(CDC)andproduceditsfirstDimancheGrasshowin1958anditsfirstChildren’sCarnival.

In1974hewasmadeaUNCulturalConsultantandlecturedontheartformsofT&TatseminarsinIndiaandattendedWorldCulturalSeminarsin Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. He also participated in culturalseminarsin1999and2000inCuba.In1999hewashonoured

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bytheLittleCaribTheatre,thePOSCityCorporation,theRedCrossSocietyandlaterreceivedaSunshineFriendoftheArtsAward.

• 1970PublicServiceMedalofMeritBronze• 1989ChaconiaMedalSilver

JOHN AGITATION (1927- )

Ramjattan “JohnAgitation” “Agi”Ramdeen is thegrandmasterofCaribbean comedy and is part of Trini folklore.As a comedian

and storyteller, he worked for more than five decades to preserveTrinbagonianandCaribbeanfolklorethroughcomedicstorytelling.

HeisagraduateoftheProgressiveEducationalInstituteandservedintheTrinidadandTobagoCivilServiceformanyyears.

In1951,at24,RamdeenwasintroducedtotheTrinbagoniannationalaudience by Landy de Montbrun, a leading local comic at the time. Fromthere,AgitationbecamearegularonRadioTrinidad,particularlythe Horace James Comedy Hour Sunday Serenade and the Aunty Kay Children’sShow.HeperformedinmanyvenuesinTrinidadandTobagoastheheadlineperformer,oftentosold-outshows.

• 1993SUNSHINEAwardforContributiontoCaribbeanArt, Comedy, Dance, Drama, Music and Poetry• 2003HummingbirdMedalSilver

M. P. ALLADIN (1919-1980)

MahmoudPharoukAlladinwasoneoftheleadingartistsformanyyears,andwaswell-knowninternationallyinthefieldofArtand

ArtEducation.Hegothisinspirationfromthesimplevillagefolk-their

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joysandsorrowsaswellastheirlaboursandcustoms.HewasDirectorofCulture in theMinistryofEducationandCulture for anumberofyears.Hewasalsoapoet,sculptor,writerandbroadcaster.Since1944hisworkshavebeenshowninmixedandone-manexhibitionslocally,inBritain,Spain,theUnitedStates,Canada,SãoPauloandtheCaribbeanregion. He is represented in collections in several countries. He was the recipientofmanyprizesandawardsforhisartandcraftproductsandorganisationalwork.Heproducedaseriesofresearchpapersonlocalfolklore,oraltradition,chants,dancesandmusic.Thesestillremainoneoftheleadingsourcesforreferencematerial.HewasPresidentoftheTrinidadArtSocietyformanyyearsandaninfluentialteacherandrolemodeltomany.In1969hereceivedtheMedalofMeritGold.

RAYMOND “ATILLA THE HUN” QUEVEDO (1892-1962)

Educated at St.Mary’s College,Atilla began singing in public in1911and,betweentheearly1940sand1950s,sangattheOriginal

OldBrigadeTent.Hewas thefirst calypsonian to hold public officewhen hewas elected to the Port-of-Spain City Council in 1946. Hewas later elected to represent East St. George County in the Legislative Council in1950.ThemelodyofAtilla’s“CalypsoBehindTheWall”waspopularisedbyAmericansingerHarryBelafontewhorecordeditas“JumpInTheLine.”HewasoneofthepioneersinspreadingawarenessofcalyspobeyonditsbirthplaceofTrinidadandTobago.Healsoco-authored Attila’sKaiso:AShortHistoryofTrinidadCalypso published in1983.There isacollectionofhismaterialat theWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 1972MedalofMeritGold

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WINNIFRED ATWELL (1914-1983)

Shewasoneofthebestpianistsintheworldinhertimeandabroad.Sheattainedmuchgloryforherperformances.Sheisremembered

locallyforteamingupwiththethenPanAmJetNorthStarssteelbandtogiveaseriesofconcertsinTrinidadcalledIvoryandSteel.In1969shereceived the Humming Bird Gold Medal.

EDWIN “CRAZY” AYOUNG (1944- )

Hepioneeredtheparangsocaformofmusicandalsoplayedaleadingroleinpromotingchutneymusicsoca.Crazywasthefirstartistto

singaparangsocahitin1978(calledParangSoca)andisalsoamongthefirsttosingacrossoverChutneySoca,NaniWine,abighitin1989.

SHEIK MOHAMMED (S. M.) AZIZ (1905-1963)

A skilledmandolinandclarinetplayer,hewasoneoftheearlypeoplewho formedEastIndianbands(SMAzizOrchestra).AnotherwasNazeer MohammedwhoformedTheNayaZamanaOrchestraandhadwell known singer Taran Persad in their group. Narsalo Ramaya, a topviolinistplayer, tookover the leadership in lateryears fromSMAziz.TheearlyeraofIndianorchestramusicwouldhavegivenriseandencouragedthevarioussingingartformssuchasghazalsandthumriesandseentheriseofsuchsingersasFakeer Mohammed, Phiramat, AH Jan, Bel Bagai, Henry Dindial, Yusuf Khan, Ramdhanie Sharma, K. B. Singh, Isaac Yankaran, James Ramsawak, Noor Jehan,

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Haniff Mohammed, Mayodeen Ackbarali, Aziz Khan and Sampson Radhay.

GEORGE BAILEY (1935-1970)

Fromayoungage,Baileydevelopedalovefordrawing,painting,andsculptingunder theguidanceofM.P.Alladin, the renowned local

artist.Hewas also anoutstanding athlete, in track andfield, playingbasketball with theWoodbrook Limers and the Trinidad & Tobagonationalteam.HebeganhisCarnivalcareerbydesigningforInvadersSteelband in1954and1955, then formedhisownbandwithbrotherAlbertandafewothersassociates.

“Sir George”, so nicknamed due to his personality and the highstandard of his art, captured six “Band of the Year” titles. Duringhis fifteen years involved as a Carnival bandleader, George Bailey’spresentationswonthecovetedBandoftheYearAwardin1957,1959,1960,1961,1962,and1969andthePeople’sChoiceAwardtentimesin1957,1959,1960,1961,1962,1966,1967,1968,1969and1970.

Onecanonlyimaginethenumberoftitleshewouldhaveaddedtohistallyhadhenotpassedawayatsuchayoungagein1970.

TheMighty Sparrow in his calypso ‘Memories’ recalls: “GeorgeBailey,I’llalwaysremember,jumpingwhenahbigbandpass,playingbigmas…”

Carnival 2010 sawa returnof the spirit of the genius of the lateWoodbrook-bornandbredGeorge“SirGeorge”Bailey,viatheStephenDerekandAssociatesproducedband“CallthatGeorge”,a15-sectionpresentation, each named and designed after bands produced byBailey.

BaileywascreditedforchangingperceptionsofAfrica,history,andCarnivalitselfdepictinginsteadaregalheritage,portrayingmagnificent,meticulously researched African costumes instead of a past largelyportrayedinmasbeforethatbytheuseofrags,paintandspears.

Band of the Year Titles: 1957 Back to Africa; 1959 Relics ofEgypt; 1960 Ye Saga of Merrie England; 1961 Byzantine Glory;1962SomewhereinNewGuinea;1969BrightAfrica.

• 1962:WhenTrinidadandTobagogainedIndependencehewas

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amember of theCommittee that designed the emblems for the newnation.

• 1969:HummingBirdMedalSilver

LIONEL ‘LANKY’ BELASCO (Around 1880-1955)

Lionel Belasco was one of the pioneers in the recording of T&Tmusic. He was a musician, composer and calypso entrepreneur.Heplayedthepianotoaccompanytheearlysilentfilmsshownin

Trinidadfrom1911.HecopyrightedseveralhundredWestIndiansongs,andmademany

recordingsfrom1914onward.Healsoproducedmusicfordancesandconcert audiences in the Caribbean and the Americas and in Europe. He wasoneofthoseresponsibleforpromotingcalypsooutsideofTrinidadandTobagoandhelpingcalypsonianstorecordinNewYorkwhenhemigratedtotheUSA.

WAYNE BERKELY (1940-2011)

Belmont’sWayneBerkeleyfirstattractednationalattentionin1965when he designed the costume for the winner of the Jaycee’s

CarnivalQueencontest.Fromaveryearlyage,helovedtodrawandpaint, winning a children’s Commonwealth-wide competition.Whileattending StMary’s College, like somany ofT&T’s young creativemindsofhisgeneration,hewasinfluencedbytherenownedartistMPAlladin.As amas designer and bandleader, his focuswas always toportray and represent the spirit of Carnival, the creation of fantasycostumes sticking to his philosophy that carnival costume designing is

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likepoetryandstorytellingand thatCarnivalwasa street fête,albeitcreative,beautiful,wellorganised,punctualandorderly.

In1973heburstontothescenewiththefirstofhisninewinningBandof theYearproductions,Secretsof theSky (alongwithBobbyAmmon).Hisothereightwinningproductionscamefromatotalof18bandsspanning1973to1997.Hehadsixconsecutivevictoriesfrom1989to1994,surpassingGeorgeBailey’srecordwinsfrom1959-1963.He placed second on five occasions and third on three. In 1998, hedesignedyetanotherwinner—Amaranth:TheSecretGarden,thistimeforbandleaderEarlPatterson.

Berkeley was by no means only a Carnival designer; he was indemandfurtherafieldasatheatricalandcommercialdesigner.In2000,hesufferedastrokeonhisrightside(his“writing/drawing”side)butresumeddrawingwithhislefthandthoughonamuchsmallerscale.TohonourandrecognisehisworkstheHeritageLibrarydivisionofNALIShostedaCarnivalprogrammeandexhibitiontitled“TheEvolutionofCostumeDesign:TheContributionofWayneBerkeley1965to2010.”AtNALISonecanfindacollectionofhisoriginalcostumedrawingsfromhis‘Mas’producingcareer.Itspanstheperiod1966-2000.

• 1974:HummingBirdGoldMedal

PAT BISHOP (1941-2011)

Pat Bishop was one of Trinidad and Tobago’s best known artistsand cultural people known for showing us off to theworld. She

wasabusinessexecutive,painter,musician, lecturer,historian,mediacommentator,choreographer,fashiondesigner,andevensangwiththeEsso Tripoli steelband. She arrangedmusic or conducted for manysteelbandsincludingFonclaire,Birdsong,SkiffleBunch,DesperadoesSteelOrchestra,TrinidadAllStars,PhaseII,andRenegades;performedwith Desperadoes at Carnegie Hall, New York, Brooklyn Academy ofMusic and thePhiladelphiaAcademyofMusic. She also directedmusicfor theMorneDiabloFolkPerformingCompany,workedwithDaisyVoisin’sLaDivinaPastoraParangGroupanddirectedtheLydianSingersformanyyears.In1994shewasgivenanhonorarydoctorate

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byUWI,receivedtheHummingbirdGoldMedalin1986andtheTrinityCrossin1995.

JOSE AND IGNACIO BODU

Two Venezuelan-born brothers who organised the first sponsoredCarnivalcompetitionsinPortofSpain.Ignaciowasalsoinvolved

inmunicipalpoliticsintheearly1900’swhileJosewastheauthorofTrinidadianawhichwaspublishedin1897,abouttheeventsandpeopleinTrinidadfrom1797to1897.

HUGH BORDE (1933- )

An important person in the spread of the steelband outside ofTrinidad and Tobago through his involvement with the Tripoli

Steelbandfrom1962whenhewasselectedtoleadtheT&TNationalSteelbandattheCommonwealthArtsFestivalinGreatBritain.HewentontoperformtohugeadoringcrowdsattheWorld’sFair(Expo‘67)inMontreal, Canada.

From here, he performedwith Liberace on a two-year tour. Thebandlaterrecordedthealbum“LiberacePresentstheTrinidadTripoliSteelBand”whichwonaU.S.GrammyAwardin1972.Tripolitouredwith entertainer Sergio Franchi and played at Carnegie Hall, RadioCityMusicHall,and theHollywoodBowl.ThebandalsoperformedalongsidelegendssuchasFrankSinatra,SammyDavis,Jr.,BobHope,Della Reese, and Dionne Warwick, and appeared on television shows hostedbyEdSullivan,MikeDouglas,andDavidFrost.In1976,BordemigratedtotheUSA,wherehecontinuestoperform.Hereceivedthe1971HummingBirdMedalBronzeandisintheCaribbeanSunshineAwardsHallofFameandMotownDetroitMetroMusicAwardsHallofFame.

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LORD BRYNER (KADE SIMON) 1937-1980

KadeSimonakaLordBrynerwasapopularcalypsonianfromthelate1950’stothe1970’swho,likethefamousAmericanscreenactor,

YulBrynner,performedwithhisheadshaved.HemovedtoJamaicatojoin theWest IndiesRegimentwhich functioned from1958until theearly1960swhentherewasaWestIndiesFederation.HeperformedinJamaicaforawhilebeforereturningtoTrinidadafterthecollapseofthe

Federation.InAugust1962,hewonthespecialcalypsocompetitionthatwasheldtocelebratetheindependenceofTrinidad&Tobago.Hiswinningcalypsowasentitled“ThisLandisMine”.Herearesomeofthewords:

Peopleonlytalkingbuttheyreallydon’tknow What’sthepropermeaningforTrinidadandTobago Cipriani start the ball rolling Now the Doctor doing the bowling SowehaveUncleErictoperformarealhattrick. Because this is your land, just as well as my land This is your place and also it is my place So let us put our heads together Andlivelikeonehappyfamily Democratically, educationally, We’llbeindependently. 31st of August, Independence 1962,Independence Will go down in history for everyone of you Forget racialism and nationalism too Let discipline, production, and Tolerance guide us through Independence Conscientiously, Independence And constitutionally, Independence Forget all this lousy rumor about racial equality

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If you are an East Indian and you want to be an African Justshaveyourheadlikeme Thentheycan’tproveyournationality

Onatleastoneofhiscalypsoes,BobMarleywasabackupchorussinger.

PATRICK S. CASTAGNE (1916-2000)

CastagneiswellknownasthecomposerofTrinidadandTobago’snational anthem. But he also composed famous calypsoes and

songssuchasTheIceman,1960(Calypso-LordMelody),KissMeforChristmas(sungbyKelwynHutcheon);NimbleLikeKimble;Hyarima:ACaribbeanRhapsody;AnOrchidforYou;HappyBirthdayMomandMy Easter Bunny. In the 1950s he hosted pre-Carnival “DimancheGras”shows.

ThethemesongGoodnightusedformanyyearsasthesign-onandsign-offsignalbyRadioTrinidad610wasalsocomposedbyhim.

HealsoservedasadiplomatassignedtotheTrinidadandTobagoEmbassy in England. While in England, he worked with the BBC in airingWestIndiantalentonaweeklyradioshow.

He even wrote a book on how to dance to calypso music, using himself and his wife as models for the many pictures that showedcalypso dancing steps.

• 1979ChaconiaMedalGold• MemberoftheBritishEmpire(MBE)

PAUL CASTILLO

During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s especially, Paul Castillo wasanimportantfigureinthesportingandparangworldinT&T.He

had a competition in cricket called the Castillo League and in parang organisedmanyshows,keepingalivethemusicofparangatChristmas.HereceivedtheHummingbirdMedalSilverin1998.

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MICHEL JEAN CAZABON (1813 –1888)

ItisforhispaintingsaboutthingsTrinidadianthatheiswellknown.He has had showings of his paintings throughout theWest IndiesandinEurope.Throughhisworks,CazabonopenedawindowonlifeinnineteenthcenturyTrinidad.Hethoughtofhimselfasa‘landscapepainter’. In 1851 and 1857 two books of his paintings of Trinidadlandscapeswereproduced inParis.TodayT&ThasAdrian Camps-Campinswhocontinuestocreateworksofartinhisattemptstopreserveour rich history.

CARLISLE CHANG (1921- 2001)

CarlisleChangwasborn inSan Juan and educated atTranquillityGovernmentSchool,WashingtonSchoolofArt,NewYorkInstitute

of Photography, LCC Central School of Arts and Crafts, London,EnglandandtheInstitutoStataled’ArteforCeramics,Faenza,Italy.

He was encouraged by his mother and his older sister Beryl in his fascinationwiththeartworld.

Throughouta60-yearcareer inart,ChangwasamuralandeaselpainteraswellasadesignerforCarnival,theatreandballet.Hewasevenaphotographerandhandicraftmanufacturer.AsadesignerofCarnivalcostumes,Changwonthedesigner’sprizeseveraltimes.Someofhisdesigns have been depicted on national postage stamps. Chang rose to fame in1958whenhedesigned theCoatofArmsfor theshort-livedFederationoftheWestIndies.HefollowedthisbydesigningtheCoatofArmsforTrinidad&Tobagowhenitbecameanindependentcountryin1962.Hewasalsotheleaderofasub-committeethatdesignedtheFlag

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andinsigniaofTrinidad&Tobago.Changalsosculptedsomeofthemostinfluentialworksofpublicart

inTrinidadandTobago.Hismuralsinclude“TheInherentNobilityofMan”,“Conquerabia”andahostofotherslocatedattheCentralBankand City Hall.

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 1969-HummingBirdMedalSilver• 2001-LifetimeAchievementAwardfromtheNationalCarnival Bands Association• 2006Hispiece“NobilityofMan”featuredonapostagestamp

RUDOLPH CHARLES (1938-1985)

Rudolph Valentino Charles, also known as “The Hammer”, wasborn in Laventille and gained respect and admiration as a steelpan

innovator,tunerandcommunityleader.HewastheleaderoftheWestIndianTobaccoDesperadoessteelorchestrafrom1961to1985.HewasveryactiveinthefightforbetterrecognitionofsteelpanplayersandwasthesubjectofDavidRudder’sfamouscalypsoTheHammer.

Heiscreditedwithintroducingthe9-basssteelpan,therocketpan,the12basssteelpan,thequadraphonicpanandthetriplesecondwithfootbass.Healsochangedtheappearanceofthesteelband,replacingtheoilpaintsofthefiftiesandsixtieswithsilverchrome.

Intributetohisoutstandingcontributions,PanTrinbagohascreatedtheRudolphCharlesAwardforInnovationinthecreationofsteelpans.

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PATRICK ‘PAT’ W. CHU FOON (1932-1998)

Patrick‘Pat’WarsingChuFoonattendedRosaryBoys’RCSchool,Tranquillity Intermediate School, University of the Americas,

Mexico(B.A.,FineandAppliedArts,1967)andAcademiaSanCarlos,UniversidadNationaldeMexico.

In 1963, he won the Hemisphere Scholarship and attended theUniversityoftheAmericas.HewasthefirstTrinidadianartisttoexhibitwork at the International Salon, Museum of FineArts, Mexico. HereturnedtoTrinidadin1968andworkedattheMinistryofCultureuntil1988.From1962to1991,heheldseveralsoloexhibitsabroadandinTrinidad.Healsoheldthreeexhibitionswithhiswife,LisaHenryChuFoon,in1986,1988,and1990.HecreatedastatueofthefamousIndianstatesmanMahatma Gandhi which went on display in 1969 at KewPlaceinPort-of-Spain.Probablyhismostpopularsculptureisthestatueof calypsonianLordKitchenerwhichwasmounted in1994oppositetheoldRoxyTheatre,atthewesternendofWoodbrook/easternendofSt. James.

Other works: Spirit of Hope, Corner Dundonald and Richmond Streets, Port of Spain,Tribute to the Steelband Movement,TamarindSquare,PortofSpain,5th World Netball Series,JeanPierreComplex,PortofSpain,Mother and Child, Mount Hope Hospital, Mount Hope, Mural, Riverside Plaza, Port of Spain,Claude Noel, ISCOTT, PointLisas.

• 1979TrinidadArtSocietyAwardforSculpture• 1983HummingbirdMedalSilver• 2006His piece “Mother and Child” is featured on a postage

stamp

ALFREDO CODALLO (1913-1970)

HeisconsideredapioneerinthefieldofT&T’sfolkloreartandisfamousforhispaintingssuchastheDouen,Soucouyant,PapaBois,

LagahouandLaDiablesse.Hisvariedworks (includingphotography

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andstorytelling)leftuswithmanyimagesofT&Tlifelongagoashispaintingsalsofeaturedthepeople,placesandmanyotheraspectsofthefolkcultureofTrinidadandTobago.AbookAlfredo Codallo - Artist andFolkloristwrittenbyHollyGayadeenwaspublished in1983. Inkeepingwithhisloveofourcultureandhisartistictalent,hebroughtamasbandin1967FairyTaleswithsectionsandcharactersasCinderella,Alladin, PapaBois,MamaGlo, pixies, gnomes, leprechauns, douensand soucouyants.

EDRIC CONNOR (1913-1968)

Mayaro-born Edric Connor was a baritone singer and an actor and can be celebrated as one of the top singers fromTrinidad

andTobago.FromhisbaseinEnglandin1951hewasresponsibleforbringingtheTrinidadAllSteelPercussionOrchestra-TASPO-totheFestivalofBritian.Heactedinatotalof18filmsandwasnotedforhisrole as Daggoo in MobyDick(1956).Anannualawardnamedafterhim,theEdricConnor InspirationAward, ismade annually in his honourintheScreenNationFilm&TVAwardsandwaswonin2011bySirTrevorMacDonaldOBE.There is also theEdricConnorTrailblazerAward,ofwhichanotablewinnerin2003wasRudolphWalker.Therewas an autobiography Horizons, The Life and Times of Edric Connor 1913-1968andthereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

ALVIN DANIELL(1943- )

He is a composer, television presenter on cultural events, and has served as a judge for calypso competitions, pan competitions, national

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andCaribbean song festivals and various other cultural competitionsinTrinidadand throughout theCaribbean.DaniellhasalsoservedaschairmanoftheCopyrightOrganisationofTrinidadandTobagofrom1995to1999.Healsoservedasaco-producerof themovieCalypsoDreams. Between1992and2000heproducedandpresentedweeklythepopular local program Calypso Showcase on national television station, TTT,whichfeaturedinterviews,videoclipsandalivecallinsegmentoftopcalypsonians.Healsoproducesmusicdesignedforsteelbands.In1995hewasawardedtheHummingBirdMedalSilver.

CHAMPA DEVI/FATIMA RAHIM (1923-2001)

Along with Alice Jan,shewasoneoftheearliestandmostpopularofEastIndiandancerswhosemajorimpactwasthefactthatmany

youngdancersfollowedinherstyleofdancing.HerpopularityservedtoraiseinterestintheartofEastIndiandancing.

WINSFORD ‘JOKER’ DEVINE (1943- )

Having attended Morne Diablo R.C. School and San FernandoTechnical College, the young Devine was first exposed to the

steelbandandgrewintoaself-taughtmusician.Hewentontocomposemore than500calypsoesduringacareer that spannedover30years,beginninginthe1970s.Nicknamedthe“Joker,”hewasthesongwritermostsoughtafterbythepopularcalypsonians.Althoughconfinedtoawheelchairaftersufferingastrokein1998,DevinecontinuedtowritethelyricsandmusicformanycalypsoesincludingmanyfortheMighty

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Sparrow - Rope; Capitalism Gone Mad; Phillip My Dear; Saltfish;Marajhin; Survival; Queen of the Bands;MissMary;We Pass ThatStage; IDiggin’Horrors;WineBack;Sailing;LondonBridge;Baron-Feeling It; Jammer;LoveandCherish theWoman. In1988hewasawarded the Humming Bird Medal Silver.

WALTER DOUGLAS (1895-1977)

A calypsonian of the 1920s and 30s, hewas said to be the first toorganiseacalypsotentinPortofSpain.

THORA DUMBELL (1924- )

Known mainly as a dancer and dance teacher, Dumbell has also been a tireless fundraiser through performances for the blind,

the deaf and the underprivileged in general. She started her schoolof dance in 1950 which she operated until 1978. She has been ajudge at children’s carnival shows and Easter bonnet parades; shehas organised carnival queen shows; with Beryl McBurnie, sheonce organised a rally of 6,000 children at theOval in 1966 for theQueen’svisit;thenforIndiraGhandiandagainforthePopein1985. Shehasappearedintwomovies:atage8inaBritishmovieandatage11intheWarnerBrothersmovie“NewFacesof1936”.ShedancedattheopeningofQueen’sHall50yearsago, in1959. In1978shewasawarded the Humming Bird Medal Gold.

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SEL DUNCAN (1924-1983)

Inthefieldofmusic,especiallydancemusicback in the1950sand1960’s,Selwyth(Sel)DuncanandhisorchestrawasahouseholdnameinT&T.Hewaswellknownforhisaltosaxplayingskill.In1972hereceivedthePublicServiceofMeritSilverMedal.MusicianslikeJohn “Buddy Williams, Syl Dopson, Clarence Curvan, Choy Aming, Fitz Vaughn Bryan, Ed Watson, Ray Sylvester, Frankie Francis, Watty Watkins, Mano Marcellin, and still active today Joey Lewis, were thosefromtheearlyeraofthegoldenmusicera.

FELIX EDINBOROUGH (1943- )

HeiscreditedwithrevivingthedyingartoftheCarnivalcharacterthePierrotGrenadeandperformsatmanyshowsespeciallyaround

Carnival time.

JULIA EDWARDS (1933- )

SheisrecognisedasTrinidadandTobago’slimbodancepioneer.HerearlydancingwaswithBoscoeandGeoffreyHolder.Butafterthey

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leftT&T,shestartedherowndancetroupe,theJuliaEdwardsDanceGroup. Her dancerswere recruited to appear in the 1957Americanmovie “Fire Down Below”. She was credited with introducing theflaminglimboin1959whensheincludeditinaperformancetomarktheopeningofQueen’sHall.Edwards’dancegrouphasappearedonvariousstagesthroughouttheworld.ShelaterappearedonthefamousEd Sullivan Show where she held a wide television audience spellbound.

JuliadescribesthelimboasTrinidadandTobago’sonlytruenationaldance,originallyperformedatwakesforninenights.Onthefirstnight,the barwould be at its lowest andwould be raised each night.Thismeanttherisingofthesoulfromitslowestlevelsonearthtothehighestin heaven.

The film Julia and Joyce by Sonja Dumas, captures the lives ofEdwardsandJoyceKirton,alsoadancepioneerandfounderandleaderoftheLesEnfantsDanceGroup.

• 1991HummingBirdMedalGold• 2003St.JamesCommunityImprovementCommittee’sHonoree

JACOB D. ELDER (1913-2003)

Tobago-born, he was a noted anthropologist, author, educator, and cultural advocate forTrinidad andTobago.Dr. Elder’s extensive

researchon thehistoryofkalinda,pan,calypso,andotheraspectsofCarnival, as well as steel bands, the Yoruba religion and Caribbean folktalesisanimportantsourceofreference.HeservedasMinisterofCultureandEducationforTobagoandasconsultanttotheMinistryofYouth,Sport,Culture,andCreativeArtsforthegovernmentofTrinidadandTobago.HismanyworksincludeSong Games from Trinidad and Tobago; From Congo Drum to Steelband: A Socio-historical Account of the Emergence and Evolution of the Trinidad Steel Orchestra, Lopinot, a Historical Account and FolksongsfromTobago:CultureandSonginTobago.In1981hewasawardedtheHummingBirdMedalGold.

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DENZIL “DIMES” FERNANDEZ (1944- )

Denzil “Dimes” Fernandez has been a steelpan innovator, tunerand educator for over 50 years.He pioneered theBoremethod,

which produces steelpans with greater tonal range and clearer, longer notes.HeusedthistechniquetocreatetheBorePan,Panzer,DuoBorePan,UBass/DenPan,BoreReedPan,andtheBore-ReedCelloPan.Internationally,heservedas the tunerforsevenbands inWashingtonD.C.between1991and1999,theWorldMissionsSteelOrchestra(1992),aswellastheKawaguchiHighSchool(1995-1999)andtheSupersonicSteelDrumAcademy(1997-1999)inJapan.HetaughtpanconstructiontechniquesforthePanRisingCompanyinJapan,andin2000,hetaughtpanconstructionandtuninginAmsterdam,Holland.FernandeztravelsthroughoutEurope,JapanandtheUnitedStatessharinghisskills.

ROSALIND GABRIEL (1948- )

RosalindGabrielhaskepttheartofmasnearanddeartoherheartformanyayear,ensuringthatthechildrenofT&Tareexposedtothe

pureformofmasquerading.Shehasproducedprize-winningchildrens’/kiddiesmasforthepast30+yearsandisconsideredthematriarchinthefield.Herpresentationfor2012portrayedacelebrationofour50th Anniversary of Independence, and was entitled 50Years Gold. ShereceivedtheHummingBirdBronzeMedalin2007.

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PHILIP “LORD EXECUTOR” GARCIA (Around 1880-1952)

Lord Executor (Philip Garcia) was one of the calypso pioneersresponsibleforthespreadofEnglishlanguagecalypso(insteadof

patois)inTrinidadintheearly1900s.HerecordedfortheDeccalabelinNewYorkinthelate‘30s.Hewasfamousforsingingabouttheeventsofthetimes.

GEORGE ‘ SONNY’ GODDARD (1924-1988)

His involvement in steelbands began in 1941 joining the firststeelband,Alexander’sRagtimeBand.Forthenext40yearshewas

oneofthemostinfluentialpersonsinthedevelopmentofthesteelbandinT&Tasaplayer,adviser,administrator,managerandstatesman.Hisbook FortyYearsInTheSteelbands,1939-1979, is a classic and is used bymanyasareferencesource.In1988hewasawardedtheHummingBird Medal Gold.

EDMUND HART (1923- ) and LIL HART (1930-1991)

LegendarycoupleofmasEdmundandLilHartcapturedatotalof5BandoftheYeartitlesandproducedsome32bandsbetween1961

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and1992.TodaytheHarts’BandistheoldestsurvivingoneinTrinidadandTobago,inthelargebandcategory,over50years!

Lil Hart is credited as being the creative designer who made history comealiveinherportrayals.Fortheir50th year celebrations the children of Edmund and LilHart chose to revisit their past and honour theirparentsin2010byportrayinghistoricbandtitleswithsectionswithintheband.Thebandsawmanyofthemasqueradersofthepastreturningto take part in the celebrations along with their children, grandchildren and even some great grandchildren.

BandoftheYearTitles:1966-PlayingCards;1970–Inferno;1983-Mas,SweetMas;1986-IslandsintheSun;1988-OutofThisWorld.

• 1973HummingBirdGoldMedal

OU EDWIN HING WAN (1932-1976)

Mayaro-born and raised, he attended Mayaro Roman Catholic School,TranquillityIntermediateSchoolandlaterQueen’sRoyal

College(1945).Paralysedatanearlyageandconfinedtoawheelchair,hewasabletoregainpartialuseofhisrighthandandcontinuedtopaint,whathealwaysloveddoing.FromthatemergedsomeofthemostbrilliantpaintingsbyaT&Twatercolourartist.Hissubjectswerethebeaches,riversandruralscenesofMayaro,ManzanillaandGuayaguayare,butparticularlycoconuttrees,depictedineveryvariationoflight.In1975HingWan mounted his only one-person exhibition, at the NationalMuseumandArtGallery.In1976hewasawardedtheChaconiaMedalSilverandin2006hiswork“GuayaguayareBeach”wasfeaturedonapostage stamp.

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BOSCOE HOLDER (1921-2007)

BoscoeHolderattendedTranquillityIntermediateSchoolandQueensRoyalCollegeandshowedfromanearlyagehislovefordrawing,

painting and piano playing, which his parents encouraged.Foroversixdecadeshewasamulti-talentedartist,apainter,dancer,

choreographer, pianist, dance instructor and costume designer.As early as 1947 he taught Caribbean dance at the Katherine

DunhamSchool inNewYork and had his paintings exhibited at 8thStreet galleries.

