prof. ethics - notesquiz 1

8/8/2019 PRof. Ethics - Notesquiz 1

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EthicsParable of the TalentsParable of the Talents ( Mt. 25:14( Mt. 25:14--30)30)

ItIt willwill bebe asas whenwhen aa manman whowho waswas goinggoing onon aa journeyjourney calledcalled inin hishis servantsservants

andand entrustedentrusted hishis possessionspossessions toto themthem.. ToTo oneone hehe gavegave fivefive talents,talents, toto

anotheranother ,, twotwo;; toto aa third,third, oneone ------ toto eacheach accordingaccording toto hishis abilityability.. ThenThen hehewentwent awayaway.. ImmediatelyImmediately thethe oneone whowho receivedreceived fivefive talentstalents wentwent andand tradedtraded

withwith them,them, andand mademade anotheranother fivefive.. Likewise,Likewise, thethe oneone whowho receivedreceived twotwo

mademade anotheranother twotwo.. ButBut thethe manman whowho receivedreceived oneone wentwent offoff andand dugdug aa holehole

inin thethe groundground andand buriedburied hishis mastersmasters moneymoney.. After After aa longlong timetime thethe mastermaster

ofof thosethose servantsservants camecame backback andand settledsettled accountsaccounts withwith themthem.. TheThe oneone whowho

hadhad receivedreceived fivefive talentstalents camecame forwardforward bringingbringing thethe additionaladditional fivefive.. HeHesaid,said, Master,Master, youyou gavegave meme fivefive talentstalents.. See,See, II havehave mademade fivefive moremore.. HisHis

mastermaster saidsaid toto him,him, WellWell done,done, yy goodgood andand faithfulfaithful servantservant.. SinceSince youyou werewere

faithfulfaithful inin smallsmall matters,matters, II willwill givegive youyou greatgreat responsibilitiesresponsibilities.. Come,Come, shareshare

youryour mastersmasters joyjoy..


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ThenThen thethe oneone whowho hadhad receivedreceived twotwo talentstalents alsoalso camecame forwardforward andand said,said,

MasterMaster ,, youyou gavegave meme twotwo talentstalents.. See,See, II havehave mademade twotwo moremore.. HisHis

mastermaster saidsaid toto him,him, WellWell done,done, mymy goodgood andand faithfulfaithful servantservant.. SinceSince youyouwerewere faithfulfaithful inin smallsmall matters,matters, II willwill givegive youyou greatgreat responsibilitiesresponsibilities.. Come,Come,

shareshare youryour mastermaster joyjoy.. ThenThen thethe oneone whowho hadhad receivedreceived thethe oneone talenttalent

camecame forwardforward andand said,said, Master,Master, II knewknew youyou werewere aa demandingdemanding person,person,

harvestingharvesting wherewhere youyou diddid notnot plantplant andand gatheringgathering wherewhere youyou diddid notnot scatterscatter;;

soso outout of of fearfear II wentwent offoff andand buriedburied youryour talenttalent inin thethe groundground.. HereHere itit isis

backback.. HisHis mastermaster saidsaid toto himhim inin reply,reply, YouYou wicked,wicked, lazylazy servant!servant! SoSo youyouknewknew thatthat II harvestharvest wherewhere II diddid notnot plantplant andand gathergather wherewhere II diddid notnot

scatter?scatter? ShouldShould youyou notnot thenthen havehave putput mymy moneymoney inin thethe bankbank soso thatthat II

couldcould havehave gotgot itit backback withwith interestinterest onon mymy return?return?


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NowNow then!then! TakeTake thethe talenttalent fromfrom himhim andand givegive itit toto thethe oneone withwith tenten.. For For toto

everyoneeveryone whowho has,has, moremore willwill bebe givengiven andand hehe willwill growgrow richrich;; butbut fromfrom thethe

oneone whowho hashas not,not, eveneven whatwhat hehe hashas willwill bebe takentaken awayaway.. AndAnd throwthrow thisthisuselessuseless servantservant intointo thethe darknessdarkness outside,outside, wherewhere therethere willwill bebe wailingwailing andand

grindinggrinding ofof teethteeth..


