prof. steve furber, university of manchester, principal designer of the bbc micro & the arm...
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May 9, 2016 1
SpiNNaker– an architecture for real-
time brain modelling
Steve FurberICL Professor of Computer
EngineeringThe University of Manchester
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May 9, 2016 2
200 years ago…•Ada Lovelace, b. 10 Dec. 1815
"I have my hopes, and very distinct ones too, of one day getting cerebral phenomena such that I can put them into mathematical equations--in short, a law or laws for the mutual actions of the molecules of brain. …. I hope to bequeath to the generations a calculus of the
nervous system ”.
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May 9, 2016 3
65 years ago…
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May 9, 2016 4
Manchester Baby (1948)
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May 9, 2016 5
SpiNNaker CPU (2011)
ARM 968
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May 9, 2016 6
65 years of progress•Baby:
–used 3.5 kW of electrical power–executed 700 instructions per second
–5 Joules per instruction•SpiNNaker ARM968 CPU node:
–uses 40 mW of electrical power–executes 200,000,000 instructions
per second–0.000 000 000 2 Joules per instruction
25,000,000,000 times better than Baby! (James Prescott Joule born Salford, 1818)
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May 9, 2016 7
Brains
•Brains demonstrate–massive parallelism (1011 neurons)–massive connectivity (1015 synapses)
–excellent power-efficiency•much better than today’s microchips
–low-performance components (~ 100 Hz)–low-speed communication (~ metres/sec)–adaptivity – tolerant of component failure
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May 9, 2016 8
Bio-inspiration
•Can massively-parallel computing resources accelerate our understanding of
brain function?
•Can our growing understanding of brain function point the way to more efficient
parallel, fault-tolerant computation?
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May 9, 2016 9
•Neurons•multiple inputs, single
output (c.f. logic gate)•useful across multiple scales
(102 to 1011)•Brain structure
•regularity•e.g. 6-layer cortical
‘microarchitecture’
Building brains
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May 9, 2016 10
SpiNNaker project•A million mobile phone
processors in one computer
•Able to model about 1% of the human brain…
•…or 10 mice!
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May 9, 2016 11
SpiNNaker system
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May 9, 2016 12
SpiNNaker chip
Multi-chip packaging by
UNISEM Europe
12
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May 9, 2016 13
Chip resources
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May 9, 2016 14
Multicast routing
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May 9, 2016 15
Problem mapping
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May 9, 2016 16
SpiNNaker machines
864 cores- drosophila scale 20,000 cores
– frog scale
100,000 cores– mouse scale
72 cores- pond snail scale
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May 9, 2016 17
SpiNNaker machines
• HBP platform– 500,000 cores– 6 cabinets
(including server)
• 500M neurons– 500B synapses
• Launch– 30 March 2016
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May 9, 2016 18
Conclusions•SpiNNaker:
•has been 18 years in conception…•…and 10 years in construction,
•and is now ready for action!•~70 boards with groups around the world
•20k-, 100k- & 500k-core machines built•1M core machine to follow soon
•large models: Spaun?… ,•HBP is supporting s/w development
•leading to open access