Duringhismore active years, he formeddancegroups andheldproductionsbasedonthetraditionaldances,songs,andmusicofT&Tsuch as shango, bongo and bélé.

Between1950and1970hewasmainlybasedinLondon,Englandwhere he had his dance group, Boscoe Holder and his Caribbean Dancers;presentedhisowntelevisionshow,BalCreole,whichairedonBBC television and through which he introduced steelpan to England. His dance group toured many countries including Finland, Sweden,Belgium,France,Spain,Czechoslovakia,Italy,MonteCarloandEgypt.HealsoperformedwiththelegendaryJosephineBaker.In1953atthecoronationofQueenElizabethIIhiscompanywasselectedtoperform.

In1970,hereturnedtoTrinidadwithhiswifeSheila,alsoadancerandfocusedmainlyonhispaintingswithannualexhibitions.Hisworkhas been exhibited all over the Caribbean and around the world. In2000theyopenedBoscoe’sArtGalleryinNewtown,Port-ofSpaintowelcome the millennium.

• 1973:HummingBirdMedalGold• 1978:Venezuelangovernment,theFranciscoDeMirandaaward• 1983: May 22, Boscoe Holder and Geoffrey Holder Day,

Washington DC; 1990: InternationalVoluntary Service (IVS)AwardAlongwithhisbrotherGeoffrey,WashingtonDC

• 2003: Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters (DLitt) by theUniversityoftheWestIndies.

• 2004:PostageChristmasseriesofstampsfeaturingsixofhispaintings.

Biography:Boscoe HolderByGeoffreyMacLean(1994)

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FREDERICK “HOUDINI” WILMOTH (1885-1973)

Hisfirstrecordingwasmadein1927andhecontinuedsingingandrecordinguntilthe1940s.Herecordedalargenumberofcalypsoes

andwasoneofthefewearlycalypsonianstoenjoysuccessfinancially.“Arimatonight,SangreGrandetomorrownight”isthepopularchorusofoneofhiswell-knowncalypsoes.

RUPERT “LORD INVADER” W. GRANT (1914-1961)

SanFernando-born, he became active in calypso in themid-1930sandwentontogaininternationalfamewithhiscalypsoRumand

Coca Cola which was made even more popular by the Andrews Sisters. He competed inmany calypso competitions (including the very firstCalypsoKingcompetition)andrecordedforRCABluebirdandDeccalabelsalongwithothertopcalypsoniansoftheday.

JOYCE KIRTON

JoyceKirtonisknownforherimportantroleinthedevelopmentoflocalfolkdanceeducationespeciallyinsouthernTrinidad.Asfounderand

leaderoftheLesEnfantsdancegroup,Kirtonhasbeenresponsiblenotonlyforinstructingproperdancetechniquetogenerationsofaspiringdancers, but has passed on to her students the history and philosophy behind suchAfrican-inspired dances as the bele and the saraca. Herdancecompanycelebratesits50thanniversaryin2012.ThefilmJuliaandJoyce,bySonjaDumas,isabouttwopioneersinlocaldance,Joyce

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KirtonandJuliaEdwards,founderoftheJuliaEdwardsDanceGroup.ShereceivedtheHummingBirdMedalGoldin1993.

FREDDIE KISSOON (1933- )

He foundedTheStrollingPlayersTheatreCompanyback in1957and has been active throughout the years as an actor, director,

drama teacher and playwright. He received the Humming Bird Silver Medalin1987.

ALDWYN ROBERTS (LORD KITCHENER) (1922-2000)

Aldwyn Roberts (better known as Lord Kitchener, Kitch and theGrandmaster)wasborninArima.Hiscareerlastedoversixtyyears

and he became a calypso superstar along with the Mighty Sparrow. Both menruledthecalypsoworldduringthe1960sand1970s.Hiscalypsoescovered every imaginable topic, including social and political events. He recordedoverfortyalbums,winningtheannualCarnivalRoadMarcha record ten times. His songs were very popular with steel bands and thesteelbandRenegadeswonmostoftheirPanoramacrownsplayinghis songs, arranged by Jit Samaroo. He started composing and singing calypsosasateenagerwhenhejoinedarovingtentthatperformedatcinemas.LordKitchenerwasthenameofa19thcenturyBritisharmyhero.

After the1947carnivalseasonhemigrated toEngland,wherehehada successful career as a calypsonian.Upon returning toTrinidadforthe1963CarnivalseasonheformedtheCalypsoRevuetentwhichhasnurturedthedevelopmentofmanycalypsoniansovertheyears.Hewononecalypsocrownin1975withTributetoSpreeSimonandFever

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andwontenRoadMarchtitleswithtuneslikeTheRoad,MissTourist,RainoramaandFlagWoman.Overtheyears,hisgeniushasappealedto commoners and royalty alike.USPresidentHarry S.Truman andPrincessMargaretwereknowntoenjoyhismusic.

OnestatueandonebustoftheLordKitchenerhavebeensculpted;theformerinWoodbrook,PortofSpain,theotherinArima.

• 1969HummingBirdMedalSilver

HARBANCE KUMAR

Indian-born,hewasthefilmpioneerwhocametotheregioninthelate1960swith the intentionoffilming full lengthmovies.Among themoviesthatwereproducedstartingin1970andaroundthetimeofhisinfluencewereTheRightandTheWrong,CaribbeanFox,Bim,ManfromAfrica/GirlfromIndia.

THELMA LANE

Asacalypsonian,shesangunderthenameLadyTrinidadandwasthefirstfemalecalypsoniantorecordin1937.Beforethatshesang

withoneofthe‘Yankeebands’singingAmericanpopsongs.

NORMAN LE BLANC

HeissaidtobethefirsttosingacalypsoinEnglish(insteadofin‘patois’)around1900,underthename“RichardCoeurdeLion”.

ELLIOT “ELLIE” MANNETTE (1927- )

Ellie Mannette is one of the people associated with the earlydevelopmentof the steelpanandup to today,decades later,he is

stillregardedasoneofthemajorsteelpanplayers,tunersandarrangers.In1951,TASPO(TrinidadAllSteelPercussionOrchestra),ofwhich

Mannette was a member and tuner, travelled to England to present the newmusicalinstrumentattheFestivalofBritain.

Since1967,Mannettehasbeenbuildingupscoresofsteelbandsall

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overtheUnitedStates,mainlyincollegesanduniversities,butalsoforprivate institutions.

Mannette is credited with several innovations which have been importantintheevolutionofthesteelpan.

• 1969HummingBirdMedalSilver• 2000HonoraryDoctorateinLettersfromUWI• 2000ChaconiaMedalSilver• 2001ParkinSt.James,Port-of-Spainrenamedinhishonor• 2003 Admitted to the Hall of Fame of the PercussiveArts

SocietyoftheUnitedStates.

BERTRAM ‘BERTIE’ MARSHALL (1936- )

He grew up in and around Laventille and as a young teen started fiddling with the tuning and re-tuning of steelpans using his

harmonica.By18hebecamepreoccupiedwithwhathethoughtwereinferiortones.Hiscareerspanningoverfivedecadeshasearnedhimthestatusofthe“tuner’stuner”havingcontributedtothestandardisationofthesteelpan.Heinventedmanynewtechniquesandsounds and as the maintunerfortheDesperadoesSteelOrchestra,heusedthestrobetunerto tune theirpans.Theircleanclear sound took them to tenTrinidadCarnival large band Panorama championship titles, more than any other steelbandsofar.

He also led the Metronomics Steel Orchestra, then the Armed ForcesSteelOrchestra,andthenthelegendaryLaventilleHighlanderswithwhomhemadehistorypartneringwithFr.JohnSewelloftheHolyTrinityCathedral toaccompanythechurchchoirplayingclassicsandcarols.

HeintroducedthefirstamplifiedpansontheroadforCarnivalinthemid-1960s.Hisknowledgeofelectronics ledhim toexperimentwithamplification,resultingwiththe‘Bertphone’in1971.TheDesperadoeshave taken his incredible sound to the great concert halls as Carnegie Hall,theKennedyCenter,SanFrancisco’sYerbaBuenaCenterfortheArts,Britain’sRoyalAlbertHall,andtheApolloandtoperformanceswith such notable artists as Luciano Pavarotti and London’s RoyalPhilharmonic Orchestra.

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• 2008:OrderoftheRepublicofTrinidadandTobago• 2005:The University of Trinidad & Tobago awarded Bertie

MarshallafullprofessorialFellowshipandappointedhimtoheadtheAdvancedTuningprogramand teach classes in theirSchool ofArts,Letters,Culture,andPublicAffairsnewPanLab

• 2003:Trinidad’sNationalCarnivalCommissioncreatedanewpan competition for Carnival 2003, the BertieMarshal J’ouvert PanContestinwhichthesteelbandswererequiredtoplaysongsthathehadmade popular with Highlanders

• 2000:At theWorldSteelbandFestival 2000, he received twoawards,one“ForInnovationandContributioninRespectoftheSteelDrum”andtheother“PanTrinbagoandSignature2000SaluteBertieMarshall,SteelpanInnovatorExtraordinaire”

• 1992:ChaconiaMedalGold

BERYL MCBURNIE (1914-2000)

BerylMcBurnieattendedTranquillityGirls’School,WoodbrookCMSchool,GovernmentTeachers’TrainingCollege,theAcademyof

AlliedArts,theEvelynEllisSchoolofDrama,ColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandtheSorbonneinParis.Alwaysaperformer,shestartedreciting poetry at age eight at charity concerts and then organising performances,singing,dancingandplayingthepiano,inherfamily’sbackyardat69RobertsStreet,Woodbrook.Todaythatlocationisthehome toTheLittleCaribTheatrewhich shewould later establish in1948.Ithasservedtoprotecttheartoffolkdancingwhichbecameherlife’smission.TodaygroupssuchastheMalickFolkPerformersarethelivingproofofthefruitsofherlabourofloveoverthedecades.Molly Ahye,anotherfameddancer,wasoneofthemaindancersunderBerylMcBurnie.

She is described as a person who possessed talent, charm and style, thegrandedameofT&Tdance.Herstagenamewhileabroadwas“LaBelleRosette”.

The opening of The Little Carib in 1948 was one of the greatoccasions in Trinidad’s artistic history. Paul Robeson, theAmericanbaritone,camefortheceremony.TheLittleCaribinspiredmanyother

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littletheatrestobeformedthroughouttheCaribbeananditwasherethatDerekWalcottfoundedtheTrinidadTheatreWorkshopin1959.

• 1958:OrderoftheBritishEmpire(OBE)• 1969:HummingBirdGoldMedal• 1976:Honorary degree ofDoctor of Laws,University of the

WestIndies• 1978:RecognisedbytheAlvinAileyDanceGroupasoneofthe

threeBlackwomenwhohada“profoundinfluence”onAmericandance• 1989:TrinityCrossBiography:Cradle of Caribbean Dance: Beryl McBurnie and the

Little Carib Theatre,1983ByMolly Ahye.

IRVIN “MAC” MCWILLIAMS (1920-2007)

During his band-producing years from 1956 to 1988, IrvinMcWilliamsprovidedT&Twithsome32spectacularpresentations

manyofwhichwerebasedonthemesofTrinidadandTobago,itshistoryanditsculture.Thefirstofsuchlocal-themedbandswasHailLaTrinitein 1961 and the last Stay up Trinbago in 1988. Such presentationswerelearningtoolsforTrinbagoniansasourfolkloreandcultureweredepictedthroughthevividimaginationofanotherlegendarymasman,adept at portraying things local. McWilliams was credited as being the firsttopresentatotallylocalthemeonthestreetsofT&T.

In1974,heventuredfurtherafieldregionallywithhispresentationSomewhere in the Caribbean, with costumes and sections including “JamaicanAckee”,“GrenadianNutmegs”and“BarbadosFlyingFish”.1979’s Our Famous Recipes was a band that showed the increasingnatureofthechallengeofmaintainingartisticorderasitwasapopularband that year.

HisbandswonthePeople’sChoiceAwardonfiveoccasions(1971,1972, 1977, 1978, and 1980) with an increasing number of femalemasqueraders.BuccooReefalsocapturedtheKingof theBandstitle(AlbertMoore).HisKingAlbertMoorealsocapturedthe‘King’titlein1965,1968and1969.BandoftheYearTitles: 1971WondersofBuccooReef;1972AnancyStory;1978KnowYourCountry.Hereceivedthe1971HummingBirdMedalSilver.

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PETER MINSHALL (1941- )

British Guiana’s loss was certainly T&T’s gain when as a child,Guyanese-bornPeterMinshallandhisfamilymovedtoTrinidad.

TheQueensRoyalCollegeandLondoneducatedMinshallhasbecomeT&T’s most internationally acclaimed artist in the field of mas andtheatrical productions.

He views mas and Carnival as street theatre, as evidenced by the theatrical nature of his Carnival bands through the years, some 25spanningfrom1978to2006.

In1976,hedesignedforStephenLeeHeungwhotookBand-of-the-Yearhonorswith“ParadiseLost.”In1978,heformedhisownCarnivalband, the Callaloo Company and went on to produce many winning presentationsamongthemtwoepicTRILOGIES,hisbandsfrom1983-1985(River,CallalooandTheGoldenCalabash)andthosefrom1995-1997(Hallelujah,SongoftheEarthandTapestry).

HewontheLargeBand-of-the-Yeartitlesixtimes:1979CarnivaloftheSea;1981JungleFever;1987CarnivalisColour;1995:Hallelujah;1996SongoftheEarth;1997Tapestry.

He created “dancing mobiles,” the most famous of which werehismaleandfemalecharacters“SagaBoy”and“TanTan”.Hisworkwas displayed in 1987 at the 19th International Biennial ExpositionofContemporaryArtinSãoPaolo,Brazil,andatthe1993EdinburghFestival inEdinburgh,Scotland.OthercountrieswherehisworkwasdisplayedwereBarbados,Canada(Toronto),England(London),France(Nimes,Paris),

Jamaica, Japan (Tokyo), and the USA (Miami, San Francisco).Minshallwasthefirsttouserevolutionarynewmaterialslikefibreglassrods to make mas.

His Carnival success gained him worldwide recognition and he wentontodesignandchoreographthefollowinginternationalevents:1987-OpeningCeremoniesofthePan-AmericanGames,Indianapolis,Indiana, USA; 1992 - Opening Ceremonies of the XXV SummerOlympics,Barcelona,Spain;1994-SoccerWorldCupFinals,Chicago,Illinois, USA; 1996 - Opening Ceremonies of the XXVI SummerOlympics,Atlanta,Georgia,USA;2002-A12-minutesegment (FireWithin)attheOpeningCeremoniesoftheWinterOlympicsinSaltLake

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City,Utah,USA.MinshallalsoworkedwiththeFrenchcomposerJean-MichelJarre

in the presentation of two concerts in Paris, France: Concert at LaDefenseonBastilleDay,1991;andUNESCO’sConcertforToleranceattheEiffelTower,1995.

AfilmonhislifeentitledMasManhasbeenproducedbyDaltonNarine.

His style of mas has been continued in fine style by Brian MacFarlanewhohassincewonmanyBandoftheYeartitles.

• 1982-GuggenheimFellowship• 1987-ChaconiaMedalSilver• 1991-HonoraryDoctorofLetters,UniversityoftheWestIndies• 1996-Trinidad&TobagoTrinityCross• 2001-PrinceClausoftheNetherlandsAwardforoutstanding

contributions to Carnival• 2002EmmyAward,AcademyofTelevisionArtsandSciences

54thAnnualUSPrimetimeEmmyAwards,“OutstandingCostumesforAVarietyorMusicProgram”/OpeningCeremonyofthe2002OlympicWinter.

• 2005-RepublicDayAward,T&T

KEN MORRIS (1924-1992)

Morris was an artist, a bandleader who became best known forhisworksandexpertiseintheartofusingcopperandbronzein

Carnivalcostumingandinsculpting.Morris’sworkenjoysprideofplacein numerous private and corporate collections, including the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad Hilton, Puerto Rico Hilton,andSt.Paul’sChurchinSanFernando.HedesignedandexecutedtheSpeaker’sMace for theWest IndianFederalParliament andhisfinalwork, theDove,on top therotundaof theRedHouse,PortofSpain,replacedaweathervaneofadragon,believed,aftertheattemptedcoupof1990tobeasymbolofbadluck.

• 1969HummingBirdMedalBronze

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NOEL P. NORTON (1927-2012)

Thiswell knownphotographer attendedSt.Mary’sCollegebeforeheadingofftojointheRoyalAirForceinEngland.Uponreturning

toT&TheandhiswifeMaryopenedtheNortonStudiosinWoodbrook,the base fromwhich they dedicated their lives to capturing some50YearsofT&Timages.SuchimagesincludedthebeautyandcultureofTrinidad and Tobago and its people….nature, architecture, Carnival,religiousfestivals,advertising,weddings,andportraits.Nortonwasoftenselected by the government to photograph visiting dignitaries such as PopeJohnPaulII,thelateIndianPrimeMinister,IndiraGandhi,QueenElizabethIIandtheDukeofEdinburghPrincePhilipandEmperorofEthiopiaHaileSelassieI.HealsoworkedwithinternationallyknownphotographersincludingNormanParkinson.ThereisacollectionofhismaterialatNALIS.In1991hewasawardedtheChaconiaMedalGoldandin2005hereceivedanHonoraryDoctoratefromUWI.

MARJORIE PADMORE (1928-1981)

She was an excellent musician and educator who composed ournational song “God bless our Nation” and “The Independence

Pledge”aswellasmanymusicalrhymesandjinglesfortheMinistryofEducationSchoolBroadcastingUnit.In1969shereceivedtheMedalofMeritSilverandin1981theChaconiaMedalGold.

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SUNDAR POPO (1943-2000)

Heisconsideredasthegrandfatherofchutneyandchutneysoca,asDrupateeRamgoonai is thoughtofas thegrandmotherof theart

forms.HepopularisedChutneymusic,beginningwithhis1969hitNana

andNani.HereceivedtheHummingBirdMedalSilverin1993aswellas many other awards during his career.

NORMAN “KING RADIO” SPAN

KingRadiobegansingingintheearly-1930s.HecomposedandsangMatilda which was later recorded and made internationally popular

byAmericansingerHarryBelafonte.HisotherverypopularcalypsoisBrown Skin Gal.

DRUPATEE RAMGOONAI (1959- )

Drupatee’svoice is awellknownone in the chutneyandchutneysocaformsofforms.Itwasin1988thatsheburstontothelocal

musicscenewithherhitMr.Bissessar(Rollupthetassa),whichwasoneofthesongsthattookChutneyandChutneySocatotheworld.Shehastravelledtosome23countriesasacalypsonianandchutneysocaartiste.

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CALYPSO ROSE (MCARTHA LINDA SANDY-LEWIS)

(1940- )

BornintoalargefamilyinTobago,shewassenttolivewithanauntinTrinidadwhenshewasnineyearsold.However,whilegrowingup

inTobago,shehadbegunsingingcalypsoesandherinterestinsingingcontinuedwhileattendingschool inTrinidad. In1957,shebeganhercalypso career at the Original Young Brigade Tent and went on tobecome thefirst female calypsonian towin a national titlewhen shetooktheRoadMarchCrownin1977withTempo.Shereturnedin1978totakeboththeCalypsoCrown(HerMajestyandIThankThee)andtheRoadMarchtitle(SocaJam)thusbecomingthefirstcalypsoniantowinbothcrownsinthesameyear.Becauseofhersuccess,thenameofthetitlewaschangedfromCalypsoKingtoCalypsoMonarchin1978.ShehasappearedinshowswithfamousAmericanentertainerssuchasMichael Jackson,HarryBelafonte, andRoberta Flack.Rose’s careerhastakenherthroughouttheworldandshefrequentlyperformsinT&Tespecially during the carnival season.

AT&Tpostage stampbearsherphoto.Shehaswrittenover800songsandrecordedover20albums.

• 1975:BritishEmpireMedalofMeritClassII;Trinidad& TobagoPublicServiceMedalofMeritSilver• 1986:CitizensofLiberiaHumanitarianAward• 1989:SunshineMusicAward(forCalypsoandSteelband)• 1991:OutstandingFemaleintheFieldofMusicAwardbythe NationalWoman’sActionCommittee;MostOutstanding WomaninTrinidadandTobagobytheNationalWomen’s Action Committee• 2000:HummingBirdMedalGold• 2006:CaribbeanAmericanHeritageAward• 2011:AfricaFestivalLifetimeAchievementAward

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HAROLD “SALLY” SALDENHA (1925-1985)

Harold “Sally”Saldenha had a deep love of history and intenselyresearched his topics to ensure that he was able to re-create the

momentsintimeinhistoryinhismasmaking.Thesehistoricalepicsarerenownedfortheirmagnificence,colourandsplendouroftheircostumes.In thefirstofhis six“Bandof theYear” titlesproductions“ImperialRome,44BCto96AD”in1955,hedesignedandcreatedcostumesusingvelvet, leather and copper to portray centurions, gladiators, Caesars and Nero,evenhissoldiersinshortskirtstobeas“real”aspossible.KenMorriswastheoneemployedtofabricatethecopperbreastplateswhowentontobecomeamasteroftheartofcoppercrafting.Theuseoffoilsandcopperandhaving‘sections’inabandwereinnovationsintroducedby Saldenha.

Hisfirstmajorproductionwas“QuoVadis”in1953,basedonthemovie of the same name, and featuredRoman soldierswith helmetsmadeofpapiermâchépaintedtolookauthentic.

HewonBand-of-the-Year titles in 1955, 1956, 1958, 1964, 1965and1968beforemovingtoCanadain1977whereheassistedhissonLouiswithhisToronto’sCaribanabands.

BandoftheYearTitles:1955ImperialRome44BCto96AD;1956NorseGodsandVikings;1958LostCityofAtlantis;1964Mexico1519to1521;1965PacificParadise;1968ElDorado,CityofGold.

In1976,tocommemoratehis25thyearasabandleader,Saldenhaproducedhis‘ASailorIsaSailor’,recreatingeachofhispreviousbandsin the formof a traditional fancy sailor. In1983, billed as the200thanniversaryofourCarnival,hereturnedtoT&Ttopresent‘MasqueradetoCarnival’,40sections in tribute to thehistoryof the festival,withcostumescelebratingthevarioustraditionalcharactersofmas.

• 1972PublicServiceMedalofMeritSilver

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RANJIT ‘JIT’ S. SAMAROO (1950- )

JitSamaroo isPanorama’smost accomplishedarranger in the largebandcategory;underhisdirectiontheCharlotteSteet,PortofSpain

basedRenegadessteelbandwonthattitleninetimes(1982,1984,1985,1989,1990,1993,1995,1996,1997).

HailingfromthevillageofSurrey,Lopinot,Samaroo’strademarkisthesweetsoundhebroughttohisarrangementsovertheperiod1971to2008.

ThisquietunassumingmaniswidelyregardedasoneofTrinidadand Tobago’s musical geniuses. 2009 was hailed as the year for “acelebrationof hiswork” according tohis son,Amrit,whohad takenoverthemantleasarrangerfollowinghisdad’slongstint.

The family band The Samaroo Kids became the Samaroo Jets,recordingitsfirstalbumin1975titledTheSamarooFamilySteelOrchestraClassics,featuringtheworksofMendelssohnandProkofiev.

He has traveled globally with Renegades, taking T&T’s nationalinstrumenttofaroffplacessuchasItaly,Israel,Morocco,India,Brazil,LaReunion,Madagascar,Jordan,JapanandFrance,whereheperformedbeforehugeaudiencesinsomeinstances.Afterhisretirement,heusedhismusicaltalentsinwritingandscoringforchildrentoaidandenhancetheuseofthesteelpaninstrumentsintheschoolsofTrinidadandTobago.

• 1987HummingBirdMedalSilver• 1995ChaconiaMedalSilver• 2003HonorarydoctoratefromUWI

BERNADETTE T. (LAUGHLIN) SCOTT (1946- )

Certainly not one to give up, this deeply musical and spiritual person hasthroughher40yearoldgroupTheLoveMovementandoutreach

program,positivelyimpactedonmanyyoungpeople(andolderaswell)inT&T.InApril2002theLoveMovementwasinvitedbytheVatican

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toperformatWorldYouthDayFestivalWeekinToronto.In1991shewasawarded theHummingBirdMedalGold, in1998 theHummingBirdMedalGoldagain,thistimetotheLoveMovementandin2002theLoveMovementreceivedanIconoftheNationaward.

LENNOX (LEN) “BOOGSIE” SHARPE (1953- )

A noted arranger who is a five time Panorama winner, Boogsiehas established his genius over the past forty years with hisarrangementsformanycalypsonians,vocalistsandsteelbandsinT&TandtheCaribbean,NorthAmerica,andEurope.Hehasbeencomposer/arranger-in-residenceatPhaseIIPanGroovesince1972.

Sharpe does not read or write music but he is able to conceive elaborate compositions and arrangements and teaches them to the players note by note, phrase by phrase. He is also an accomplished piano player, describedas‘theMozartofpan’byWyntonMarsalis,whoseSt.Jameshomeisaplaceofhismanytreasuredmemories.

Itwasasayoungster,attheverylocation(BenaresStreet,St.James)wherehegrewupandstillresides,thathefirstplayedthepan.

Herateswinningtheworldsteelbandmusicfestivalin2000withhisowncompositionandarrangementIntheRainforestandbeinghonouredbyUTTin2007asamonghisgreatestachievements.

• 1987ChaconiaMedalSilver• 2009HummingBirdMedalGold

RAS SHORTY I (GARFIELD BLACKMAN) (1941-2000)

GarfieldBlackmanbeganhiscareerasLordShortyintheearly1960s.HissongsIndraniandEndlessVibrationsarewidelybelievedtobe

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thefirst that introduced the soca beat, combining the rhythms of thecalypso, soul and chutney.

Inthelate1980s,mixingsocaandgospelheintroducedanewstylehecalledJamoo.Hecontinuedrecordingintothelate1990’s,writinghitslikeWatchOutMyChildren,whichfocusesonthedangersofdrugabuse.The songwas recorded in ten languages andwas adopted bytheUNinananti-cocainecampaign.Hetouredinternationallywithhisband,theLoveCircle,whichconsistedmainlyoffamilymembers.

WINSTON ‘SPREE’ SIMON (1930-1976)

FromJohnJohninLaventille,WinstonSimonisoneoftheearliestpersonstocontributetothedevelopmentofthesteelpanandwasthe

firsttoplaysimpletunesonthepaninpublic.Ataroundtheageof15hewasalreadyapopularyoungsteramong

themenintheJohnJohnband,DestinationTokyo,knownforhisskillat playing the steelpan.He then joined a band called “JohannesburgFascinators”ofNelsonStreet,andemergedasoneofthefinesttuners.

Hewaschieflyresponsibleforthelayoutandthepatternofthenotes,especiallyinthoseearlydays,althoughthe‘convex’styleheintroducedwaslaterset‘concave’byEllieManette.

WinstonSimoncontinuedhisgreatworkofdevelopingthesteelbandandheremainedahugefigureinthesteelbandworld.Hisloveforfêtesandspreeingledtohisnickname“Spree.”

In 1951 he was a member of the TrinidadAll Steel PercussionOrchestra,TASPO,whichtouredEngland.ItwasmadeupofthebeststeelbandplayersinTrinidadatthattimeandwasthefirststeelbandtogo on tour abroad. He was honoured by Lord Kitchener during Carnival 1975 with the calypso Tribute toWinston Spree, which became theroad-marchofthatyear.

• 1974PublicServiceofMeritGold

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THE MIGHTY SPARROW (SLINGER FRANCISCO) (1935- )

SlingerFranciscowasborninGrenada,butmovedtoTrinidadwhenhewasoneyearold.HegrewupinPortofSpainwhereheattended

NewtownBoys’R.C.School.HeisknownasSparrow,theMightySparrow,BirdieandtheCalypsoKingoftheworld.

He was first exposed to music through the choir in school; andwith the encouragement of his primary schoolmaster Carl Jadunath,he performed at the Friday afternoon school concerts. He becameinterested incalypsoat14whenhe joineda steelbandcomposedofneighborhood boys. Not only is he a calypso singer and songwriter, he isalsoaguitarist,agreatstageperformerandisoneofthemostwell-knownandsuccessfulcalypsonians.HehaswonboththeRoadMarchand Calypso Monarch competition eight times.

TheMightySparrowbecameacalypsosuperstaralongwithLordKitchener,withwhomheruledthecalypsoworldduringthe1960’sand1970’s.Hiscalypsoescoveredeveryimaginabletopic,includingsocialand political events.

• 1969HummingBirdMedalSilver• 1987HonoraryDoctorateofLetters,UniversityoftheWest Indies• 1993ChaconiaMedalGold• 2001OrderoftheCaribbeanCommunity• 2002MarcusGarveyLifetimeAchievementAward,Jamerican FilmandMusicFestival• 2006BollywoodMusicAward(SpecialAchievementfor OutstandingContributiontoGlobalMusic)

WILFRED STRASSER

Hewasamasmanandsculptor,famousforhisindividualportrayalsin the1940s,50sand60s thathe tookpride inbeingasrealistic

as possible. One carnival in the forties, for example, he thrilled theaudiencewithhisportrayalofahugecopperpennywhichcamealiveas

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hewalkedoutfromthepenny.Inotheryearsheplayed“LordHarris”,“JoanofArc,”“AbrahamLincoln,”“SimonBolivar,”“Shakespeare,”“TheHinduGod,Shiva”,“Romeo”andmanymore.

CITO VELASQUEZ(1928-2006)

Lewisito ‘Cito’Velasquezwas amaster in the art ofwire-bendingintheCarnivalarena.Asaboy,growinguponPortofSpain’sSt.

VincentStreet,Citolearnedtosculptathisfamily’sdollfactory.Whathelearnedduringtheearlyperiodofhislife,laterservedhimwellovertheyearsinhisprofession.

Hiscareerstartedinthelate1940′swhenhestartedbendingwireforthemaspresentationsoftwoeastPortofSpainsteelbands,FascinatorsandBarTwenty.MostofhisadultlifewasspentathisBaratariahome/mas Camp; designing, building and bringing out his wire-bendingcreations.

Citowasa truepioneerandapowerful influenceinhisfield.Notonly did he fascinateT&Twith hiswork, he also contributed to thedevelopmentoftheartform,teachingandadvisingotherwire-bendersand band leaders.

HewasresponsibleformostofthechangesthattookplaceintheFancySailorMas,anareahedominatedformanyyears.

• 1973HummingbirdMedalGold

DAISY VOISIN(1924-1991)

Voisin was born in Erin and was educated at Lorensotte Government School. She became an apprentice teacher, and later taught at the

Canadian Mission School in Siparia. Switching careers, she became an assistantnurse,andthenamidwife,deliveringmorethan300babiesinthe Siparia district.

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Voisin’s career as amusician beganwhen she joined the SipariaVillageCouncil,andlatertheFyzabadChoirandMorneDiabloCulturalGroup.ButitwasasleaderofthebandLaDivinaPastoraSerenadersthat Voisin left her mark on the parang scene in Trinidad. She wasdeeply religious and has said that it was divine intervention that led her to spread the gospel through parang.