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Early Christian art and architecture Gothic Architecture

Byzantine Architecture Renaissance Architecture

Romanesque Architecture Baroque Architecture


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Ethics Money never sleeps.

making money and making a lot of money

greedgreed wider gap between the poor and the richwider gap between the poor and the rich Greed,Greed, forfor lacklack ofof aa betterbetter word,word, isis goodgood.. GreedGreed isis rightright becausebecause itit worksworks.. GreedGreed clarifiesclarifies

andand capturescaptures thethe essenceessence ofof thethe evolutionaryevolutionary spiritspirit.. GreedGreed willwill notnot onlyonly savesave ourour paperpaper

economy,economy, butbut willwill alsoalso savesave anotheranother malfunctioningmalfunctioning corporationcorporation calledcalled USAUSA..

It seems that economicIt seems that economic-- welfare is everybodys priority in life.welfare is everybodys priority in life.

1. When money talks, people listen.1. When money talks, people listen.

2. desire of the contemporary man2. desire of the contemporary man material things / plagued with wantsmaterial things / plagued with wants

3. Everyones personal worth =3. Everyones personal worth = what you havewhat you have andand not what you arenot what you are

4. good and beautiful + fantasy of abundance, elegance, popularity and opulence4. good and beautiful + fantasy of abundance, elegance, popularity and opulence


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Ethicsby Agapay Ethics and the Filipino

Its meaningIts meaning -- science of the morality of human actsscience of the morality of human acts

Moral Philosophy and Moral TheologyMoral Philosophy and Moral Theology -- reason and faithreason and faith

Its importanceIts importance-- How to go about life.How to go about life.

-- What it meant to live well in world and to be just or fair inWhat it meant to live well in world and to be just or fair in

ones personal and professional life.ones personal and professional life.

-- The foundation of every human societyThe foundation of every human society


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Ethics KindsKinds

1.1. General EthicsGeneral Ethics -- pertains to thepertains to the naturenature of the human acts and theirof the human acts and their

relationrelation to moralityto morality

2.2. Special EthicsSpecial Ethics -- pertains to thepertains to the applicationapplication of general principles ofof general principles of

morality to the particular actions of manmorality to the particular actions of man as anas an

individual and as member of the society.individual and as member of the society.

Ethics serves asEthics serves as guidepostguidepost in our private and professional life.in our private and professional life.


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Professional Ethicsby Panizo Ethics or Moral Philosophy

Professions

- necessary conditions for the preservation , progress

and welfare of society

- provide a higher quality of service, more freedom

and greater leisure for the members of the

community - (the social purpose the common good)


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Code ofEthicsCode ofEthics

1. define professional privileges, behaviors and1. define professional privileges, behaviors and

responsibilities towards the members of theresponsibilities towards the members of thesame profession and towards the members of thesame profession and towards the members of the

community in general.community in general.

2. promote professional quality2. promote professional quality

3. defend private professions from undue interference3. defend private professions from undue interferenceby the government or by other private agencies,by the government or by other private agencies,


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Code ofEthicsCode ofEthics

4. preserve the dignity of the profession and the4. preserve the dignity of the profession and theconfidence of the public.confidence of the public.

5. defend clients from unscrupulous professionals.5. defend clients from unscrupulous professionals.

6. fix certain standards of compensation for services or6. fix certain standards of compensation for services or

work.work.


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Morality and ProfessionsMorality and Professions

1. General Ethics as a foundation for professional1. General Ethics as a foundation for professionalHonesty and Integrity.Honesty and Integrity.

2. Lack of moral standards results in immoral practices2. Lack of moral standards results in immoral practices


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ThreeThree--fold purpose of professional feesfold purpose of professional fees

1. provide a reasonable income for professionals and their families1. provide a reasonable income for professionals and their families

2. attract the right persons to the profession2. attract the right persons to the profession

3. gain advancement to the knowledge and skill3. gain advancement to the knowledge and skill

Determining the professional fees:Determining the professional fees:

1. some are more or less standardized1. some are more or less standardized

2. custom or by a superior authority2. custom or by a superior authority

3.3. some are adjusted to the professional name of the firm or to thesome are adjusted to the professional name of the firm or to thecondition of the clientcondition of the client

4.4. Others are established on a percentage basis, on required manualOthers are established on a percentage basis, on required manual

work, time, skill risk, etc.work, time, skill risk, etc.


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For Engineers, Architects and ContractorsFor Engineers, Architects and Contractors

1. It concentrates on1. It concentrates on servicesservices to the clients andto the clients and ethicalethical

relationsrelations among practitionersamong practitioners

2.2. Justice and fairnessJustice and fairness in stipulated contracts or bids,in stipulated contracts or bids,

stated salaries and charges for services, competitionstated salaries and charges for services, competition

with other firms and different professional dealings withwith other firms and different professional dealings with

clients, manufacturers, companies supplyingclients, manufacturers, companies supplying

construction materials, etc.construction materials, etc.


