Prof. Dr. Timm Beichelt

Viadrina Summer University Political Economy of Football Session I – 06.06.2012 Overview: Political Dimensions of Football on the Global, European, National, and Regional Level

06.06. Overview: Political Dimensions of Football on the Global, European, National, and Regional Level (session 1)

08.06. The EURO 2012: Political Tales of Two Countries (session 2)

11.06. Football and Nationalism (session 3, co-session with core course I)

13.06. Politics and Football in Democracies: Cultural Capital, Tycoons, and Free Riders (session 4)

18.06. Racism and the Far Right in Football (session 5, co-session with core course I)

20.06. Politics and Football in Autocracies: Economic Capital, Oligarchs, and Generals (session 6)

Program

Student presentations Date Session topic Topics of student presentations 06.06. Overview: Political Dimensions of

Football on the Global, European, National, and Regional Level

• Football and Politics: FIFA • Football and Politics: UEFA

08.06. The EURO 2012: Political Tales of Two Countries

• Football and Politics in Poland • Football and Politics in Ukraine

11.06. Football and Nationalism (co-session with core course I)

Student presentations by members of core course I

13.06. Politics and Football in Democracies: Cultural Capital, Tycoons, and Free Riders

• Football and Politics in Italy • Football and Politics in Spain • Football and Politics in Germany

18.06. Racism and the Far Right in Football (co-session with core course I)

Student presentations by members of core course I

20.06. Politics and Football in Autocracies: Economic Capital, Oligarchs, and Generals

• Football and Politics in Russia • Football and Politics Egypt

Student presentations Date Student presentations 06.06. Mathias Gerspacher (Football and Politics: FIFA)

Oskar Jan Mross (Football and Politics: UEFA)

08.06. Dirk Andrews (Football and Politics in Poland) Olga Zhdanova (Football and Politics in Ukraine)

13.06. Ivo Bosilkov (Football and Politics in Italy) Sofia Elena González (Football and Politics in Spain) Patrick Stief (Football and Politics in Germany)

20.06. Khurshed Tojiboev (Football and Politics in Russia) Elena Bruckner (Football and Politics Egypt)

a) short outline of major events that link football and politics in the given country,

b) specific contribution of football to national identity (what elements/arguments/factors are involved)

c) usage/ instrumentalisation of football by political actors. From there, we will start our discussions.

Prof. Dr. Timm Beichelt Viadrina Summer University Political Economy of Football Session 6, 20.06. Politics and Football in Autocracies: Economic Capital, Oligarchs, and Generals

Student presentations Date Student presentations 06.06. Mathias Gerspacher (Football and Politics: FIFA)

Oskar Jan Mross (Football and Politics: UEFA)

08.06. Dirk Andrews (Football and Politics in Poland) Olga Zhdanova (Football and Politics in Ukraine)

13.06. Ivo Bosilkov (Football and Politics in Italy) Sofia Elena González (Football and Politics in Spain) Patrick Stief (Football and Politics in Germany)

20.06. Khurshed Tojiboev (Football and Politics in Russia) Elena Bruckner, Taghreed El Gandhour (Football and Politics Egypt)

a) short outline of major events that link football and politics in the given country,

b) specific contribution of football to national identity (what elements/arguments/factors are involved)

c) usage/ instrumentalisation of football by political actors. From there, we will start our discussions.

Ukraine: strive for international recognition

Source: FAZ, Nr. 18, vom 06. Mai 2012, S. 19.

Dictators and sports

Source: FAZ, Nr. 69, vom 21. März 2012, S. 26.

Dictators and sports

Source: FAZ, Nr. 69, vom 21. März 2012, S. 26.

Argentinian Coach Luis Menotti (left) and Junta leader general Videla.

Source: FAZ, 29. Mai 2012, Nr. 123, S. 25.

Paradigmatic case: Argentina 1978

Source: FAZ, 29. Mai 2012, Nr. 123, S. 25.

Paradigmatic case: Argentina 1978

Source: FAZ, 29. Mai 2012, Nr. 123, S. 25.

Paradigmatic case: Argentina 1978

Jorge Videla (left) is about to hand over the World Cup to the captain of the Argentinian team, Daniel Passarella. The opponent team of the Netherlands decided not to take part in the ceremony.

http://www.spox.com/de/sport/fussball/wm/wm2010/1002/Bilder/argetninien-wm-1978-514.jpg

Manfred Kaltz: »It doesn‘t bother me that people are tortured here [in the stadiums]. I have other problems«

Berti Vogts (1978): »I don‘t know. I didn‘t see how anybody was tortured (1978, after the tournament)«. »It‘s not fair that I am judged on the base of that statement until today“ (2012, as Coach of Azerbaijan)

Strategies of typification: sub-types Potential defects/flaws with regard to footbal

Limited Civic Rights

(limited individual protection against arbitrary state, access to courts, equality before the law)

Limited Political Freedoms

(limited freedom of press/information, associational freedom, harassment of civil society)

Elections not free and/or fair

Weak Horizontal Accountability

(weak control of powers, horizontal responsibility)

Damaged Effective Government Power

(no real power for the elected, no ‘reserved domains’, no extra-constitutional veto powers)