During her reign as Queen of parang, she composed and sangChristmasclassicsincluding“SerenoSereno”,“DaisyVoisin”,“DaisyDaisyDaisy”,“ElNacimientodelaVerdad”andmanyothers.“AlegriaAlegria”isperhapshermostfamouscomposition.

• 1982-ParangAssociationGoldMedal;• 1988-HummingbirdMedalSilver

OLIVE WALKE (1911-1969)

Belmont-born, she attended Bishop Anstey High School, TrinityCollegeandtheRoyalAcademyofMusic,London.Shewasoneof

thefirsttocarryoutresearchintothefolkmusicofT&T.Shewasamusicteacherandin1940sheformedLaPetiteMusicale,achoralesinginggroup that has become well known around the world. Her popular hit songswere“Mangoes”and“EverytimeahPass”andpublishedabook“FolkSongsofTrinidadandTobago”. She was an independent senator from1961to1966.In1969shereceivedtheHummingBirdMedalGoldandin1975thegroupLaPetiteMuscialereceivedthePublicServiceMedalofMeritGold.

ANTHONY WILLIAMS (1931- )

Anthony“Tony”Williamsisaninventor,pioneerandmusicianofthesteelpanfromSt.Jamesandoneoftheearlymajorinnovatorsof

thesteelpan.Hecreatedthelayoutofthenotesknownasthecycleoffourthsandfifths.Ageniusintuning,healsoexcelledasabandleader,

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arranger,playerandmusicalpioneer.Hebeganhiscareerinthe1940swithNobHillsteelbandandlatermovedtoSunValleythentoNorthStars,wherehebecametheleader.HewasoneoftwelveselectedtojoinTASPOastheTrinidadandTobagorepresentativesatthe1951MusicFestivalinEngland.

He worked hard at developing the “spider-web” pan design, asopranopanwith thenotes laidout inacycleoffifthsand,by1962,achieved great success when his North Stars won the Steelband Music Festival.AfterthePanoramacompetitionwasinitiatedin1963,NorthStarswonthechampionshipthefirsttwoyearsin1963and1964.

He tuned a tenor bass using three standard oil drums to replace the“tuneboom”whichwasmadefromtwosmallerbiscuitdrumsofinferiorqualitymetal.Atthistimehealsomadeanepicdiscoveryandidentifiedtheoctavewithinthenoteitself.Hewasalsothefirsttomakeapanfromflatsheetmetalasopposedtoadrumandthefirsttomakean“oversizedpan”.

He was the first tuner to compose complete tunes especially forthesteelbandandrecordedthealbumIvoryandSteelwithcelebratedpianistWinifredAtwell.

• 1969HummingBirdBronzeMedal• 1991HummingBirdSilverMedal• 2008OrderoftheRepublicofTrinidadandTobago

DUNSTAN “DEW” E. WILLIAMS (1935-2004)

PointFortinborn,hespenthisworkingyearsasamastercartoonistbringingreadersmuchjoyandlaughter.Suchwastheimportanceof

hiscartoondrawingsthatthereisacollectionofhismaterialstoredattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.Hetouchedmany with his great humour. He drew cartoons about the environment including the killing of the leatherback turtles which he was deeplyconcernedabout.Hewonseveralawards,andhisworkwasexhibitedinBulgaria,Greece,Canada,Cuba,Germany,Sweden,Turkey,Yugoslaviaandofcoursehereathome.In2009,theTrinidadandTobagoPublishersandBroadcastersAssociationawardedhimformediaexcellence.

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JOHN ‘BUDDY’ WILLIAMS (1911-1995)

AlongwithSelDuncantheyusheredintheeraofmusic-for-dancingeraor‘combos’assomewerecalled.In1972hewasawardedthe

PublicServiceMedalofMeritSilver.Someofthebandsthatcamelaterwere theCassanovas,Flamingoes,BonaparteBrothers,SilverStringsand even later, Joey Lewis and his Orchestra.

STEPHEN (1921- )

and ELSIE LEE HEUNG (1925-2006)

Stephen Lee Heung, like Edmund Hart, began playing mas with HaroldSaldenah in the early1950s.TogetherwithhiswifeElsie

Lee Heung they won the Band-of- the-Year title five times (1967,1975,1976,1977,and1983)includingthehattrickandwererunners-up7times.From1964to1975,LeeHeung’sbandsweredesignedbyCarlisleChang;in1976PeterMinshalldesignedParadiseLostandin1977,TedderEustacedesignedCosmicAura.Woodbrook,likesomanyofthebandsof today, includingHarts,wasthebasefor theirpopularmas camp.

Asayoungman,StephenLeeHeungbroughtouthisfirstbandin1946fromSanJuan,TwoTenCarmen, featuringEgyptiancostumes.Siamwasnextandin1948,LeeHeung’swife,sistersandfemalefriendsintroducedwomentothestreetsinTheHouseofHanoverians.China:the Forbidden City, their first Band of theYear title in 1967 was aspectaculardisplayofthetemples,gardensandanimallifeofChinaandwas the only Carnival band to have been used on a postage stamp.

Theywonagainin1975for theportrayalWeKindAhPeople, inwhichChangcelebratedthevariousculturesofthepeopleofTrinidadandTobago.TheForbiddenCitywasthefirstbandsentabroadbythegovernment to theMontrealExpo in 1967, and then on toToronto’sCaribana.WeKindOfPeoplewassenttotheDallasTradeFairin1975.

ElsieLeeHeungwastwicecrownedQueenoftheBands,in1968winningwithHoneyofthePolynesiansandin1983withDiana,GoddessoftheHunt.(Note:Thisprofileshouldbeonpage62)

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Economics

LLOYD BEST (1934-2007)

LloydBestwas educated atTacarigua EC School, Queen’s RoyalCollege,CambridgeUniversityandOxfordUniversityinEngland.

AsaneconomisthelecturedatUWIandin1976hefoundedtheTapiaHouse Movement. Along with Sir Arthur Lewis and William Demas he was one of the top economists whose theories helped shape theeconomiesofT&TandthewiderCaribbeanespecially.

HewasalsoafoundingmemberoftheNewWorldMovement,anda foundingeditorof theNewWorldQuarterly.Healsoserved in theSenateofTrinidad&TobagowherehewasOppositionLeaderduringtheperiods1974-75and1981-83.

His publications were many including 1974-BlackPower&NationalReconstruction; 1989 - Where Do We Go From Here? AlternativeStrategies for National Management as Trinidad, Tobago and the West IndiesApproachtheTwenty-firstCentury;2003-IndependentThoughtand Caribbean Freedom: Essays in Honour of Lloyd Best.

• 2006:HonoraryDoctor of Letters from theUniversity of theWestIndies,St.Augustine.

WILLIAM G. DEMAS(1929-1998)

Aneconomistbyprofession,DemaswasawellknownCaribbeanpersonwhocontributedgreatlyintheeffortstounitetheCaribbean.AlongwithSirArthurLewisandLloydBesthewasoneofthetop

economistswhosetheorieshelpedshapetheeconomiesofT&Tandthe

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wider Caribbean especially.Heheldmanytoppositionsbothlocallyandregionally:economic

advisor toTrinidad andTobago’s PrimeMinister,Dr. EricWilliams;President of the Caribbean Development Bank; Chancellor of theUniversityofGuyana,ViceChairmanoftheWestIndianCommission;Governor of the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago; the second(andlast)Secretary-GeneralofCARIFTA,thefirstSecretary-GeneraloftheCARICOM.Hisbookletin1972entitledFrom CARIFTA to the Caribbean Community outlinedpoliciesforfurtherunitingtheregion.

Internationally Dr. Demas was renowned for his brilliance andexpertise as an economist and development specialist for which hewas elected to serve on several United Nations and CommonwealthCommittees and Groupings.

LikefelloweconomistFrank Rampersad,hewasoneofthemostavidsupportersandadvocatesoftheCaribbeanintegrationmovement,charting its direction through his contributions to the regional economy and trade policy.

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• Honouredatthe13thMeetingoftheConferenceofHeadsof GovernmentofCARICOMin1992• 1988TrinityCross• 1969HummingBirdGold

W. ARTHUR LEWIS(1915-1991)

Arthur Lewis was a St Lucian economist well known for hiscontributionsinthefieldofeconomicdevelopment.In1979hewon

theNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomics.HereceivedhisPhDdegreefromtheLondonSchoolofEconomics.AlongwithWilliamDemasandLloydBest hewas one of the top economistswhose theories helpedshapetheeconomiesofT&TandthewiderCaribbeanespecially.

In hismost influential development economics article,Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour he introduced what cametobecalledtheDualSectormodel,orthe“LewisModel.”

In 1959 he was appointed Vice Chancellor of the University oftheWestIndiesandwasknightedin1963,becomingSir(Dr.)Arthur

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Lewis.In1963wasalsoappointedaUniversityProfessoratPrincetonUniversity,apositionheretaineduntilhisretirementin1983.In1970LewisbecamedirectoroftheCaribbeanDevelopmentBank.

HereceivedtheNobelprizeinEconomicsin1979.Lewis’ achievements have been recognised by the naming of the

SirArthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, Facultyof Social Sciences,UWI, StAugustine aswell asTheArthur LewisBuildingin2007at theUniversityofManchester,England,whereheonce lectured.

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Education

CLARENCE C. ABIDH(1884-1952)

Hewasactiveintheareasofeducationasaschoolprincipalfrom1901to1946;intheTradeUnionmovementasPresidentGeneralof

theAllTrinidadSugarEstatesandFactoryWorkersTradeUnion;andasapolitician,aMemberoftheLegislativeandExecutiveCouncils(1946-1950).HisdaughterStella (1903-1989)was adoctorwho served forabout50yearsandwasapioneerinPublicHealthandschoolservices.

BISHOP ARTHUR H. ANSTEY (1872-1955)

BorninEnglandhewastheAnglicanBishopofTrinidadfrom1918to1945.HemadeamajorcontributiontoT&TbyestablishingBishop’s

High School for girls in 1921; and in 1925, alongwithArchdeaconDavies,foundedBishop’sHighSchool,Scarborough,Tobago.HewasalsoinvolvedinthemanagementoftheTacariguaOrphanageandtheDiegoMartinReformatory.HealsoopenedaHostelforstudentteachersinPort-of-Spainwhichhemanagedforsomefifteenyears.

BRIDGET BRERETON (1946- )

UniversityoftheWestIndies’historyprofessorBridgetBreretonfirstmovedtotheWestIndiesfromEnglandin1963attheageof17,but

shehasmadesuchacontributiontoTrinidad’sliteraryculturethatonewouldhavetobeforgivenformistakingherforanativeTrinidadian.

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After completing her undergraduate degree in History at UWI’sMonacampusin1966,BreretonwentontopursueaMaster’sinHistoryattheUniversityofTorontoinCanada.ShethenreturnedtotheWestIndies,thistimetotheUWI’sSt.AugustineCampusforaPhDonthesocialhistoryofTrinidad.

Since earning her PhD in 1972, Brereton has been a permanentfixtureattheHistoryDepartmentatSt.Augustine,teachingatoneleveloranother.Sheismostwellknownforherextensivescholarlywork,publicationsandresearchonthehistoryofTrinidadandTobagoandoftheAnglophoneandFrancophoneCaribbeansincetheendofslavery.Shehasauthoredseveralbooks,bookchaptersandmanyjournalarticleson the topic.

Breretonhasalsohelpedtopioneerthefieldofgenderandwomen’shistoryintheCaribbean.Shewasatrailblazerinthe1980s,creatingbothcoursesandthematerialsusedtoteachthosecoursesinthefieldwhenitwasjustemerging.BreretonisalsoapastpresidentoftheassociationofCaribbeanHistorians,andhasservedasHeadofDepartment,DeputyCampusPrincipal,andInterimCampusPrincipalattheUWI.Amongher books are Engendering History: Caribbean Women in Historical Perspective(1995)andHistoryofModernTrinidad,1783-1962(1981)and BookofTrinidad(withGerardBesson)(1991).

In1996she received theVice-Chancellor’sAward forExcellenceforResearch,TeachingandAdministration

KNOLLY A. BUTLER(1931- )

ProfessorEmeritusofClinicalSurgery,UniversityoftheWestIndies(UWI),Butlerisanoutstandingsurgeonandeducatorwhoplayed

amajorroleindevelopingtheteachingofmedicalsciencesatUWI.Inhis40-plusyearsofserviceasamedicaleducator,hehastrainedandmentoredhundredsofdoctorsfromtheCaribbeanregion.

Born in Mayaro, Knolly Alan Butler attended primary school in San Fernando,St.Benedict’sCollegeSanFernandoandSt.Mary’sCollege,PortofSpain.HestudiedmedicineatLondonUniversity,England

Butler returned to Trinidad in 1967 to start a medical training

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programme. He initiated and developed the Eastern Caribbean Medical SchemeandwastheheadadministratorinTrinidadfor23yearsandtheDirectoroftheSchoolofMedicineatSt.Augustinefrom1983to1994.Twoyearsafterhisretirementin1995,hebecamethefirstDirectoroftheClinicalProgramme,anewUWImedical teachingprogrammeinthe Bahamas.

• 1987ChaconiaMedalGold

JOSEPH O. CUTTERIDGE (1887-1952)

HearrivedherefromEnglandin1921.StartingasaprincipaloftheTranquillityGovernmentTrainingSchoolhewenton tobecome

the Director of Education and aMember of the Legislative Councilfrom1934-1942.Hepublishedmanyschoolbooksincludingthesixinthe series Nelson’sWestIndianReaders, seven in the series West Indian Arithmetics and Geography of the West indies and Adjacent Lands. He wasalsoinvolvedwithfootballespeciallyasarefereeandadministrator.

SHAMSHU DEEN (1947- )

ShamshuDeenholdsabachelor’sdegreeinhistoryandeconomics,another in geography, a masters in special education and was a

teacherfor37years.Forthepast30years,Deenhasspenttimetrackingdownrecordsof

EastIndianimmigrantsinthenationalarchivesofTrinidad&Tobago.In 1994, Shamshu Deen published his first book, “Solving East

Indian Roots in Trinidad,”which is anaccountofhis andhiswife’sfamily trees. In 1998 he published his second book, “Lineages and

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Linkages:SolvingTrinidadrootsinIndia.”He foundhisfirst document in 1972 in the archives in the cellar

of the Red House with the name of the indentured immigrant whoarrivedinTrinidadin1852andfromwhomtheDeenclaninTrinidadis descended.

Apart from developing and teaching genealogical techniques, heis expanding his research on the close to 150,000 Indian indenturedlabourerswhocametoTrinidadbetween1845and1921on319voyageson154ships.

• 1997HummingBirdMedalGold

RAPHAEL DOUGLASS(1927-2012)

RaphaelDouglassattendedBelmontBoysRC,BelmontIntermediateandStMary’sCollegeandwasveryactiveinsportsandtheSea

Scouts. He pioneered the teaching of Science at primary schools byhavingitincludedinthecurriculum.Hethenworkedwithhundredsofteachers to develop and introduce a primary science curriculum, replacing naturestudyandhygiencewhichexistedbefore.ThiswasfollowedbyappropriatechangestotheTeachersCollegesciencecurriculum.Heco-authoredaprimarysciencetextbookseriessincetherewasnoneavailableat the time and was instrumental in establishing a Schools Science Fair.Healsocontributedtoteachingscienceatsecondaryschoollevel,teachingin1961atthreenewlyopened“ModernSecondary”schools;Woodbrook, St James andDiegoMartin aswell as serving onCXCpanels. Several awards and trophies have been named in his honour.

FR. LEONARD J. GRAF (1884-1970)

German-born,hewasascienceeducatoratSt.Mary’sCollegeformanyyearsinthesubjectsofzoologyandbotany.Hedidhowever

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startofasaLatin,GreekandHistoryteacher.Duringtheyearsinwhichhe taught science, the students of his schoolwon the IslandScienceScholarship 31 times. In 1969 hewas awarded the ChaconiaMedalGold.

ROBERT J. L. GUPPY (1836-1916)

Englishborn,hewasan Inspectorof schools, rising to thepostofChiefInspector,between1859and1890.HefoundedtheTrinidad

AlmanackwhichlaterbecametheTrinidadandTobagoYearBook.Itishisloveofnatureandgeologythatmadehisnamefamousasoneofourriverfishes,theGuppy,isnamedafterhim.Hewrotemanyimportantpapersonhis researchwhichwere laterpublished in theBulletinsofAmerican Palaeontology.

PATRICK KEENAN

His influence on our present education system goes back to histimeherearound1869whentheKeenanreportoneducationwas

published. His ideas were responsible for the dual church and statecontrolofeducation.

ARTHUR LAI FOOK (1919- )

For50years,Fr.LaiFook,asamathematics teacheratSt.Mary’sCollege, his alma mater, has instructed many island scholars. He

servedastheschool’sPrincipalfrom1971to1978andwasawardedtheChaconiaMedalGoldin1990.

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PAULA LUCIE-SMITH (1960- )

PaulaLucie-SmithisthefounderandChiefExecutiveOfficeroftheAdult Literacy TutorsAssociation,ALTA, an organisation which

identifiedabigsocialproblemofilliteracyinTrinidadandTobago,andtheWestIndies,andhastakenstepstodealwithit.

SheattendedStJoseph’sConvent,PortofSpain,WarwickUniversity,andtheUniversityofLeicester inEnglandwheresheobtainedafirstdegreeinHistory,andaCertificateinEducation.

Shestartedhercareerasahigh-schoolteacherinTrinidadbutitwasaftertwoyears,shebeganteachinganadultliteracyclassofabout20peopleasavolunteer.In1992,ALTAwasformedtoofferfreeliteracytraining to adults, and to train literacy tutors.

ALTA’sprogrammeshavesincegrowninnumberandspreadacrossthe country and region. Classes are offered at 50 venues throughoutTrinidadandTobago,59tutortrainingcourseshavebeenrun,andALTAhas partnered with Servol, the Ministry of Education, the NationalLibraryofTrinidad&Tobago,andtheprisonsystem.TheorganisationhasalsobeeninvitedtoconductliteracytraininginGrenada,StVincentand the Grenadines, and Antigua and Barbuda.

ALTA’s mission has expanded from literacy to include teachinglife skills and building communities. Between 1996 and 2001,Mrs.Lucie-Smithwroteandeditedthreeseriesoftextbooks:theALTAAdultWorkbookSeries,theALTABeginnerSeries,and18ALTAPredictableBooks.

• 2001:TrinidadHummingbirdMedalGold• ALTA selected as a “model for replication worldwide” by

UNESCO• 2012:SelectedbyTheAnthonyN.SabgaCaribbeanAwardsfor

Excellence

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MAX MURPHY (1902-1973)

USA-born, a catholic priest, he came here in 1934 and served asparish priest where he had a great impact on education in the setting

upofthefirstsecondaryschoolinChaguanaswhicheventuallybecamePresentation College, Chaguanas.

ARCHBISHOP FINBAR RYAN (1881-1975)

HewastheCatholicArchbishopfrom1940-1966whoin1961wasresponsible for the ‘Concordat’ agreement with the government

whichmadeittheruleregardingtheamountofstudentstobeacceptedintothe‘religious’schools.HewasawardedtheTrinityCrossin1969.

CHARLES SOODEEN (1849-1926)

Indian-born, he arrived in Trinidad in 1861 where he had a hugeimpactoneducationandthespreadofthePresbyterianchurchinover50yearsofserviceasteacherandcatechist.Hecontributedgenerouslyto thebuildingofchurches, forexample, theSt.Andrew’sChurch inPrinces Town and theAramalaya Church in Tunapuna. He played akeyroleinthebuildingofPresbyterianprimaryschoolsandwasalsoinvolved in theestablishmentofNaparimaCollege.Heservedas theChurch’srepresentativeonthethencolony’sBoardofEducationfrom1891to1916.

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FREDERICK STREETLY(1893-1952)

In1925FrederickJ.F.StreetlycametoTrinidadfromEnglandandthoughheservedtheAnglicanChurchinvariousparishesformanyyearsinbothTrinidadandTobago,hewasatruepioneerinhelpingtoestablishlocalcentresoftechnicaleducation.

Athisfirst post inTobago, at the churchofSt.Patrick atMountPleasant, he built the Rectory as well as the school, showing his engineering side and talents. But it was only when Reverend Streetly cametoTrinidadin1932thathisdeeploveforengineeringshonebrightly.HeturnedhisattentiontotheBoardofIndustrialTrainingwhichhadbeensetupin1906butwasinactive.AtSt.Agnes’ChurchinSt.Jamesas its Parish Priest, whose church he later rebuilt, he became involved intheBoard’sworkasanInstructorinMechanicalEngineering.Hewasresponsiblefortheintroductionoffull-timeeducationtoyoungpeopleintechnicalsubjects.

Later,whenhewas transferred toSanFernando to theSt.Paul’sAnglicanChurch,hepersuadedtheBoardofIndustrialTrainingtosetuptheJuniorTechnicalSchoolinJanuary1943,thestartoforganisedtechnicaleducationinTrinidadandTobago.OnsettinguptheschoolhehadarrangedwiththeauthoritiesofTrinidadLeaseholdsLimited,theCompanywhoownedtherefineryatPointe-a-Pierre,toemploytheboysleaving his school as apprentices, enabling them to enter the workshops oftheoilrefineryandpursuethevariouscraftsinengineering.

By1955, theaccommodationofferedhadbecomeinadequateandanew school, theSanFernandoTechnical Institute,wasbuilt atLesEfforts.

• 1980F.J.F.StreetlymedalforEngineeringtoGraduatesatUWIwas introduced

HAROLD F. SWANN (1890-1982)

Hewas the Principal of theNaparimaTeachers’TrainingCollegeaswellasthefounderandfirstprincipalofNaparimaCollege.He

startedHillviewCollegein1955.

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Environment

PETER BACON (1938-2003)

Professor Peter Bacon was a well-known wetland specialist. AcertifiedProfessionalWetlandScientist, his knowledge of coastal

and wetland ecology was highly valued both locally and internationally. Hewasalsoadedicatededucatorforover30yearsattheUniversityoftheWestIndies(UWI),wherehetrainedmanyyoungscientists.

England-born,hemigratedtoTrinidadandTobagowherehetaughtwhilestudyingforhisdoctorateatUWI.BaconproducedthefirststudyoftheecologyoftheCaroniSwampandwasthefirstPhDgraduateinzoologyfromtheSt.Augustinecampusin1969.

He began lecturing in zoology at UWI, Mona and then at St.Augustine.HeservedasProfessorandHeadoftheDepartmentofLifeSciences.Hehelped to improvestudent facilitiesandwasoneof thecreators of the firstMaster of Science programme in EnvironmentalSciencesattheFacultyofNaturalSciences,UWI,St.Augustine.

ProfessorBacon started research at the St.Augustine campus onthe ecology of coastal wetlands and invertebrates, developmentalimpact assessment in tropical islands, as well as the management and protectionofCaribbeanwetlandenvironments.HesupervisedresearchontheCaroniandNarivaSwampsinTrinidadandimportantwetlandareas in Tobago. He also studied the biology and conservation ofleatherbackturtlesinthe1970sand1980s.

During his life, he wrote several scientific papers, manuals andbooksincluding“The Natural Resources of Trinidad and Tobago and Flora and Fauna of the Caribbean.”

JOHN A. BULBROOK (1881-1967)

A geologist, he did a lot of archeological work digging up earlyevidenceofTrinidad’shistoryfromthetimehearrivedherefrom

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theUSAin1913.Hewasthecuratorof theNationalMuseumwherehe took care of some valuable exhibits that were being ignored. Hewrotethefollowing:‘TheAboriginesofTrinidad‘(1940),‘Excavation ofaMoundatPaloSeco’(1953),‘TheMeaningofArcheology’(1956),‘NotesConcerningExcavationofShellMoundsorKitchenMiddens’. There is a collection of hismaterial at theWest Indiana andSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

THOMAS C. CAMBRIDGE(1906-1967)

Anarcheologistandarchivist,heexploredandunearthedmanyrelicsfromoldAmerindiansites,historicmilitarysitesandsunkenboats

andships.He researchedTobagoespeciallybutdiedbeforehisworkcould be published. He had been made government archivist but again duetohisdeath,hislargecollectionofhistoricalobjectswerenotsorted.However,someofhisworkisonshowinTobagoattheMt.IrvineTrustofTobagoHistory.

MOLLY GASKIN

She is knowninternationallyforherworkinthefieldofnaturalresourcemanagement, public awareness and environmental education. In

1977, sheput together thefirst audio-visual environmental educationprogrammetakentoschoolsandcommunitygroupsthroughoutTrinidad.In 1982, she exhibited the first collection ofwildlife photographs inTrinidadandTobago,withtheproceedsgoingtothePointe-a-PierreWildFowlTrust,whichshehasdevelopedasitspresidentsincethelate1970s. Gaskin’s published works include A Creed of Nature, which was distributedtoschoolsandyouthgroupsthroughoutTrinidadandTobago.In1987shewasawardedtheHummingbirdMedalGold.

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WILLIAM INGRAM (1847-1924)

Hewasabirdexpert(aviculturist)whoestablishedthebirdsanctuaryontheislandofLittleTobagointheearly1900’s.

JULIAN KENNY (1930- 2011)

Professor Julian Kenny was a zoologist who wrote a lot aboutthe natural history of T&T and the Caribbean. He was also an

environmentalist, scientist, lecturer, photographer and author. He did researchonourfreshwaterfishes,oursavannas,wetlands,cavesystems,marinesystemsandcoralreefs.HebecameaSeniorFisheriesOfficerandlaterspent29yearsonstaffintheDepartmentofLifeSciencesatUWI,St. Augustine. He produced several books showing his photography. ThereisacollectionofhismaterialatNALISandatUWI.In2010hewas awarded the Chaconia Medal Gold.

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Fashion and Beauty Pageants

JANELLE PENNY COMMISSIONG (1953- )

She attended St.Ursula’s Elementary School andBishop’sAnsteyHighSchool.SheleftTrinidadattheageof13forNewYorkwhere

shelaterattendedtheFashionInstituteofTechnology.With a passion for fashion and her striking beauty, she returned

toTrinidadin1976andwonthehonourtorepresentT&TattheMissUniversePageantwhichwasheldintheDominicanRepublicin1977.

Shewent on to capture theMissUniverse crown at the pageant,makingallofT&Tproud.ShealsowontheMissPhotogenictitleatthecontest.Inhonorofheraccomplishment,threeT&Tstampsbearingherphotos were issued and a popular calypso sung by the Lord Kitchener.

• TrinityCross,1977

WENDY FITZWILLIAM (1972- )

WendyFitzwilliam grewup inDiamondVale,DiegoMartin andattendedDiegoMartinGirlsR.CandSt.Joseph’sConventinPort

ofSpain.Shegraduatedin1996fromtheUniversityofWestIndiesandthenfromHughWoodingLawSchoolasalawyer.ShewasadmittedtothebarinMay2000.

Atageof25sherepresentedT&Tatthe1998MissUniversepageantheld in Honolulu, Hawaii.

AsaresultofhercommitmenttofightingHIVandAIDS,shewashonoredbytheUnitedNationsinJune1998withthetitleofUNAIDSGoodwill Ambassador. She has narrated videos for UNAIDS and

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UNICEFontheplightofchildrenandadultslivingwithHIVandAIDSintheCaribbean.HerdreamtoheightenAIDSawarenessinTrinidadandTobagowasrealisedwhenTheHibiscusFoundationwasfoundedalsoin1998.Thenamewasinspiredbyheruseofthehibiscusflowersinherhair,inthelastsegmentoftheMissUniversePageant.TheWendyFitzwilliamPaediatricHospitalatMt.Hopeisnamedafterher.

• 1998ChaconiaMedalGold

GISELLE JEANNE-MARIE LARONDE- WEST (1963- )

GiselleLarondeattendedSt.Peter’sSchool,Point-a-PierreandtheUniversityofLondon,Englandandholdsablackbeltinkarate.Attheageof23LarondewontheMissWorldtitleasMissTrinidad

&TobagoinLondon,England,beatingout76othercontestantsattheAlbertHall,London,Englandin1986.

SheusedherprizemoneytoattendtheUniversityofLondonwhereshecompletedadegreeinSociologyandCommunication.Inhonourofheraccomplishment,aBWIAairplanewasnamedafterherandpostagestamps issued with her image.

• 1987ChaconiaMedalGold

MEILING ESAU (1946-)

Herpassionforfashionandfashiondesignstartedatanearlyage.In theearly1970’sshesetupherfirst studioandretailoutlet in

a renovatedgarage.She is renowned for herwork infine linens andnaturalfabrics.MeilinghasworkedcloselywithEmmyAward-winningcostume designer, Peter Minshall on his Carnival productions and other artisticpresentations.Thiscollaborationhaswonheraccolades,notably

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forherinvolvementintheopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe1996CentennialOlympicGamesinAtlanta,andforherworkwiththeMissUniversePageant,whichwasheldinTrinidadin1999.Manyfashiondesignershavefollowedinherfootsteps,mostnotablyAnya Ayoung-Chee,whocapturedtheworld’sattentionin2011bywinningthetopprize on the popular Project Runway. In 2008Meiling received theChaconia Medal Silver.

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Law

FRANCIS EVELYN MOHAMMED (F. E. M.) HOSEIN (1882-1936)

Arouca-born,hewasabrilliantOxfordeducatedlawyerandalsoapoliticianandtheMayorofArimafrom1929to1931.Inhistime,aperiodwhentherewaspressuretothrowinhislotwith

theEastIndiansectionofthepopulation,Hoseinobjectedtotakingsidessimplyonthegroundsofrace.InsteadhecalledforunitybetweentheIndianandAfricanmassesinthisisland.Hoseinwasdeeplyinterestedin the people ofTrinidad as awhole, and in civic affairs. Itwas hisdesiretoseehiscountrymoveawayfromcolonialdays.

Hewasactivelyinvolvedintheareaoflabourrelationsalso.Hissympathyfortheneglectedandhisloveforhistoryledtohis

becomingachampionoftheAmerindianpeopleofArima.Hefoughttohelp the Caribs maintain their customs, and contributed a great deal to promoting their interests. He even wrote the celebrated play Hyarima - the Cacique’s Daughter, which focused on the rich history of theAmerindian past, and the pressures ofmodern life.As theMayor ofArima,hereinstatedtheCaribfestivalofSantaRosa.

In1928,hispopularitysawhimelectedtooneofthesevenseatsintheLegislativeCouncilofTrinidadandTobago.

Another of his accomplishments was the construction of a roadconnectingArimatoBlanchisseusein1931.Beforethen,Blanchisseusewasreachableonlybysea,andwasisolatedfromtherestofthecountry.

JEAN PERMANAND

The highest position achieved by a woman in the Judiciary was reached by Justice Jean Permanand. Justice Permanand was admitted

asaBarristerofLawinTrinidadandTobagoin1962.Sheworkedasa

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StateCounselintheAttorneyGeneral’sChambersfrom1965andthenasTreasurySolicitor(Acting)from1979beforebeingappointedasaSeniorCounselin1981.JusticePermanandwasthefirstwomantobeappointedSolicitorGeneralinTrinidadandTobagoin1980andin1983becamethesecondfemaleHighCourtJudge.Shewasappointedasthefirst female Judgeof theCourtofAppeal in1993and served in thatroleuntil2002.OntwooccasionsduringhertimeasanAppealCourtJudgeshewascalledupon toactasChief Justiceof theRepublicofTrinidadandTobago.JusticeJeanPermanandhasgoneontoperformastheChairmanoftheLawReformCommission,asamemberoftheLawRevisionCommitteeandasamemberoftheJudicialLegalandServicesCommission.In2003shereceivedtheChaconiaMedalGold.

