product glossary of tv industry

7/31/2019 Product Glossary of TV Industry

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Product glossary of TV industry

INDUSTRY & SERVICES

MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT

The Indian Media & Entertainment Industry grew by US$ 12.9 billion in 2009 to US$ 14.4billion in 2010, a growth of 11 per cent, according to a report by the Federation of IndianChambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) and research firm KPMG. The report also statesthat backed by positive industry sentiment and growing media consumption, the industry isestimated to achieve growth of 13 per cent in 2011 to touch US$ 16.2 billion. As the industrybraces for exciting times ahead, the sector is projected to grow at a CAGR of 14 percent to reachUS$ 28.1 billion by 2015.

Key Trends and Drivers for Growth

Focus on Profitable Growth: Indian M&E companies implemented cost reduction strategies to

weather the economic slowdown of 2008-09. In order to sustain profitable growth, several costcontrol initiatives implemented during the slowdown have continued to prevail despite theindustry resuming its double digit growth rate. Incorporation of technology across key businessperformance areas such as planning, budgeting, CRM, strategic outsourcing, etc. could enablemore consistent and profitable growth given the technological advancement in these areas.

Increasing Media Penetration and Per Capita Consumption: Low media penetration particularlyacross SEC B, C and D segments offers significant headroom for growth. With increase in percapita consumption, discretionary spends are expected to grow and entertainment and leisureplatforms are likely to beneficiaries of this trend. Moreover, as metros and tier 1 markets getsaturated, media companies are looking to penetrate the tier 2 - tier 3 towns and rural markets.

For e.g. multiplexes have expanded across tier 2 towns, while DTH players have helped achievegreater C&S penetration across rural India.

Power of Digitisation: Digitisation continues to be a key growth driver for the Indian M&EIndustry and this trend was even more pronounced in 2010. Film studios saw greater adoption ofdigital prints over physical and it was the first time in India that digital music sales surpassed thatof physical units' sales.

Consumer Understanding: With increasing fragmentation and increase in competition, a deeperunderstanding of cultural and social references through focused study groups would enableplayers to target their consumers specifically and build loyalty.

Other factors: Regional media channels gaining popularity, different tastes of the audience andthereby different content, growth of the importance of the media are also few factors due towhich the Media and Entertainment Sector is growing.

Broadcasting Scenario in India

The CAGR for television industry is estimated to be 16 per cent and the CAGR for the radio


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industry is estimated to be 20 per cent from 2010 to 2015.

India has 138 million TV house hold and is behind only China and USA in the world TV market.India had 600 million TV viewers in 2010, adding almost 140 million viewers from 460 millionin 2009.

Film Industry

The Indian Film Industry stood US$ 1.9 billion in overall industry revenues in 2010, indicating adecline of 6.7 per cent with respect to 2009. The industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.6per cent and reach US$ 2.6 billion in 2014. The key growth drivers for the sector would includeexpansion of multiplex screens resulting in better realisations, an increase in the number ofdigital screens facilitating wider releases, higher cable and satellite revenues, improvingcollections from the overseas markets and ancillary revenue streams like DTH, digitaldownloads, etc, which are expected to emerge in future.

Television Sector in India

Television Industry in India has gained new momentum due to liberalization and enhancedenthusiasm shown by the broadcasters to seize a huge share of the entertainment and mediaindustry. In 2010, the television industry stood at a staggering US$ 6.5 billion, a rise of 15.6 percent over 2009 estimate of US$ 5.7 billion. The industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 16per cent to US$ 13.9 billion by 2015.

Growth of TV channels: The total number of TV channels (both private and government owned)grew from 461 in 2009 to 626 in January 2011. The number of News and Current Affairschannels was 312 and that of Non-News and Current Affairs channels was 314 up till January

2011.

Foreign Broadcasters: A total of 75 channels have been down-linked till January 2011 by anumber of foreign broadcasters.

