prof. dr. bart vermang - uhasselt...module lab empty (casco) gowning labs: 2000 m2 pv module 550 m2...
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Prof. dr. Bart Vermang
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Outline
1. Myself
2. EnergyVille / Solliance
3. Solar @ EnergyVille
4. Belgium, EU and World
5. Exponential improvement
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Bart Vermang
▪ MSc in Physics, UGent
▪ MSc thesis at NTNU, Norway
▪ PhD in Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven / imec
▪ Silicon photovoltaics
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Bart Vermang
▪ Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoc, Uppsala (Sweden)
▪ FWO Postdoc, KU Leuven / imec
▪ Professor in Engineering Technology, UHasselt
▪ Thin film photovoltaics
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EnergyVille
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EnergyVille
▪ Partnership in energy research
2
• Flexibility & Markets
• Sustainable Cities
• Thermal Networks
• Battery Management
• Photovoltaic Research
• Solid-state Batteries
• Power Devices
• Energy Yield Forecasting
• Materials for Photovoltaics & Batteries
• Thin Film Photovoltaics
• Reliability
• Power Electronics
• AC & DC Grids
• Building Physics
• Mechanics
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EnergyVille
▪ Partnership in energy research
Strategy & market
Components & materials
Energy networks
Buildings and districtsEnergy-storage
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EnergyVille
▪ Thor Park
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EnergyVille
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EnergyVille 1 – KUL & VITO
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EnergyVille 2 – Imec & UHasselt
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EnergyVille 2
Support area and ware house
laboratories
Technical equipment (HVAC)
Meeting rooms
Offices, admin
Casco
BIPV
Offices
Meeting open spaceFloor 0
Floor 1
Floor 2 Roof with HVAC
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EnergyVille 2
24
Battery
Lab
Dry
Room
PV
Module
Lab
Empty
(casco)
Gowning
Labs: 2000 m2
• PV Module 550 m2
• TFPV 200 m2
• Analysis 200 m2
• Battery 250 m2
• Dry-room 100 m2
Lab conditions:
• Class 100,000
• Temp = 21 2 C
• R.H. = 45-50 10 %C
en
tral
servic
e c
orr
ido
r
Dry room conditions:
• 85 m2 net surface
• Class 100,000
• Temp = 21 1 C
• R.H.< 0.6 0.1 %
Analysis
+
TFPV
Lab
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EnergyVille 2
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EnergyVille 2
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EnergyVille 2 – Solar + storage
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EnergyVille 1
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EnergyVille 1
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EnergyVille 1
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EnergyVille 1
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Solliance
▪ Partnership in thin film PV research
Solliance research partners
Solliance industry partners
Materials Equipment PV Manufacturers End users
part of
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Part 3 – Solar @ EnergyVille
▪ Physics
▪ History
▪ Research topics
▪ Perovskite
▪ Tandem
▪ PV windows
▪ Cell design
▪ Module design
▪ Future
▪ BIPV
▪ Thin film PV
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Physics – Solar energy
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Physics – Electromagnetic radiation
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Physics – Solar spectrum
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Physics – Semiconductors
Valence band
Valence band
Conduction band
Conduction band
Valence band
Conduction band
Insulator Semiconductor Conductor
En
erg
y
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Physics – Semiconductors
Valence band
Conduction band
Semiconductor
En
erg
y 𝐸 = ℎ𝜈 =ℎ𝑐
𝜆
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Physics – Semiconductors – Si and thin film
EC
EV
DISTANCE →
EN
ER
GY→
Both types of band gaps are
represented in the same way in
the commonly-used simplified
1D band diagram:
DIRECT INDIRECT
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Physics – Semiconductors – Si and thin film
Si
Cd2+ Te2-II-VI
I-III-VI2 Cu+ In3+ 2 S2-
IV
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History
▪ Charles Fritts
▪ “On a New Form of Selenium Photocell”
▪ American Journal of Science 26:465 (1883)
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History
▪ Charles Fritts
▪ The first solar array installed on a New York City rooftop, 1884
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History
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Research topic – Perovskite
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Research topic – Perovskite
▪ ABX3 – perovskite structure
▪ A = An organic cation (CH3NH3+, HC(NH2)2
+, Cs+)
▪ B = A big inorganic cation (Pb2+,Sn2
+)
▪ X3= A smaller halogen anion (I-,Br-,Cl-)
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Research topic – Perovskite
▪ Large-area & wide band-gap
1.5 eV
2.3 eV
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Research topic – Tandem
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Research topic – Tandem
▪ More efficient usage of the solar spectrum of interest in a tandem fashion
Bottom cell
Top cell
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Research topic – Tandem
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Research topic – Tandem
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Research topic – Tandem Where EV stands
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Research topic – Tandem
▪ Stable alternative for perovskite: Cu2ZnGeSe4
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Intermezzo – 150 years table of Dmitri Mendeleev
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Research topic – PV windows
Solar cell 1 Solar cell 2 (OPV)
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Research topic – PV windows
▪ UV absorbers/filters
▪ Targets: bandgap ≥ 2.7 eV, high UV absorption
▪ Materials: ZnSe (2.7 eV), CuAl(S,Se)2 (2.5-3.5 eV), Cu2SiS3 (2.6 eV) and Cu2ZnSi(S,Se)4 (2.4-3 eV)
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Research topic – Cell design
▪ Thin film solar cell structure
Front contact
n-type semiconductor
p-type semiconductor
Rear contact
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Research topic – Cell design
▪ Silicon solar cell electrically and optically optimized
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Research topic – Cell design
▪ PERC market
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Research topic – Cell design
▪ Rear surface passivated ultra thin film solar cell
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Research topic – Module design
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Research topic – Module design
Woven interconnect fabric concept
(imec patented)
▪ LowT and Pb-free coated wires woven
together with an encapsulant
▪ Combined solder and lamination process
+Thin solar cells
+ Stress relief
+ No additional material
+ Simplified layup
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Research topic – Module design
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Future – Building Integrated (BI)PV
▪ From BAPV to BIPV
▪ Improved esthetics
▪ Lower cost (potential for ~)
▪ Wider distribution (better matching consumption peaks, spreading of generation profile)
▪ In line with EU-vision on energy neutral buildings
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Future – BIPV
▪ Thin film PV
▪ Flexible, lightweight, particular colors/shapes
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Future – BIPV
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Future – Thin film PV
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Future – Thin film PV
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Part 4 – Solar in Belgium, Europe and the World
▪ Belgium
▪ Europe
▪ World
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Solar in Belgium – History
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Inst
alle
d c
apac
ity
(MW
p)
Year
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Solar in Belgium – History
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Solar in Belgium – Future
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Solar in Belgium – Future
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Solar in Belgium – Future
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Solar in Europe – History
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Climate change conference 2018
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Solar in the World – Future
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Solar in the World – The global grid (Damien Ernst)
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Solar in the World – The global grid (Damien Ernst)
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Part 5 – Exponential improvement
▪ Solar / Storage
▪ Technology
▪ Cost
▪ Capacity
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Solar energy – Technology improvement
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Solar energy – Cost improvement
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Solar energy – Capacity improvement
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Solar energy – Capacity improvement
< 20 years
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Solar energy – Cost (Germany)
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Solar energy – Cost (US)
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Solar energy – Cost (China)
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Batteries – Capacity, cost and technology improvement
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Thank you for your attention!
Yes, I’m (also) wrong
about renewables.
They’re amazing!
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Thank you for your attention!
Mijn expertise is
judo,
judo,
...
en judo.