product and chain development for oil palm
TRANSCRIPT
Product and chain development for Oil PalmProduct and chain development for Oil Palm
BioBio--based materials and renewable energybased materials and renewable energy
26 09 06
Jan E.G van DamJan E.G van Dam
Div Div BiobasedBiobased ProductsProducts
WageningenWageningen URUR
BioBio--basedbased economyeconomy
…….the solution for .the solution for sustainable developments sustainable developments
...?......?...
BioBio--based economybased economy and Sustainable developmentsand Sustainable developments
• KYOTO and CO2 neutral production
• Transition process
• Renewable resources for energy and products
• Exploitation of biomass from agro-industrial residues
• Value addition in materials, and ‘green’ chemicals
What are the biomass resources What are the biomass resources
where are those available where are those available
at what costs at what costs
????
Transition to a Transition to a biobio--basedbased economyeconomy
Growing demand for biomass resourcesGrowing demand for biomass resources
Agricultural crops
sugar ethanol
fats and oils biodiesel
Forestry crops
wood fuel
charcoal
Competing claimsCompeting claims for biomass resourcesfor biomass resources
Sustainable production
food supply security FAO / UNEP / UNIDO
land use
deforestation NGO
rural development
Rapid expansion of demand for energy purposes
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOREFINERY
Unused biomass resourcesUnused biomass resources
Agricultural crops Agricultural residues
Food industry wastes
Forestry crops Forestry residues
Black liquorWaste paper
Animal waste ManureMunicipal solid waste SewageMarine crops Algae,
Fishery residues
VariousVarious CropsCrops and and RegionsRegions
Cotton
CottonCorn
Sugarcane Soya
Sugar beet
Palm oil CoconutCoconut
Cassava
Algae
Soft WoodSoft Wood Soft Wood
Cotton
Hard Wood
Hard Wood
Wheat Soya
Rice
Wheat
EucalyptEucalypt
Cacao
Soya
R&D activities for sustainable developments (1)R&D activities for sustainable developments (1)
•• Supply managementSupply management
•• Upgrading of existing and innovative technologies Upgrading of existing and innovative technologies to ecologically improved productionto ecologically improved production
•• Novel innovative markets for renewable products Novel innovative markets for renewable products
•• Valorisation of residuesValorisation of residues
R&D activities for sustainable developments (2)R&D activities for sustainable developments (2)
•• AgroAgro--logistics, storage, transport and packaginglogistics, storage, transport and packaging
•• ‘White’ biotechnology, ‘White’ biotechnology, biorefinerybiorefinery
•• Product developmentProduct development–– Renewable energy from biomass residuesRenewable energy from biomass residues
–– Building and construction materials Building and construction materials
–– ‘Green chemicals’ and bio‘Green chemicals’ and bio--polymers, adhesives, additives and polymers, adhesives, additives and coatingscoatings
•• AgroresiduesAgroresidues of food and nonof food and non--food cropsfood crops–– cotton stalks cotton stalks
–– rice straw / hullrice straw / hull
–– sugar cane sugar cane bagassebagasse
–– corn cobscorn cobs
–– coconut huskcoconut husk
–– jute sticks, etcjute sticks, etc
–– palm oil residuespalm oil residues–– eucalypt barkeucalypt bark
–– verge grassesverge grasses
Renewable raw materialsRenewable raw materials
1997 1997 -- Optimization oilseed processing (Indonesia) Optimization oilseed processing (Indonesia)
19981998--2002 2002 –– PalmPlusPalmPlus (BIT project SENTER, Zebra Special (BIT project SENTER, Zebra Special Products NL Products NL –– PTPN3 Indonesia) PTPN3 Indonesia)
2001 2001 –– pulping of EFB (pulping of EFB (TigaraskaTigaraska Indonesia)Indonesia)
2004 2004 –– pyrolysispyrolysis oil (BTG) application developmentoil (BTG) application development
2005 2005 –– market survey for production of market survey for production of bioplasticsbioplastics from from Palm oil (confidential NL / Malaysia)Palm oil (confidential NL / Malaysia)
2006 2006 –– dissolving cellulose from Palm oil residues dissolving cellulose from Palm oil residues (confidential)(confidential)
Oil palm Projects in division BBPOil palm Projects in division BBP
1998 1998 -- K.A. K.A. DejongheDejonghe and and W.WongW.Wong (Erasmus (Erasmus UnivUniv Rotterdam): Survey of palm oil Rotterdam): Survey of palm oil industries in Malaysiaindustries in Malaysia
1999 1999 –– RusliRusli HidyatHidyat and F. van and F. van BeckumBeckum ((UnivUniv TwenteTwente): palm fruit sterilization by ): palm fruit sterilization by using direct steam injectionusing direct steam injection
2004 2004 –– AdelwahabAdelwahab et al (WUR) et al (WUR) -- Enhanced use of waste biomass of palm oil Enhanced use of waste biomass of palm oil production in an environmentally safe and sustainable way in Malproduction in an environmentally safe and sustainable way in Malaysia and Ghanaaysia and Ghana
2005 2005 –– W. de W. de VriesVries (RUG) (RUG) –– ValorisationValorisation of biomass residues from the palm oil of biomass residues from the palm oil production chainproduction chain
2006 2006 –– B. B. DehueDehue (WUR) (WUR) -- Palm Oil and its ByPalm Oil and its By--Products as a Renewable Energy Products as a Renewable Energy Source Potential, Sustainability and Governance Source Potential, Sustainability and Governance
2006 2006 -- JingJing Zhang (WUR) Zhang (WUR) -- Short study into the use of palm oil byShort study into the use of palm oil by--products while products while increasing the sustainability of palm oil production. Definitionincreasing the sustainability of palm oil production. Definition of new processing of new processing chains for palm oil bychains for palm oil by--products and the environmental and economic products and the environmental and economic performance.performance.