Direct To Home (DTH) Service: DD DIRECT+ is India's first and only FTA Direct-To-Home(DTH) service being provided by Prasar Bharati (a public service broadcaster). Apart fromPrasar Bharati, Dish TV India Ltd., Tata Sky Ltd, and Sun Direct TV Pvt. Ltd., Reliance Big TVPvt. Ltd., Bharti Telemedia Ltd and Bharat Business Channel Ltd have also been granted licensefor operating DTH services.

The eligibility conditions provide for total foreign equity holding, including FDI/ NRI/ OCB/FII, in the applicant company not to exceed 49 per cent, and within the foreign equity, the FDIcomponent not to exceed 20 per cent. It also provides that Applicant Company must have Indianmanagement control with the majority representatives on the board as well as the chief executiveof the company being a resident Indian.

HD Growth Wave: Another trend witnessed in 2010 was the entry of HD channels. Apart from'Food First', India's first HD food channel, 'Movies Now' was also launched in HD. Doordarshan


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recommendations of TRAI on the issue of the proposed policy framework on the Head-end InThe Sky (HITS) mode of delivery of content to the cable operators. This system will enable thepackaging of content in digital form at the level of HITS operator who will uplink it to a satelliteto be received by the cable operators and thereafter distributed in digital mode through cablenetwork.

Mobile TV : Mobile TV is another mode of distribution of TV channels. A joint group ofMinistry of Information & Broadcasting (MIB) and Department of Telecommunications (DoT)has considered the regulatory and licensing issues of mobile TV and held that if mobile TVservices are to be provided in the broadcasting mode using transmission of terrestrial or satellitebroadcast signals, they will come under the domain of MIB and will be governed by theapplicable laws. If they are provided by using the infrastructure of telecom service provider, theywill fall in the domain of Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT).

Policy Framework

Television Sector

Segment Existing Limit

Teleport (Hub) 49 per cent

DTH 49 per cent

HITS 74 per cent (49 per cent in automatic route)

Cable Networks-MSOs 49 per cent

Cable Networks-Local Cable operators 49 per cent

FM Radio 20 per centDownlinking of TV channels 100 per cent

Uplinking of TV News and Current AffairsChannels

26 per cent

Uplinking of TV Non-nes and Current AffairsChannels

100 per cent

Mobile TV No policy

Source: FICCI-KPMG Indian Media and Entertainment Industry Report 2011

Print Media

As per the master circular from RBI on Foreign Investment in India and the Ministry ofInformation and Broadcasting, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in print media is capped asfollows:

Publications of newspaper and periodicals dealing with news and current affairs:FDI/NRI investment in Indian company up to 26 percent with prior approval from FIPB.


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Publications of Indian editions of foreign magazines dealing with news and currentaffairs: FDI/NRI investment in Indian company up to 26 percent with prior approval fromFIPB.

Publications of scientific and technical magazines/ specialty journals/ periodicals: Upto100 percent FDI with approvals from FIPB .

Future Outlook

It is expected to reach a size of US$ 13.9 billion in next five years i.e. by 2015 at aCAGR of 17 percent. The growth estimates till 2015 are due to a rapid growth in thesubscriber base for DTH.

Indian Film Industry is one of the world's largest with more than 1000 movie releases andover 3 million movie goers annually.

In 2009, the print media industry stood at US$ 3.8 billion and showed a moderate growthof 2 per cent. The industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9 per cent and reach aroundUS$ 5.9 billion by 2014.

