product analysis

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If you wanna know what and how much

PRODUCT ANALYSIS

Loro Francesco

TAIEX Mission Expert 58608

Podgoriza – April 2015

Recovery of MW fractions

What is recoverable? Everything (in theory)

Does an installation need? (and what?)

Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis

BIODEGRADABLE W

PAPER

GLASS

METALS

PLASTICS

BIODEGRADABLE W

PAPER

GLASS

METALS

PLASTICS

How much

in your MW?

How much

in your MW?

t

PRODUCT ANALYSIS

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Hazardous Municipal Waste

EWC DESCRIPTION PLACE20 01 31* cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines (AND 200132 medicines other than those mentioned in 200131)

20 01 33*batteries and accumulators included in 160601,160602 or 160603 and unsorted batteries and accumulators

containing these batteries (AND 200134 batteries and accumulators other than those mentioned in 200133)

20 01 13* solvents

20 01 14* acids

20 01 15* alkalines

20 01 17* photochemicals

20 01 19* pesticides

20 01 21* fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste

20 01 23* discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons

20 01 26* oil and fat other than those mentioned in 200125 (AND 200125 edible oil and fat)

20 01 27*paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing dangerous substances (AND 200128 paint, inks, adhesives and

resins other than those mentioned in 200127)

20 01 29*detergents containing dangerous substances (AND 200130 detergents other than those mentioned in

200129)

20 01 37* wood containing dangerous substances (AND 200138 wood other than that mentioned in 200137)

15 01 10* packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances

15 02 02*absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths,protective clothing

contaminated by dangerous substances

20 01 35*discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 200123 containing

hazardous components (AND 200136 discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those

mentioned in 200121, 200123 and 200135)

producers,

collection centres

MW of Chapt. 16

various collection centres

stores, shops

collection centres

collection centres

Street collection of

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Collection centres

The most important place (for households only):

- to collect hazardous municipal waste

- to prevent waste abandon

- to protect waste quality (separated fractions for recovery)

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Product analysis

To k

no

w w

hat

an

d h

ow

mu

ch � RESIDUAL Households waste to Biodegradable % content

� ORGANIC HW to compost quality

� BULKY W to quality management of collection centre

characterization:

Sampling Procedures

Analysis Procedure

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9

References (1)

European references for waste sampling:

EN 14899:2005 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials -

Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan (01/12/2005)

CEN/TR 15310:2006 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials –

01/11/2006 (5 parts)

UNI EN 15002:2006 Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions

from the laboratory sample (25/05/2006)

EN 14899:2005 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials -

Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan (01/12/2005)

CEN/TR 15310:2006 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials –

01/11/2006 (5 parts)

UNI EN 15002:2006 Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions

from the laboratory sample (25/05/2006)

..and also many standards for analysis ..and also many standards for analysis

� standard in Italy: UNI 10802:2013

� many problems about applicability: therefore a new sampling

methods was created – based on standard

� for specific waste type (and target) was created special methods:

� residual MW

� non-reusable fraction from mechanic selection

� MW organic fraction

� bulky waste

References (2)

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How to know

the quality of waste

PRODUCT

ANALYSIS

CHEMICAL ANALYSISNon diffused

Problems on sample representativeness

and preparation

Product analysis (1)

It is a waste classification in different

product categories and it is based on

manual separation and weighing of

different waste type present.

Was used in ’76-’79 for studies on energy

Definition and history

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Standard Methods

ASTM (USA)

WSL (UK)

ERRA (UE)

ADEME (F)

IPLA (IT)

Developed for product

analysis on specific type of

product therefore these

methods are difficult to apply

in general cases

Product analysis (2)

1. definition of target and plan:

• sampling method

• categories to separate

2. sampling:

• critical phase for representativeness

• various

3. product analysis:

• manual separation in categories

• from target: many type of categories

4. processing of results

Product analysis: operational phases

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boots

duble gloves

calipers

suits

mask

steel table with

riddle 20x20mm

and bottom tank

Product analysis: equipment

CHARACTERISATION OF RESIDUAL (municipal) WASTE

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TO KNOW % of organic components in residual MW and % of

the other recovery franctions

• Separated collection efficiency

• Disposal in landfill without treatment

Case Study: target

• spatial sampling

• analysis of a random waste

transport

• time interval

Sampling of waste

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Variables to consider:

- inhabitants number

- territorial features (historical centre, residential zone,

commercial, industrial, etc)