• Problems with regard to administrative and judicial systems; corruption

• Problems with radicalism in the field of football

• Limited control of (few constraints on) rulers

• Dependence on economic sphere

Democratic defects and football during transition

Weak rule of law, corruption

Source: FIFPro Black Book Eastern Europe http://www.fifpro.org/img/uploads/file/FIFPro%20Black%20Book%20Eastern%20Europe%20WEB%20DOWNLOAD.pdf

Weak rule of law

Weak rule of law, corruption

Weak rule of law, corruption

Weak rule of law, corruption

Weak rule of law, corruption

Source: FIFPro Black Book Eastern Europe, p. 95 http://www.fifpro.org/img/uploads/file/FIFPro%20Black%20Book%20Eastern%20Europe%20WEB%20DOWNLOAD.pdf

Weak rule of law, corruption (Ukraine)

Source: FIFPro Black Book Eastern Europe, p. 99 http://www.fifpro.org/img/uploads/file/FIFPro%20Black%20Book%20Eastern%20Europe%20WEB%20DOWNLOAD.pdf

Weak rule of law, corruption (Ukraine)

Source: FIFPro Black Book Eastern Europe, p. 77 http://www.fifpro.org/img/uploads/file/FIFPro%20Black%20Book%20Eastern%20Europe%20WEB%20DOWNLOAD.pdf

Weak rule of law, corruption (Ukraine)

• Problems with regard to administrative and judicial systems; corruption

• Problems with radicalism in the field of football

• Limited control of (few constraints on) rulers

• Dependence on economic sphere

Democratic defects and football during transition

Racism

Racism

• Problems with regard to administrative and judicial systems; corruption

• Problems with radicalism in the field of football

• Limited control of (few constraints on) rulers

• Dependence on economic sphere

Democratic defects and football in PL, UKR

Philipp Lahm (captain of German team): "Meine Ansichten zu demokratischen Grundrechten, zu Menschenrechten, zu Fragen wie persönlicher Freiheit oder Pressefreiheit finde ich in der derzeitigen politischen Situation in der Ukraine nicht wieder. (…) Ich glaube, dass [Michel Platini] Position beziehen sollte. Und ich bin gespannt, was er zu sagen hat."

Michel Platini (UEFA president): „Philipp Lahm is not my boss“

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (Bayern Munich president): „It would have been better for him [Lahm] to keep quiet.“

Power concentration in Ukraine

• Problems with regard to administrative and judicial systems; corruption

• Problems with radicalism in the field of football

• Limited control of (few constraints on) rulers

• Dependence on economic sphere

Democratic defects and football in PL, UKR

http://www.google.de/imgres?q=schachtar+donezk+pokal&um=1&hl=de&rls=com.microsoft:de:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7DBDE_de&biw=1280&bih=822&tbm=isch&tbnid=xrJN0vroKH9Y9M:&imgrefurl=http://www.rp-online.de/sport/fussball/international/andere-ligen/jetzt-greift-donezk-die-champions-league-an-1.1633867&docid=o5acVvQGgWFLpM&imgurl=http://bc03.rp-online.de/polopoly_fs/thousands-of-fans-greet-shakhtar-donetsk-1.1684224.1314398870!/httpImage/1659098918.jpg_gen/derivatives/rpoPanorama_786/1659098918.jpg&w=786&h=526&ei=GFK-T7-kLMr4sgb8rM3TDQ&zoom=1

From difficult to failed transitions

Civic Rights (individual protection against arbitrary state, access to courts, equality

before the law)

Elections (freedom to run for office, “even playing field”, vote count free and fair)

Political Freedoms (freedom of press/information, associational freedom, harassment of civil

society)

From Merkel (1999) to Møller/Skaaning (2009): partial regime characteristics between democracy and autocracy

Granted / dem

ocracy

Limited / autocracy

• Civic rights severely limited • Elections not fair but also not free • Political freedoms restricted Limited explanatory power for football-power relationship

Dimensions of autocratic rule

• Civic rights severely limited • Elections not fair but also not free • Political freedoms restricted Limited explanatory power for football-power

relationship More important: authoritarian strategies for

obtaining and keeping political power

Dimensions of autocratic rule

• Electoral Manipulation • Policy Concessions • Rent share / cooptation • Crackdown on real and potential opposition Gandhi, Jennifer / Przeworski, Adam, 2006: Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion under Dictatorships. In: Economics & Politics, vol. 18, no. 1, S. 1-26.

Krastev, Ivan, 2011: Paradoxes of the New Authoritarianism. In: Journal of Democracy, vol. 22, no. 2, S. 5-16.

Silitski, Vitali, 2009: Tools of autocracy. In: Journal of Democracy, vol. 20, no. 2, S. 42-46.

Authoritarian strategies

Authoritarian structures in international football

• Ukraine: Cooptation, merge of economic and political power

• UEFA: Policy concessions, cooptation • Russia: Manipulation, merge of

economic and political power • Egypt: Manipulation, Crackdown on

potential opposition

Backup slides

http://www.focus.de/sport/fussball/wm2006/fussball-wm_aid_107287.html

Cairo Ramses station after the Port Said crackdown

Source: FAZ, Nr. 29, vom 03. Februar 2012, S. 30.

Cairo Ultras (Al Ahli) demonstrate against military

Source: FAZ, Nr. 68, vom 20. März 2012, S. 03.