Other Policies

Broadcasting Bill Foreign Investment Policy Advertisement Policy

Useful Web links

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting:www.mib.nic.in

History

Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting inDelhion 15September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmissionstarted in 1965 as a part ofAll India Radio. Thetelevisionservice was extended to Bombay (nowMumbai) andAmritsarin 1972. Up until 1975, only seven Indian cities had a television serviceand Doordarshan remained the sole provider of television in India. Television services wereseparated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year,colour TV was introduced in the Indian market. Indian small screen programming started off inthe early 1980s. At that time there was only one national channelDoordarshan, which wasgovernment owned. TheRamayanaandMahabharata(both Indian mythological stories) were thefirst major television series produced. This serial notched up the world record in viewershipnumbers for a single program. By the late 1980s more and more people started to own televisionsets. Though there was a single channel, television programming had reached saturation. Hencethe government opened up another channel which had part national programming and partregional. This channel was known as DD 2 later DD Metro. Both channels were broadcastterrestrially.
http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/document/Bill200707.pdfhttp://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/document/Bill200707.pdfhttp://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/Codes/foreign_policy.htmhttp://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/Codes/foreign_policy.htmhttp://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/Codes/adpolicy.htmhttp://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/Codes/adpolicy.htmhttp://mib.nic.in/http://mib.nic.in/http://mib.nic.in/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayan_%28TV_series%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayan_%28TV_series%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayan_%28TV_series%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayan_%28TV_series%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://mib.nic.in/http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/Codes/adpolicy.htmhttp://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/Codes/foreign_policy.htmhttp://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/document/Bill200707.pdf


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PAS-1 and PAS-4 are satellites whose transponders help in the telecasting of DD programmes inhalf the regions of the world.An international channel called DD International was started in1995 and it telecasts programmes for 19 hours a day to foreign countries-via PAS-4 toEurope,Asia and Africa, and via PAS-1 to North America.

Television channels and networks

The central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991 under PrimeMinisterNarasimha Rao. Under the new policies the government allowed private and foreignbroadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This process has been pursued consistentlyby all subsequent federal administrations. Foreign channels like CNN, Star TV and domesticchannels such as Zee TV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts. Starting with 41 sets in 1962and one channel, by 1985 TV in India covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewingpopulation of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels.

There are at least five basic types of television inIndia:broadcast, or "over-the-air" television,

unencrypted satellite or "free-to-air",Direct Broadcast Satellite,cable television, andIPTV(internet protocol television).

Over-the-air and free-to-air TV is free with no monthly payments while Cable, Direct BroadcastSatellite, and IPTV require a monthly payment that varies depending on how many channels asubscriber chooses to pay for. Channels are usually sold in groups, rather than singly.

Cable television

As per the TAM Annual Universe Update - 2010, India now has over 134 million households(out of 223 million) with television sets, of which over 103 million have access to Cable TV or

Satellite TV, including 20 million households which are DTH subscribers. In Urban India, 85%of all households have a TV and over 70% of all households have access to Satellite, Cable orDTH services. TV owning households have been growing at between 8-10%, while growth inSatellite/Cable homes exceeded 15% and DTH subscribers grew 28% over 2009. (However,some analysts place the number of households with television access at closer to 180 millionsince roughly a third of all rural families may watch television at a neighboring relatives home,and argue that Cable TV households are probably closer to 120 million owing to a certainpercentage of informal/unregistered Cable Networks that aren't counted by mainstream surveys).It is also estimated that India now has over 500 TV channels covering all the main languagesspoken in the nation.

In 1992, the Indian government led byP. V. Narasimha Raostarted a series of economic reformsincluding the liberalization of the broadcasting industry, opening it up tocable television. Thisled to an explosion in the Indian cable TV industry and saw the entry of many foreign playerslike Rupert Murdoch'sStar TV Network,MTV, and others.

Following the liberalization of the broadcasting industry, theHong Kong-basedStar TVNetworkintroduced five major television channels into the Indian broadcasting space that had sofar been monopolised by the Indian government-ownedDoordarshan:MTV,STAR Plus,Star
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Movies,BBC,Prime SportsandSTAR Chinese Channel. Soon after, India saw the launch ofZeeTV, the first privately-owned Indian channel to broadcast over cable followed by Asia TelevisionNetwork (ATN). A few years laterCNN,Discovery Channel,National Geographic Channelmade their foray into India. Later,Star TV Networkexpanded its bouquet with the introductionofSTAR World India,STAR Sports,ESPN,Channel VandSTAR Gold.

With the launch of theTamil-languageSun TV (India)in 1992,South Indiasaw the birth of itsfirst private television channel. With a network comprising more than 20 channels in variousSouth Indian languages, Sun TV network recently launched aDTHservice and its channels arenow available in several countries outside India. Following Sun TV, several television channelssprung up in the south. Among these are the Tamil-language channelThe Raj TelevisionNetworkand theMalayalam-language networkAsianet Communications Limited, both launchedin 1993. These three networks and their channels today take up most of the broadcasting space inSouth India.