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For Engineers, Architects and ContractorsFor Engineers, Architects and Contractors

3. They3. They should never workshould never work on a project which they knowon a project which they know

to be disadvantageous to the client.to be disadvantageous to the client.

4. They should be4. They should be generous in criticizinggenerous in criticizing others projectsothers projects

and continuously promote incentives, executive ability,and continuously promote incentives, executive ability,

honesty, and cooperation among themselves.honesty, and cooperation among themselves.


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Global Business Ethics for Filipinosby Jose Mario B. Maximo, Ph.D.

What are the attributes of ethics?What are the attributes of ethics?

1. It is not only theoretical but also practical.1. It is not only theoretical but also practical.

2. It is born with universal values.2. It is born with universal values.

3. It is all about firm convictions.3. It is all about firm convictions.


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The Five principles of EthicalPowerfor Individualsby Kenneth Blanchard and Norman Vincent Peale in The Power ofEthical Management

PURPOSE

I see myself as being an ethically sound person.I see myself as being an ethically sound person.

I let my conscience be my guide.I let my conscience be my guide.

No matter what happens, I am always able to face theNo matter what happens, I am always able to face the

mirror, look myself straight in the eye, and feel goodmirror, look myself straight in the eye, and feel good

about myself.about myself.


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PRIDE

I feel good about myself.I feel good about myself.

I dont need acceptance of others to feel important.I dont need acceptance of others to feel important.

A balanced selfA balanced self--esteem keeps my ego and my desire toesteem keeps my ego and my desire to

be accepted from influencing my decisions.be accepted from influencing my decisions.


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PATIENCE

I believe that things will eventually work out well.I believe that things will eventually work out well.

I dont need everything right now.I dont need everything right now.I am at peace with what comes my way.I am at peace with what comes my way.

PERSISTENCE

I stick to my purpose, especially when it seemsI stick to my purpose, especially when it seems

inconvenient to do so.inconvenient to do so.

My behaviour is consistent with my intentions.My behaviour is consistent with my intentions.

As Churchill said, never, never, never! Give up!As Churchill said, never, never, never! Give up!


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PERSPECTIVE

I take time to enter each day quietly in a mood ofI take time to enter each day quietly in a mood of

reflection.reflection.This helps me to get myself focused and allows me toThis helps me to get myself focused and allows me to

listen to my inner self and to see things more clearly.listen to my inner self and to see things more clearly.


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What Business Ethics Is Not?

Not Utilitarianism = globalization

Development cannot be limited to mere economic

growth. In order to be authentic, it must be complete,integral, that is, it has to promote the good of every man

and of the whole man... Paul VI, Populorum Progressio, para 14

Not Relativism

Not Situational Ethics


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Not Legalism

- What is law? - Important features

1. It must morally acceptable.

2. It must be just.

3. The precepts of a law must be physically

and morally possible.

4. It must be ordained for the common good.


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Not Legalism

- ethics and law

1. not everything ethical is covered in the civillaws since the scope of ethics is broader

than the scope of the law;

2. a fewer number of civil laws may beunethical and unjust.


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Not Legalism

- ethics and law

3. ethics pertains to all aspects of humanbehavior

4. While law is supported with external

evidence, the one of ethics is internalconscience.


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Not Legalism

- ethics and law

5. While law is imposed by authority, ethicsis self-imposed and therefore voluntary.

6. The legal is the minimum requirement of

ethics.


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Some Basic Questions About Ethics

How is it that I ought to act, to live my life?

How should I act with regard to others?

With respect to myself, then, what is it thatconstitutes good behavior?

Toward what good ends should I commit

myself?

With respect to others, what are my duties

towards participating in and organizing a just

or fair or caring community or society?


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Arr

iving

at Ethics

andArchit

ectu

re

Is it ethically right or wrong to design a building that is

extremely energy inefficient?

Is the choice of building materials consistent with

sustainable design principles? Do you think they oughtto be?

Is it somehow ethically good or bad (or at least relatively

more good or bad in a given situation) to sacrifice

certain functional character in a design?


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Arr

iving

at Ethics

andArchit

ectu

re

Are the planning and design of a progressive housing

complex mixed with community services that will require

the displacement and relocation of families and the

demolition of an economically depressed neighborhoodjust and fair toward the families that will be displaced?