LENNOX A. P. O’REILLY(1880-1949)

Hewasthechairmanoftwoveryimportantcommittees:firstlytheFranchiseCommitteein1941andlatertheConstitutionalReform

Committee in 1947. He was also an important person as a lawyer,politician, businessman and sports administrator.

CHARLES WILLIAMS WARNER(1807-1887)

Father of PelhamWarner, hewas an important barrister, attorney-generalandpoliticianinthe1840’sto1860’s,easilyoneofthemost

powerfulpeopleinTrinidadduringthisperiod.Duringthistimeheledthe campaign to make our laws and institutions more English and less FrenchorSpanish.HedidmorethananyoneelseinthesettingupofQueen’sRoyalCollege.

HUGH O. B. WOODING (1904-1974)

SirHughWooding,S.C.,O.B.E.,wasabrilliantlawyerafterwhomTheHughWoodingLawSchoolatUWIisnamed.Hiscontribution

wasnotonlytothelaw,butalsoinpoliticsasMayorofPortofSpain

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in1943.In1971,hebecameChancelloroftheUniversityoftheWestIndies. Hewas amember of theConstitutionalReformCommittee,1947-1948 and our firstChief Justice after independence,1962-1968.There is a collection of hismaterial at theWest Indiana andSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

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Medicine

BERT ACHONG(1928-1996)

AfterexcellinginschoolatSt.Mary’sCollege,AchongenrolledatUniversityCollegeDublin,wherehereceivedhismedicaldegree.

Dr.AchongjoinedSirAnthonyEpstein,aleadingresearcherinvirusesassociated with cancer at the Bland Sutton Institute at MiddlesexHospital,co-discoveringtheEpstein-Barrvirus,thefirsthumantumorvirustobediscoveredwhichcausesmultiplecancersaswellasBurkitt’slymphoma.

In1971hemadeanothermajordiscovery,theHumanfoamyviruswhichbelongstotheretrovirusfamily(viruseswhichcontainRNAasthehereditarymaterialinplaceofthemorecommonDNA)andwasthefirstexampleofthistypeofinfectioninman.

Dr.Achongwroteseveralscientificarticlesonhisdiscoveriesandalsoauthoredandeditedbooksinhisareaofresearch.Keyamongthesewas a book co-edited with his team leader, Sir Anthony Epstein, The Epstein-BarrVirus.He lecturedformanyyears in theDepartmentofPathology at theUniversity ofBristol inEngland.Hewas known tobeadynamicpresenterwhohadagiftfor inspiringstudents,makingdifficultsubjectsseemstraightforwardandmakinghissubjectareaveryexciting.

COURTENAY BARTHOLOMEW(1931- )

Dr.Bartholomewstudiedmedicine inDublin, Ireland. In1965,hebecame the first Caribbean physician to obtain a Doctorate of

MedicinefromtheUniversityCollegeDublin.Thoughhewasoffered

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severalopportunitiesoverseas,hechosetoreturntoTrinidadin1967fortheopeningoftheUniversityoftheWestIndies’MedicalSchool.

Dr.Bartholomew’smanycontributions to themedicalfieldbeganwith his early research on acute pancreatitis, caused by the sting oftheTrinidadianscorpion.HisstudyontheprevalenceofhepatitiswasinstrumentalinadvisingtheGovernmentofTrinidadandTobagoabouttheneedforanationalhepatitisBvaccinationprogram.HediscoveredthefirstknowncasesofadultT-cellleukemiainTrinidadandTobagoand the southernCaribbean.HehasalsoworkedextensivelyonHIVandAIDS,anddiscoveredthefirstknowncaseofHIVandAIDSintheCommonwealth Caribbean.

In2000,Dr.BartholomewbecametheonlyscientistintheCaribbeantobeappointedtotheInternationalBioethicsCommitteeofUNESCO.Hehasover75publicationsinscientificliterature,haswrittenchaptersin7 textbooksofmedicine, and8bookson the relationshipbetweenscience and religion. • 1975-ChaconiaGoldMedal-forlongserviceinthefieldofhealth

andeducationinTrinidadandTobago• 1984–MRCP(Edinburgh)-ininternalmedicineinthesub-specialty

ofgastroenterology• 1991-TheInternationalSocietyofRetrovirologyAward• 1997 - Professor Emeritus inMedicine - University of theWest

Indies• 1999-CharlesC.Shepard-AwardforScientificExcellence,Centers

for Diseases Control (CDC), presented to the Medical ResearchFoundationofTrinidadandTobago

• 2001 Republic DayAward - Citizens for a Better Trinidad andTobago(CBTT),2001

• 1991TheFatherofGastroenterologyintheWestIndies-HonouredbytheWestIndianSocietyofGastroenterology

• 1992 -Recognised for 25years of distinguished service -FacultyofMedicalScienceoftheUniversityoftheWestIndies,Kingston,Jamaica

• 2005 - University of the West Indies HIV andAIDS ResponseProgram(UWIHARP)-PioneerAward

• 2006-Classof2006/2007Award-DepartmentofClinicalMedicalSciencesattheFacultyofMedicalSciencesoftheUniversityoftheWestIndiesinSt.Augustine,

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MICHAEL BEAUBRUN(1924-2002)

ProfessorMichaelBeaubrunwasheldmanytitlesincludingDoctor,Professor and Senator. A psychiatrist by profession, Professor

Beaubrunmadeimportantcontributionstothefieldsofalcoholismandmentalhealth.In1956,hiseffortsledtotheintroductionofAlcoholicsAnonymousintheWestIndies.In1976hewasawardedtheChaconiaMedalGoldandin1998anhonouraryDoctorofSciencefromtheUWI.

ANDRE CIPRIANI(1908-1956)

Dr André Joseph Cipriani, Trinidad and Tobago’s first majorbiophysicist, was best known for his expertise on radiation and

pioneeringworkincancertreatment.Hewasoneofthefirstscientistsin the world with practical expertise in the medical applications ofradiation and was described as the most knowledgeable expert onradiationhazardsintheworld.

LOUIS A. A. DE VERTEUIL(1807-1900)

Arima-born, he attended medical school in Paris and was a doctor in T&Tforover50years.AsaRomanCatholic,hefoughtforbenefits

forthesectorandwasresponsibleforthefoundingofSt.Mary’sCollegeaftervisitingRometogethelpfromtheHolyGhostFathers.HewaselectedthefirstMayorofPortofSpainwhenitbecameaboroughin1853andagainfrom1859 to1864andwasa longstandingMemberof theLegislativeCouncil from1864 to 1895.Hewas the owner ofbothsugarandcocoaestatesandtheauthorofthebookTrinidad; Its Geography, Natural Resources, Administration, Present Condition and

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Prospects(1858).HewasmadeaCountoftheHolyRomanEmpirebythePopein1893andwasknightedbyBritainin1895.

SAMUEL EBENEZER ELLIOT(1901-1969)

Moruga-born, Orisha Leader and Healer, he was known popularly as PapaNiza.Accordingtohimhereceivedspecialpowerstoheal

the sick and cast out evil spirits. He was regarded as the leader or grand masteroftheOrishareligion.

SAMUEL F. GHOURALAL (1925-1991)

Dr. Samuel “The Guru” Ghouralal was a dedicated neurosurgerypioneerinTrinidadandTobago.BorninGuapo,heattendedNaparimaCollege,St.Mary’sCollege

andMcGill University in Canada. He was certified in neurosurgeryin thestateofNewYork in1956,and returned toTrinidad thatyear,determinedtosetuphisspecialtyinT&T.

Dr. Ghouralal was assigned part-time to both the Port-of-SpainGeneralHospitalandSanFernandoGeneralHospitalandlatergivenafull-timeposition.Hewasthecountry’sonlyneurosurgeon.Theheightofhisfamecamein1957,whenheextractedabraintumourfromanAmericansoldier.Thepatient’sspectacularrecoveryenabledhimtobewalkingagainwithinacoupleofdays.Ghouralal’s reputationspreadacrosstheregionandhewassoonbeingcalledtoSt.Vincent,St.Lucia,BarbadosandGuyanatoperformoperationsandgiveadvice.

With budding neurosurgeons joining the service, Dr. Ghouralalbecamethecountry’sSeniorNeurosurgeon.ThetrainingprogrammeheinitiatedwithinthehospitalgainedtherecognitionoftheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsinEngland.Becauseofhisknowledgeandexperience,he

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earnedthenicknameof“TheGuru.”Dr.GhouralalwentontoserveasPresidentoftheMedicalAssociationin1964,andwasassistantHospitalMedicalDirectorbetween1970and1982,finallyretiringin1985.

• 1980TrinidadandTobagoMedicalAssociationScrollofHonour• 1989ChaconiaMedalGold

BARBARA HULL (1939- )

For27yearsshecontributedtopublichealthanddiseasecontrolinT&T.She researched the spreadofHTLV-1andHIVand led the

Global Polio Eradication Program of theWorld Health Organisation(WHO).Shepreparedus for the1972poliooutbreakanddiscovered2 new strains of yellow fever and a seasonal virus that causedgastrointestinaldiseaseinchildren.In1986shereceivedT&T’sMedalofMeritGold.

WINSTON INCE (1930- )

Tunapuna-bornDr.WinstonIncewasoneoftheearlyexpertsinthefieldofheartmedicine(cardiology).Duringhiscareerheintroduced

echocardiography to thePort ofSpainGeneralHospital andgot freeopen-heart surgery for children. He haswritten and publishedmanymedicalfeaturesinregionalandinternationaljournals.

He attended La Brea R.C. School and St. Mary’s College. HeobtainedpostgraduatediplomasofMembershipoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians(MRCP),Edinburghspecialisingincardiologyin1960andtheMRCP,Londonin1961.

Formorethan50years,hiscareerwasfocusedonclinicalmedicine,clinicalcardiologyandteachingmedicalstudentsintheUWIEasternCaribbean Medical Scheme. He managed and developed the Paediatric

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and Adult Cardiology Services for over 25 years and retired fromtheGeneralHospital in1990asMedicalChiefofStaff.Heplayedasignificant role in the introduction of echocardiography, which isimportantinthediagnosisofheartdisease.

• 1989ChaconiaMedalGold• 1990 Trinidad and Tobago Medical Association Scroll of

Honour• 1999:HonourawardfromtheCaribbeanCardiacSociety

ANTOINE LEOTAUD(1814-1867)

HewasbelievedtohavehadthelargestmidwiferypracticeinTrinidadin the mid-nineteenth century. His writings on medicine won him

medalsfromtheParisSocietyofMedicineandhewasalsoazoologist,writingaboutourbirds(LesOiseauxdelaTrinidad)andfishes.

ARTHUR MCSHINE (1876-1948)

ArthurHuttonMcShinewasTrinidad andTobago’s first qualifiedspecialist eye surgeon. A generous person, he helped especially the

nation’spoor,forover40years.HewaseducatedatEasternBoys’GovernmentSchoolandQueen’s

Royal College. In 1896, hewon an Island Scholarship and chose tostudymedicineattheUniversityofEdinburgh,Scotland.

HehelpedtoformtheTrinidadAssociationforthePreventionandTreatmentofTuberculosistoimprovelivingconditionsinPort-of-Spainandtoreducespreadofthedisease.HewasamemberoftheCouncilof theMedicalBoard for 20 years and served asVicePresident andPresident.

He served at theTrinidadCo-operativeBank for 32 years, 28 ofwhich hewasChairman of theBoard.During these years, theBankbecameknownasthe“PoorMan’sFriend”.

In1914,whentheCityCouncilofPort-of-Spainwasre-established,he was among its first elected members. He was a member of theCouncil for14years,andwaselectedMayorfrom1921to1922and

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DeputyMayoronthreeoccasionsbetween1920and1926.Duetohisefforts, a pipedwater systemwas installed onLaventilleHill named“TheMcShineReservoir”whichstillservicestheareatoday.HeservedasamemberoftheExecutiveCouncilfrom1937to1943.

• HereceivedtheOrderoftheBritishEmpireandlater thetitleCommanderoftheMostExcellentOrderofthe British Empire.

HALSEY MCSHINE (1912-2006)

Halsey McShine attended Tranquillity Boys’ Primary School andQueen’sRoyalCollege,andspenthisentiremedicalcareerinthe

publichealthsystem.AsaspecialistsurgeonatthePortofSpainGeneralHospital (POSGH),hepioneeredmanymedicalprocedures includingcardiac surgery in theWest Indies.Heperformed thefirst successfulmitral valvotomy in the region in 1956 and thefirst repair of ductusarteriosusinTrinidadin1959.

McShine’smost celebrated accomplishmentwas theWest Indies’firstopen-heartoperationusinghypothermiaonMay22nd1968attheSanFernandoGeneralHospital.Hispatientwasasix-year-oldboywithadefectiveheartvalve.

After a long and illustrious career spanning some 50 years, Dr.McShineretiredin1992.

He served on the Task Force that developed the Mount HopeMedical Sciences Complex and was past President of the TrinidadMedicalAssociationandtheChestandHeartAssociationofTrinidadandTobago.

• 1962OBE(OrderoftheBritishEmpire)• 1969ChaconiaMedalGold

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J. LENNOX PAWAN(1887-1957)

JosephLennoxPawanhadhisearlyeducationatSt.Mary’sCollege,PortofSpainandthenlateratEdinburghUniversityinEngland.InthefieldoftropicalmedicineDr.Pawandiscoveredthesourceof

thedeadlyrabiesvirusintheearly1930’swhichledtothedevelopmentofavaccineandwhichsavedmanyhumanlivesaswellasmanyanimalsfromthepoisonofthevampirebat,thesource.HealsowasanexpertontubercolosisandmalariaandwasanimportantpersoninthefighttogetridofthemfromT&TandtheentireCaribbean.

• 1934MemberoftheBritishEmpire(OBE)• 1954ConsultantonrabiestotheUSAgovernment• 2002PAHOhonouredhimasa“supremescientist”posthumously

asa“HeroinHealth”forhiscontributiontothedevelopmentofpublichealth.

HENRY PIERRE(1904-1984)

Sir Henry Pierre was an outstanding general surgeon and pioneered lungsurgeryinT&T.HewasknightedbytheQueenin1957and

becametheonlynationaltoreceivetheUnitedStatesMeritoriousNavalCitationforhisservicetotheU.S.military.HewasalsoactiveintheTrinidadMedicalSocietyandtheRedCrossSociety,whichheservedasPresident.In1974,hewasawardedtheChaconiaMedalGold.

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THEODOSIUS POON-KING (1928- )

TheodosiusPoon-King iscredited forhisgroundbreakingworkondiabetes,theeradicationofacutenephritisandthereductionofthe

highincidenceofrheumaticfeverinTrinidadandTobago.HeattendedBicheCanadianMissionSchoolandAroucaBoys’RC

SchoolandthenSt.Mary’sCollege,whereheexcelledinlanguagesandhistory.

At the University College Dublin he graduated with first-classhonoursin1953,winningthreegoldmedals.Hethendidpostgraduatetraining in cardiology at Harvard Medical School, working with the researchgroupintheArteriosclerosisUnitoftheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalthatidentifiedfournewriskfactorsforcoronaryheartdisease.He continued his postgraduate training in endocrinology as House Physician at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London where he developedapassionforresearch.

In 1958, he took up the post of Specialist Physician at the SanFernandoGeneralHospital.HediscoveredthatscorpionstingscausedinflammationoftheheartmuscleandpublishedthereportintheBritishMedicalJournal.In1960,heundertookanextensivestudyondiabetesin Trinidad. His findings were reported in the prestigious medicaljournal,TheLancet,in1968.

HeestablishedtheStreptococcalDiseaseUnitattheSanFernandoGeneralHospitalin1966andwithhisco-researchersdiscoveredfournewtypesofstreptococciduringepidemicsfrom1965to1971.Healsostudiedyellowfeverandidentifiedthefirstpersonwiththevirusinanoutbreakin1977.

• 1975ChaconiaMedalGold

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ELIZABETH QUAMINA (1929 – 1997)

ElizabethQuaminawasborninWales,sherosetothepostofChiefMedicalOfficer in1979andbecame thefirst female and longest

serving(33years)ChiefMedicalOfficer(CMO)inthenation’shistory.Sheattended theUniversityofLondon(1960)whereshequalified inMedicine and Public Administration.

Quamina served in the public health system where she held several senior positions including Medical Officer (1955), County MedicalOfficerofHealth(1965),PrincipalMedicalOfficer(1969)andfinallyCMO(1979).Herworkinthehealthsectorisdocumentedinthemanystrides taken under her watch for improvement of public health andaccesstoproperhealthcare.Sheplayedamajorroleinorganisingtheimmunisation programmes against Polio. She was also instrumental in theBreastFeedingProgram.

Hereffortstowardsimprovementofthestatusofthehealthsectorresulted inbetterprimaryhealthcareandalso the formulationof thefirstNationalHealthPlanofT&T.QuaminachairedtheNationalAIDSCommittee and served on many other Cabinet-appointed committees including the Task Force that planned and implemented the EricWilliamsMedicalSciencesComplex(1981–1987).

Quamina was an active member of the National Cancer Societyand worked hard to establish screening clinics for prostate, cervicalandbreastcancer.TheNationalCancerRegistry,nowknownastheDr.ElizabethQuaminaCancerRegistry,wasnamedinherhonour.

• 1980ChaconiaMedalGold• 1985PAHOAwardforAdministration;MedaloftheMedical Society,WHO(WorldHealthOrganisation)• 1986ScrollofHonourfromtheTrinidadandTobagoMedical Association • 1988PAHO/WHOGoldMedalforHealthforAll

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LALL SAWH (1951- )

Lall Sawh is a urologist who is well known throughout the Caribbean andtheworld.HeintroducedtoTrinidadandTobago“buttonhole

surgery”,aprocedurebywhichasmallcutismadewhenperformingkidneysurgery.HewasalsothefirstdoctorintheCaribbeantoperformakidneytransplantfromalivepersonaswellasthefirstinTrinidadandTobagotoperformabloodlesstypeofsurgery.Dr.Sawhalsointroducedthelithotripter,adeviceforremovingkidneystoneswithoutsurgery.In1993hewasawardedtheChaconiaMedalGold.

LESLIE SPENCE (1922- )

Professor Leslie Spence was instrumental in the control andpreventionofepidemicdiseasesinT&T.Heisknownforhiswork

on arboviruseswhich included the discovery of several new viruses,andforhisworkonenterovirusesincludingthepoliovirus.AsDirectorof theTrinidadRegionalVirusLaboratory(TRVL),hedeveloped thefieldofdiagnosticvirologytoserveTrinidadandTobagoandthewiderCaribbean.

In1951,heenteredtheTrinidadMedicalServiceandworkedattheGeneralHospitalinPortofSpainandintheDistrictofSangreGrande.In1954,hewassecondedtotheTrinidadRegionalVirusLaboratoryoftheRockefellerFoundationandbeganacareerinvirology.

HenamedthreevirusesafterplacesinTrinidadandTobago–Mayaro,Oropuche and Tacaribe. His studies on an outbreak of poliomyelitisinGuyanain1962ledtotheapplicationofpoliocontrolmeasuresinTrinidadandTobago.ProfessorSpenceisalsorecognisedforstartingandcarryingonrotavirusworkinTrinidadandTobago.Rotavirusesareamajorcauseofdiarrhoealdiseaseinyoungchildren.

• 2008ChaconiaMedalSilver

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ELISHA TIKASINGH (1927- )

A former student ofNaparimaCollege,Dr. ElishaTikasinghmadesignificantcontributionsinthefieldofmedicalscientificresearch.Hedescribedthe‘NarivaVirus’andassistedin thedescriptionof the‘RestanVirus’,bothnewtoscienceatthattime.However,hisgreatestachievementwas the development of a technique for the productionof large amounts of fluids with antibodies in mice, used to identifyarboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses). During his career, he wrotemanyarticlesandpublishedthebook“TheHuntforCaribbeanViruses:AHistoryoftheTrinidadRegionalVirusLaboratory”.ThemainlecturetheatreatCARECiscalledtheDr.ElishaTikasinghLectureTheatreinhishonour.Awards:1964DistinguishedServiceAwardinRecognitionofOutstandingContributionstoPublicHealthfromtheCaribbeanPublicHealthAssociation; 1995Award forOutstanding Service toMedicalTechnologyfromtheCaribbeanAssociationofMedicalTechnologists;2001Award for Excellence for Outstanding ScientificAchievementsinEntomology,ParasitologyandVirologyfromtheCaribbeanHealthResearch Council.

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Oil

ARTHUR BEEBY-THOMPSON

Hewas important to theearlydevelopmentofouroil industry.Asageologist,Thompsoncame toTrinidadat thebeginningof the

1900’stolookfor‘blackgold’.HiseffortsweremainlyintheGuapoareaandsobeganthedevelopmentofthePointFortindistrict.In1907hedrilledtoadepthat700feetandfoundoil.Itwasinthisareathatan oil refinery started after he sold his company, Trinidad OilfieldsLimited,whichbecameShellin1957andlaterTrinidadandTobagoOilCompany.HealsodrilledinotherareasespeciallyintheFyzabadandSiparia regions. He wrote about his oil drilling in his book Oil Pioneer.

WALTER DARWENT(1821-1868)

A Civil engineer and oil pioneer who headed the effort that firstdiscoveredoilinTrinidadin1866.

GEORGE R. GILKES(1863-1914)

HewasasurveyorwhoissaidtohavefoundoilintheGuayaguayareareasometimebetween1897and1900,samplesofwhichhetook

tohisfriendJohnLeeLumwhointurngavethemtoRandolphRust.HewastotallyagainstthetakeoverofTrinidad’soilbyforeigncompanieswhichsadlyledtohisdownfall.

HANS G. KUGLER (1893-1986)

Switzerland-born, he came to Trinidad in 1913. His devotion togeology and palaeontology and the advancement and worldwide

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promotionofresearchonTrinidadandthecompilationofaGeologicalMap of Trinidad in 1961, earned him the title “Father of TrinidadGeology”.Fifty-one speciescontain the scientificdesignationkuglerinamedinhonouroftheirdiscoverer.

Hemappedthe“Apexanticline”fortheApexOilCompany,leadingto record-breakingoilfinds.Hemovedon to theTrinidadPetroleumDevelopmentCompanyin1925,andwithhisguidance,ittoostruckoilin Palo Seco.

In1928,Kugler invitedConradSchlumberger to demonstrate hiselectricalloggingmethodinTrinidadonbehalfofTrinidadLeaseholdsLimited (TLL), which became routine oil well drilling practice. Hissuggestionsledtotheestablishmentofabiostratigraphic laboratory in Pointe-à-Pierrein1929,afterhewasappointedChiefGeologistofTLL.

Also at Kugler’s prompting, TLL introduced aerial photo-interpretation to Trinidad in 1936, and built new laboratories. In1939,KuglerwasinvolvedinbordersettlementnegotiationsovertheownershipofPatosIslandandSoldadoRockintheGulfofPariaandthelocationoftheTrinidad/Venezuelaborder.ThesettlementthatfollowedwonTrinidaddrillingrightsintheGulfofParia,adrillingzonewhichlaterturnedouttobeextremelyproductive.HealsoorganisedthefirstCaribbeanGeologicalConferencein1939.

In 1956, Texaco took over TLL and Kugler left Trinidad forSwitzerlandin1959,leavingbehindhismasterpiece–a1:100,000mapofTrinidad that accounted for years of geologicalmapping, researchandphotodata.Officiallypublishedin1961,themapwasthegeologicalstandardfor35years.

JOHN LEE LUM(1842-1921)

Born inChina, he arrived inTrinidad in1880and set uphisowngeneralstore,LeeLumandCompany,inPortofSpainfiveyears

laterwhichgrewintoachainofgeneralstoresinthecountryareas.Hewas a large cocoa planter as well.

But it is in the areaofoil exploration thathemadean importantcontribution when he partnered with Randolph Rust. He provided themoneyneeded for this venture and in1906 they formedGeneral

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PetroleumPropertiesofTrinidad.

RANDOLPH T. H. RUST(1854-1930)

Randolph Rust arrived in Trinidad in 1881. Following WalterDarwent’spioneeringeffortinthe1860’s,Rustwasthepersonwho

established the oil industry in Trinidad.With financial support fromJohnLeeLum,hebeganoilexplorationinAriperoandGuayaguayare;in1901,hestruckoil.ThissuccessenabledhimtogetfinancialbackingfromCanada to form an oil exploration company.Rust also becameinvolved inpolitics.Hewas anelectedmemberof thePortofSpainBoroughCouncilinthe1890’sandthenamemberofthePortofSpainCityCouncilfrom1914-1929andMayorofPortofSpain1920-1921.

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Politics

RUDRANATH CAPILDEO (1920-1970)

The Rudranath Capildeo Learning Resource Centre at the Ministry ofEducation inCouva is a tribute to this genius ofmathematics

who become an important political person as political leader of theDemocraticLabourParty(DLP)from1960-1969.

Hegrewup in the family’s ‘LionHouse’ inChaguanasandwaseducatedatQueen’sRoyalCollegeinPortofSpainandtheUniversityof London where he obtained a B.Sc. in Mathematics and Physics,aM.Sc. inMathematics in 1945 and also hisPh.D. inMathematicalPhysicsin1948.

Later,havingqualifiedasalawyerinEnglandin1958,hereturnedtoTrinidadtopracticehisnewprofessionandbeganhispoliticalcareerwhenhereplacedBhadaseSaganMarajasleaderoftheDLPin1960.

He is best known, perhaps, for his interest and understandingofEinstein’sTheory of SpecialRelativity.Hiswork resulted in newtheories,suchasthe“TheoryofRotationandGravity”or“Capildeo’sTheory.”

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 1969TrinityCross.

MAKANDAL DAAGA(1935- )

From Laventille, he was born Geddes Granger whose political party NJAC,theNationalJointActionCommittee,wasformedoutofthe

‘BlackPower’uprisingof1970andwhichhadagreat impacton the

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courseofourhistory.It isapoliticalpartythathassurvivedall theseyearsandtodayhecarriesthetitle‘ChiefServant’withNJACasoneofthemembersofthecoalitiongovernmentinT&T.

ALBERT GOMES

(1911-1978)

As a Belmont boy, he attended Pamphylian High School and later attendedhighschoolinEngland.Hewasoneofthemostimportant

politicalpeoplebeforetheriseofDr.EricWilliamsandwasastrongsupporterofthecalypsoandsteelbandculture,aswellasthearts.Heis credited with encouraging artists like Boscoe Holder, Carlyle Chang andSybilAtteck.Hewasalsoawriterandjournalist.

Hewasafounderof theFederatedWorkersTradeUnion in1937andwas an electedmember of the Port of SpainCityCouncil from1938-1947aswell as thedeputymayorofPortofSpain from1944-1947,memberoftheLegislativeCouncilfrom1945-1956andMemberofParliamentfrom1958-1962.HethenmigratedtoBritain.

His writings include his autobiography Through a Mazeof Colour (1974)andanovel,AllPapa’sChildren(1978).

ALPHONSO P. T. JAMES(1901-1962)

Tobago-born,alsocalled“Fargo”,hewasalwaysfightingforthebestinterestsofTobagohavingservedintheLegislativeCouncilfrom

1946 to1961.As a tradeunionist hewasoneof the foundersof theFederatedWorkersTradeUnion.HishardworkonbehalfofTobagoresultedin,tonameafew,gettingtheelectricityserviceestablishedintheisland,havinganew,larger“Hillsborough”Dambuilt,andadeep-waterharbouratScarborough.In1993hewasawardedtheChaconiaMedal Gold.

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BHADASE SAGAN MARAJ(1920-1971)

BhadaseSaganMarajwasbornandgrewupinCaroniinadevoutHindufamilywherehisfatherwasthevillageelder.Hebecamea

strongsix-footerandevenwasawrestlerinhisearlieryears.Bythetimehewas19,Bhadasehadpurchasedasmallboatandwas

miningsandfromtheCaroniRiverbedwhichhesoldtotheAmericanswhowereconstructingmilitarybasesinTrinidadduringWorldWarII.His relationship with the Americans grew and he was able to purchase a docksitefromtheAmericans,offWrightsonRoad,in1947for$182,000.BythetimeBhadasewas30,hewasalreadyamillionaire.

In his ‘30s, and into his ‘40s,Bhadase took a greater role in theupliftmentofHinduismandin1952becametheleaderinthecommunityandthePresident-GeneralofthenewlyformedSanatanDharmaMahaSabha(SDMS).By1956,theSDMShadestablished40primaryschoolsandtheSDMSEducationBoardofManagement.AlargeportionofthecostsofestablishingtheseschoolswasabsorbedbyBhadase.

Hisroleinpoliticsstartedin1956whenhesupportedChankaMaharajtowintheStGeorgeconstituency.HelatercontestedtheTunapunaseatin1950asanindependentcandidateandwon. HeformedthePDPin1953.Asapolitician,hissupportwastheSDMSandthesugarworker’union,ATSE&FWTU.From1958,hewas the leaderof theDLPandintheFederalelectionsofthatyear,theDLPwon6outof10seats.HehandedoverleadershipoftheDLPtoRudranathCapildeoin1960.

He was instrumental in the movement that resulted in Divali being firstdeclaredapublicholidayin1966.

MURIEL DONAWA McDAVIDSON(1929-2001)

Muriel Donawa-McDavidson served in the Senate and the House ofRepresentatives, both in theGovernment and inOpposition.

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HermanyyearsinParliamentspannedfrom1966-1991duringwhichtimesheservedas theMinisterofSports,CultureandYouthAffairs,theMinisterintheMinistryofthePrimeMinister,theMinisterintheMinistryofEducationandCulture,andastheMemberofParliamentforFyzabad(threeterms),LaventilleEast/MorvantandSanJuan/Barataria.

KAMALUDDIN MOHAMMED(1927- )

KamaluddinMohammedhasthedistinctionofbeingoneofthelongestservingmembers of Parliament, serving some 30 years between

1956and1986.HerepresentedfirsttheconstituencyofSt.JosephandlaterBarataria.DuringhistimeservingT&TinthegovernmenthewasatvarioustimestheMinisterofAgriculture,Health,LocalGovernment,ExternalAffairsandPublicUtilities.HewasalsoPresidentoftheWorldHealth Organisation.

Hewas responsible for thefirst Indian radioprogram inTrinidadbackin1947andplayedamajorpartinbringingtotheforefrontsuchartistsasTarranPersad, IsaacYankaran,ChampaDevi,BholaPersadandHenry‘Tooloom’Dindial.Hisprogram“IndianTalentonParade”onRadioTrinidadlasteduntil1962whenhegaveupbroadcasting.HisbrothersMoeanandShamcontinuedwhereheleftoff,startingIndianVarietyin1962andMastanaBaharin1970.During his term as Foreign Affairs Minister, Mohammed receivedawardsfromBrazil,Venezuela,SenegalandLiberia.Biography:Kamal: A lifetime of politics, religion and culture by Hamid A.Ghany(1996)

• 2012:OrderofCaricom• 2011:HonoraryDegree ofDoctor ofLaws,University of the

WestIndies• 2010:OrderoftheRepublicofTrinidadandTobago• 2009:NationalRepublicDayAwardawardedbyCitizensfora

BetterTrinidadandTobago(CBTT)• 1999:AppointedAmbassadortoCaricombythegovernment

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MICHAEL MAXWELL PHILIP(1829-1888)

Asa lawyerhewas the solicitor-general foranumberofyearsaswellasthefirstnon-whiteMayorofPortofSpainfrom1867-1870.