Throughout the 90s, along with a multitude ofHindi-language channels, several regional and

English languagechannels flourished all over India. By 2001, international channelsHBOandHistory Channelstarted providing service. In 19992003, other international channels such asNickelodeon, Cartoon Network, VH1, Disney and Toon Disney entered the market. Starting in2003, there has been an explosion of news channels in various languages; the most notableamong them areNDTV,CNN IBNandAaj Tak. The most recent channels/networks in theIndian broadcasting industry include UTV Movies, UTV Bindass, Zoom, Colours, 9X and 9XM.There are several more new channels in the pipeline, including Leader TV.

Conditional Access System

CAS or conditional access system, is a digital mode of transmitting TV channels through a set-

top box (STB). The transmission signals are encrypted and viewers need to buy a set-top box toreceive and decrypt the signal. The STB is required to watch only pay channels.

The idea of CAS was mooted in 2001, due to a furore over charge hikes by channels andsubsequently by cable operators. Poor reception of certain channels; arbitrary pricing andincrease in prices; bundling of channels; poor service delivery by Cable Television Operators(CTOs); monopolies in each area; lack of regulatory framework and redress avenues were someof the issues that were to be addressed by implementation of CAS

It was decided by the government that CAS would be first introduced in the four metros. It hasbeen in place in Chennai since September 2003, where until very recently it had managed to

attract very few subscribers. It has been rolled out recently in the other three metros of Delhi,Mumbai and Kolkata.

As of April 2008 only 25 per cent of the people have subscribed the new technology. The restwatch only free-to-air channels. As mentioned above, the inhibiting factor from the viewer'sperspective is the cost of the STB.
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The information and broadcasting ministry set March 31, 2015 as the deadline for shift fromanalog to digital systems. Digitization, where the feed will be received through set-top boxes, isexpected to be executed in phases and the four metros ofDelhi,Mumbai,KolkataandChennaihave to shift to digital addressability by June 30, 2012[4]. Phase II will include 35 cities withpopulation of more than one million, such asPatna,Chandigarh,PuneandBangaloreby March

31, 2013. All urban areas are expected to digitize by November 30, 2014 and the remaining areasby March 31, 2015.[5]

Satellite television

As of 2010, over 500 TV Satellite television channels are broadcast in India. This includeschannels from the state-ownedDoordarshan,News CorporationownedSTAR TV,SonyownedSony Entertainment Television,Zee TV,Sun NetworkandAsianet. Direct To Home service isprovided byAirtel Digital Tv,BIG TVowned by Reliance,DD Direct Plus,DishTV,Sun DirectDTH,Tata Skyand Videocon D2H. DishTV was the first one to come up in Indian Market,others came only years later.

Tata Sky Dish India

These services are provided by locally built satellites fromISROsuch as[6]INSAT 4CR, INSAT4A, INSAT-2E, INSAT-3C and INSAT-3E as well as private satellites such as the Dutch-basedSES, Global-ownedNSS 6, Thaicom-2 and Telstar 10.

DTHis defined as the reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish in an individualhome. As of July 2011, India had roughly 35 million DTH subcribers.

DTH does not compete withCAS.[citation needed] Cable TV and DTH are two methods of deliveryof television content. CAS is integral to both the systems in delivering pay channels.

Cable TV is through cable networks and DTH is wireless, reaching direct to the consumerthrough a small dish and a set-top box. Although the government has ensured that free-to-airchannels on cable are delivered to the consumer without a set-top box, DTH signals cannot bereceived without the set-top box.