- collection system

- similar waste collection system and criteria

- cyclical variations

- domestic composting

Spatial sampling (1)

- greed

- transept

- zoning districts (mix)

Spatial sampling (2)

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Case Study: sample extraction

1. quartering method

2. diagonal method

3. stochastic method

The sample collected is lay on analysis place

sample preparation (100-200 Kg) for selection with:

keep

keepdiscard

discard

sample

discard

discard

sample

h= 30 cm w= 0,75-1 t

h= 30 cm w= 1,5-2 t

case study: quartering

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sample

lenght: 4 m

width: 30 cm

weight: 1,5-2 t

Case Study: diagonal

A number of bags is

taken in proportion

to get sample for

analysis

Case Study: stochasticstochasticstochasticstochastic

About 200 Kg (every 2 t)

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It is based on manual separation and weighing of

separated fractions

tipically

- Organic and putrescible fraction

- recoverable dry fractions

- hazardous MW

- residual MW

Case Study: analysis

• according to targets

• according to time

• according to costs

Case Study: categories

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• weighing of sample

• opening of bags

• manual separation in

classes

• weighing of fractions

• data processing (in %)

Case Study: analysis (2)

Case Study: results

Categorie merceologiche

del RUR

MEDIA 2003 (% in peso)

MINIMO (% in peso)

MASSIMO (% in peso)

DEVIAZIONE STANDARD (% in peso)


MOP 11,95 1,18 32,57 7,10 15,73

FSR 31,84 14,23 58,26 9,70 30,09

RUP 0,60 0,00 14,02 1,45 0,38

SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 0,07 4,65 0,89 4,08

SECCO NON RICICLABILE 54,36 21,28 81,03 14,18 49,72

Totale 100,00 - - - 100,00

Tabella 1 - Medie delle percentuali per le 5 classi merceologiche del RUR.


del RUR


MINIMO (% in peso)

MASSIMO (% in peso)

DEVIAZIONE STANDARD (% in peso)


MOP 11,95 1,18 32,57 7,10 15,73

FSR 31,84 14,23 58,26 9,70 30,09

RUP 0,60 0,00 14,02 1,45 0,38

SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 0,07 4,65 0,89 4,08

SECCO NON RICICLABILE 54,36 21,28 81,03 14,18 49,72

Totale 100,00 - - - 100,00

Tabella 1 - Medie delle percentuali per le 5 classi merceologiche del RUR.


del RUR

PORTA A PORTA

(% in peso)

CASSONETTO

(% in peso)

MOP 9,71 23,00

FSR 29,49 42,46

RUP 0,60 0,61

SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 1,23

SECCO NON RICICLABILE 59,08 35,03

Totale 100.00 100.00

Tabella 2 - Medie delle percentuali per classi merceologiche in funzione del sistema di raccolta.


del RUR

PORTA A PORTA

(% in peso)

CASSONETTO

(% in peso)

MOP 9,71 23,00

FSR 29,49 42,46

RUP 0,60 0,61

SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 1,23

SECCO NON RICICLABILE 59,08 35,03

Totale 100.00 100.00

Tabella 2 - Medie delle percentuali per classi merceologiche in funzione del sistema di raccolta.

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CATEGORIE SOTTOCATEGORIE SPECIFICAZIONI

Putrescibile da cucina Residui di cucina, cotti e crudi. MOP Materiale

Organico

Putrescibile

Putrescibile da giardino Foglie, erba escluse le matrici legnose.

Carta e cartone Quotidiani, riviste, pubblicità, libri, agende.

Salviette di carta* Fazzoletti di carta e simili, carta cucina.

biod

egra

dabi

le

Legno Pannelli truciolari e legno non trattati,

ramaglie.

rigide Plastiche

film

Vari contenitori per liquidi PET, PVC, PE;

inoltre altri materiali a seconda delle vigenti

disposizioni di Co.Re.Pla, pellicole, buste e

sacchetti in plastica, imballaggi in schiuma

di polistirene (PS).

Vetro Vetro trasparente, vetro colorato, altro

vetro.

Alluminio recuperabile,

metalli ferrosi e non ferrosi

Inerti Ceramica, porcellana, altro.

RIF

IUT

O

RE

CU

PE

RA

BIL

E

FSR Frazione

Secca

Riciclabile

(intercettabile

con i circuiti di

"raccolta

differenziata")

non

biod

egra

dabi

le

Case Study: product categories (1)

Pile

Farmaci scaduti e rifiuti

ospedalieri

Termometri, farmaci scaduti.