HewasalsoaMemberoftheLegislativeCouncilfrom1871-1888andactedasAttorneyGeneralontwooccasions.Healsofoughtthecolonialgovernment for their anglicization policieswhich he viewed as anti-catholic. He wrote the novel ‘EmmanuelAppadocca’in1854,perhapsthefirstnovelwrittenbyaTrinidadian.

KARL T. HUDSON-PHILLIPS(1933- )

Hebecamealawyerin1959andhasmadeimportantcontributionsin thefieldsof lawandpoliticsasa formerAttorneyGeneralof

TrinidadandTobagoandaformerjudgeoftheInternationalCriminalCourt.HewasalsoleadCounselinthemurdertrialofGrenadianPrimeMinister Maurice Bishop.

HeservedasaMemberofParliamentfrom1966to1976andbetween1969and1973asAttorneyGeneralandMinisterofLegalAffairs. Inthisrolehepilotedthedreaded“PublicOrderAct”whichwasproposedby the then government in response to the Black Power riots and ArmyMutinyof1970.TherewasacalypsocomposedandsungbytheMightyChalkdust“AhfraidKarl”.In1974,Hudson-Phillipsfoundedthe National Land Tenants and Ratepayers Association of Trinidadand Tobago and in 1980 he founded the Organisation for NationalReconstruction (ONR), a political party which eventually joined theNationalAllianceforReconstruction(NAR)whichcontestedthe1986generalelectionsandwon33ofthe36seatstoformthegovernment.AswithDr.EricWilliams,healsofelloutoffavourwithPrimeMinisterANRRobinsonand retired fromactivepolitics.Hewasawarded theChaconiaMedalGoldin1975andtheOrderoftheRepublicofTrinidadandTobagoin2010.

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LIONEL F. SEUKERAN(1908-1992)

HewasoneofthedelegateswhoattendedtalksinEnglandtofinaliseourindependencein1962.Prior tothat inthe1940’shewasthe

President-GeneraloftheAllTrinidadSugarEstatesandFactoryWorkersTradeUnion,aMemberof theLegislativeCouncilandaMemberofParliamentfrom1956-1966.In1985hereceivedtheChaconiaMedalGold.

ISABEL TESHEA (1911-1981)

She was a social worker, a politician and a diplomat during her impressive career. Her name is associated with many “firsts”

in Trinidad and Tobago; the first woman elected to the House ofRepresentatives in 1961, the first woman minister from 1963-1967,thefirstwomantoserveasanambassadorforthiscountryin1970toEthiopia.In1981shewasawardedtheTrinityCross.

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Public ServiceJOHN BRIERLY

(Around 1835-1915)

HewasoneoffivemembersoftheRoyalIrishConstabularywho,in1874,wereappointedtovariouspostsintheTrinidadPolicetohelp

reorganise the force.Hewasassigned to thedetectivebranch,whichhadbeensetup in1862 forwhich thenewspaperspraisedhiscleverandextraordinarywork.Inthe1890shebecameSeniorInspectorandlaidoutPortofSpainandSanFernandointo‘beats’.Duringhisthirtyyearsinthepoliceforce,hetravelledthroughouttheisland,establishingapolicesystemwhichwasmodeledmainlyonthelinesoftheRoyalIrishConstabulary.HewastheauthorofTrinidadPoliceManual(1879)and TrinidadConstabularyManual(1907). He also published a book, TrinidadThenandNow(1912).

RANDOLPH BURROUGHS (1930-1996)

HewastheformerpolicecommissionerofTrinidadandTobagointhe late1970sand80’sbeforehis fall fromgrace.Hebeganhis

policecareerin1950.Duringtheearlyseventies,hewastheleaderoftheflyingsquadthatmadequiteanameforitselfbystoppingcriminalsandcriminalactivityoftheday.In1969hereceivedtheMedalofMeritGoldandin1980,theTrinityCross.

EDWIN W. CARRINGTON (1939- )

He is the former Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community(CARICOM), serving from 1992–2010. Tobago-born, he has

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servedtheCaribbeanregionsince1975inmanyareas.AmongthemanyawardshehasreceivedaretheTrinityCross(2005),ChaconiaMedalGold(1987),OrderoftheCaribbeanCommunity,TheCacique’sCrownofHonourandtheOrderofJamaica.

WILLIAM DE BOISSIÈRE(1872-1947)

Maraval-born,hewasan importantperson in thedevelopmentofthatregion,thesonofWilhelminaP.deBoissièreandDr.J.V.de

Boissière,ownersof theChampsElyséesEstate.Asasoldierheroseto the position of commander of the 8thBattalion of theWest IndiesRegimentinFranceandItalyandfoundedtheTrinidadLightInfantryknown today as the Mounted Branch. He was also appointed as the ProtectorofEastIndianImmigrantsforaperiodoftimein1914.HewasaMemberoftheLegislativeCouncilfrom1914to1930.Hewasinvolved in boxing and the start up of the sport of horse racing.Anexcellent sportsman, he representedTrinidad in athletics, cricket andwascaptainofthepoloteamformanyyears.

KAYE DOWLAND

Duringthe1830stothe1850shewasanimportantfigureinTobagoholding many positions of responsibility. He left very detailed

records on population, production and notable events during that period.

JEAN (GENE) MILES (1930-1972)

ShejoinedthePublicServicein1952andby1966wasakeywitnessin an enquiry into allegations of corruption in the gas station

businessthatshebroughttothefront.ShehadworkedattheMinistryofPetroleumandMinesandtheMinistryofLabour.Shelaterlostherjobandfellonhardtimes,mentallyandfinancially.Her’sisafascinatingstory that has been written about in a book Gene Smiles andthesubjectofaplayMissMiles:WomanoftheWorld.--DeVerteuil,Anthony.The Story of Gene Smile and the Gas Station Racket,PariaPublishingCo.Ltd.,1981.

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--TonyHall’splayMissMiles:WomanoftheWorld,2011• 1989:MedalofMerit,Gold

JESSICA PHILLIPS(1925-1986)

Shewasoneof12womenselectedtojointhePoliceServicein1955.She representedT&T in table tennis and also played netball and

hockey.SheretiredasSeniorSuperintendentin1984inchargeoftheWomen’sPoliceBranchwhichshewasmainlyresponsibleforformingearlier.

ENOS SEWLAL

GovernmentArchivist.HewasanimportantpersonintheOfficeofthe Prime Minister when the need to start keeping better records

(archives)wasrecommended.Sewlalwasappointedtobeinchargeofthis process in 1960 andwas responsible for setting up theNationalArchives as we know it today. He held the position of GovernmentArchivistfrom1960-1979.HewasawardedthePublicServiceMedalofMeritSilverin1970.

JOYCE WONG SANG

Shespentalmost30yearsinthePublicServiceandisbestrememberedforherpioneeringeffortsinthesettingupoftheBestVillageprogram

inthe1960’swhichshecoordinateduntil1986.

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Radio and Television

RadiohaditsstartinTrinidadandTobagoatRadioTrinidadonthe730AMbandin1947whiletelevisionhaditsstartatTTT,Trinidad

andTobagoTelevisionin1962.Thereweremanyvoices and faces the nation came to knowand

recognise, among them Desmond Bourne, Freddie Wharwood, June Gonsalves, Barbara Assoon, Glen Antoine, Ed Fung, Frank Hughes, Leo de Leon, Trevor McDonald, Horace James, Sam Ghany, Bob Gittens, Errol Chevalier, Pat Mathura, Clyde Alleyne, Carl Redhead, Aunty Kay, Don Proudfoot, Moean Mohammed, Hazel Ward, Holly Betaudier, Raphie Knowles, Brenda de Silva, Ken Laughlin, Frank Pardo, Jimmy Wong, Ashton Chambers, Hans Hanoomansingh, Mervyn Telfer, Jones P. Madiera, Ann Austin, Ian Ali and Farouk Muhammad.

IAN ALI(1937-2007)

BeforeSesameStreettherewasRikkiTikki,hostedby“Uncle Tavi” (Jose Ramon-Fortune), and later by “Uncle Ian”Ali on TTT.

His passion for Carnival inspired him to design for Carnival bands,play steel-pan and in later years, to do carnival commentary onTVand radio. From the 1970s to the 1990s, he produced and presentedseveraltelevisionshows.Hetaughtadultshowtopainton“PaintingforPleasure”withAVMTelevisionstationand“RikkiTikki”onTTTwasthe first television program in theCaribbean forCaribbean children.Oneofthemostpopularsegmentsoftheshowinvolved“Story-Time’’where he would paint on huge canvasses, showing an original Caribbean story as he told it.

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SALISHA ALI (1951-1987)

Shewasoneof the leading televisionpresentersof the1970’sandearly80’s,knownforconfidentandclearreadingofthenews.What

wasspecialaboutherwasthatshewasconfinedtoawheelchair,havinglost both her legs in a train accident while still at primary school. She inspired those around her with her courage and strength. Education was importanttohersosheleftT&Ttofurtherherstudies,butpassedawaywhileworkingonherMaster’sdegreeinSpecialEducation.

HOLLY BETAUDIER (1925- )

Hisnameisassociatedwiththetelevisionseries“ScoutingforTalent”which ran for many years on TTT and where many of our top

artistesgottheirfirstbreak.Duringhiscareer,hewasalsoaradiohost,announcerandmasterofceremoniesbecomingknownas“HollyB”.DuringhisstintatRadioTrinidad,helaunchedtheChristmasprogram,“ParangwithHolly,”whichlaterbecameatelevisionseries.In1979hereceived the Hummingbird Silver Medal.

HANSLEY ‘HANS’ HANOOMANSINGH(1942- )

For his many years of service and dedication to culture andbroadcasting, especially in radio and television, he was awarded an

honourarydoctorsdegreebyUWIin2010.Hewasaproducer,editor,

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newsanalystandanchorofTTT’s“Panorama”intheearlydays.Duringhis career he has interviewed hundreds of personalities, including,BishopDesmondTutu,MotherTeresa,andallourpastPresidents.Hisprogramme“FromtheSilverScreen”wasaverypopularradioprograminthe1960s.TheDivaliNagaristheproductofhisvision.In1966atage24,hewentintonationalpoliticsbecomingtheyoungestMemberofParliament in the Commonwealth. He received the Hummingbird Gold Medalin1990.

ALLYSON BRENDA HENNESSY (1948-2011)

Belmont-born,Hennessywas a great supporter of our culture andsports. SheattendedSt.Theresa’sElementaryandSecondaryschoolsand

later Holy Name Convent.Hennessy(bornHezekiah)hasbeendescribedastheOprahWinfrey

ofT&T, suchwasher local popularity formanyyears as oneof ourmostlovedtelevisionpresenters.TrainedintheUnitedKingdom,shejoinedTrinidadandTobagoTelevision(TTT)andwentontohosttheprogramCommunityDateline for several years until 2005when thestation closed.

In2009shereceivedtheMediaExcellenceawardfromtheTrinidadandTobagoPublishersandBroadcastersAssociation.

In2010,shebeganco-hostingTheBox,adailyTVtalkshowonthe Gayelle Network and also had her own television program, Allyson 10-12.

Shewas a familiar face ashostofCarnival activities and specialevents.

ACordon-Bleu trained chef, Hennessywas a co-ownerwith hersisteroftheVeniMangéRestaurantinWoodbrook,PortofSpain.

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RALPH “RAPHIE” KNOWLES(1915-1975)

Hiswas a familiar voice both on radio and television as a sportscommentator and sports news presenter for many years. His

amazingmemoryfordetailsenabledhimtoworkwithout thebenefitofascriptorteleprompter,onthewidevarietyofsportsandsportingpersonalities. He too was a sportsman of note, representing T&T infootballandhockey.Healsoplayedfirst-classcricketformanyyears.In1972hewasawardedthePublicServiceMedalofMeritSilver.

SURUJPAT “PAT” MATHURA(1923-2007)

HeattendedSt.Mary’sCollegeandwenton tobecomeapopularjournalistandradioannouncer.MathurastartedatRadioTrinidad

where he had to purchase time and sell commercials to cover the cost of his programwhich focused on Indian culture on the subcontinentandaroundTrinidad.He stayedatRadioTrinidad for47yearsasanannouncer, as well as producing radio programs, with special emphasis on Indian art, culture, and religion. During his distinguished career,hewaselectedMayorofPortofSpain. In1993hewasawarded theHummingbird Medal Gold.

TREVOR MCDONALD (1939- )

SanFernando-born,hehasmadeanameforhimselfasatoptelevisionbroadcaster inEngland after starting his career here at home.Sir

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TrevorMcDonald,OBEhashadalongcareerasanewspresenterwithITN.Hehasreceivedmanyawardsforhiswork.

SHAM MOHAMMED(1936-1994)

He was aMember of Parliament under three governments but isrecognised especially for his starting the television talent series,

Mastana Bahar, which he established in 1970, eight years after thearrival of television in this country in 1962.His brothersMoen andKamaluddinarealsopioneersinbringingEastIndianmusicandcultureto the local airwaves. He was awarded the Humming Bird Gold Medal in1996.

HAZEL WARD(1933- )

As a television broadcaster, her first job was as the first weatherreporteratTTTin1962.BeforethatshewasatRadioTrinidad.She

hostedTeenTalentandTwelveandUnder.ThesetwoshowswerethestartingpointformanyofT&T’stalentedartistes.ShealsopresentedotherprogramssuchasMainlyforWomenbuthermainareawasinherworkwithbringingthetalentofchildrentotheforefront.In1972shereceivedtheMedalofMeritSilverandin2000theHummingbirdMedalGold.

KATHLEEN “AUNTY KAY” WARNER (1904-1996)

KathleenWarner,néeDavis,popularlyknownas“AuntyKay”,wasat various times a medical student, pianist, singer, actress, dancer,

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salespersonandteacher.ShealsoservedbrieflyasanaldermanofthePort of Spain City Council. She was best known as the host of thepopular radio programme,AuntieKay’sChildren’sHour,whichwasairedfor43years,from1942to1985.ManyofTrinidadandTobago’sperformersmadetheirdebutonhershow.ThereisacollectionofhermaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.In1970shewasawardedtheHummingbirdMedalBronze.

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Religion

AMEER ALI (1898-1973)

A religious leader, he was the co-Founder of the TrinidadMuslimleague(TML),alongwithMohammedRafeeqandMohammedH.

Khan.Hewasthefirsttheologian(Moulvi)inhisreligioninT&Tandwas part of the committee thatwas responsible for gaining the legalrecognitionofMuslimmarriages.

SYED ABDUL AZIZ(1862-1927)

An important pioneer in the Muslim religion, he arrived here in 1883, already an Islamic scholar at age 21. He established the

IslamicGuardianAssociation and fought for the legal recognitionofMuslimmarriagesandagainst theprogramofEast Indian indenturedimmigration. In1907hewasmadeKazi (chief judge)of theMuslimcommunity.Hewas also a founder and first President of theTIA in1926.

PUNDIT CAPILDEO (1871-1926)

An indentured labourer, he was a popular pundit among fellowimmigrantsintheearlydays,fatherofRudranathandSimbhoonath

CapildeoandgrandfatherofVidiaV.S.Naipaul.Hebuilt‘LionHouse’,theChaguanasfamilyhomein1925whichwasfeaturedas‘HanumanHouse’inhisgrandson’sbookA House for Mr. Biswas.

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THOMAS DE BARCELONA

HewasaSpanishcatholicpriestresponsibleforestablishingmissionsfromaround1686.ThefirstmissionswereestablishedinNaparima,

PrincesTownandSt.Anns.

KENNETH GRANT(1839-1931)

Canadian-born, this Presbyterian missionary, along with John Morton,wasoneofthefoundingfathersofthePresbyterianChurch

ofTrinidadandTobago.HealsofoundedNaparimaCollege in1894.GrantMemorialPresbyterianSchoolinSanFernandoisnamedinhismemory. In1872he founded theSusamacharPresbyterianSchool inSanFernandoandwasitsministerfrom1870to1907.HewasthefatherofT.GeddesGrant, one of the early pioneers in business in Port ofSpain.

ELTON G. GRIFFITH (1913-1992)

ElectedSpiritualBaptistArchbishopin1942,hewasastrongadvocatefortherightsofBaptistworshippersandwaslargelyresponsiblefor

therepealof theShouters’ProhibitionOrdinancein1951andhavingBaptistministerslegallyrecognisedasmarriageofficersin1965.•1988:HummingbirdSilverMedal•1992:ChaconiaMedalGold.

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MOHAMMED IBRAHIM(1890-1956)

KnownasMI,hewasresponsibleforthebuildingoftheJamaMasjidonQueenStreet,PortofSpain.Heestablishedmaktabs(religious

instruction classes) and primary schools and served as President ofASJAinbothpreandpostWorldWarII1939-45periods.

CHARLES D. LALLA(1880-1958)

HewasthefirstlocalmoderatorofthePresbyterianchurchin1931aswellasaMemberof theLegislativeCouncilfrom1920-1924

andamemberoftheFranchiseCommitteein1941.Hewasalsoawellknownagriculturistandapiculturist(beekeeper).

HENRY MACLEOD

TheBritishGovernorofTrinidadfrom1840to1846,hewasoneofthekeypersons responsible for the increase in the importanceof

theAnglicanreligioninTrinidad.Underhim,theAnglicanChurchwasmadetheofficialchurchofthecolonyin1844.

RUKNUDEEN MEAH(1865-1963)

BorninIndia,hearrivedherein1893asanindenturedimmigrantandtaughtIslam,risingtobecomeanimportantMuslimspiritualleader.

HealsoimportedcopiesoftheQu’ranandotherIslamicbooksdirectlyfromIndiaandsoldthesetootherMuslims.TogetherwithfellowHajiMaulanaShahMohammedHassan,amissionaryfromIndia,heformedASJAin1933. HewaselectedKazi(chiefjudge)in1927uponthedeathofSyedAbdulandbecamethespiritualheadoftheMuslimcommunity.

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JOHN MORTON(1839-1912)

Canadian-born, he arrived here in 1868 and immediately beganhiswork asmissionary to the East Indians, alongwithKenneth

Grant. He spent the rest of his life working among the East Indianpopulation, seeking to convert as many of them as possible to thePresbyterianreligion.HestartedoffatIerevillagenearPrincesTownthenmoved themission headquarters to San Fernando.Morton thenmovedtoTunapunaintheNorthandfromthereheextendedtheworkofthemissioneastwardstotheSangreGrandearea,westwardstotheestatesinAranguezandSt.JamesandsouthwardstoCouvaandcentralTrinidad.Activelysupportedbythestateaswellas theplanters,newchurchesandschoolswereopenedupinruralareaswhichlayoutsideofthe education system.

SARAH MORTON(1843-1929)

She was a Canadian Presbyterian missionary who supported her husbandJohnMortoninthesettingupoftheCanadianMissionand

doingmissionaryworkespeciallyamongtheEastIndiansinTrinidad.She taught inmany schools, foundedHomes forGirls andhelped toraisefundsfortheMission.

JOHN G. MULHAUSER(1810-1844)

AnAnglicanminister,heplayedamajorpartintheestablishingoftheChurchofEngland inSanFernando.HebuiltSt.Paul’s, the

firstAnglicanchurchinSanFernandoandestablishedseveralprimaryschools, especially in rural areas.

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ARCHBISHOP ANTHONY PANTIN(1929-2000)

Anthony Gordon Pantin attended Sacred Heart School and the Belmont Boys’ Secondary RC School and won a Government

ScholarshiptoSt.Mary’sCollege.Attheageof17hedecidedtoenterthe priesthood.

He went to Canada, entered the novitiate of the Holy GhostCongregation in 1946 and attended the University of Montreal,graduatingwithaB.A.degree. He returned toTrinidad in1949andtaughtatSt.Mary’sCollegeforthreeyears.

In 1952 he left for Dublin, Ireland, where he pursued studies inTheology.HewasordainedasapriestinJulyof1955andwassenttoGuadeloupeasamissionaryuntil1959.He thenreturned toTrinidadandtaughtatFatimaCollegeinPortofSpainuntil1964.HecomposedtheFatimasong,stillusedtoday,toupliftstudentsandgivethempridein their school.

In1965,PantinreturnedtoStMary’sCollegewherehewaselectedtothepostofReligiousSuperiorandserveduntil1967.InNovemberofthatyear,hebecametheArchbishop,theheadoftheArchdioceseofPort of Spain. Father Pantin’sEpiscopal consecration took place onMarch19,1968.

He worked tirelessly with the disadvantaged and underprivileged, visiting hospitals and homes for the elderly and poor on ChristmasDay.HefoundedtheMaryCareCentretoprovideahomeforpregnantunmarried teenagers, was a mediator during the Black Power crisis and the 1990 attempted coup, and was instrumental in forming theInter-ReligiousOrganisation.ArchbishopPantinwasalsoactiveintheactivitiesof theAntillesEpiscopalConferenceand theassociationofCaribbean Bishops.

• 2000TrinityCross

CHARLES B. RAGBIR (1865-1951)

AnAnglicanpriestwhofrom1905-1926wasthesuperintendentoftheAnglicanChurch’sEastIndianmission,andconductedahuge

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programofconversion.HealsoservedasparishpriestofMayerfrom1926-1932andofBaratariafrom1935-1951.

RICHARD RAWLE (1812-1889)

HewasappointedthefirstAnglicanbishopofTrinidadin1872andwasresponsibleforbuildingseveralchurchesandstrengtheningof

the Anglican community.

Note

BHADASE SAGAN MARAJ,page117,wasalsoaprominentfigurein‘Religion.’

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Science, Engineering and Architecture

HURBERT BRINSLEY(1873-1952)

England-bornarchitect,hisworksincludedtheSanFernandoTownHallandtheTreasuryBuildinginPortofSpain.

GEORGE BROWN (1852-Not available)

Scotland-bornarchitect,hewasresponsibleforthere-buildingoftwobusinessblocks stretching fromHenry toChaconStreets,Port of

Spainafterthedestructivefirein1895.

ANTHONY CHAN TACK (1944- )

AnthonyChanTackgrewupinBelmontandattendedRosaryBoys’RCschoolandSt.Mary’sCollege.Heisachemicalengineer,who

hasbeeninthepetrochemicalindustryforoverthreedecadesandhasbeen an important person in making sure that industries related to the petrochemical industry are developed.

MICKEY CIPRIANI(1890-1934)

HeservedduringWorldWar1andwasapilotwhostartedtheprocessforanairroutetoTobagoandthesettingupofanairportthere.He

namedhistwo-seateraircraftHummingbird.Asanathleteheexcelledincycling,cricket,footballandevenboxing.HeplayedcricketforT&TinBarbadosin1911.Hestudiedlawandqualifiedin1914.

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ANDRE CROPPER(1961- )

Dr. Andre Dominic Cropper is a research scientist and innovator whoseinventionsarechangingthewaywelookatTV.Heisthe

mastermind behind the ground-breaking Flat Panel Display. He alsoholdstwopatentsfor theinexpensivemanufacturingof thinlayersoflaboratory-produceddiamondsforuseinTVdisplays.

WILLIAM ECCLES

Hewastheownerofmanyestates inTrinidadandstartedthefirstrailroad in 1859, the Cipero Tramroad in San Fernando, which

operatedbetweenPrincesTownandSanFernando.HealsoleftmoneytowardsthesettingupoftheTacariguaOrphanageforIndianchildren.

ADELBERT W. GRAY

AnAmerican,hesetupthefirstpracticalserviceoftelephonesforthebusinesscommunityin1885inPortofSpain.

MAURA IMBERT(1929- )

Ireland-born, her work as a chemist and her contribution to the developmentofastronomyinT&Tisimportant.In1968shebecame

aresearchassistant intheDepartmentofBiologicalSciencesatUWIand in 1973 obtained her PhD.Dr. Imbert lectured in theChemistryDepartment before joining CARIRI in 1978. There, she conductedresearchonessentialoils(suchasthymeoilwhichisusedincosmetics),foodproductsandmedicinalplants.Sheledaprojectinthefullutilisation

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ofmangoeswhichculminatedinaninternationalconferencein1994,theyearinwhichsheretiredfromCARIRIasPrincipalResearcher.

RANJIT KUMAR(1912-1986)

India-born, his first area of work when he arrived here was as adistributorofIndianfilmswhichhedidfortwoyears.ButitwasasaCivilEngineerhemadehisgreatestcontribution,responsiblefortheconstructionofWrightsonRoadonreclaimedlandanddevelopingtheMorvant Housing Estate. He also engineered irrigation and drainage systems of Port-of-Spain to helpwith the problem of flooding.As apoliticianduringthe1940’sand1950’shewasamemberandaldermanof the Port of Spain City Council, a member of the ConstitutionalReformCommitteeandaMemberoftheLegislativeCouncil.Hisbook Thoughts and Memories of Ranjit Kumar waspublishedin1981.

COLIN LAIRD(1924- )

England-born Colin Laird has been the sole architect in his architectural firmfor54years.Amonghismostsignificantachievementsarethe

design and completion ofNational Library and Information SystemsAuthority (NALIS) building in 2002, and earlier the design of theQueen’sHallwithitthenuniqueroofin1956.

But there are many more architectural projects that he was animportant part of, either in design or restoration: the Brian LaraPromenade,theHolyTrinityCathedral,theBloodBankatthePort-of-SpainGeneralHospital, theImperialCollegeofTropicalAgriculture,andtheHaselyCrawfordStadiumandJeanPierreComplex.HecamefirstintheRegionalCompetitionforthedesignofCARICOMSecretariatheadquarters.

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialatNALIS.

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1974HonoraryFellowoftheAmericanInstituteofArchitects• 2001ChaconiaMedalGold• 2005T&TInstituteofArchitectsGoldMedal

JULIEN MAISONNEUVE

Hewasoneof thepioneers in theuseofasphaltfor thepavingofroadsespeciallyinSanFernandofromthe1860’stothe1880’s.He

wasalsoveryinvolvedinthemovementforpoliticalchangeandstartedapetitionthatreachedQueenVictoriathatledtoacommissiontoseeifthepeoplewereinagreementwiththereforms.

FREDERICK MALLETT

Around1797underGeneralRalphAbercromby,hewasgiven thejob to surveyTrinidad on things like crops, estates, slaves, land

grants and population. He sailed around the island and produced the firstsurveymapofTrinidad.SomeofthecoastalcitiesbearthenameshegavetothemsuchasBlanchisseuse,whichmeans‘washerwomen’since that was what he saw there that stuck in his mind.

DAVID OGDEN

HewasaUSAarmyengineerinchargeoftheU.S.BaseconstructioninearlyWorldWarII(1940s).Hesupervisedthebuildingofthe

Churchill Roosevelt Highway, the Lady Young Road and the road to MaracasBay.CampOgdeninSt.Jamesisnamedafterhim.

PHILIP REINAGLE

UnderGovernorWoodford,hedesignedboththeCatholicandTrinityCathedralsinPortofSpainbetween1813and1816.

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RAMSEY SAUNDERS (1945- )

ProfessorRamseySaundersisaphysicist,internationallyrecognisedasbotharesearchscientistandaneducator.Heintroducedtheworld’s

first undergraduateMedicalPhysics programmeatTheUniversityoftheWestIndies(UWI),St.Augustineanddevelopedmaterialssciences,medicalphysics,bioengineeringandenvironmentalphysicsassubjectsinthePhysicsDepartment.In1978hebecameProfessorofPhysicsatUWIandlaterDeanoftheFacultyofNaturalSciences.

EDGAR TRIPP (About 1850-1915)

EdgarTrippgot the contract from theBoroughCouncil ofPortofSpainin1894tosupplyelectriclightandpowertothecapitalcity.

Hiscompany’snamewasTheElectricLightandPowerCompany.InMarch1895,hugecrowdscheeredhimwhenthelightswereturnedoninPortofSpain.

WALSH WRIGHTSON

DirectorofPublicWorks from1895-1907,hewas responsible forseveral public buildings in Port of Spain including the Queen’s

RoyalCollege,andforthelayingdownoftheroadthatnowbearshisname(WrightsonRoad).Hispolicy to installwatermeters led to theWaterRiotsof1903.

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Sports

MICHAEL AGOSTINI (1935- )

Michael Agostini attended St. Mary’s College and VillanovaUniversity, Pennsylvania, before transferring to Fresno State

University,California,USA.Hewas thefirstTrinidadiantoaccumulatefivemedalsat thePan

AmericanGames.Whenas a teenagerhewon the100yardsfinal atthe British Empire Games inVancouver, Canada, on July 31, 1954,hebecameT&T`sfirsteverathleticsgoldmedallistatthequadrennialmultisportfestival,todayknownastheCommonwealthGames.

Hiscareerincludedthefollowingaccomplishments:1954 British Commonwealth Games, Vancouver, Canada - 100

yards(1st,9.6);1955PanAmericanGames,MexicoCity,Mexico-100meters(2nd,10.3);200meters(3rd,21.67);1956Olympics,Melbourne,Australia-100meters(6th,10.9);200meters(4th,21.1);1958BritishCommonwealth Games, Cardiff, Wales (represented Canada) - 100yards(3rd,9.6);1959PanAmericanGames,Chicago-100meters(2nd,10.4);200meters(3rd,21.1);4x100metersRelay(3rd,41.6),withCliffBertrand,WiltonJackson,andDennisJohnson[Jamaica]).

Duringthe1940swhenAgostiniwasgrowingup,sportplayedanimportantpartinTrinidadlife.Hisfamilywasasportingoneinmanysenses;hisfatherplayedfootball,hismotherhockeyandelderbrothersSedleyandColinpracticedfootball,athleticsandwhateversportswereavailableatSt.Mary’sCollege.OneyearatCICSports,theresultsofthe100yards,220yardsand440yardswereidentical:1stColinAgostini,2ndMichaelAgostini.

He later migrated to Australia.

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KELVIN ‘PA’ ALEONG (1902-1980)

Fordecadesfromaround1940to1980,‘Pa’,‘Pappy’tosome,wasacoachforgenerationsofschoolboysandadultswhoplayedfootball

and cricket. For years every afternoon,manymornings andmost ofSaturdaysandSundays,evenonChristmasDayfrom11amto2pm,onewouldsee‘PaAleong’instructingorobservingtheyoungcricketersor footballers at St.Mary’sCollege grounds or on theQueen’s ParkSavannah.Manytopplayersinthesetwosportsofthaterawouldsaythattheyowealotoftheirsuccesstothecoachingskillsof‘PaAleong’.In1971,hewasawardedtheHummingBirdSilverMedalandin2004wasinductedintotheFirstCitizensSportsFoundationHallofFame.

STEPHEN AMES(1964- )

FromSanFernandobut now living inCanada, StephenAmes is aprofessionalgolferwhogrewupinPointe-à-Pierreandlearnedto

playatthePointe-à-PierreGolfClub.InhisHoermanCupdebutattheageof16in1980,hebrokethecourserecordatSandyLane,Barbadoswithasix-under-partotalof66.Heturnedprofessionalin1987andwonhis first professional tournament in theUnited States (the PensacolaOpen)in1991.From1993until1997,heplayedontheEuropeanTour.He captured his first Professional Golfers’ Association of America(PGA)Tour title in2004at theCialisWesternOpeninIllinois,USAamongafieldthatincludedmanyofthebestprofessionalsintheworldincludingTigerWoodsandVijaySingh.Laterthatyear,hereachedthetoptwentyintheOfficialWorldGolfRankings.

