production of high temperature superconducting tapes ... · - chemical vapour deposition (cvd) -...

Moving towards the future of

power engineering

Production of High Temperature Superconducting Tapes Enhanced by Computational Thermochemistry GTT-Technologies Workshop, June 29th-July 1st , 2016

Martina Falter

Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH

Heisenbergstr. 16

53359 Rheinbach

outlook

Deutsche Nanoschicht

Superconductivity

2G HTS tapes

Expanded Pilot Production Line

Project ELSA

summary


- Founded November 2011 by Dr. Michael Bäcker

- Management-buy-out of former HTS wire group of insolvent Zenergy Power GmbH

- Located in Rheinbach, Germany

- Operational since January 2012

- 50 employees (chemists, physisists, enigneers, technicians, worker)

- Expertise in HTS wires, chemical solution deposition, ceramic functional layers, ink-jet-printing, epitaxial growth

- BASF Future Business GmbH involved as strategic partner

Proprietary and confidential 3

Superconductors – Huge Current Carrying Capability

Breaking paradims in electro technology

Superconductors conduct electricity with no resistance – enabling 2 key properties:

- 100% Efficiency : No losses – resulting in a dramatic reduction on CO2

- 100x Capacity : Dramatic reduction in material use


Proprietary [5]

Sector Application End Products

Renewable Energy

Power Generation

Hydro, Wind

Smart Grid Transmission & Distribution Fault Current Limiters

Industrial Machines Power Conversion Induction Heater

3 Energy Sectors

outlook


Superconductivity

– High Temperature Superconductors (HTS)

– Anisotropy and critical parameters

2G HTS tapes


Project ELSA

summary

YBa2Cu3O7-

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10

TlBa2Ca2Cu3O10

HgBa2Ca2Cu3O10

Y-123

Bi-2212

Bi-2223

Tl-1223

Hg-

1223

92

84

110

125

133

compound TC (K)

commercial

potential

Ba-La-Cu-O

compound: J.

G. Bednorz, K. A.

Müller, Z. Physik, B

64 (1986) 189

77 K

Ba-La-Cu-O

High Temperature Superconductors


- Challenges in materials


Complex ceramic oxides: YBa2Cu3Ox

Complex layered cristalline structure

Strong anisotropic behaviour

Superconducting current: parallel CuO-planes >> perpendicular CuO-planes

Layered microstructure similar to “graphite or mica”

E: CuO planes

JII >> J

JII: current parallel to CuO plane

J: current perpendicular to CuO plane

Polycrystalline, non orientated

all CuO planes have to be

parallel orientated

JII

J

Anisotropy in HTS materials

Second Generation (2G) HTS

- HTS Architecture – textured epitactic crystal growth

10

Statistically oriented crystals template

+

Hochorientierte kristalline Schicht

Zweite Generation (2G) HTS Leiter

- HTS Architecture – textured epitactic crystal growth

11

AFM–analysrs of a Ceriumoxide buffer layer


- Critical parameters


outlook


Superconductivity

2G HTS tapes


Project ELSA

summary

Protective metal layer:

silver, gold, copper

Superconductor layer:

YBa2Cu3Ox ,REBa2Cu3Ox

Buffer layer:

MgO, ZrO, GZO, YSZ, Y2O3, CeO2, LZO,

STO

Metal alloy substrate:

Hastelloy, NiCroFer, Ni-alloy

Layer architecture of (2G) HTS tape

Proprietary and confidential

Deposition Processes

- Chemical solution deposition (CSD)

- Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)

- Physical vapour deposition (PVD)

15

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/PICT0111.JPG

PVD

MOCVD

CSD / MOD

evaporation deposition

evaporation decomposition +

deposition

deposition +

drying

decomposition +

crystallisation

Layer architecture of (2G) HTS tape

Process Technology

- Ceramic multi-layer architecture on metallic substrate


Epitaxial (orientated) growth of ceramic functional layers on textured metallic substrate

CSD process for both buffer and HTS

layer

"all-solution" Coated Conductor

- Chemical solution deposition is considered to be the "most promising and most challenging process"

- Advantages:

- highest throughput (deposition rates)

- lowest investment

- lowest energy consumption

- low raw material costs

– Main disadvantage:

CSD processes only yield polycrystalline /

untextured films



Enhancement by Computational

Thermochemistry


3.9 Å 3.9 Å

3.5 Å 3.5 Å

SrTiO3 film SrTiO3 film

Ni substrate Ni substrate

Biaxially aligned substrate forces an epitaxial growth of the subsequent deposited layers


Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor at Deutsche Nanoschicht

NiW

CSD processes normally result in untextured growth

biaxially textured substrate required




CeO2

LZO

NiW

Buffer layers for

• texture transfer

• Nickel & Oxygen diffusion barrier

Special requirements for CSD processes:

• chemically inert

• low lattice mismatch




YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

HTS layer:

• TFA YBCO route

• single or multi-layer deposition



Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor

YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

Metallic substrate

- Ni-5at%W, 0.06x10mm²

- cold deformation > 95% and subsequent annealing

- yield highly textured metal tape with average tilt angle of crystals < 5°

cold deformation annealing slitting

Basic processes



YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

Coating solution La-, Zr-, Ce-acetylacetonates in propionic acid

Drying 200°C, air

Crystallization 1000°C, N2/H2

Buffer layers

Basic processes



YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

Coating solution

Y-, Ba-, Cu-trifluoroacetates

in Methanol/Triethanolamine

Drying

Crystallization

Superconducting layer

Oxygenation

Basic processes



YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW 1x LZO 2x LZO CeO2

View along <100>

Texture analysis: RHEED


Length & Performance

Continuous processing: reel-to-reel devices

- >15 continuous processes / reel-to-reel devices

- RTR concept proven for all processes

All devices in-house designed and assembled

Ink-jet printing of coating solutions

Slot die of coating solutions


Processing of all-solution Coated Conductor

YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW Continuously processed

multi-buffer-layer



Expanded pilot line

- EPL construction until end 2015

- Planned capacity > 200km technical HTS wire

- Start sampling for projects mid 2016

30

Lab processing Expanded Pilot Line


Process Technology

- Chemical solution deposition

Advantages:

• highest throughput (deposition rates)

• lowest investment

• lowest energy consumption

• low raw material costs

31

favourable for energy applications

Continuous coating and annealing


100 m tape length, 10 mm wide

Current density 1.7 MA/cm2

Superconducting properties of all-solution Coated Conductor

YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW



Performance

- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years

- Sample lengths increased from 5m (2018) towards >50m (2015)

33

Ic [

A/A

cmw

]

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Proprietary and confidential

ELSA - "Entwicklung von SupraLeitern mit SchichtArchitektur"

"Development of Superconductors with Layer-Achitecture"

Consortium This work was funded by the German Ministry of Economy (BMWi) under project number 0327433

Project ELSA (2006-2010)

http://gttserv.lth.rwth-aachen.de/~cg/IndexFrame.htm

Highlights

Quaternary phase diagram for

Yttrium - Barium - Copper - Oxygen

Project ELSA



Highlights

Oxygen on sub-lattices in YBa2Cu3O(6+x)

Tetragonal

Orthorhombic'

Orthorhombic''

Project ELSA

Y123O6.5 Site occupancy

0.00E+00

1.00E-01

2.00E-01

3.00E-01

4.00E-01

5.00E-01

6.00E-01

7.00E-01

8.00E-01

9.00E-01

1.00E+00

200 400 600 800 1000

T/K

sit

e f

racti

on

O O_1

O_2

O_3

O_4



Highlights

Full calculation in FactSage

Project ELSA


Highlights Superconducting layer:

Explanation of experimental results

YBa2Cu3O(6+x)

Project ELSA





Local stoichiometry

deviation before crystallization

Project ELSA





Strong tendency to secondary phases

Project ELSA





Higher phase purity by YBa1.5Cu3O(6+x)

starting composition

YBa2Cu3O(6+x)

Development of MOD-based Processing for Low Cost Coated Conductors; T. Izumi; CCA 2009; International Workshop on Coated Conductors for Applications; 2009 Barcelona

Project ELSA



Highlights

layer interaction

YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

Upper limit for p(O2)

Project ELSA



Highlights

layer interaction

YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

Project ELSA



Highlights

layer interaction

YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

lower limit for p(O2)

Project ELSA



YBCO Nucleation at the Interface

Proprietary and confidential 45 BaCeO3 is the most stable phases


Performance

- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years

- Sample lengths increased from 5m (2018) towards >50m (2015)

46

Ic [

A/A

cmw

]

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Proprietary and confidential

100 m tape length, 10 mm wide

Current density 1.7 MA/cm2

Superconducting properties of all-solution Coated Conductor

YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW



HTS tapes

– HTS materials enable new and highly efficient energy applications

– Chemical solution deposition is considered to be the "most promising and most challenging process" for HTS tapes

– Computational thermochemistry for interpretation of experimental results and for lowering experimental efforts in high temperature crystallization processes

Summary

Moving towards the future of

power engineering

Thanks for your attention

Martina Falter


Heisenbergstr. 16

53359 Rheinbach

www.d-nano.com

Process Technology



Process Technology



Superconducting layer 500-1000nm

Buffer layer

250nm (3 layers)

Textured metallic substrate 60µm

Process Technology



Epitaxial (orientated) growth of ceramic functional layers on textured metallic substrate

Process Technology

- Chemical solution deposition


Process Technology

- Epitaxial growth


YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW

Process Technology

- Epitaxial growth


YBCO

CeO2

LZO

NiW 1x LZO 2x LZO CeO2

View along <100>

WP6 - Characterization of tapes by IEE

57

torsion-bending capability of D-Nano tape is comparable with SuperPower tape

torsion-bending experiment

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,008

Ic /

Ic s

trai

ght

[-]

former diameter [m]

SuperPower - 30 deg

SuperPower - 45 deg

SuperPower - 55 deg

SUNAM - 30 deg

SUNAM - 45 deg

SUNAM - 55 deg

D-nano - 30 deg

D-nano - 45 deg

D-nano - 55 deg

Nucleation at the interface


production of high temperature superconducting tapes ... · - chemical vapour deposition (cvd) -...

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