Oil palm student thesesOil palm student theses in division BBP in division BBP
OilOil Palm (Palm (MalaysiaMalaysia, , IndonesiaIndonesia))
27 millions of tons a year, 23% of the World’s vegetable oil production (2003)
Extensive global expansion (from 2 to 7 million ha in last 20 years)
80% of the World production on account of Malaysia and Indonesia
Palm oil and palm kernel oil are the only “products” (9% of the produced biomass), the rest is “waste”
Oil Palm Innovation MPOB / PORAM
Obvious surplus EFB
There is more..
Biomass from agroBiomass from agro--industrial residuesindustrial residues
• palm oil residues
• low utilisation rate
LocalLocal perceptionperception of Palm of Palm oiloil productionproduction
Cash crop with large impact on whole society & landscape
High ambition levels, growing awareness of potential and threats
Problems with waste production and disposal (POME / EFB)
Recycling of nutrients, limited need for energy efficiency
Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and possibilities for CDM / CO2 trade
UtilisationUtilisation of Palm of Palm oiloil residuesresidues
Lignocellulosic fibres at estate– fronts (10.5 tons /ha/yr)
– trunks (70 tons / ha / 25 yr)
Residues at palm oil mill– empty fruit bunch (1 ton / ton palm oil)
– mesocarp fibre (0.6 ton / ton)– shells (0.4 ton / ton)
– effluent (0.4-1.0 ton/ton)
partly used as boiler fuel
OptionsOptions forfor sustainablesustainable residueresidue utilisationutilisation
Bio-diesel (residual oil / pressing cakes)Bio-gas, H2 / ABE and ethanol fermentationBio-polymers (PLA, PHA)Bio-oil pyrolysis (BTG) / CharcoalFibres for paper, building boards and compositesDissolving cellulose“green” chemicals (lignin and furfural adhesives)
DevelopmentDevelopment of of sustainablesustainable Palm Palm oiloil
Technology transfer implementation and process integration
Smal scale biorefinery at Palm oil mills for ligno-cellulosic by-products, effluents and expelled residues
• Refining, compression and preprocessing• Extraction of components for value addition (‘green chemicals’ and
products)• Biotechnology for Fermentation to fuel and biopolymers• Condensing energy content of transportable carbon• Higher resource efficiency
precipitation Coatings Biopolymersextract
sugars Alcohol / H2
effluentdryingchoppingpelletising
residue
Feedgassifycombustion
Energy
waste compost
compostingdisposal
silica
fermentation
tar
ash
Protein, lipids
Biomass
fuel
extraction modification
refining fibre pulp Paper / boardadhesives
Biorefinery (cascading) of biomass
Developmental strategyDevelopmental strategy
Demonstration of • technical feasibility laboratory and pilot scale• socio-economic potential field study• marketing potential• business plan
Identification of partners • in primary production and industry • investors and stakeholders
Biomass from agroBiomass from agro--industrial residuesindustrial residues
World production capacity coconut husk 15-20 million tons /year
Husk preparation (CFC/ FAO project)Husk preparation (CFC/ FAO project)
Coconut husk
Opening Milling
Coconut
Building and construction materialsBuilding and construction materials
Conclusions (1)Conclusions (1)
By-products utilisation for added value is beneficial to the sustainability of palm oil production
Essential for certifying the sustainability of the palm oil biomass energy and products.
Multi-stakeholder involvement needed (RPSO)Include outsider (food vs non-food) industries
involved in energy and fibre products
Conclusions (2)Conclusions (2)
Large interest in Malaysia (government, companies, and investors) in improved palm oil production for energy production
Show case : Sustainable Oil Palm bio-diesel and biomass by-products for energy and products (import / export scenarios, CDM, LCA / criteria, bio-refinery tools)
Now is the moment for active participation!
There is no There is no wastewaste
when it’s biowhen it’s bio--basedbased