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Arrivingat Ethics and Architecture

Architecture is aboutshaping our physical habitat to suit

human purposes, and in doing so has the capacity to

fullfill spiritual and emotional needs.

The processes of designing and constructing our habitat,with the presumed intention of improving the quality of

life, implicitlyrequire a judgment of the right thing to

do.


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Architectureand Christian Ethics

The doctrine of creation embraces the goodness of a

loving God as He gives gifts to men and women,

including all creative gifts necessary to design, build and

manage the built environment for the good of presentand future generations.

Thus, the doctrine of creation embraces the goodness of a loving God as He gives gifts to men and women, including all creative gifts necessary toThus, the doctrine of creation embraces the goodness of a loving God as He gives gifts to men and women, including all creative gifts necessary toVital links need to be established between designers (including the expanding range of professionals involved in the production of buildings), the 'p


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Vital links need to be established between designers

(including the expanding range of professionals involved

in the production of buildings), the 'producers' of

buildings (including builders and persons with craftskills), and the occupants of buildings.

Such relationships need to lead to mutual trust, the

sharing and delegation of creative gifts, the

development of patterns of accountability, and thedetailed participation of users with the producers of their

physical environment (R. Macleod, 'Christian Belief and the BuiltEnvironment' - Chapter 2).

Thus, the doctrine of creation embraces the goodness of a loving God as He gives gifts to men and women, including all creative gifts necessary toThus, the doctrine of creation embraces the goodness of a loving God as He gives gifts to men and women, including all creative gifts necessary toVital links need to be established between designers (including the expanding range of professionals involved in the production of buildings), the 'p


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Through considering the implication of basic doctrines, a

'Christian mind' needs to be developed in order to shape

architectural and planning values in the time of

uncertainty that grips the professions.

Thus, the doctrine of creation embraces the goodness of a loving God as He gives gifts to men and women, including all creative gifts necessary toThus, the doctrine of creation embraces the goodness of a loving God as He gives gifts to men and women, including all creative gifts necessary toVital links need to be established between designers (including the expanding range of professionals involved in the production of buildings), the 'pThrough considering the implication of basic doctrines, a 'Christian mind' needs to be developed in order to shape architectural and planning value


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To fulfill this noble aim, three exacting demands

have to be met:

1. to design and build in harmony with the natural andhuman environment;

2. when selecting spaces, forms and materials, to regard

design as an act of service to others, especially

vulnerable groups; and

3. to retain a realistic awareness of evil, avoiding any

utopian tendency to idealize social behavior.



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Ethical dimensions, and more specifically Christian

considerations, need to be developed, documented,

shared, applied and tested through design and

contractual experience.

This is needed in order to create a more responsible

architecture and well-planned environment that -

celebrates a Creator God and His created world and

brings joy and satisfies the practical need of all sectionsof human society.



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Morality

MoralityMorality -- Its imperatives: a. Existence of GodIts imperatives: a. Existence of Godb. Existence of freedomb. Existence of freedom

c. After lifec. After life

-- Its Sources: a. The act itselfIts Sources: a. The act itself

b. The end/ intentionb. The end/ intention

c. The circumstancesc. The circumstances


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Christian Moral LifeThe Nature of Moral TheologyDefinition

1. Richard M. Gula S.S

- a systematic theology which focuses on the implications of faith for the way we live

- concerned with Gods revelation of divine love in Jesus and through the Spirit as aninvitation calling for our response

- regards the response to the initiative of Gods offer of love as the very soul of moral

life

2. Servais Pinckaers, O.P.

- a branch of theology that studies the human acts

- so as to direct them to a loving vision of God,- seen as our true, complete happiness and final end

- attained by means of grace, virtues and the gifts

- in the light of revelation and reason


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Christian Moral Life focuses on the person performing the action than in the action the person performs

is a morality of Christian Discipleship

The GOOD is the foundation and the goal of all moral striving. (Aristotle, Hedonists,

Utilitarians) God who is good is the only center of value, the fixed point of reference for Christian morality.

With faith informing reason on the nature of the good, the believer sees

1. God as the fullness of being, and

2. Gods actions as good because they flow from the divine nature

which is LOVE.

The Christian is moral because God is good.

Morality is our responsibility, not to anyone nor to the demands of our rationality,

but to God.


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Christian Moral LifeThings for reflections:

1. Morality has to do with who and what we are as human beings and with our legitimate

development as persons. It applies to all human person, whether they are religious

or not.