India currently has 7 major DTH service providers and a total of over 35 million subscriberhouseholds in mid 2011.DishTV(a ZEE TV subsidiary),Tata Sky,Videocon D2H, Sun Networkowned 'Sun DirectDTH',Reliance Digital TV,Bharti Airtel's DTH Service 'Airtel Digital TV'
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAR_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAR_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAR_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asianethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asianethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asianethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_Tvhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_Tvhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_Tvhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIG_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIG_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIG_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD_Direct_Plushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD_Direct_Plushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD_Direct_Plushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISROhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISROhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISROhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSS_6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSS_6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSS_6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-broadcast_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-broadcast_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_D2Hhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_D2Hhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_D2Hhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Directhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Directhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Directhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tata_sky_dish.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tata_sky_dish.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tata_sky_dish.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tata_sky_dish.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Digital_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Directhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_D2Hhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-broadcast_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSS_6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISROhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DishTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD_Direct_Plushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIG_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Digital_Tvhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asianethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAR_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi


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and the public sectorDD DirectPlus.As of 2010, India has the most competitive Direct-broadcast satellite market with 7 operators vying for more than 135 million TV homes. India isset to overtake the USA as the world's largest Direct-broadcast satellite market by 2012.[7]

The rapid growth of DTH in India has propelled an exodus from cabled homes, the need to

measure viewership in this space is more than ever;aMap, the overnight ratings agency, hasmounted a peoplemeter panel to measure viewership and interactive engagement in DTH homesin India.[8]

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)

IPTV launched only in some cities around 2006-2007 by Mtnl/Bsnl and later expanded to manyurban areas and is still expanding. Private Broadband provider Bharti Airtel also starts its IPTVservice in Delhi,NCR region. At present (2009/2010) IPTV in India is hardly making any impactin the market. But IPTV and Online Video Services in India[9]are expected to expand. ScreenDigest estimates broadband penetration of TV households to increase from 4.2 percent in 2009 to

13.4 percent in 2013.[10]

Audience Metrics

Television Metrics in India have gone through several phases in which it fragmented,consolidated and then fragmented again.

DART

During the days of the single channel Doordarshan monopoly, DART (Doordarshan AudienceResearch Team) was the only metric available. This used the notebook method of recordkeepingacross 33 cities across India.[11]DART continues to provide this information independent of thePrivate agencies. DART till this date is the only rating system that still measures audiencemetrics in Rural India.[12]

TAM & INTAM

In 1994, claiming a heterogeneous and fragmenting television market ORG-MARG introducedINTAM (Indian National Television Audience Measurement). Ex-officials of DD (Doordarshan)claimed that INTAM was introduced by vested commercial interests who only sought to breakthe monopoly of DD and that INTAM was significantly weaker in both sample size, rigour andthe range of cities and regions covered.[13]

In 1997, a joint industry body appointed TAM (backed by AC Nielsen[14]) as the officialrecordkeeper of audience metrics.[13]Due to the differences in methodology and samples ofTAM and INTAM, both provided differing results for the same programs.

In 2001, a confidential list of households in Mumbai that were participating in the monitoringsurvey was released, calling into question the reliability of the data.[13][15][16]This subsequently
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led to the merger of the two measurement systems into TAM.[17]For several years after this, inspite of misgivings about the process, sample and other parameters, TAM was the defactostandard and monopoly in the audience metrics game.[18]

aMap

In 2004, a rival ratings service funded by American NRI investors, calledAudienceMeasurement Analytics Limited (aMap) was launched.[19][20][21]Although initially, it faced acautious uptake from clients, the TAM monopoly was broken.

What differentiatesaMapis that its ratings are available within one day as compared to TAM'stimeline of one week.[20]

Broadcast Audience Research Council

An even newer industry body called the Broadcast Audience Research Council seeks to set up an

almost real-time audience metrics system. Plans for this was announced in march 2008 and workis said to be in progress.[21][22]

Televisionis one of themajor mass mediainIndia. It is a huge industry which has thousands ofprogrammes in many languages. The small screen has produced numerous celebrities, some evenattaining national fame. TV soaps are extremely popular with housewives as well as workingwomen. Approximately half of all Indian households own a television.[1]As of 2010, the countryhas a collection of free and subscription services over a variety of distribution media, throughwhich there are over 515 channels of which 150 arepay channels.[2]According to Pioneer