1994-LyonOpen(1st);1996-Benson&HedgesOpen(1st);2004-CialisWesternOpen,CogHillGolfandCountryClub,Lemont,Illinois,USA(1st);2005-AmesstartedtheStephenAmesCup(CanadaversusT&T);2006-ThePlayersChampionship,Sawgrass,Florida,US(1st);

2007-ThirdPGATourvictoryat theChildren’sMiracleNetwork

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Classic; 2009 - Fourth time PGA, again at the Children’s MiracleNetwork Classic.

• 2004ChaconiaMedalGold• 2006,2007T&TSportsFoundationSportsmanoftheYear Award

RAY ‘GOLDEN’ APOLLON (1924- 1997) Cyril Joseph

Born Cyril Joseph, he was educated at St. Mary’s College afterwhich his father sent him to the USA to Howard University to

study medicine, hoping that his son would follow in his footsteps.Joseph instead obtained a Bachelor of Arts Honours Degree atHoward University but was unable to get into medical schoolbecause preference was given to those members of the UnitedStates Armed Services returning from World War II at the time. HethenwenttoParis,FrancetotheSorbonneUniversitytocontinuehisstudies.Itwasherethathebecamedrawntowrestlingandwentontobecomeaninternationallyfamouswrestler.

ItwaswrestlingthatopenedupwindowsoftheworldforRay.HefoughtinEurope, India,Lebanon,Africa,Trinidad,SaudiArabiaandJapan. OntheAfricanandAsiancontinents,hewastreatedmorelikeakingthanawrestler.HewasthehouseguestofJomoKenyatta,presidentofKenyaandwasmadeanhonoraryChiefofNigeria,oneofthehighesthonours in the countrywhere hewas known as ‘TheAfrican Lion’. HeinvitedsomeofthebestwrestlersintheworldtoTrinidad,includingthefamousHaroldSakata,astarofJamesBondfame,andVictorJovica. Apollonalwayshadfanscallingforhistrademarkheadbuttswheneverhefoughtathome.ThunderboltWilliams,hissonFernando,DesTheArtist and Ted Herbert who campaigned in Japan were some of hispupils.

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MACDONALD BAILEY(1921- )

He attended Queen’s Royal College where he showed his earlyabilitiesasanathlete.In1939herepresentedT&Tat theBritish

Gamesbutby1944hehadjoinedtheRoyalAirForceinEngland.Itwasourlossin1946whenhewasselectedtoteamEnglandattheBritishGameshavingmadehismarkthereduringhisserviceintheairforce.There is a collection of hismaterial at theWest Indiana andSpecialCollectionsDivision atUWI. In 1977 hewas awarded theChaconiaMedal Gold.

ATO J. BOLDON(1973- )

AtoBoldon attendedNewtownBoys’RCSchool, FatimaCollege(1985-1988), JamaicaHighSchool inQueens,NewYork (1988-

90),PiedmontHillsHighSchool,California(1990-92),SanJoseCityCollege,California(1992-93)andUCLA,California,USA(1993-96).ThroughouthisstarstuddedathleticcareerhehasalwaysrepresentedT&Ttothefullest,evenasapolitician,beforemovingintotheworldofbroadcastingwiththemajornetworksCBSandNBCintheUSA.

AsayoungteenagerplayingfootballintheUSA,hewasdiscoveredasapotentialtrackathlete.FromtherehewentontorepresentT&Tat18yearsofageattheOlympicGamesinBarcelonain1992.Itwasatthe World Junior Championships in Seoul, South Korea, in the same year, as well as at the CAC Junior Championships when he won gold in both the 100metres and the 200metres.Olympic glory forT&Twouldcomeintheformoftwobronzemedalsinthe1996100and200metreracesinAtlanta,andonesilverandonebronzeinthesameracesrespectivelyin2000inSydney,Australia.Addedtothesehecapturedthe200metregoldand100metresilvermedalsattheGoodwillGamesin1998inNewYork,the100metregoldattheCommonwealthGames

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inMalaysia in1998andthesilver in the4x100metre in2003in theDominican Republic.

In1997,hewongoldinthe200metreattheWorldChampionshipsinGreece;hiscountry’sfirstandonlyworldtitletodateintheAthleticsWorldChampionships.Thismadehimoneofonlyafewmalesprintersto win both a World Junior and World Senior title. Other World Championshipmedalswerebronzeinthe1995100metreinSweden,andsilverinthe100metreand200metrein2001inEdmonton,Canada.

Afterretiringfromhistrackcareer,hewasanOppositionSenatorintheTrinidadandTobagoParliamentforabriefperiodin2006and2007.

In 2006 he compiled a film entitledOnce InALifetime:Boldonin Bahrain documenting his experience in Bahrain, where the SocaWarriors defeated Bahrain 1–0 in a playoff to become the smallestcountryevertoqualifyfortheWorldCup.

In 2000, he was made a sports ambassador by the Republic ofTrinidadandTobago.Heisaqualifiedpilot.

• 1993HummingBirdMedalGold• 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,2000T&TSportsmanoftheYear• 1997ChaconiaMedalGold• 2011InductedintotheUCLAAthleticsHallofFame.

GEORGE BOVELL III(1983- )

GeorgeBovellIIIrepresentedTrinidadandTobagoatthe2000,2004and2008Olympicsandat thetimeofwritingishopingtobring

glorytoT&Tatthe2012LondonOlympicsinthe50metrefreestylerace, in which he is currently ranked 4th in the world.At the 2004Olympics,hewonabronzemedalinthemen’s200IM,the9thOlympicmedalistinthecountry’shistoryandtheonlyOlympicswimmingmedaleverforT&T.

From the age of 7, George Bovell III started swimming incompetitions.Forthenextfewyears,beforeheadingtohighschoolinFlorida,hewouldtravelthroughouttheCaribbean,competingandintheprocessimprovingonhisstrength,techniquesandreputation.

Hefirstswiminternationallywasin1999attheUSOpenandPanAmericanGames.HechosetoattendAuburnUniversityinAlabama,USA, followinghigh schoolandwhile thereheaccomplisheda long

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list of feats and records: five-timeNCAAChampion, five-time PanAmGamesMedalist (2Gold, 2Silver, 1Bronze), seven-timeWorldChampionshipfinalist,eight-timeIndividualSECChampion,two-timeCaribbean and Central American Champion, most All American Honors inAuburnhistorywith25,multipleCaribbeanandCentralAmericanrecordholder,four-timeNCAATeamChampion,undefeatedincollegeswimming career.

In2009hebroketheWorldChampionshipsRecordandbecamethefourthfastestmaninhistoryinthe50metersfreestyle.

Bovellfinishedupthe2010seasonwithexcellentperformancesattheWorldChampionshipsinDubai,finishing4thinthe100mIMand10thin50mfree.

• 2004ChaconiaMedalGold

AHAMAD CHARLES(1916-1973)

Charleswasanall-roundsportsmanwhostartedoffasacyclistasateenager at the then Siparia Recreation Ground and soon became a

boy hero in his community. In1934attheageof18hecompetedinaWestIndiesOlympiadheld

inBritishGuianaemergingasoneofthebestCaribbeancyclists,beatingall challengers to thefinish linewinning the two-milechampionship.BackinTrinidadandTobago,hebecamemorepopularasthecrowdscame out to see him pedal his way past all rivals.

He represented T&T in Barbados, Jamaica and of course hereat home at theQueen’s ParkOval. In 1936, at the annual cycle andathleticssportsmeetingoftheQueen’sParkCricketClub,hedefeatedallcompetitorswithhisburstsoffinishingspeed.AtthisChampionshiptwo-day event hewon the half-mile, the one-mile, the two-mile, thethree-milechampionshipevent,aspecialfive-mileevent,andthenine-mileevent!

Hewasalsotalentedatfootball,whichhelovedplaying.ButeventhoughhealsothrilledCaribbeanspectatorsasacentre-forward,cyclingalwaysoccupiedmoreofhisenergies.Sadly,whenhewasonly20,hewasmedicallyadvisedagainstcyclingbecauseofaheartcondition.Buteventhoughhecontinuedriding,1939wastobehisfinalyearofridingbecauseofthecondition.

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DAREEM CHARLES (1969- )

Based in Miami but born in Arouca, Dareem Charles rose to become oneoftheworld’sleadingbodybuildersplacinginthetopthreein

worldclasscompetitionsbetween1989and2009.

H. A. CLARKE (1910-1999)

HiltonAlfonsoClarkewasT&T’sbiggestboxingpromoterbetween1950andthelate1980’s.Asayoungermanheusedtoboxbutit

wasinthefieldofpromotingboxingfightsthathemadehismark.Hearrangedfor thevisitofMuhammadAli toT&TinAugust1971;AligaveanexhibitionboxingmatchattheQueen’sParkOvalonAugust22nd asdidSugarRayRobinsoninthe1950’s.In1980hewasawardedtheMedalofMeritSilver.

LEARIE NICHOLAS “CONNIE” CONSTANTINE (1901-1971)

SirLearieConstantinewasWestIndies’andTrinidadandTobago’sfirstglobal cricket superstar, a lawyer, politician, statesman, diplomat,

high commissioner, BBC Commentator, author, lecturer, knight, MBE, baron, and Lord.

Asaright-handedbatsmanandfastbowler,hebecameoneofthebiggestattractionsinthehistoryofthegameasoneofthegreatestallrounders.Hisfieldingwas superb,miraculous, as describedby some

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whosawhim.DonBradmanratedhimasthe“greatestfieldsmanever.”Neville Cardus a famous cricket writer, paid glowing tributes to hiscricketing abilities.

In1928,ConstantinebecamethefirstWestIndiantotakeawicketinaTestmatchatLord’sand twoyears laterwas thefirst tocapture5wickets inaTestmatch inning, inourfirstTestvictory,atBourda,BritishGuiana(5-87).HesavedoneofhisbetterperformancesfortheQueen’sParkOvalin1935inaTestmatchagainstEngland,scoring90and31andtaking5wickets.TheWIwonby217runs,thrillingthefanswiththepenultimateballtotakethefinalwicket.Hescored28firstclassfifties(4inTests),held133catchesandtook5ormorewicketsinaTestmatchon6occasions.

Both internationally and at home he fought against a selectionprocess that favoured thoseof fairer skin.Hisefforts led to selectorsbeing pushed towards the selection based on meritocracy. As CLR Jamesput it: “He revolted against the revolting contrast betweenhisfirst-classstatusasacricketerandhisthird-classstatusasaman”.

In 1944, he successfully sued the Imperial Hotel in London forrefusingtoreceivehim;suchwashisdeterminationtofightracismandhis own high moral values.

InT&T’sgeneralelectionsin1956,hewontheTunapunaseatforthePNMandservedasministerintheMinistryofCommunityWorksandUtilities.From1961to1964hewasthefirstHighCommissionerto London, England, a position which also allowed him to take part in T&T’sIndependencetalks.

• WisdenCricketeroftheYear,1940• MBE(MemberoftheBritishOrder),1945• 1954Lawyer,LLB,calledtotheBar(UK);1955calledtothe

Bar(T&T)• Knighted(Sir),1962• FreemanoftheBoroughofNelson,1962• HonoraryMasteroftheBench,1963• LifePeerage,1969• BaronofNelsonandMaraval,1969• T&TTrinityCross(Posthumous),1971• SportsHallofFameInductee,1984• FeaturedonT&TPostageStamp,1988• MillenniumAward,MinistryofSportT&T,2000• OneofNelson’s(UK)2menoftheMillennium,2000• LearieConstantineCollection,NALIS,PortofSpain(19,000+

items)• FeaturedonpopularBBCTVseries“Thisisyourlife”• LearieConstantineStand,Queen’sParkOval

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• ConstantinePark,Tunapuna

Biographies:A Look at LearieConstantine,UndineGiuseppi, 1974;Learie N. Constantine (booklet), compiled by Eustace Ward, 1948;LearieConstantine,GeraldHowat,1975;LearieConstantinebyPeterMason2008Bookswrittenbyhim:CricketAndI,1933(withCLRJames);ColourBar,1954(withCLRJames);TheChangingFaceofCricket,1966(withDenzilBatchelor);CricketintheSun1946;HowtoPlayCricket1951;Cricketers’Carnival1948;CricketCrackers1949;TheYoungCricketer’sCompanion1964;CricketandIwithC.L.R.James1933;Cricketers’Cricket,1949;It’slikethisCat,1963;TheYoungCricketer’sCompanion,1964. Recorded Calypsoes about him: Lord Caresser 1939; Black Stalin1962Otherpositionsheld:MemberofRaceRelationsBoardandtheSportsCouncil (UK); BBCBroadcaster; Rector of St.Andrew’sUniversity1967.

HASELY J. CRAWFORD (1950- )

San Fernando-born, Hasely Crawford had the world at his feet,literally,in1976whenhebecamethefirstT&Tnationaltocapturea

gold medal at the Olympics. GuaracaraParkwashis“home”groundanditwasfromherethathe

graduatedtoanathleticscholarshipin1971totheUniversityofEasternMichiganintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

Hasely’s risewas quick and dazzling. In 1972 hewas chosen torepresentT&TattheOlympicGamesatMunichbutaninjurycausedhispoorshowinginthefinal.

Determined, he trained hard until 1976 rolled around. He alsocompetedatthe1980Moscowand1984LosAngelesOlympicsbutdidnotmakeittothefinals.

InhishonourhehadaBWIAplanenamedafterhim,hasappearedon postage stamps and had the national stadium renamed the Hasely CrawfordStadium.

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Crawford’s last international medals were a bronze and a silverwhichhewonatthe1978CommonwealthGamesinthe100metresandthe4x100metresrelayrespectively.

• 1972,1976,1977T&TSportsmanoftheYear• 1976TrinityCross• 2000Trinidad&TobagoAthleteoftheMillennium• 2000T&TSportsHallofFame• 2005CentralAmericanandCaribbeanHallofFame

MANNIE DOOKIE(1915-1968)

HisnamewillremaininthehistoryofT&Tathleticsbecausehewasatopclasslong-distancerunnerandbecausehewasapioneer:the

first athlete to representus in international athletics at the2nd British EmpireGamesinLondonin1934.

MannieDookiewasprobablythemostfamousT&Tathleteofhistime.

St.James-born,helituptherunningsceneattheageof15whenhesurprisedeveryoneincompletingtheSaddleRoad15½mileracein1hourand39minutes.Oneofthethingsthatbecamehistrademarkwasthatheneverlikedrunninginshoesforwhichhebecameknownas“thebare-footedrunner.”

In1931attheQueen’sParkOvalattheageof16hebeatthefieldtowinagainandestablishedhimselfasanupandcomingstar.DookieagainheldtheattentionofthesportingpublicwhenhebeatallrivalsinaroadracefromtheSt.JamesbridgetoTeteronBay.Hecoveredthedistanceinthefasttimeof1hourand8minutes.Hefollowedthisupin1933withoneofthegreatestvictoriesofhiscareer,thistimeamilerattheQueen’sParkOvalforitsgrandsportsmeeting.AtthesoundofthestartingpistolDookietookoffandagainstallpredictionsheturnedinagreatperformance,beatingthefavouritesin4minutes43seconds.Alsoin1933,runningforT&TinthenBritishGuiana,hebecametheWestIndianmileandthree-milechampion.

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CHRISTOPHER FORDE (About 1935 -2011)

ChristopherFordeheldboththelocalandWestIndieschampionshipsinbodybuildinguntil1959.In1964,inNewYork,heenteredand

won the InternationalFederationofBodyBuildersMr.UniverseTallMan Class, putting T&T on the world map. In the famous calypsoPortrait of Trinidad sung by the Mighty Sniper, he is immortalised“….ormaybetheyforgettingMr.UniversebelongstoTrinidad”.In1987hewasinductedintotheT&TSportsHallofFame.

ROGER GIBBON(1944- )

RogerGibbonattendedQueen’sRoyalCollegeandwasoneofT&T’sbestcyclistsever.Startingattheageof15hebecamethecountry’s

championcyclistattheageof17.Herodeandwoneverydistancefromthe sprints to the long distance races over a period of 8 consecutiveyears,1961to1968.

HehadexcitingbattleswithrisingstarLeslie King whichhadfansgoing wild.

GibbonrepresentedTrinidadandTobagoatregionalandinternationalcompetitions including the Central American and Caribbean Games in Jamaica in 1962, the PanAmericanGames inBrazil in 1963, theOlympicsinJapanin1964,theCommonwealthGamesinJamaicaandtheCentralAmerican andCaribbeanGames inPuertoRico in 1966,the World Cycling Championships in Amsterdam and the Pan American GamesinCanadain1967andfinallytothe1968OlympicsinMexicoin1968.Helaterbecameinvolvedintheadministrationofthesport.--1962GOLDandSILVER:CentralAmericanandCaribbeanGames,Kingston,Jamaica-1,000metersTimeTrial(1st);MatchSprint(2nd)--1963SILVERandGOLD:PanAmericanGames,SãoPaulo,Brazil-1,000metersTimeTrial(2nd);MatchSprint(1st)--1966GOLDX2:CentralAmericanandCaribbeanGames,SanJuan,

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PuertoRico-1,000metersTimeTrial(1st);MatchSprint(1st)--1966GOLDX2:BritishCommonwealthGames,Kingston,Jamaica-1,000metersTimeTrial(1st);MatchSprint(1st)--1967GOLDX2:PanAmericanGames,Winnipeg,Canada-1,000metersTimeTrial(1st);MatchSprint(1st)• 1969Trinidad&TobagoHummingBirdMedalSilver

Gene Samuel alsodidT&Tproud inthe1980sand1990sonthecycling track, locally, regionally and internationally.

JOEY KAUFFMAN(1934-1999)

A British Guiana (now Guyana) native, he was the driving forcebehind the development of swimming in T&T. He establishedhimselfasthetopswimmerfromthelate1950s,capturinggoldattheCentralAmericanandCaribbeanGamesinJamaicainthe200metresbreaststroke.From1960to1963hewastheWestIndies’topswimmer.HewasalsoasuccessasacoachbutitwaswhenheformedtheBlueDolphins Club that other clubs took root, bringing about inter club competitions.In1982,hejoinedagroupoftopswimmersofthepastinformingtheTrinityMaster.In2008hewasinductedintotheT&TSportsHallofFame.

HAROLD (1963- ) and KWAILAN LA BORDE

Harold La Borde began his sailing career by building dinghies, in whichhe taughthimself thebasicsof the seaby readingbooks.

Sailing is a sport and although they competed against no one but themselves and the elements, their adventures are included in this ‘Sports’chapter.

Inhisfirstbook,‘AnOceantoOurselves’,LaBordetellsofhowhebuiltthe26footboattheHummingBird.Togetherwithhisnewbride,Kwailan, and a friend,BuckWongChong, they crossed theAtlanticOceanintheHummingBirdfromTrinidadtoTrinidad.

TheLaBordesspentsometimeinNigeriafrom1961,thenreturnedhomein1963.They thenbuilt the40footHummingBirdII in three

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years, rented it out to raise funds for another three years andfinallytook off on their dream adventure to sail around theworld in 1969.Afterfouryearsandfourmonths,theyreturnedtoahero’swelcomein1973tobemetbythethenPrimeMinisterDr.EricWilliams.TheLaBorde’sadventuresaredescribedinthebooksAn Ocean to Ourselves (1960)andAll Oceans Bluewhichwaspublishedin1977.In1973theyreceivedtheTrinityCross.

BRIAN CHARLES LARA(1969- )

BrainLarascoredmorehundredsandrunsthananyotherWestIndianplayerandisoneofthegreatestbatsmenofalltime.Hewasone

ofthemostpopularcricketersintheworld,wellknownforhisexcitingandentertainingstyleofbatting.

Born in Cantaro, Santa Cruz, Trinidad, the left-handed batsmanattendedSt.JosephRCandFatimaCollege.Fromtheageofsixhewastakento theHarvardCoachingClinicforcoaching.AmonghismanygloriousmomentsincricketwaswhenhecaptainedtheWestIndiesastheywontheInternationalCricketCouncil(ICC)trophyinanexcitingfinalagainstEnglandin2004.

His blazing bat has taken him to amazing heights, TIME andSPORTSILLUSTRATEDmagazinesaswellasCNNreportedhisTestrecordof375(scoredin537minuteswith45fours)againstEnglandinApril1994.HeappearedagaininTIMEmagazinefollowinghisinningsof501notout(62foursand10sixes!).Itwashis7th century in eight firstclassinningsthatstartedwiththe375,becomingthefirstbatsmanevertodoso.Heholdstheworldrecordforscoringmostruns(28)inasingleoverinTestcricket.

ThreeinningsbyLarawereplacedinthetop15ofalltimeinallformsof the game in an international survey conducted in 2001: hisheroic153notout inBridgetown,Barbados,duringWest Indies’2-2home series drawagainstAustralia in 1999; his famous375 in1994againstEnglandandhis213atSabinaParkinJamaica,in1999.Anothersurveyratedhis213againstAustraliaasthetopinningswithhis375and153notoutalsobeinghighlyrated.

He has travelled to every cricket playing nation in the world where he has scored centuries and has played match-winning innings. Such

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countries include Australia, Guyana, Antigua, England, Jamaica, Barbados, SouthAfrica, Sri Lanka, St. Lucia, Zimbabwe, Pakistan,Sharjah,NewZealand,India,Singapore,St.Vincent,BangladeshandofcoursehishomelandofTrinidadandTobago.Hehasmetwithworldleaders including Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama.

Major teams he has played for include the Queens Park CricketClub,Trinidad andTobago,West Indies, ICCWorldXI,MaryleboneCricketClub(MCC),NorthernTransvaalandWarwickshire.

Heisthefastestbatsmaninthehistoryofthegametoreach9,000,10,000and11,000Testrunsandwouldhavebeenthefirstto12,000ifhehadnotretiredearlyjust47runsshortofthattotal.Heistheonlybatsman to have ever scored a century, a double century, a triple century, aquadruplecenturyandaquintuplecenturyinfirst-classgames.

Hisbattingandfieldingaveragesare:

Inthespaceoftwomonthsin1994his375and501notoutbrokeworld records for the highest Test and first-class scores ever by abatsman. In Adelaide, Australia, in November 2005, he went pastAustralianAllanBorder’stotalof11,174runstobecomethebatmantoscorethemostnumberofTestruns.

Lara is the current holder of the world record for the highestindividualTestscore(400notout)aswellastheworldrecordforthehighestfirstclassindividualscore(501notout).

TheBrianLaraPromenadeinPortofSpainisnamedinhishonour.HewasawardedtheWisden‘LeadingCricketerintheWorld’honourfor1994aswellastheprestigiousBBC‘OverseasSportsPersonalityoftheYear’award.“SignaltoLara”sungbySuperbluefollowinghisgloriousbattingfeatsof1994becametheRoadMarchin2005.Thereareanumberofbooksthathavechronicledhisspectacularcareer.

• 1992HummingBirdMedalSilver• 1993,1999,2001,2003,2005T&TSportsmanoftheYear• 1994TrinityCross• 1995WisdenCricketeroftheYearPreceding and following Brian Lara there were and are many

top cricketers such as Clifford Roach, Learie Constantine, Jeffrey Stollmeyer, Sonny Ramadhin, Jackie Grant, Gerry Gomez, Joey Carew, Ian Bishop, Charlie Davis, Larry Gomes, Bernard Julien, Gus Logie, Deryck Murray, Phil Simmons, Kieron Pollard and Dwayne Bravo.

Mat Inns NO Runs HS Ave BF 100 50 4s 6s Ct

Tests 131 232 6 11953 400* 52.88 19753 34 48 1559 88 164

ODIs 299 289 32 10405 169 40.48 13086 19 63 1035 133 120

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LYSTRA LEWIS (1924-2009)

Widely known as the Mother of Netball, Lystra Lewis attendedTranquillityGirlsSchoolandlaterBedfordCollegeinEngland.

Although she started her involvement in the game as a player, she excelledasacoach,umpire,testerandadministrator.Sheservedatalllevelsoftheadministrationforthegame,includingPresidentofWestIndiesNetballBoard,Presidentof theCaribbeanNetballAssociationandPresidentoftheAmericasFederationofNetballAssociations.

Her love for netball led her into coaching, and she went on toconduct many clinics and seminars throughout the Caribbean. Lewis foundedtheWestIndiesNetballAssociationin1963,andcoachedthenationalteamattheinauguralWorldNetballChampionshipsin1963.Sheassistedintheformationof theCaribbeanNetballAssociationin1974,andservedasanexecutivememberoftheIFNA.

It issaid thatshe livedandbreathednetball,makingasuccessfulbidtostagethefifthWorldNetballChampionshipherein1979.Shedideverythingforthat1979tournament,firstgettinggovernmenttoerectwhatisnowknownastheJeanPierreComplex.Andshewassecretary,coachandwhateverelsewasneededfor that tournament. In theend,oneofherbiggestdreamscametofruitionwhenher“CalypsoGirls”netballersbecamethejointworldchampionsin1979.

ThereisacollectionofhermaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 1963MemberoftheBritishEmpire(MBE)• 1969PublicServiceMedalofMeritSilver

LYNETTE ‘GRANNY’ LUCES(1928- )

VeteranmarathonrunnerLynette“Granny”Luces,nowinher80’sis truly a hero and an inspiration. Her home in San Juan is adorned

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with her over-one hundred trophies and medals she has won over the decades competing in long distance running outpacing many a younger rival in many races.

In2011the23rd Annual Granny Luces Classic races and the Second WalkAgainstDiabeteswereheldfromArimaandTacariguaendinginSt. Joseph.

CLAUDE NOEL(1949- )

Claude Noel was born in Roxborough, Tobago. During hisprofessional lightweight boxing career from 1973 to 1984,Noel

wonatotalof31fights,winning18ofthembyknockouts.Hecapturedthe WBA World Lighweight title and the Commonwealth Lightweight title,bringinggloryontheworldsportingstagetoT&T,especiallytohishometowninTobago.

OnSeptember12,1981NoelonceagainchallengedfortheWBAtitlewhichtookplaceinAtlanticCity,NewJersey,againsttheMexicanboxerRodolfoGonzalez,whichhewononpoints.He,however,lostthetitleinDecember1981.

AlthoughNoelneverfoughtforaworldtitleagain,hewasabletowintheCommonwealthLightweighttitleanddefendittwice.HewasawardedtheChaconiaMedalGoldin1982andwasT&T’sSportsmanoftheYearin1991.

COLVIN PATRICK (1904-Not available)

Hewas one of the country’smost recognisable athletes for half acentury.Asachampioninthesportofwalking,heraced6times

in England competing in the London to Brighton Road event at times racingagainstmenhalfhisage.In1928heestablishedaonemilerecordin6minutesand22secondsandin1964,manyyearslaterhecompleted

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thePortofSpaintoSanFernandoandbacktoPortofSpainwalkingraceinanamazing15hoursand45minutes.Attheageof74,followingacaraccidentsomeyearsearlier,heresumedwalkingracesagain.ThereisastreetnamedafterhiminLaHorquetta,EastTrinidad.In1973hereceivedtheHummingBirdGoldMedalandin1985wasinductedintotheTrinidadandTobagoSportsHallofFame.

JEAN T. PIERRE (1944-2002)

EugeniaTheodosia‘Jean’Pierre,originallyfromFyzabad,attendedtheOropoucheGovernmentPrimarySchool.Herfamilymovedto

PortofSpainwheresheattendedMucurapoGirls’PrimarySchool.Shelater attended theProgressiveEducational Institute and soonbecameoneoftheschool’sbestnetballers.

Sherosetobecomeoneoftheworld’sbestplayersandthefirsttoplayinall5oftheWorldChampionshipsinEngland(1963),Australia(1967),Jamaica(1971),NewZealand(1975)andTrinidadandTobago(1979).

Butitwasatthe1979WorldChampionshipthatsheandtheT&Tteam brought glory to the nation, sharing the World Championship honourswithAustraliaandNewZealand.

During her playing years she received many honours and awards as aplayer,especiallyasashooter,andin1975wasvotedasoneoftheworld’stop10players.

TheWestPortofSpainRegionalSportsComplexwherethe1979championshipwasheld,wasrenamedthe‘JeanPierreSportsComplex’in her honor. After her playing days were over Pierre managed,administeredandcoachedatthehighestlevelsofthesportbothlocallyand regionally. She later became a government sportsminister from1991to1995.

• 1979TrinityCross;ChaconiaMedalGold• 1975SportswomanoftheYear• 1974HummingMedalGold

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SONNY RAMADHIN(1929- )

SonnyRamadhinwasbestdescribedasTheHoudiniofspinbowling.He played cricket for theWest Indies between 1950 and 1961, a

manofslimbuild,spinningawebofmystery,capon,longsleevedshirtbuttonedatthewrist...theoriginal‘doosra’bowlerandfirstplayerofEastIndiandescenttorepresenttheWestIndies.

AlongwithAlfValentineofJamaica,hebroughtEnglandtotheircricketingkneesinJune1950atthefamousLord’scricketground.Thisvictorybroughtinanewera,thecomingofage,ofWestIndiescricket.AlongwithValentine, Ramadhinis thesubject inat least3calypsosrecordedaroundthattime:VictoryTestMatch/CricketLovelyCricketby Lord Beginner (“With those little pals of mine, Ramadhin andValentine”);RamadhinontheBallbyKingRadio(“WewantRamadhinon the ball”); Cricket Calypso by Lord Kitchener (“Ramadhin, youdeserveatitle,SirRamadhin,followedbyamedal”).Hismatchwinningfiguresof11for152(5-66and6-86)inthatfamousvictoryatLord’sin1950,remainsthebestmatchanalysisbyaWestIndianversusEnglandat that venue.

HebowledthehighestnumberofballsbowledbyoneplayerinaTest,774,WestIndiesversusEnglandatEdgbaston1957,includingthehighestinoneinningsof588withmatchfiguresof31-16-49-7;98-35-179-2.

Hecaptured10wicketsormoreinamatch(first-class)15timesandclaimed5ormoreinaninnings51times.HewasthefirstWestIndiantotake150wicketsattheTestlevel.

• 1951WisdenCricketeroftheyear• 1972HummingBirdGoldMedal• 1985InducteeWITCOSportsHallofFame• 1988FeaturedonTrinidad&Tobagopostagestamp• 1995ChaconiaGoldMedal• 2000MilleniumAward,MinistryofSports• 2004Annual“SonnyRamadhin”lectureseriesstartedatUWI,

Trinidad

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CLIFFORD ROACH(1908-1988)

CliffordRoachfirstrepresentedT&Tincricketin1924andwentontorepresenttheWestIndiesintheirfirstTestmatcheverin1928,

alongside Learie Constantine, Wilton St. Hill and Joe Small. A brilliant right-handedopeningbatsman,whoalsorepresentedT&Tinfootball,he scored the first century (122 against England in January 1930 inBarbados)anddoublecentury(209onemonthlaterinBritishGuianainthesameseries)everbyaWestIndianbatsman.

GISELLE SALANDY (1987-2009)

GiselleSalandywasanunbeatenworld-classfemaleboxer(17fights,17winswith6knockouts)andwasrankedasthe#1femalelight

middleweightboxerofall-time.ShediedinacaraccidentonJanuary4,2009.

SheattendedSt.Bridgid’sGirls’RCSchool,PenalJuniorSecondarySchoolandthenFyzabadCompositeSchool,makingherprofessionaldebutatjust13yearsofage.

InOctober2001,SalandyfoughtanddefeatedPaolaRojas,becomingtheyoungestpersontowinaboxingtitle,theWIBAIBEROTitle,attheageoffourteenyears.