2. Authority does not create morality. Things are not wrong because they are forbidden;rather, things are forbidden because they are wrong.

3. Immoral and illegal are not the same things.

Reasons for being moral:

1. Acting morally just to avoid punishment.

2. Acting morally simply out of enlightened self-interest.

3. Acting morally because of the inner conviction that human persons are unique, precious,

worthwhile, that there is great intrinsic value in the human person, that human

persons are worthy of our love.


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Christian Moral LifeThings for reflections:

1. Morality has to do with who and what we are as human beings and with our legitimate

development as persons. It applies to all human person, whether they are religious

or not.

2. Authority does not create morality. Things are not wrong because they are forbidden;rather, things are forbidden because they are wrong.

3. Immoral and illegal are not the same things.

Reasons for being moral:

1. Acting morally just to avoid punishment.

2. Acting morally simply out of enlightened self-interest.

3. Acting morally because of the inner conviction that human persons are unique, precious,

worthwhile, that there is great intrinsic value in the human person, that human

persons are worthy of our love.


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Morality

Sources ofSources of

MoralityMorality

Act itself - Human acts are classified into good, evil, orindifferent by their nature, independent of any command,

regulations, or lawEnd / Intention

1. An evil act which is done on account of an evil

motive is grievously wrong.

2. A good action done on account of evil motive

becomes evil itself.

3. A good action done on account of a good purpose

acquires an additional merit.

4. An indifferent act may either become good or bad

depending on the motive.

Circumstances

1. Circumstances may either increase ordecrease the wrongfulness of an evil act.

2. Circumstances also may either increase or decrease

the merits of a good act.

3. Some circumstances may alter the nature of an act.


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Human Acts

Human actsHuman acts -- done with full knowledge and deliberationdone with full knowledge and deliberation

-- Its modifiers: a. IgnoranceIts modifiers: a. Ignorance

b. Passionb. Passion

c. Fearc. Feard. Violenced. Violence

e. Habite. Habit


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Human Acts

a.a. IgnoranceIgnorance

-- Invincible ignorance destroys the voluntariness of an act.

- Vincible ignorance does not destroy the voluntariness of an act, but it

diminishes it, as long as the ignorance is not affected.

- Affected ignorance does not have the effect of diminishing guilt.(There is full consent to the sinful effects which result from such

ignorance. No real effort and no intention to avoid them).


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Human Acts

b. Passionsb. Passions

--Antecedent passions ( those that precede an act) always lessens

voluntariness and sometimes preclude it completely.

Note: Even though imputability is lessened, a grave sin may neverthelessbe committed.

- Consequent passions ( freely accepted and deliberately roused; are

direct results of the will which fully consents to them instead of

subordinating them to its control) do not give rise to lessened

voluntariness, but may even increase imputability.


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Human Acts

c. Passionsc. Passions

-- Acts done with fear are voluntary./ acting inspite of ones fear and in

full control of oneself

- Acts done out of fear, however great, is simply voluntary, although itis also conditionally voluntary.

- Acts done because of intense fear or panic are involuntary.


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Human Acts

d. Violenced. Violence

-- External actions performed by a person subjected to violence to

which reasonable resistance has been offered are involuntary and

not accountable.Note: Active resistance should always be offered.

- If resistance is impossible a person can always offer intrinsic

resistance by withholding consent, enough to save his moral

integrity.


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Human Acts

e. Habite. Habit

-- Actions done by force of habit are voluntary in cause ( result of

previously willed acts done repeatedly), unless a reasonable effort

is made to counteract the habitual inclination.

Refer to values and virtues


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MORALCHARACTER

Our moral choicesshape and form ourmoral character.

Our moral charactergives rise to andconditions our moralchoices.

Conditioning Factors: Evaluative Knowledge Freedom ( not only to choose

from particular responses oractions, but also to choosewho and what we will become

as persons)

Emotions( can guide our perceptionsand moral judgments andgive energy to ourcommitments and ourdrive to be goodpersons)

Ways of describing GoodMoral Character

Being Fully Human( to be good in the fullest sense)

Being a Loving Person(to love oneself, others and God)

Being a Virtuous Person(have acquired virtues and be ableto practice them consistently inones life)

Being a morally mature person


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Christian Moral Life

growing in LOVE and HOLINESS

a process of becoming authentically human

experiencing the liberating and transforming presence of Christand bringing this to the world making it attain more effectivelyits destiny in JUSTICE, in LOVE and in PEACE

prof. ethics - notesquiz 1

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