Accumulatori esausti

RIF

IUT

O

PE

RIC

OL

OSO

RUP Rifiuto Urbano

Pericoloso

Contenitori etichettati T/F

(tossici e infiammabili)

Altro non riciclabile

RIF

IUT

O

SEC

CO

NO

N

RIC

ICL

AB

ILE

S Secco non riciclabile

Pannolini e assorbenti

Frazione rimanente non recuperabile e non

riciclabile, contenitori in tetrapak, gomma,

nylon, ed altro.

SOT

TO

VA

GL

IO SV Sottovaglio Frazione minuta inferiore ai 20 mm.

Pile

Farmaci scaduti e rifiuti

ospedalieri

Termometri, farmaci scaduti.

Accumulatori esausti

RIF

IUT

O

PE

RIC

OL

OSO

RUP Rifiuto Urbano

Pericoloso

Contenitori etichettati T/F

(tossici e infiammabili)

Altro non riciclabile

RIF

IUT

O

SEC

CO

NO

N

RIC

ICL

AB

ILE

S Secco non riciclabile

Pannolini e assorbenti

Frazione rimanente non recuperabile e non

riciclabile, contenitori in tetrapak, gomma,

nylon, ed altro.

SOT

TO

VA

GL

IO SV Sottovaglio Frazione minuta inferiore ai 20 mm.

Case Study: product categories (2)

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BACINO:

COMUNE:

Modalità di raccolta (% di utenze):

Luogo di campionamento:

Data di esecuzione analisi:

Tecnici presenti all'analisi:

Tempo di esecuzione dell'analisi:

Metodo di campionamento:

Legenda bio

pa

sr

s

sv

A.R.P.A.V ORR-ORC

ANALISI MERCEOLOGICA DEL RIFIUTO URBANO RESIDUO

secco recuperabile

pannolini e assorbenti

secco non recuperabile

sottovaglio

forsu+verde+carta+legno+tessili

BACINO:

COMUNE:

Modalità di raccolta (% di utenze):

Luogo di campionamento:

Data di esecuzione analisi:

Tecnici presenti all'analisi:

Tempo di esecuzione dell'analisi:

Metodo di campionamento:

Legenda bio

pa

sr

s

sv

A.R.P.A.V ORR-ORC

ANALISI MERCEOLOGICA DEL RIFIUTO URBANO RESIDUO

secco recuperabile

pannolini e assorbenti

secco non recuperabile

sottovaglio

forsu+verde+carta+legno+tessili

Rifiuto Urbano Residuo

SACCHI (n°)

PESO LORDO

(kg)

LOTTO (n°)

SACCHI (n°)

PESO LORDO

(kg)

LOTTO (n°)

SACCHI (n°)

PESO LORDO

(kg)1 38 75

2 39 76

3 40 77

4 41 78

5 42 79

6 43 80

7 44 81

8 45 82

9 46 83

10 47 84

11 48 85

12 49 86

13 50 87

Rifiuto Urbano Residuo

SACCHI (n°)

PESO LORDO

(kg)

LOTTO (n°)

SACCHI (n°)

PESO LORDO

(kg)

LOTTO (n°)

SACCHI (n°)

PESO LORDO

(kg)1 38 75

2 39 76

3 40 77

4 41 78

5 42 79

6 43 80

7 44 81

8 45 82

9 46 83

10 47 84

11 48 85

12 49 86

13 50 87

initial

sample

Case Study: form (1)

Case Study: form

Caricobio lordo

(kg)Carico

pa lordo (kg)

Caricosr lordo

(kg)Carico

s lordo (kg)

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

10 10 10 10

11 11 11 11

12 12 12 12

13 13 13 13

14 14 14 14

15 15 15 15

TARA: TARA: TARA: TARA:

Osservazioni sul sottovaglio:SOTTOVAGLIO (kg)

lordo tara

Caricobio lordo

(kg)Carico

pa lordo (kg)

Caricosr lordo

(kg)Carico

s lordo (kg)

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

10 10 10 10

11 11 11 11

12 12 12 12

13 13 13 13

14 14 14 14

15 15 15 15

TARA: TARA: TARA: TARA:

Osservazioni sul sottovaglio:SOTTOVAGLIO (kg)

lordo tara separated

fractions

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THANKS YOU

FOR ATTENTION

Loro Francesco

https://it.linkedin.com/in/francescoloro

product analysis

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