Investcorp, the Indiancable industryis worth 270 billion (US$5.39 billion) and is the thirdlargest in the world aftertelevision in the People's Republic of Chinaandtelevision in the UnitedStates. The number of TV homes in India grew from 120 million in 2007 to 148 million in 2011.Cable reaches 94 million homes with 88 million analog connections and 6 million digital ones,whileDTHhas commanded 41 million subscribers.[3]

Contents

1 History 2 Television channels and networks

o 2.1 Cable televisiono 2.2 Conditional Access Systemo 2.3 Satellite televisiono 2.4 Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)

3 Audience Metricso 3.1 DARTo 3.2 TAM & INTAMo 3.3 aMap
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://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#DARThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#Audience_Metricshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#Internet_Protocol_Television_.28IPTV.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#Satellite_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#Conditional_Access_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#Cable_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#Television_channels_and_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-Mid-Day-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-To-Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-bs-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-bs-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-hindu-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_Measurement_and_Analytics_Ltd._%28aMap%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-bs-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_Measurement_and_Analytics_Ltd._%28aMap%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_Measurement_and_Analytics_Ltd._%28aMap%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_Measurement_and_Analytics_Ltd._%28aMap%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India#cite_note-16


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o 3.4 Broadcast Audience Research Council 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

History

Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting inDelhion 15September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmissionstarted in 1965 as a part ofAll India Radio. Thetelevisionservice was extended to Bombay (nowMumbai) andAmritsarin 1972. Up until 1975, only seven Indian cities had a television serviceand Doordarshan remained the sole provider of television in India. Television services wereseparated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year,colour TV was introduced in the Indian market. Indian small screen programming started off inthe early 1980s. At that time there was only one national channelDoordarshan, which wasgovernment owned. TheRamayanaandMahabharata(both Indian mythological stories) were thefirst major television series produced. This serial notched up the world record in viewershipnumbers for a single program. By the late 1980s more and more people started to own televisionsets. Though there was a single channel, television programming had reached saturation. Hencethe government opened up another channel which had part national programming and partregional. This channel was known as DD 2 later DD Metro. Both channels were broadcastterrestrially.

PAS-1 and PAS-4 are satellites whose transponders help in the telecasting of DD programmes inhalf the regions of the world.An international channel called DD International was started in1995 and it telecasts programmes for 19 hours a day to foreign countries-via PAS-4 toEurope,Asia and Africa, and via PAS-1 to North America.

Television channels and networks

The central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991 under PrimeMinisterNarasimha Rao. Under the new policies the government allowed private and foreignbroadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This process has been pursued consistentlyby all subsequent federal administrations. Foreign channels like CNN, Star TV and domesticchannels such as Zee TV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts. Starting with 41 sets in 1962and one channel, by 1985 TV in India covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing

population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels.

There are at least five basic types of television inIndia:broadcast, or "over-the-air" television,unencrypted satellite or "free-to-air",Direct Broadcast Satellite,cable television, andIPTV(internet protocol television).
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Over-the-air and free-to-air TV is free with no monthly payments while Cable, Direct BroadcastSatellite, and IPTV require a monthly payment that varies depending on how many channels asubscriber chooses to pay for. Channels are usually sold in groups, rather than singly.

Cable television

As per the TAM Annual Universe Update - 2010, India now has over 134 million households(out of 223 million) with television sets, of which over 103 million have access to Cable TV orSatellite TV, including 20 million households which are DTH subscribers. In Urban India, 85%of all households have a TV and over 70% of all households have access to Satellite, Cable orDTH services. TV owning households have been growing at between 8-10%, while growth inSatellite/Cable homes exceeded 15% and DTH subscribers grew 28% over 2009. (However,some analysts place the number of households with television access at closer to 180 millionsince roughly a third of all rural families may watch television at a neighboring relatives home,and argue that Cable TV households are probably closer to 120 million owing to a certainpercentage of informal/unregistered Cable Networks that aren't counted by mainstream surveys).

It is also estimated that India now has over 500 TV channels covering all the main languagesspoken in the nation.