In September 2005 on a T&T vs. USA boxing card, SalandydefeatedManelaDaniels,breakingasecondworldrecordbybecomingtheyoungestfemaleintheworldtowintheNABCWorldTitle.

Then in December 2006 she became the first person to win sixworldtitlebeltsinonefight.SalandywasawardedTopHistoryMakingFighter of the year 2006 byWBAN and awarded the First CitizensSportsWomanoftheyear2006bytheFirstCitizensSportsFoundationinTrinidadandTobago.

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SalandysuccessfullydefendedhersixworldtitlesagainstYvonneReison24March2007andinMarch2008attheCentreofExcellenceshedefeatedthepreviouslyunbeatenKarolinaLukasik,regainingherworld record bywinning eight title belts in one fight (WBC,WBA,WBE,WIBA,IWBF,WIBF,GBUandUBC)!InDecember2008shesuccessfullydefendedhertitlesagainstYahairaHernandez.

• 2006,2008T&TSportswomanoftheYear• 2007ChaconiaMedalGold2009AwardedposthumouslytheOrderoftheRepublicofTrinidad

andTobago.

LESLIE M. STEWART(1961- )

Laventille-born, he became the world light heavyweight champion in 1987attheHaselyCrawfordNationalStadiumin1987.

He also won the Latin American boxing title in 1983 and theCommonwealthlightheavyweightchampionshipin1985.

• 1983,1985SportsmanoftheYear• 1987ChaconiaGoldMedal

RODNEY A. WILKES (1925- )

RodneyWilkeshadasuccessful featherweightweightliftingcareerfrom1942to1960.In1946,heburstontotheinternationalscene,

winningagoldmedalinthefeatherweightclassattheCentralAmericanandCaribbeanGames in Colombia. In 1950 he retained this title inGuatemala with another gold medal.

At the Pan-American Games level,Wilkes competed in the firstPanAmericanGamesinBuenosAiresin1951wherehewongold.Hewasalso thewinnerof agold andbronzeat the thenBritishEmpire

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andCommonwealthGamesinCanada,andinWales,in1954and1958respectively.

HetookpartinthreeOlympicGames(1948,1952,1956),winningthefirst evermedal forTrinidadandTobagowhenhewas second inLondon,Englandin1948.

WilkeswonabronzemedalattheHelsinkiOlympicsin1952andplacedfourthattheMelbourneGames,plaguedbyaslippeddisc.

Heretiredattheageof35in1960.• 1972HummingBirdGoldMedal

DWIGHT E. YORKE (1971- )

Fromhisearlydaysasaforwardorasamidfielder,ahungry-for-goalsteenageratSignalHillSecondarySchoolinTobagotohislast

professionalplayingdaysatSunderland inEngland,Yorkehashadastar-studdedcareerscoringmanygoals for the teamsheplayedwith:Aston Villa (England), 1989-1998; Manchester United (England),1998-2002; Blackburn Rovers (England), 2002-2004 ; BirminghamCity(England),2004-2005;Sydney(Australia),2005-2006;Sunderland(England),2006-2009…andofcourseTrinidadandTobagofrom1989to2010.

During his 9 yearswith theVilla, hemade 231 appearances andscored97goals.Hewastheclub’stop-scorerinthe1994-95,1995-96,and1996-97seasons.HealsowonthePlayeroftheYearawardforthe1996-97season.

He then switched to Manchester United in August 1998 and they won the Football Association (FA) Premier League for the 1998-99 and the next two consecutive seasons. He emerged as the top league goal scorer for the 1998-1999 season. The team also won the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League, the FA Cup, the Intercontinental Cup and the UEFA Super Cup runner-up title in 1999. His great performances earned him the English Premier League winner’s medal for the 1998-99, 1999-00 and 2000-01 seasons. He scored 64 goals for Manchester United in 188 appearances.

HewontheEnglishPremierLeagueGoldenBootAwardforscoring18goals in the1998-99season.Then itwasontoBlackburnRovers,wherehespenttwoyearsrejoininghisoldUnitedstrikepartner,Andy

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Cole.HejoinedBirminghamCityin2004andthenSydneyFootballClubinAustraliain2005whereheplayedamajorroleinleadingSydneyFCtovictoryintheA-LeagueGrandFinalinfrontofasell-outcrowdofover41,000.YorkewasawardedtheJoeMarstonMedalasbestplayer.

InAugust2006hetransferredtoSunderlandwherehelaterhadamanofthematchperformance againstArsenalinOctober2008,agamewhichSunderlanddrew1–1athome.Hisdaysthereendedin2009.

Yorkewas capped 72 official times for theTrinidad andTobagonationalteam.HedidplaymanyothermatchesforT&Tbutthesewere“friendlies”only.

Yorkewasamemberofthe1989StrikeSquad,thenationalteamwhichnarrowlyfailedtoqualifyforthe1990FIFAWorldCupandofcourse the 2006 SocaWarriorswhich did qualify for the prestigioustournament in Germany.

Yorkewas nicknamedThe SmilingAssassin because of his goalscoring abilities and his constant smile. He released his autobiography in2009titled,“Born To Score”.

• 1992HummingBirdMedalSilver• 1999ChaconiaMedalGold• Trinidad & Tobago Footballer of theYear (2005, 2006), the

Tobago House of Assembly Chief Secretary’s Award (2005), theTrinidad&TobagoOlympicCommitteeSportsPersonalityoftheYear(1998).

• TheDwightYorkeStadiuminBacolet,Tobago,wasnamedinhishonour,andhewasmadeaSportsAmbassadorin2006.

BeforeandalongsideCanaan-Tobago’sDwightYorke, thereweremanyexcellentfootballersthatTrinidadandTobagoproduced.Amongthem were Alfred Charles, Ken Galt, Carlton “The General” Franco, Carlton “Squeaky” Hinds, Joey Gonzalves, Alvin Corneal, Tyrone “The Tank” de la Bastide, Bobby Sookram, Victor Gamaldo, Everard “Gally” Cummings, Warren Archibald, Leroy de Leon, Steve David, Leo “Twinkle Toes” Brewster, Kelvin Berassa, Sedley Joseph, Lincoln “Tiger” Phillips, Shaka Hislop and Russell Latapy.

ItwasunderitsfounderFr. Dom Basil MatthewsthatSt.Benedict’sCollegeinLaRomaineproducedmanyofthenation’stopfootballersinthe1960’s.

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Trade Unionism

TUBAL URIAH “BUZZ” BUTLER(1897-1977)

Butler was Grenadian-born who became close to his hero Captain Cipriani fromWorldWar1and to thegrowingT&Toil industry

in 1921when hemoved to Trinidad. In 1929, he was injured in anindustrialaccidentonhisjobasarigman/pipefitterthatlefthimwitha permanent limp and no compensation. Becoming a preacher, known for his fiery style that sometimes rubbed people the wrong way, hebegan to champion in earnest those in situations like him, workers with grievances and adverse working conditions.

He wholeheartedly embraced the labour movement and its cause, joiningCipriani’sTrinidadLabourParty.Buthelefthismentorin1936tofightmoreaggressivelyforhisbeliefsandworkers’rights.In1935,heleda‘hunger’marchfromtheoilbeltofFyzabad,SipariaandPointFortintoPort-of-Spain,tohighlighttheworkers’demands.In1936,heformedhisownparty, theBritishEmpireWorkersandCitizenHomeRuleParty(BEW&CHRP)andin1937organisedasitdownstrikethatprovedtobeacatalystinthedevelopmentofthelabourmovement.ThedemonstrationwasapeacefuloneuntilthepolicetriedtoarrestButler,sparkingoffariotleadingtocarnage,includingthedeathofpolicemanCharlieKing afterwhom the junction is named in Fyzabad.Hewastried,convictedofseditionandsentencedtotwoyearsinprison,fiercelydefendedbyhiscomrade,lawyerandfellowlabourleaderAdrianColaRienzi.

In1939,hewasmadeChiefOrganiseroftheOWTUbutwassoonexpelledforhisfieryandaggressivenatureandstances.Afterorganisinganotherstrikein1941,Butlerwasagainimprisonedfrom1941-1945,since the government regarded his disruption of oil production as athreattotheWareffort.In1945,thesameyearasthedeathofhisformermentor and leader Captain Andrew Cipriani, he was released and hailed asaherooftheworkingclass.In1946/7,hecalledageneralstrike,withsomeofhissupportersstormingtheRedHouse.Eveninhisforayinto

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thepolitical arenaviahispoliticalparties, culminating inTheButlerParty,his focusandplatformwasalways for the improvementof theworkingclass.HeservedontheLegislativeCouncilfrom1950-1961andranunsuccessfullyfortheElectionsin1958andin1961.In1969hewasofficiallybroughtbackintothefoldoftheOWTU,madealifemember and awarded the honour,TheLabour Star. In 1970, hewashonouredwiththeTrinityCross,T&T’shighesthonour.

BythetimeT&Tgainedindependencein1962,Butler’scontributionasalabourleaderandhisreputationasafighterforandaherooftheworking class was being widely recognised. He was regarded as a hero ofthepeople,andinfact,hewasseenasoneofthefirstmen,ifnotthefirst,wholandedthefirstdismantlingblowagainstcolonialism,givingcouragetothefightersforindependence.Thegreatesttributecamein1973,whentheanniversaryoftheoilfieldriots,June19,wasdeclaredanannualnationalholidayandcelebratedasLabourDay.AlsotheformerPrincessMargaretHighwaywasrenamedinhishonor.In1971,alife-sizestatueinhishonourwaserectedinFyzabad.

NOTE:Elbert Redvers Blades, thefirst general secretaryof theOilfieldsWorkers’TradeUnion (OWTU) isoneof thosecredited forhelping save the struggle from collapse in 1937 when Tubal Uriah“Buzz”Butlerwent intohiding to avoid arrest.Blades, a resident ofCumuto, Wallerfield, contributed significantly to the benefits nowenjoyedbyworkers.

• 1988HummingBirdMedalSilver.

ARTHUR ANDREW CIPRIANI (1875-1945)

Port of Spain-born, he came from a family of cocoa planters. Asoldieratfirst,wholovedhorseracing,laterachievingtherankof

CaptainintheBritishWestIndiaRegimentinWorldWar1,hebecamealeadernotjusttotheex-soldiersbuttolabourersalso,becomingwellknownthroughoutTrinidadandTobagoasthechampionoftheordinaryworkers,friendofthe“barefootman”.

InNovember 1919, during a labour dispute on thePort of Spainwharves,Ciprianicalledontheworkerstostrike,resultingintheirfirstimportantindustrialstrikeinTrinidad.In1921hewaselectedtoaseat

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ontheCityCouncilofPortofSpain.In1923,hewaselectedPresidentof theTrinidadWorkingmen’sAssociation, at that time the country’sleadingworkers’organisation.

In1925hebecametheMayorofPortofSpain,whichhelpedhimtoaseatontheLegislativeCouncilinTrinidad’sfirstgeneralelections.On the Legislative Council he championed key issues such as old age pension,women’srights,aminimumwage,compulsoryeducation,anendtoplantationchildlabourandtheendoftheCrownColonySystem.In 1934, he formed theTrinidadLabour Party,whichwas really theTrinidadWorkingmen’sAssociationunderanewtitletogiveitarevivaland a political beginning.

DuringhistenurehehadthelikesofUriahButlerandAdrianColaRienziasclosecomrades,bothofwhomlefttheranksin1936toformtheirownpartieswhenattentionbegantoturntotheplightoftheoilfieldworkersandthefamiliesofsugarcaneworkers.CiprianiwasalsoanadvocateforthelattergroupbeforeRienzitookupthemantle.Cipriani,asolicitor,retiredfrompubliclifein1944,havingneverlosthisseatontheCityCouncilsincehehadfirstbeenelectedtoitin1921alongwithhis record eight terms as Mayor.

Asakeenfanofracehorses,hewasheavilyinvolvedinthesportfordecades as well as being a commission agent and auctioneer.

AstatuetohismemorywaserectedinPort-of-SpainatthebaseofFrederickStreet,unveiledonApril17,1959byChiefMinisterDr.EricWilliamswhosaid:“CaptainCiprianiisthepioneerofthenationalistmovementofTrinidadandTobago.Withtheunveilingofthisstatuewecommemorate our own historical development, our own positive action, ourownnativehistorymadebynativehands,andtheaspirationofournative peoples.” The Cipriani College of Labour and Co-operativeStudiesisnamedinhishonourandapostagestampwasissuedin1971,also in his honour.

DAISY CRICK(1898-1979)

ShewasaTradeUnionist,andalthoughahousewifeandnotanoilworker,sheheldpositionsofincreasingresponsibilityintherelated

TransportUnionandOWTU.

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ELMA CONSTANCE FRANCOIS (1897-1944)

ShewasanactiveTradeUnionistandtogetherwithUriahBuzzButlerandothers,ledthehistoricgeneralstrikeinJune1937.

ADRIAN COLA RIENZI(1905-1972)

Born Krishna Deonarine, a high school drop-out due to familycircumstances, he became an avid reader learning about Cola di

Rienzo,afourteenthcenturyItalianactivistandpatriotwhoorganisedand fought great battles on behalf of workers. In 1927, Deonarinechanged his name toAdrian Cola Rienzi, after a British magistrateAdrianClarkeandColadiRienzoandeventuallybecamealawyerinspiteofhisearlyeducationalsetbacks.From1930to1934,hestudiedabroad,firstatTrinityCollege,Dublin,thenatMiddleTemple,England.

A close comrade ofArthurAndrew Cipriani in the fight for thebettermentof theworking classwith thepassion tomakeTrinidad abetter place, he parted ways with Cipriani’s party/union in 1936 tochampionworkersinthesugarcaneindustryincentralTrinidad.ThatwasthesameyearthatButlerdidthesametochampiontheplightofworkers in the oil industry that was, like the sugar cane industry, based outsideofPortofSpain,inthe‘oilbelt’insouthTrinidad.Rienziwasthefirstpresidentof theTrinidadandTobagoTradesUnionCouncil,fromitsfoundationin1938until1944.HehadearlierbeeninstrumentalintheformationoftheTrinidadCitizens’League(1934),apartycloselyalignedtothesugarindustry.InNovember1937theAllTrinidadSugarEstateandFactoryWorkersTradeUnion(ATSEFWTU)wasregistered,with Rienzi serving as president of both the OilfieldWorkers TradeUnion(OWTU)andATSEFWT,bothofwhichhefounded.In1939theTradeUnionCongress(TUC)wasestablishedandRienziwaselectedits

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firstpresident.Healsorepresented‘labour’attheForsterandMoynescommissions.

Asalawyerheintensifiedhispersonaloppositionagainstallattemptsofexploitationofworkers. Inaddition topushing forworkers rights,RienzialsofoughtfortherightsofIndo-Trinidadians,helpingtosecuremore employment in the public service as well as the right to cremate, therecognitionofHinduandMuslimmarriagesandthesettingupofschoolsbynon-Christianreligiousdenominations.InadditiontobeingaMemberoftheLegislativeCouncilfrom1937-1944,hewasalsotheMayorofSanFernandofrom1939to1942andservedfourtermsontheSanFernandoBoroughCouncil.

Hewasamemberof the franchisecommitteeappointed in1941,and strongly advocateduniversal adult suffrage.He stoutly defendedUriahButler’s agitation in theoil belt in June1937 anddidhis besttodefendhiscomradebecominghis legalcounsel in thechargesthatwere brought against him. During the two year period that Butler was jailedandsubsequentdetentiononwarsecuritygrounds,RienzimadealleffortstokeeptheButler’ssupporterstogetherandhisimagealivesothatuponhisreleasein1945,hewaswarmlywelcomedback.AdrianColaRienzi’s long stint in theLegislativeCouncil sawhimworkingtirelesslyfortheendoftheCrownColonySystemandthecominginofAdultFranchise.AprominentbuildingintheheartofwhatoncewasthesugarbeltinCouva,centralTrinidad,isnamedtheRienziComplexin his honour.

CLOTIL WALCOTT(1925-2007)

Sheworkedtirelesslyfortherightsoftheworkingwoman.In1965she began her activities in the LabourMovement by joining the

UnionofCommercialandIndustrialWorkers(UCIW)whichwaslaterreplacedas the representativeunion for theCanningsworkersby theNational Union of Government and Federated Workers (NUGFW)andin1967shejoinedthatunion.In1985shegottheUnitedNationstomovethatwomen’sworkshouldbecountedin theGrossNationalProduct.In1998ClotilWalcottwasawardedtheHummingBirdMedalSilver.

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GEORGE WEEKES(1921-1995)

HewasthePresidentGeneraloftheOilfieldWorkersTradeUnionfrom1962to1987whousedaggressivetacticsinhisfightagainst

those inpower.He alignedhimself andhis followerswith theBlackPowermovementof1970.Hehadapowerfulstyleandalwaysstoodupwithconfidenceforwhathefeltwasjustandright.

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Writing and Journalism

ALBERT “BOOTINS” ALKINS (1915-1995)

Foralmost50yearshewasasportsjournalistandwasthesportseditorfor the country’s leadingnewspapers at various times.Heplayed

many sports excellingas a lightweightboxer, anational footballer, ahockeyplayerandalongdistancerunner.In1977hewasawardedthePublicServiceMedalofMeritGold.

Therehavebeenothersportsjournalistsandwritersofnote,amongthem Brunell Jones, Leroy ‘Fathead’ Williams and Mervyn ‘Pee Wee’ Wong, the latter a statistician.

MICHAEL ANTHONY (1930- )

MichaelAnthony isTrinidadandTobago’s#1go-tohistorian.Hewas born and raised in Mayaro. His passion for research and

writingisboundless,andhisimpressivelistofpublicationsdatesbackto1963.

Once an avid swimmer, an athletics fan and football fan of theTottenham Hotspurs (he resided near their home ground in Londonfor some fourteenyears inhis earlydays),Anthonyeven inhis lateryearsisnearingcompletionofVolume2ofhisseriesofbooksHistory of Trinidad and Tobago in the 20th century.While in England for aperiodoftimehehadthehonourofcommunicatingwithNobelprize-winningauthorV.S.Naipaulwhoencouragedhimtopursuehisshortstorywriting.ThusevolvedhisfirstpublishednovelThe Games Were Coming,in1963,followedbyalonglistofothernovelsuptoHigh Tide of Intriguein2001.OthernotedtitleswereThe Year in San Fernando and CricketintheRoad.

HerankshispersonalfavouritenovelasAll that Glitters, a detective fiction, and his favorite non-fiction works as Towns and Villages ofTrinidad and Tobago and Historical Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago.

(SeeNewspapersPage178)

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MichaelAnthonyistrulyanotherofTrinidadandTobago’sliterarygiants,apublishedauthorofsomethirtybookswithmoreloomingonthehorizon.Hislatestin2012isChristopherColumbus:ACloseLookattheManandhisVoyages.

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialatUWI,St.Augustine.• 1967FellowshipbytheArtsCouncilofGreatBritain• 1979HummingBirdGoldMedal• 2003Honorarydoctorate,UniversityoftheWestIndies

GERARD A. ‘JERRY’ BESSON(1942- )

He has published and produced over 80 titles on the history andculture of Trinidad and Tobago.At least ten of these he wrote

himselfamongthem:Photograph Album of Trinidad at the turn of the 19thcentury and the BookofTrinidad(withBridgetBrereton).Overtheyears,Bessonservedasamemberoforadvisortovariousgovernment-appointedworkgroups.In2004,heestablishedamuseumforthePoliceServiceatPoliceHeadquarters,PortofSpain.Itwasthethirdinaseriesofsmallmuseumsheplannedanddesigned,thefirstbeingacompanymuseumfortheHouseofAngostura,andthesecondtheCityofPort-of-SpainMuseum at Fort SanAndrés. In 2007 he was awarded theHummingbird Medal Gold.

PIERRE G. L. BORDE(1820-1891)

Asawriterandhistorian,hepublishedhis19yearsofresearchintwo volumes in 1876 and 1882:Histoire de l’ile de la Trinidad

sous le Gouvernement Espagnol(HistoryoftheislandofTrinidadundertheSpanishGovernment).Hewasalso thekeeperof theLapeyrouseCemeteryformanyyears.

ANDREW CARR (1902-1976)

Hewrotealotaboutourfolklore,carnival,calypsoandtourismformanyyears.HewasamemberofPrimeMinister’sBestVillage

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Competitioncommittee, amemberof theZoologicalSocietyand theFieldNaturalistClub.In1969hewasawardedtheHummingbirdGoldMedal.

DANIEL DEFOE(1669-1731)

AnEnglishnovelistwhomadeTobagointernationallyfamousinhisnovel‘RobinsonCrusoe’.

JOSEPH DE SUZE(1846-1941)

An educator and a writer, he was a primary school teacher and author ofmanytextbooksforchildrenaboutourhistory,geographyand

culture, the most well known being LittleFolksTrinidad,firstpublishedin1910.

FR. ANTHONY DE VERTEUIL(1932- )

Fr.AnthonyDeVerteuilisateacher,notedhistorianandwriterwhopublishedapproximately20books.Followinghisgraduationfrom

UniversityCollege,Ireland,whereheobtainedaB.A.inEnglishandHistory,Fr.DeVerteuilwasordainedaRomanCatholicpriestinIrelandin1962.

AfterashortperiodofmissionaryworkinNigeria,hereturnedtoTrinidadandtaughtathisalmamater,St.Mary’sCollege,from1963until his retirement in 1992, except for a two year break from 1966to1968whenheservedasVice-PrincipalofFatimaCollege.Hewas

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PrincipalofSt.Mary’sfrom1978to1992.Fr.DeVerteuileditedandpublishedTheUrichDiaryTrinidad1830-

1832;theoriginalwashand-writteninGermanbyFriedrichUrichinthe1830sandpaintsaclearpictureoflifeinTrinidadduringthattime.ItwastranslatedintoEnglishbyUrich’sgranddaughterIreneUrichinthe1950s.

Fr.DeVerteuil’sbooksinclude: The Story of Gene Smile and the Gas StationRacket1981,Eight East Indian Immigrants (1989), The Germans in Trinidad(1994),Surgery in Trinidad(1996),Western Isles of Trinidad(2002),Temples of Trinidad(2004),andThe Corsicans in Trinidad(2005).

• 1992-HummingBirdMedalGold• 2004-HonoraryLL.D.degreefromTheUniversityoftheWest

Indies(forworkaseducator,historian,andwriter)

LIONEL M. FRASER (Not available-1901)

Although hewas a civil servant and aChief of Police, he is bestrememberedforhishistoricalwritings,HistoryofTrinidad1783-

1813and HistoryofTrinidad1814-1839.

RICHARD P. FFRENCH(1929-2010)

ArrivingtoteachtheartsinTrinidadatStPeter’s,theschoolatPointe-à-Pierrein1958,hewasalwaysabirdloverandwentontoauthor

TheGuidetotheBirdsofTrinidad&Tobago,firstpublishedin1973.Thiswasanoutstandingbookproducedafteryearsofbirdwatchinganddocumenting.Thescarletibis,ournationalbird,wasoneofthemanyheresearchedwiththehelpofhiswifeMargaret.Hewaswellknownasaninspirationalteacher,musicianandconductor.In1984hewasawardedthe Chaconia Medal Silver. He also received the MBE award.

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C.L.R. JAMES(1901- 1989)

CyrilLionelRobertJameswasaninfluentialpoliticalthinker,activistandwriterduringtheeraofTrinidad’sindependence.Hewasalso

passionate about cricket and his love for the sport is reflected in hiswork.

In 1932, James moved to England, and worked as a cricketcommentatorandwriter.Hebecameactiveinleft-wingpolitics,andwasanadvocateof socialism.Hewrote severalbooksduring thisperiod,including Minty Alley (1936),World Revolution (1937) and awidelyacclaimedhistoryoftheHaitianrevolution.

In1938,JameswenttotheU.S.Hecontinuedtobeapoliticalactivist,campaigningagainstcolonialismandadvocating for independenceoftheWestIndies.AfterbeinginGhanaforitsrevolutionin1957,JamesreturnedtoTrinidadtohelpinthenationalistmovement.HeeditedthePNMnewspaper,theNation,andwasachampionofthePan-Africanmovement.AfteradisputewithEricWilliams,heleftTrinidadin1961.

BackinBritain,in1963hepublishedBeyond a Boundary, a classic, aboutcricketbutalsoanautobiographyandadescriptionofTrinidadiansociety.

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 1987TrinityCross.

EDWARD JOSEPH

HiswritingsaboutthingsTrinidad(geography,floraandfauna,andhistory) were documented in the 1830’s and later published as

History of Trinidad in1838.Itwasthefirstattempttorecordourhistory.

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EARL LOVELACE(1935- )

Toco-borninternationallyacclaimedauthor,fordecadeshehasbeenamajorfigureinCaribbeanliteratureandhasrisentotheheightof

hisliteraryglorybycoppingsomeoftheprestigiousawardsinhisfield.He attended Scarborough Methodist Primary School, Nelson Street Boys,R.C.,PortofSpain,andIdealHighSchool,PortofSpain.Inthe1950’sand1960’sheworkedattheTrinidadGuardianasaproofreaderfortheDepartmentofForestryandtheMinistryofAgriculture.Hethenstudied at Howard

University,Washington,DC, from1966 to 1967, and in 1974 hereceivedanMAinEnglishfromJohnsHopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,Maryland.

From1977to1987helecturedinliteratureandcreativewritingattheUniversityoftheWestIndiesatSt.Augustine.HewasappointedWriter-in-Residence inEngland by theLondonArtsBoard (1995-6),a visiting lecturer in the Africana Studies Department at WellesleyCollege,Massachusetts (1996-7), and was Distinguished Novelist inthe Department of English at Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma,Washington(1999-2004).

His first novel, While Gods Are Falling, was published in 1965 and won the British Petroleum Independence Literary Award. It was followed by The Schoolmaster (1968), about the impact of the arrival of a new teacher in a remote community. His third novel, The Dragon Can’t Dance (1979), regarded by many critics as his best work, describes the rejuvenating effects of carnival on the inhabitants of a slum on the outskirts of Port of Spain. In The Wine of Astonishment (1982) he examines popular religion through the story of a member of the Baptist Church in a rural village. A collection of his plays, Jestina’s Calypso and Other Plays, was published in 1984. His novel, Salt, was published in 1996 and won the Commonwealth Writers Prize (Overall Winner, Best Book) in 1997. He even authored a children’s book entitled Crawfie the Crapaud and a collection of his essays are published in Glowing in the dark, Selected Essays. He co-wrote the script for the film Joebell and America with daughter Asha Lovelace in 2004.

There is a collection of his material at the West Indiana and Special Collections Division at UWI.

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• 1988:ChaconiaMedalGold• 1997:Hisnovel,Salt,wontheCommonwealthWritersPrizefor

Best Book• 2011: Grand Prize for Caribbean Literature by the Regional

CouncilofGuadeloupeforhisbookIs Just a Movie

OLGA (BOOS) MAVROGORDATO(1903-1993)

OlgaMavrogordatohelpedtoruntheBoosfamilyfirm,J.N.Harriman,formanydecades andhadapassion for thehistoryofTrinidad,

helping researchers and writers. She also collected manuscripts and rare books,andpublishedin1977awellresearchedbookonlocalhistory,VoicesintheStreet.

THERESE MILLS(1931- )

Sincethelate1940’sshehasbeenajournalist,editor,authorbeforebranching out on her own to help build the Newsday Newspaper as

itsEditor-in-Chiefin1993.In1987shewasawardedtheHummingBirdMedal Silver.

VIDIA S. NAIPAUL(1932- )

V.S. Naipaul attended University College, Oxford University,England.After his graduation in 1953, heworked at theBritish

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Broadcasting Corporation as a broadcaster and joint editor of theprogramme Caribbean voices.

In1957,hewrotehisfirstnovel,The Mystic Masseur. Since then both hisfictionandnon-fictionworkshavebeenwidelyreadworldwide.ForinstanceNaipaul’sfourthnovel,A House for Mr. Biswas, depicting the lifeandtimesofanEastIndianfamilyofChaguanas,hasbeenrankedasoneofthebestnovelsofthe20th century.

In1990,NaipaulwasknightedbytheQueenofEngland.In2001,hewontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.Naipaul’sworkhasbeenthesubjectofcontroversyforwhathasbeeninterpretedashisnegativeportrayaloflifeintheCaribbean.Recurringthemesinhisworkareaboutpeoplewithoutrootsandpeoplesearchingforbelongingafterbeingestrangedfromthesocietiestowhichtheybelong.

Some of his best knownworks include:Miguel Street (1959);A House for Mr. Biswas(1961);The Mimic Men(1967);In A Free State (1971);A Bend in The River (1979);The Enigma of Arrival (1987);Magic Seeds(2004)

• 1970-Trinidad&TobagoHummingBirdMedalGold• 1989-Trinidad&TobagoTrinityCross• 1990-KnightedbyQueenElizabethIIofEngland• 2001-NobelPrizeforLiterature

SAMUEL SELVON (1923-1994)

SamuelSelvonbeganhiswritingcareerasareporterfortheTrinidadGuardiannewspaperafterWorldWarII,butitwashisnovelsthat

madehimfamous.SelvonmovedtoLondon,Englandinthe1950sandthentoAlberta,

Canada in the 1970s. His 1956 novel The Lonely Londoners was groundbreaking for its use of creolised English rather than StandardEnglish in narrative and dialogue.

His novel A Brighter Sun(1952),thestoryofayoungEast-IndianmannamedTiger,wasfrequentlyusedontheCXCEnglishliteraturesyllabus.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Selvon converted several of his novelsintoradioscripts,whichwerebroadcastontheBBC.Someofhisother

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notable works include Ways of Sunlight(1957),Turn Again Tiger(1958)and Those Who Eat the Cascadura (1972).

ThereisacollectionofhismaterialattheWestIndianaandSpecialCollectionsDivisionatUWI.

• 1969 - Trinidad & Tobago Humming Bird Medal Gold forLiterature

• 1989-HonoraryDoctorate,UniversityofWarwick,Coventry,England

• 1995-Trinidad&TobagoChaconiaMedalGoldforLiterature

KEITH SMITH(1946-2011)

KeithSmithwasajournalistandeditorwhosecareerspannedmorethanfourdecades.Overtheyearsheworkedasareporter,featurewriter,editor,and

columnist. Smith was well known for his column, the Keith SmithColumn.Itappeareddailyinthepaperforyears,andcoveredalltopicsincludingcarnival,art,sports,politics,lifeinTrinidad,andrace.

Smith retired fromhispositionasExpressEditor-at-Largeonhis65thbirthday.Acollectionofhisworks“TheBestofKeithSmith”hasbeen published.

• 2009-HummingbirdMedalSilver

DEREK WALCOTT(1930- )

DerekWalcottisanauthorandpoetwhowasborninSt.Lucia.AfterstudyingattheUniversityoftheWestIndiesinJamaica,Walcott

movedtoTrinidadin1953,whereheworkedasatheatreandartcritic.In1959,hefoundedtheTrinidadTheatreWorkshopwhichproducedmany

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ofhisearlyplays.HetaughtliteratureandwritingatBostonUniversityintheUnitedStatesformorethantwodecades.Hepublishednewbooksofpoetryandplaysonaregularbasisandretiredin2007.In2009,Walcottbeganathree-yeardistinguishedscholar-in-residencepositionattheUniversityofAlberta.In2010,hebecameProfessorofPoetryattheUniversityofEssex.ThereisaspecialcollectionofhismaterialatUWI,St.Augustine.Notableworks:Omeros (1990); InaGreenNight:Poems1948-1960 (1962);White Egrets(2010).