In 1992, the Indian government led byP. V. Narasimha Raostarted a series of economic reformsincluding the liberalization of the broadcasting industry, opening it up tocable television. Thisled to an explosion in the Indian cable TV industry and saw the entry of many foreign playerslike Rupert Murdoch'sStar TV Network,MTV, and others.

Following the liberalization of the broadcasting industry, theHong Kong-basedStar TVNetworkintroduced five major television channels into the Indian broadcasting space that had sofar been monopolised by the Indian government-ownedDoordarshan:MTV,STAR Plus,Star

Movies,BBC,Prime SportsandSTAR Chinese Channel. Soon after, India saw the launch ofZeeTV, the first privately-owned Indian channel to broadcast over cable followed by Asia TelevisionNetwork (ATN). A few years laterCNN,Discovery Channel,National Geographic Channelmade their foray into India. Later,Star TV Networkexpanded its bouquet with the introductionofSTAR World India,STAR Sports,ESPN,Channel VandSTAR Gold.

With the launch of theTamil-languageSun TV (India)in 1992,South Indiasaw the birth of itsfirst private television channel. With a network comprising more than 20 channels in variousSouth Indian languages, Sun TV network recently launched aDTHservice and its channels arenow available in several countries outside India. Following Sun TV, several television channelssprung up in the south. Among these are the Tamil-language channelThe Raj Television

Networkand theMalayalam-language networkAsianet Communications Limited, both launchedin 1993. These three networks and their channels today take up most of the broadcasting space inSouth India.

Throughout the 90s, along with a multitude ofHindi-language channels, several regional andEnglish languagechannels flourished all over India. By 2001, international channelsHBOandHistory Channelstarted providing service. In 19992003, other international channels such asNickelodeon, Cartoon Network, VH1, Disney and Toon Disney entered the market. Starting in
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2003, there has been an explosion of news channels in various languages; the most notableamong them areNDTV,CNN IBNandAaj Tak. The most recent channels/networks in theIndian broadcasting industry include UTV Movies, UTV Bindass, Zoom, Colours, 9X and 9XM.There are several more new channels in the pipeline, including Leader TV.

Conditional Access System

CAS or conditional access system, is a digital mode of transmitting TV channels through a set-top box (STB). The transmission signals are encrypted and viewers need to buy a set-top box toreceive and decrypt the signal. The STB is required to watch only pay channels.

The idea of CAS was mooted in 2001, due to a furore over charge hikes by channels andsubsequently by cable operators. Poor reception of certain channels; arbitrary pricing andincrease in prices; bundling of channels; poor service delivery by Cable Television Operators(CTOs); monopolies in each area; lack of regulatory framework and redress avenues were someof the issues that were to be addressed by implementation of CAS

It was decided by the government that CAS would be first introduced in the four metros. It hasbeen in place in Chennai since September 2003, where until very recently it had managed toattract very few subscribers. It has been rolled out recently in the other three metros of Delhi,Mumbai and Kolkata.

As of April 2008 only 25 per cent of the people have subscribed the new technology. The restwatch only free-to-air channels. As mentioned above, the inhibiting factor from the viewer'sperspective is the cost of the STB.

The information and broadcasting ministry set March 31, 2015 as the deadline for shift from

analog to digital systems. Digitization, where the feed will be received through set-top boxes, isexpected to be executed in phases and the four metros ofDelhi,Mumbai,KolkataandChennaihave to shift to digital addressability by June 30, 2012[4]. Phase II will include 35 cities withpopulation of more than one million, such asPatna,Chandigarh,PuneandBangaloreby March31, 2013. All urban areas are expected to digitize by November 30, 2014 and the remaining areasby March 31, 2015.[5]

Satellite television

As of 2010, over 500 TV Satellite television channels are broadcast in India. This includeschannels from the state-ownedDoordarshan,News CorporationownedSTAR TV,Sonyowned

Sony Entertainment Television,Zee TV,Sun NetworkandAsianet. Direct To Home service isprovided byAirtel Digital Tv,BIG TVowned by Reliance,DD Direct Plus,DishTV,Sun DirectDTH,Tata Skyand Videocon D2H. DishTV was the first one to come up in Indian Market,others came only years later.
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Tata Sky Dish India

These services are provided by locally built satellites fromISROsuch as[6]INSAT 4CR, INSAT4A, INSAT-2E, INSAT-3C and INSAT-3E as well as private satellites such as the Dutch-basedSES, Global-ownedNSS 6, Thaicom-2 and Telstar 10.