• 1969HummingbirdMedalGold• 1971ObieAwardforBestForeignPlay,forDreamonMonkey Mountain• 1972OBE1981MacArthurFoundationFellowship(“genius award”)• 1988Queen’sGoldMedalforPoetry• 1990ArtsCouncilofWalesInternationalWritersPrize• 1990W.H.SmithLiteraryAwardforOmeros (poetry)• 1992NobelPrizeforLiterature• 1993TrinityCross• 2008HonorarydoctoratefromtheUniversityofEssex• 2011T.S.EliotPrizeforWhite Egrets(poetry)• 2011OCMBocasPrizeforCaribbeanLiterature forWhite Egrets

NEWSPAPERS:

-TrinidadCourant,weekly,startedin1797byM.Gallagher-TrinidadGuardian,daily,startedin1917-TrinidadExpress,daily,startedin1967-Newsday,daily,startedin1993,byDanielChookolingo-Bomb/1970,Punch/1972,TNTMirror,weeklies,allstartedby Patrick Chookolingo

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SOME “FIRSTS” IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

• 1610FirstsetofAfricanslavestoTrinidad• 1799 First English newspaper is published, the “Trinidad

Courant”• 1839Firstcarnival,asweknowittoday,onthestreetsinTrinidad• 1845FirstsetofEastIndianindenturedlabourerstoTrinidad• 1853LouisdeVerteuil:firstPortofSpainMayor• 1859Firstrail transportsystem, theCiperoTramwayinsouth

Trinidad,pulledbyhorsesthenlaterbysteamengines• 1867FirstoilwelltostrikeoilinTrinidadatAriperoinsouth

westernTrinidadnearLaBreabyCaptainWalterDarwent• 1876FirstPassengerrailwayservicestarted(August31st)starts

fullybetweenPortofSpainandSt.Joseph• 1883FirsttelephoneusedinTrinidad• 1895FirsttimeelectricityisintroducedinPortofSpain• 1889TrinidadandTobagojoinedasonecountry• 1895Firstelectrictramintroduced(fromBelmontCircularRoad

attheQueen’sParkSavannah)• 1900FirstmotorcaronstreetsofPortofSpain• 1902Oilisfirstbroughttothesurfaceafterlargequantitieswere

found inGuayaguayare (through theeffortsof JohnLeeLumandRandolphRust)

• 1911Firstcinema,theLondonElectricTheatre,opensinPortofSpain(‘silent’films)

• 1913FirstairplaneflightinTrinidad• 1925FirstGeneralElections inTrinidad andTobago (limited

votingrights.See1946)• 1930FirstTestcricketcenturyanddoublecenturyfortheWest

Indies,bothscoredbyT&T’sCliffordRoach• 1930First‘talking’movieshown(not‘silent’asbefore)• 1932GladysRamsaran:firstwomantobeadmittedtotheBar

inT&T• 1934MannieDookie:firstathletetorepresentT&Tininternational

athleticsatthe2nd British Emperor Games in London• 1936AudreyJeffers:firstwomantobeelectedtoPortofSpain’s

City Council• 1937Firstfemaletorecordacalypso,ThelmaLane,LadyTrinidad• 1945Firststeelbandsonthestreet,celebratingtheendofthewar• 1946Firstelectionswhereallormostadultswereallowedtovote• 1948IsabellaCabral:firstfemaletoobtainapilot’slicence• 1950 Beryl Archibald-Crichlow: first woman Mayor (San

Fernando)

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• 1951 First steelband overseas tour (TAPSO, Trinidad AllPercussionSteelOrchestra),toEurope

• 1955FirstsetofwomendraftedintothePoliceForce• 1956 Edna Thomas, Lady Iere: first Calypso Competition

“Queen”• 1956 Joseph Goddard: Tobago’s first Olympian, Melbourne

Australia,100&200metres• 1956-1959EricWilliams:firstChiefMinister• 1959-1962EricWilliams:firstPremierofTrinidadandTobago• 1961 Isabel Teshea: first woman elected to House of

Representatives• 1962-1981EricWilliams:firstPrimeMinisterofTrinidadand

Tobago• 1962LordBryner:firstIndependenceCalypsoKing• 1962SolomonHochoy:firstGovernorGeneralofIndependent

T&T• 1962HughWooding:firstChiefJusticeafterIndependence• 1962TelevisionpicturesfirsttransmittedinT&T• 1963-67 Isabel Teshea: first woman to serve as a Cabinet

Minister• 1966-1971 Lilas Wight: first woman to be elected to the

legislatureinT&T• 1972MarieElizabethBourne:firstfemalejudge(TTPostStamp

1980)• 1976TrinidadandTobagobecomesaRepublic• 1976EllisClarke:firstPresidentofT&T• 1976HaselyCrawford:firsttowinanOlympicGoldMedal• 1977CalypsoRose:firstwomantowinRoadMarch• 1978CalypsoRose:firstwomantowinCalypsoMonarch• 1981FirstWorldChampionBoxer,ClaudeNoel• 1995PamelaNicholson:firstfemaleMPfromTobago• 1995KamlaPersad-Bissessar:firstfemaleAttorneyGeneral• 1999WendyYawching:firstfemalecaptainoftheT&TNational

Airline• 2010MarciaAyers-Caesar:firstfemaleChiefMagistrate• 2010KamlaPersad-Bissessar:firstfemalePrimeMinister• 2011 Kamla Persad-Bissessar: Commonwealth’s first female

Chairperson-in-Office

Please feel free to add to this list.

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HIGHEST INDEPENDENCE DAY NATIONAL AWARDS

THE ORDER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD

AND TOBAGO/THE TRINITY CROSS

(Source:NationalAwardsDatabase:www.thepresident.tt)

YEAR AWARD RECIPIENT CATEGORY

2011 TheOrderoftheRepublic ofTrinidadandTobago Mr.AnthonyNormanSabga CommunityService

2011 TheOrderoftheRepublic ofTrinidadandTobago Mr.PhilipLouisUlricCross Law 2011 TheOrderoftheRepublic ofTrinidadandTobago Mrs.HelenBhagwansingh CommunityService 2011 TheOrderoftheRepublic ofTrinidadandTobago Mrs.ZalayharHassanali CommunityService 2010 TheOrderofthe RepublicofTrinidad Dr.WahidAli[Posthumous] CommunityService andTobago

2010 TheOrderoftheRepublic ofTrinidadandTobago Mr.KamaluddinMohammed NationalService

2010 TheOrderoftheRepublic Mr.KarlTerrenceHudson-Phillips, ofTrinidadandTobago Q.C. Law

2010 TheOrderoftheRepublic ofTrinidadandTobago PunditKrishnaMaharaj[Posthumous] CommunityService

2009 TheOrderoftheRepublic Ms.JizelleSalandy ofTrinidadandTobago of(Boxing) FortheSport

2008 TheOrderoftheRepublic Mr.AnthonyWilliams ofTrinidadandTobago Development Steelpan

2008 TheOrderoftheRepublic Steelpan ofTrinidadandTobago Mr.Bertram“Bertie”LloydMarshall Development 2008 TheOrderoftheRepublic ProfessorBrianCopeland SteelpanTechnology ofTrinidadandTobago Development

2007 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded

2006 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded

2005 TheTrinityCross HisExcellencyEdwinWilberforce National/Regional Carrington Development

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2003 TheTrinityCross HisExcellencyGeorgeMaxwellRichards Ex-Officio

2003 TheTrinityCross ProfessorKennethJulien Leadershiprolein National Economic Development

2003 TheTrinityCross TheHonourableJusticeSatnarine ContributionasJudge Sharma in the High Court and CourtofAppealtothe Developmentofthelaw

2002 TheTrinityCross TheRightHonourableDr.Eric Outstanding EustaceWilliams[Posthumous] anddistinguished service in recognition ofthe40thanniversary oftheIndependenceof TrinidadandTobago

2001 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded

2000 TheTrinityCross ArchbishopAnthonyPantin CommunityService [Posthumous]

1999 TheTrinityCross ChiefEleazarChukwuemeka InternationalAffairs Anyaoku,C.O.N.,AdazieofObosi, OgwumbaofIdemili[Honorary]

1999 TheTrinityCross Dr.HenryWesleyMoulton Medicineand Collymore-MBBS,FRCS CommunityService

1998 TheTrinityCross SylvanBowles[Posthumous] Education

1997 TheTrinityCross HisExcellencyArthurN.R. Ex-Officio Robinson - S.C., Hon. D.C.L., Hon.FellowSt.John’sCollege OxfordUniversity

1996 TheTrinityCross Mr.MichaelAnthonyDelaBastide Law

1996 TheTrinityCross Mr.PeterMinshall ArtandCulture

1995 TheTrinityCross FatherGerardArthurPantin-C.S.Sp CommunityService

1995 TheTrinityCross MissPatriciaAlisonBishop-H.B.M. CommunityService

1994 TheTrinityCross Mr.BrianLara Sport

1993 TheTrinityCross Mr.DerekWalcott[Honorary] CreativeWriting

1992 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded 1991 TheTrinityCross TheRegimentoftheTrinidadand ThePreservationof TobagoDefenceForce Democracyand Constitutional Government

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1991 TheTrinityCross TheTrinidadandTobagoPolice ThePreservationof Service Democracy and Constitutional Government

1990 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded

1989 TheTrinityCross Dr.BerylEugeniaMcBurnie-H.B.M PromotionoftheArts .1989 TheTrinityCross Mr.VidiaS.Naipaul-H.B.M Literature 1988 TheTrinityCross Mr.CyrilDuprey Business/ Community Service

1988 TheTrinityCross Mr.WilliamGilbertDemas OutstandingPublic Service and Promotion oftheNationalWelfare

1987 TheTrinityCross HisExcellencyNoorM.Hassanali Ex-Officio

1987 TheTrinityCross Mr.C.L.R.James Literature

1987 TheTrinityCross Mr.GeorgeWeekes TradeUnionism

1987 TheTrinityCross PanTrinbago Culture(SteelbandMusic)

1987 TheTrinityCross TheHonourableMrJustice Law Clinton Bernard

1986 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded

1985 TheTrinityCross TheHonourableMrJusticeCecil PublicService(Legal Kelsick andJudicial)

1984 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded

1983 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded 1982 TheTrinityCross Mr.TajmoolHosein Law

1981 TheTrinityCross Mrs.IsabellaTeshea[Posthumous] PublicService

1980 TheTrinityCross CommanderMervynWilliams–M.O.M. Defence 1980 TheTrinityCross Mr.ErrolGregoire Public and Social Service

1980 TheTrinityCross Mr.RandolphBurroughs-M.O.M. PoliceService

1980 TheTrinityCross Mr.VictorBruce-H.B.M. Finance

1979 TheTrinityCross Mr.ClementEwartGladstonePhillips Law 1979 TheTrinityCross Mr.GerardMontano PublicService

1979 TheTrinityCross Mr.MitraG.Sinanan LawandPublicService

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1979 TheTrinityCross Mrs.EugeniaTheodosiaPierre– Sport(Netball) C.M.T.,H.B.M.

1978 TheTrinityCross BrigadierJoffreCharlesHarold PublicService Serrette-M.O.M.,C.V.O.,M.B.E., E.D. 1978 TheTrinityCross Dr.PatrickVincentJosephSolomon- PublicService L.R.C.P.(Ed.),L.R.C.S.(Ed.), L.R.F.P.+S.(Glas.)

1978 TheTrinityCross Mr.JosephAlgernonWharton-Q.C LawandPublic Service

1977 TheTrinityCross Dr.WahidAli PublicService 1977 TheTrinityCross MissJanellePennyCommissiong Promotionofthe imageofTrinidadand Tobago

1977 TheTrinityCross ProfessorEmmanuelCiprian Medicine Amoroso-C.B.E.,F.R.S.,F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S.,F.R.C.O.G.,F.R.C.(Path), D.Sc.(Lond.),D.Phil(Freiberg); PhD(Lond)M.D.;B.Sc.;B.A.D.(Nui) 1977 TheTrinityCross SirAlanReece PublicService

1976 TheTrinityCross LordDavidThomasPitt PublicService

1976 TheTrinityCross Mr.HaselyJoachimCrawford Sport

1976 TheTrinityCross Mr.RodneyMaingot-M.R.C.S Medicine (Eng.),L.R.C.P.(Lond.),M.B.,B.S. (Lond.),F.R.C.S.(Eng.)

1976 TheTrinityCross TheHonourableClytusArnold PublicService Thomasos

1975 TheTrinityCross NoTrinityCrossMedalsawarded

1974 TheTrinityCross SirWernerJamesBoos-C.B.E. PublicService [Posthumous]

1974 TheTrinityCross TheHonourableSirIsaacHyatali Justice

1973 TheTrinityCross Mr.CharlesHaroldLaBorde Navigationand Adventure 1973 TheTrinityCross Mrs.MaryKwailanLaBorde Navigationand Adventure

1972 TheTrinityCross Dr.GeorgeRoderickMarcano SocialService 1972 TheTrinityCross Mr.GarfieldSt.AuburnSobers Sport

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[Honorary]

1972 TheTrinityCross Mr.RupertCarlyleArchbald-Q.C. Law

1971 TheTrinityCross BaronLearieConstantine PublicService [Posthumous]

1971 TheTrinityCross Mr.JuliusHamiltonMaurice PublicService

1971 TheTrinityCross Mr.MarioGibsonBarboza Friendly Neighbourhood Relations 1971 TheTrinityCross SirArthurHughMcShine-Kt.Bach. Justice 1970 TheTrinityCross HisExcellencyMr.DonaldC. PublicService Granado

1970 TheTrinityCross Mr.GeorgeRichards-Q.C. PublicService

1970 TheTrinityCross Mr.TubalUriahBuzzButler TradeUnionism 1969 TheTrinityCross Dr.RudranathCapildeo Science

1969 TheTrinityCross HisExcellencyCountFinbarRyan Religion - O.P. Social Service 1969 TheTrinityCross HisExcellencySirSolomonHochoy Ex-Officio -G.C.M.G.,G.C.V.O.,O.B.E.

1969 TheTrinityCross SirEllisClarke-C.M.G.,Q.C. Draftingthe Constitutionof IndependentTrinidad andTobago

1969 TheTrinityCross TheRightHonourableSirHugh Justice Wooding - P.C., C.B.E., Q.C.

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REFERENCE SOURCES

• Historical Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago, By Michael Anthony(1997)

• DictionaryofCaribbeanBiography,VolumeOne:TrinidadandTobago, By Bridget Brereton, Brinsley Samaroo and Glenroy Taitt(1998)

• Heroes of the People of Trinidad and Tobago, By Michael Anthony(2005)

• NIHERST’STrinidad and Tobago Icons in Science and TechnologyVolumeI(2005)

• NIHERST’STrinidad and Tobago Icons in Science and TechnologyVolumeII(2009)

• NIHERST’SCaribbean Women in Science and Their Careers (2011)

• WHO’SWHOandHandbookofTrinidadandTobago,ExpressNewspapersLtd./InprintCaribbeanLtd.(1991)

• The90MostProminentWomeninTrinidadandTobago, ExpressNewspapersLtd./InprintCaribbeanLtd.(1991)

NALISwebsite:www.nalis.gov.ttRonaldEmrit’swebsite:www.bestoftrinidad.comFirstCitizensSportsFoundation’sTrinidadandTobagoSportsHallofFamewebsite:www.ttsportshall.comNationalAwardsdatabase:www.thepresident.tt

Author’s note: AsstatedintheIntroduction,sincerethanksmust be given to all the writers, historians/researchers and organisationswhoseworksIhavelistedasthereferencesources(especiallyMichaelAnthony,BridgetBrereton,RonaldEmrit, NALIS and NIHERST who have willingly given their approvalfortheuseoftheirworks).Allofthereferencessourcesarerecommendedreadingtogainfurtherknowledgeofour Heroes, Pioneers and Role Models.

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ADDENDUM

KESHORN WALCOTT (1993- )

Still a teenager, Toco born and bred Keshorn Walcott, broughtgoldenglorytoTrinidadandTobagoonSaturday11thAugust,2012attheOlympicsinLondon,England.Hishomecomingwasfitforthekingofthesportofjavelin-throwingthathehadbecomewitharecordthrowof84.58metres.

HewasthesecondOlympicgoldmedallistinthehistoryofTrinidadandTobago,thefirstbeingHaselyCrawford,36yearsagoinMontreal,and the youngest ever to win the event at the Olympics.

Prior to his Olympic achievement, Walcott was the Junior World Champion at the 2012BarcelonaGames, a three-timewinner in theUnder-20JavelinthrowattheCariftaGamesandatwo-timechampionat the CAC Junior Championships.

Monday13thAugust2012wasdeclaredanationalholiday inhishonourandhewasbestowedwithmanyvaluablegiftsbytheGovernmentforhisgreatachievement.

Thefamouslandmark,theTocoLighthouse,hasbeenrenamed“TheKeshornWalcott Toco Lighthouse” and the high school fromwhichhe graduated, Toco Composite, will become “The KeshornWalcottSecondarySchool”.

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JAMES AUGUSTUS ALVES(1883 – 1969)

Founding father of the Trinidad and Tobago Blind WelfareAssociation(TTBWA).

JamesAugustusAlves,wasborn inBerbice,BritishGuiana(nowGuyana),onNovember10,1883.

YoungAlvessufferedinjurytohiseyes,followinganaccidentinaschool-yard,whenanobjectwasthrownathim.Hesubsequentlylostsight in both eyes.

Ataroundtheageofnineteen,JamestravelledtotheEnglandwherehe attended theRoyalNormalCollege.His exposure at thisCollegeprovidedhimwithan insight into thedevelopments forpersonswhowere blind, which were taking place, internationally.

In1911,AlvestravelledthroughouttheEnglish-speakingCaribbeanseekingtoconvincepolitical,businessandcivicleadersoftheneedtoestablishprogrammesofservicesfortheblind.

EventuallysettlingInTrinidad,hemetwiththeactingGovernor,SirSamuelKnaggs,andpresentedhisideas.He,inturn,wasrequestedtoforwardhisideasandsuggestionstotheGovernorwhowasawayatthetime.Intheinterim,heapproachedtheRomanCatholicBishop,FatherJ.P.Dowling,andtheAnglicanBishopFatherWelsh,forapprovalandassistanceincommencingworkfortheblindinTrinidadandTobago.Because the ideas were novel, they were viewed with some scepticism by the public, but received encouragement from the Clergy. On thereturn of theGovernor, SirGeorgeLeeHunt, JamesAlvesmetwithhim, the Roman Catholic Archbishop and the Anglican Bishop. At the endofthemeeting,itwasagreedthatbeforeanyworkcommenced,acensusofthepopulationofthosewhowereblindshouldbetaken.ForJames Alves, this marked a turning point and provided some hope in workfortheblind.

In a feat showing initiative and determination, the indefatigableJames Alves travelled throughout the island, through towns and villages, by horse-drawn carts and by train, collecting data about persons who wereblind.Throughouthisjourneys,hewasaccompaniedbyayoungman who acted as his guide and provided whatever assistance he needed. Attheendofthesurvey,hefoundfivehundredandthirty-threeblind

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persons(533),twohundredandforty-sixmales(246)andtwohundredandeighty-sevenfemales(287);and,includingeleven(11)children.

Maurice Connor, another person who was blind, contributed greatlytothedevelopmentoftheTTBWA.

ANOTHERNOTABLEPIONEERSINTRINIDAD&TOBAGO:

Malcolm Barcant:forhisresearch/publicationonthemanyspeciesofbutterfliesinT&T.

James A. A. Biggart(1877-1932):forhiscontributionstowardsthedevelopmentofTobago.

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Abidh, Clarence, 83Achong, Bert, 100Adams, Aubrey, 38Agitation, John, 39Agostini, Michael, 141Ahamad, Nazeer, 17Ahye, Molly, 64Aleong, Kelvin “Pa”, 142Ali, Ameer, 130Ali, Ian, 124Ali, Salisha, 125Alkins, Albert “Bootins”, 169Alladin, M. P, 39Alleyne, Clyde, 124Alston, George, 24Alves, James, 190Ames, Stephen, 142Aming, Choy, 54Anstey, Arthur Henry, 83Anthony, Michael, 169Antoine, Glen, 124Apollon, Ray Golden, 143Assoon, Barbara, 124Atwell, Winnifred, 41Austin, Ann, 124Ayoung, Edwin, 41Aziz S. M., 41Aziz, Syed, A., 130Bacon, Peter, 91Bailey, George, 42Bailey, MacDonald, 144Barcant, Malcolm, 191Bartholomew, Courtnenay, 100Bath, Jonas, M., 2Battoo, Ethelbert “Meg”, 24Beaubrun, Michael, 102Beeby-Thompson, Arthur, 112Beetham, Edward, 6Belasco, Lionel, 43Bennett, Stephen, 18Berkeley, Wayne, 43Bermudez, Jose M, 24Besson, Gerard, 170Best, Lloyd, 80Betaudier, Holly, 125Biggart, James, 191 Bishop, Pat, 44Blackman, Garfield (Ras Shorty I), 73Blades, Elbert, R., 164Bodu, Jose and Ignacio, 45Boldon, Ato, 144Boos, Karl, 25Borde, Hugh, 45Borde, Pierre, 170Bourne, Desmond, 124Bovell, George III, 145Brereton, Bridget, 83Brierly, John, 121Brinsley, Hurbert, 136Brown, George, 136Bryan, Fitz Vaughn, 54Bryner, Lord, 46Bulbrook, John, 91Burroughs, Randolph, 121

Butler, Knolly, 84Butler, Tubal Uriah, 163 Cambridge, Thomas, 92Camps-Campins, Adrian, 48Canning, Ernest, 25Capildeo, Pundit, 130Capildeo, Rudranath, 115Carr, Andrew, 170Carrington, Edwin, 121Castagne, Patrick, 47Castillo, Paul, 47Cazabon, Michel Jean, 48Chacon, Jose Maria, 4Chambers, Ashton, 124Chambers, George, 10Chan Tack, Anthony, 136,Chang, Carlisle, 48Charles, Ahamad, 146Charles, Dareem, 147Charles, Joseph, 25Charles, Rudolph, 49Chevalier, Errol, 124Chookolingo, Daniel, 178Chookolingo, Patrick, 178Chu Foon, Patrick, 50Cipriani, Andre, 102 Cipriani, Arthur Andrew, 164Cipriani, Mikey, 136Clarke, Ellis, 9Clarke, H. A., 147Codallo, Alfred, 50Commissiong, Janelle Penny, 94Connor, Edric, 51Connor, Maurice, 191Constantine, Learie, 147Cope, Francis, 18Crawford, Hasely, 149Crick, Daisy, 165Cropper, Andre, 137Curvan, Clarence, 54Cutteridge, Joseph, 85Daaga, Makandal, 115Daniell, Alvin, 51Darwent, Walter, 112Davis, Marcus, 27Davis, Reginald, 27De Barcelona, Thomas, 131De Berrio, Antonio, 4De Berrio, Fernando, 4De Boissiere, William, 122Deen, Shamshu, 85DeFoe, Daniel, 171De Leon, Leo, 124De Lima, Yldefonso A, 26Demas, William, 80De Silva, Brenda, 124De St Laurent, Philippe-Rose Roume, 1De Suze, Joseph, 171De Verteuil, Anthony, 171De Verteuil, Louis, 102Devi, Champa, 52Devine, Winsford, 52Dookie, Mannie, 150Dopson, Syl, 54

INDEXDouglass, Raphael, 86Douglas, Walter, 53Dowland, Kaye, 122Dumbell, Thora, 53Duncan, Julian, 19Duncan, Sel, 54Duprey, Cyril, 26Eccles, William, 137Edinborough, Felix, 54Edwards, Julia, 54Elder, Jacob, 55Elliot, Samuel Ebenezer, 103Fernandez, Denzil, 56Ffrench, Richard, 172Fitzwilliam, Wendy, 94Forde, Christopher, 151Francis, Frankie, 54Francisco, Slinger (Mighty Sparrow), 75Francois, Elma, 166Fraser, Lionel, 172Freeman, William, 19Fung, Ed, 124Gabriel, Rosalind, 156Gallagher, M, 178Garcia, Phillip (Lord Executor), 57Gaskin, Molly, 92Ghany, Sam, 124Ghouralal, Samuel, 103Gibbon, Roger, 151Gilkes, George, 112Gittens, Bob, 124Goddard, George “Sonny”, 57Gomes, Albert, 116Gonsalves, June, 124Gordon, Arthur, 5Gordon, William, 27Graf, Leonard, 86Grant, Geddes, 27Grant, George, 27Grant, Rupert (Lord Invader), 60Grant, Kenneth, 131Gray, Adelbert, 137Griffith, Elton, 131Guppy, Robert, 87Hall, Wes, 36Hanoomansingh, Hans, 125Hardy, Fredrick, 20Harris, Lord, 5Hart, Edmund and Lil, 57Hassanali, Noor, 13Hennessey, Allyson Hezekiah, 126Hing Wan, Edwin, 58Hochoy, Solomon, 7Hochoy, Thelma, 33Holder, Boscoe, 59Hong Wing, Chang, 27Hosein, F E M, 97Huggins, George, F., 27Hughes, Frank, 124Hull, Barbara, 104Ibrahim, Mohammed, 132Imbert, Maura, 137Ince, Winston, 104Ingram, William, 93

193

Jaleel, S. M., 28James, Alphonso, 116James, C L R, 173Jan, Alice, 52Jean, Gros, 1Jeffers, Audrey, 33Jones, Brunell, 169Joseph, Edward, 173Kauffman, Joey, 152Keenan, Patrick, 87Kenny, Julian, 93Khan, Ibrahim, 28Khan, Ishmael, M., 28King, Leslie, 151Kirton, Joyce, 60Kissoon, Freddie, 61Knowles, Ralph “Raphie”, 127Kugler, Hans, 112Kumar Harbance, 62Kumar, Ranjit, 138La Borde, Harold and Kwailan, 152La Ronde-West, Giselle, 95Lai Fook, Arthur, 87Laird, Colin, 138Lalla, Charles, 132Lane, Thelma, 62Lara, Brian Charles, 153Laughlin, Ken, 124Lazare, Emmanuel Mzumbo, 3Le Blanc, Norman, 62Lee Heung, Stephen and Elsie, 79Lee Lum, John, 113Leotaud, Antoine, 105Lewis, Arthur, 81Lewis, Christina, 35Lewis, Joey, 54Lewis, Lystra, 155Lovelace, Earl, 174Luces, Granny, 155Lucie-Smith, Paula, 88MacFarlane, Brian, 66Macleod, Henry, 132Madiera, Jones P., 124Maharaj, Kewal, 28Maingot, Rhonda, 35Maisonneuve, Julian, 139Mallett, Frederick, 139Mannette, Elliot, 62Manning, Patrick, 14Maraj, Bhadase Sagan, 117Marcellin, Mano, 54Maresse-Paul, Belvidiara, 37Maresse-Smith, Edgar, 37Marshall, Bertram “Bertie”, 63Massy, Charles, 29Mathura, Pat, 127Matthews, Dom Basil, 162Mavrogordato, Olga, 175McBurnie, Beryl, 64McDavidson, Muriel Donawa, 117McDonald, Trevor, 127McEnearney, Charles, 29McShine, Arthur , 105McShine Halsey, 106McWilliams, Irvin, 65Meah, Gookool, 26

Meah, Ruknudeen, 132Meiling, Esau, 95Miles, Gene, 122Mills, Therese, 175Minshall, Peter, 66Mohammed, Kamaluddin, 118Mohammed, Moean, 124Mohammed, Nazeer, 17Mohammed, Sham, 128Moon Sammy, George, 21Morris, Ken, 67Morton, John, 133Morton, Sarah, 133Muhammad, Farouk, 124Mulhauser, John, 133Murphy, Max, 89Naipaul, Vidia, 175Neal, Henry, 29Noel, Claude, 156Norton, Noel, 68Ogden, David, 139O’Reilly, Lennox, 98Padmore, Marjorie, 68Panday, Basdeo , 12Pandit, Doon, 35Pantin, Anthony, 134Pantin, Clive, 36Pantin, Gerard, 36Pardo, Frank, 124Patrick, Colvin, 156Pawan, Lennox, 107Permanand, Jean, 97Persad, Taran, 41Persad-Bissessar, Kamla, 16Philip, Michael Maxwell, 119Phillips, Jessica, 123Phillips, Karl Hudson, 119Pierre, Henry, 107Pierre, Jean, 157Poon-King, Theodosius, 108Popo, Sundar, 69Proudfoot, Don, 124Quamina, Elizabeth, 109Quevedo, Raymond, 40Ragbir, Charles, 134Rahamut, 29Ramadhin, Sonny, 158Ramaya, Narsalo, 41Ramgoonai, Drupatie, 69Ramon-Fortune, Jose, 124Rampersad, Frank, 81Rawle. Richard, 135Redhead, Carl, 124Reinagle, Philip, 139Richards, Maxwell, 15Rienzi, Adrian Cola, 166Roach, Clifford, 159Roberts, Aldwyn (Lord Kitchener), 61Robinson, A. N. R., 10Robinson, William, 6Roodal, Timothy, 26Rose, B. H., 29Rose, Calypso, 70Rust, Randolph, 114Ryan, Finbar, 89Sabga, Abdou Y., 30

Sa Gomes, Eduardo, 30Salandy, Giselle, 159Saldenha, Harold, 71Samaroo, Jit, 72Samaroo, Norman, 30Samuel, Gene, 52Saunders, Ramsey, 140Sawh, Lall, 110Scott, Bernadette Laughlin, 72Scott, W. H., 31Selvon, Samuel, 176Seukeran, Lionel, F., 120Sewlal, Enos, 123Sharpe, Len “Boogsie”, 73Siegert, Carlos-Luis-Alfredo, 31Simon, Kade (Lord Bryner), 46Simon, Winston “Spree”, 74Smith, Keith, 177Soodeen, Charles, 89Span, Norman “King Radio”, 69Spence, John, 21Spence, Leslie, 110Stewart, Leslie, 160Stollmeyer,Conrad, 31Strasser, Wilfred, 75Streetly, Frederick, 90Sylvester, Ray, 54Syne, Asgaralli, 32Swann, Harold, 90Teelucksingh, Saran, 26Telfer, Mervyn, 124Teshea, Isabel, 120Thomas, John Jacob, 2Tikasingh, Elisha, 111Tripp, Edgar, 140Valasquez, Cito, 76Voisin, Daisy, 76Walcott, Clotil, 167Walcott, Derek, 177Walcott, Keshorn, 189Walke, Olive, 77Ward-Redman, Hazel, 128Warner, Charles, W., 98Warner, Kathleen “Aunty Kay”, 128Watkins, Watty, 54Watson, Ed, 54Weekes, George, 168Wharwood, Freddie, 124Wilkes, Rodney, 160Williams, Anthony, 77Williams, Dunstan E, 78Williams, Eric Eustace, 8Williams, John “Buddy”, 79Williams, Leroy, 169Williams, L. J., 32Wilmoth, Frederick “Houdini”, 60Wilson, Lawrence, 22Wong, Jimmy, 124Wong, Mervyn, 169Wong Sang, Joyce, 123Woodford, Ralph J., 4Wooding, Hugh, 98Wrightson, Walsh, 140Yerex, Lowell, 32Yorke, Dwight, 161