DTHis defined as the reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish in an individual

home. As of July 2011, India had roughly 35 million DTH subcribers.

DTH does not compete withCAS.[citation needed] Cable TV and DTH are two methods of deliveryof television content. CAS is integral to both the systems in delivering pay channels.

Cable TV is through cable networks and DTH is wireless, reaching direct to the consumerthrough a small dish and a set-top box. Although the government has ensured that free-to-airchannels on cable are delivered to the consumer without a set-top box, DTH signals cannot bereceived without the set-top box.

India currently has 7 major DTH service providers and a total of over 35 million subscriber

households in mid 2011.DishTV(a ZEE TV subsidiary),Tata Sky,Videocon D2H, Sun Networkowned 'Sun DirectDTH',Reliance Digital TV,Bharti Airtel's DTH Service 'Airtel Digital TV'and the public sectorDD DirectPlus.As of 2010, India has the most competitive Direct-broadcast satellite market with 7 operators vying for more than 135 million TV homes. India isset to overtake the USA as the world's largest Direct-broadcast satellite market by 2012.[7]

The rapid growth of DTH in India has propelled an exodus from cabled homes, the need tomeasure viewership in this space is more than ever;aMap, the overnight ratings agency, hasmounted a peoplemeter panel to measure viewership and interactive engagement in DTH homesin India.[8]

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)

IPTV launched only in some cities around 2006-2007 by Mtnl/Bsnl and later expanded to manyurban areas and is still expanding. Private Broadband provider Bharti Airtel also starts its IPTVservice in Delhi,NCR region. At present (2009/2010) IPTV in India is hardly making any impactin the market. But IPTV and Online Video Services in India[9]are expected to expand. ScreenDigest estimates broadband penetration of TV households to increase from 4.2 percent in 2009 to13.4 percent in 2013.[10]
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Audience Metrics

Television Metrics in India have gone through several phases in which it fragmented,consolidated and then fragmented again.

DART

During the days of the single channel Doordarshan monopoly, DART (Doordarshan AudienceResearch Team) was the only metric available. This used the notebook method of recordkeepingacross 33 cities across India.[11]DART continues to provide this information independent of thePrivate agencies. DART till this date is the only rating system that still measures audiencemetrics in Rural India.[12]

TAM & INTAM

In 1994, claiming a heterogeneous and fragmenting television market ORG-MARG introducedINTAM (Indian National Television Audience Measurement). Ex-officials of DD (Doordarshan)claimed that INTAM was introduced by vested commercial interests who only sought to breakthe monopoly of DD and that INTAM was significantly weaker in both sample size, rigour andthe range of cities and regions covered.[13]

In 1997, a joint industry body appointed TAM (backed byAC Nielsen[14]) as the officialrecordkeeper of audience metrics.[13]Due to the differences in methodology and samples ofTAM and INTAM, both provided differing results for the same programs.

In 2001, a confidential list of households in Mumbai that were participating in the monitoringsurvey was released, calling into question the reliability of the data.[13][15][16]This subsequentlyled to the merger of the two measurement systems into TAM.[17]For several years after this, inspite of misgivings about the process, sample and other parameters, TAM was the defactostandard and monopoly in the audience metrics game.[18]

aMap

In 2004, a rival ratings service funded by American NRI investors, calledAudienceMeasurement Analytics Limited (aMap) was launched.[19][20][21]Although initially, it faced acautious uptake from clients, the TAM monopoly was broken.

What differentiatesaMapis that its ratings are available within one day as compared to TAM'stimeline of one week.[20]

Broadcast Audience Research Council

An even newer industry body called the Broadcast Audience Research Council seeks to set up analmost real-time audience metrics system. Plans for this was announced in march 2008 and workis said to be in progress.[21][22]
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product glossary of tv industry

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