producing green hydrogen – an insight from siemens · 2018. 5. 22. · oman solar forum muscat,...

Producing Green Hydrogen – An Insight from Siemens

Oman Solar ForumMuscat, May 2nd 2018

Claudia Vergueiro MasseiChief Executive OfficerSiemens Oman LLC

siemens.com/silyzer© Siemens AG 2018

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2018April 2018 Siemens Hydrogen SolutionsMay 2nd 2018 Twitter: @cvmasseiPage 2

To decarbonize the global economy by 2100, we need to takefurther measures to current renewable energy installations

467415

350304272

22218315012094

+20%

20162007 2011

296

225177

139102

714023159

+47%

20162007 2011

Global Wind Installations (GW)1

Global Solar PV Installations (GW)1

323232323130292929+1.4%

2007 20152011

Global CO2 Emissions (Gt)2

Renewables installation increase…… but CO2 emissions stagnate

Sources: 1) IRENA, Renewable Capacity Statistics 2017; 2) IEA

Renewables integration; Decarbonization of every industry; Changes in legislation


Utilizing hydrogen could be part of the solution, given its multi-functionality and employability in Industry, Mobility and Energy

Hydrogen for ammoniaproduction, petroleum refinement,metal production, flat glass, etc.

Hydrogen as alternative fuel or asfeedstock for synthetic fuels (e.g.methanol)

Hydrogen blending (gas grid)Remote energy supply/Off-grid

Photovoltaic

Wind power

Industry

Mobility

Energy

Exports for differentapplications

H2 generation

O2H2

Volatile electricitygeneration

Gridintegration Conversion/ storage Applications


Global H2 supply …

• Main share of production is captive (68%) 1), i.e., hydrogenproduced and consumed in-house for producing otherproducts

• Three main technologies to produce H2:

44 Mio t ofhydrogengloballyin 2016 4)

However, not all hydrogen production methods are carbon-free; infact, about 95% of its current production emits high levels of CO2

~50%

~45%

~5% Electrolysis & others 1)

• Utilize electricity to split water into hydrogenand oxygen

Source: 1) Freedonia; 2) Hydrogen Generators GIA; 3) Navigant; 4) CertifHY

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) 2)

• Synthesis from steam and natural gas,today most economic method

Coal gasification / partial oxidation• Produced as part of, e.g., chemical

processes in refineries

Electrolysis is a CO2 neutral production method for hydrogen


… meets global H2 demand

Hydrogen market is divided in three sectors with industrybeing by far largest one

Global H2 supply …

• Main share of production is captive (68%) 1), i.e., hydrogenproduced and consumed in-house for producing otherproducts

• Three main technologies to produce H2:

44 Mio t ofhydrogengloballyin 2016 4)

Moreover, there is a high concentration of industrial uses giventhe immaturity of mobility and energy applications

~50%

~45%

~5%

90%

9%

1%

Electrolysis & others 1)

• Utilize electricity to split water into hydrogenand oxygen

Mobility 3) 4)

• Expected growth by green H2• Penetration of fuel cell vehicles and

synfuels are key drivers

Energy 3) 4)

• Expected growth due to need for storage ofcurtailed renewables

Industry 4)

• Includes chemical, refineries, metalprocessing and others

• Expected growth due to CO2 emissionsregulations

Source: 1) Freedonia; 2) Hydrogen Generators GIA; 3) Navigant; 4) CertifHY

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) 2)

• Synthesis from steam and natural gas,today most economic method

Coal gasification / partial oxidation• Produced as part of, e.g., chemical

processes in refineries

Electrolysis is a CO2 neutral production method for hydrogen


O2

H2

• Electrodes are attached on both sides of the protonexchange membrane

• Proton exchange membrane is a polymer electrolyte

• Proton exchange membrane acts as separator toprevent mixing of the gas products and insulates theelectrodes

Electrolysis can be performed through alkaline electrolysers orthrough Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)

• Electrolyte solution produces mobile ions

• Electrical potential applied across electrodes

• Each electrode attracts ions of opposite charge.Positively charged ions (cations) move to electron-providing (negative) cathode. Negatively charged ions(anions) move to electron-extracting (positive) anode.Electrons flow through the external circuit.

ALKALINE ELECTROLYSER PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE


Why a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer system?

PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane

PEM is responsive and flexible

• Fast start-up /shut-down(direct coupling to renewable)

• Extended dynamic operatingrange (>=10%/second)

• Highest operational flexibility(5% - 100%)

• Black start capability



PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane; SMR = Steam Methane Reforming

PEM is clean by nature

• No CO2 emissions – unlike SMR,which emits 8-10 kg CO2 for each kgof hydrogen

• Highest hydrogen purity >99.9%• No aggressive chemical electrolyte

(e.g. KOH in alkaline systems)• Only water, hydrogen and oxygen in

the system








PEM is competitive

• Competitive hydrogen price per kgat green electricity prices below4 ct/kWh

• Small footprint (compared toalkaline systems)

• Maintenance-free stack andsignificantly lower OPEX (comparedto alkaline systems)

PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane; SMR = Steam Methane Reforming; OPEX = Operational Expenses

PEM is clean by nature

• No CO2 emissions – unlike SMR,which emits 8-10 kg CO2 for each kgof hydrogen

• Highest hydrogen purity >99.9%• No aggressive chemical electrolyte

(e.g. KOH in alkaline systems)• Only water, hydrogen and oxygen in

the system







A big concern related to hydrogen regards safety in its handling;however, data shows those are merely negative rumors

Hydrogen is a dangerousgas and very explosive

• Hydrogen is shipped since decades in large amounts by trucks and shipswithout critical incidents

Hydrogen is a very smallmolecule and materialdiffusion/ leaking is acritical issue

Fuel cell cars aredangerous because ofthe explosion potential ofthe compressedhydrogen tank

• Car manufactures undertake exhaustive crash and explosion tests of hydrogen tanksto ensure a top level of safety

• Steel pipes allow a proper handling of up to 1,000 bar without significantdiffusion/ leaking of hydrogen

Mythos Fact


Different storage technologies suit specific applications –Hydrogen is best for large scale and long term energy storage

1) such as Ammonia, Methanol or others; 2) Compressed Air Energy Storage; 3) Li-Ion, NaS, Lead Acid, etc.

Duration

Hydrogen & derived chemicals1)

Flywheel storage(< 1MW Flywheel, up to 100 MW Turbines)

Supercapacitor

Flow-Batteries Pumped

HydroCAES2)

Min

utes

Seco

nds

Hou

rsW

eeks

1 kWPower

100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1,000 MW

Batteries3)

Day

s

Technology

MechanicalElectrical

Electrochemical

ChemicalThermal

Hydrogen can bestored

cost-effectivelyon a large scale


Large scale is also relative and different storage techniques canbe employed depending on the desired power capacity

• Volume: 10 – 100 m³• Pressure: 18 – 40 bar• Costs: ~ 20 € / kWh th

• Regions without suitable geological conditions• Austenite steel stable against H2 embrittlement• Costs: ~ 2 € / kWh th

Steel vessels (MWh range) Connected pipeline gas tubes (GWh range) Salt caverns (TWh range)

• Size: 0.5 – 1 Mio m³• Depth: 600 – 2.000 m• Pressure: 60 – 200 bar• Costs: ~ 0.20 € / kWh th


Silyzer 200: a technical overview of the Siemens megawatt rangeelectrolyzer

20kgHydrogen production perhour

60kWhSpecific energyconsumption for 1 kghydrogen

5MWWorld’s largest operatingPEM electrolyzer system inHamburg, Germany

1.25MWRated stack capacity,peak power 2 MW


2018 – 2023+

The Silyzer portfolio scales up by factor 10 every 4-5 years, drivenby market demand and co-development with our customers

2011 – 2015

2015 – 2018

>2030

Silyzer 100100 – 300 kW

Lab-scale

Silyzer 300>10 MW class

Sales release April 2018

>1,000 MWFirst investigationsin cooperation withchemical industryNext generation

Silyzer >100 MWUnder development

Silyzer 2001 MW class

Silyzer portfolio roadmap

Reduction of H2 productioncost (€/kg H2)


The story will not end with the Silyzer 200 and Silyzer 300…… we are aiming at more than 100 MW

Steel Industry

2030

Europe Chemical Industry

India

2050

2025

Canada

Australia

Middle EastSunbelt South America

Energy exportvia Ammonia

FuelsFertilizer

RefineriesStorage Solutions

for Renewables

Mining

Process Industry2020

Favorable conditions forrenewable (cheap electricity)

Legislation and politicalsupporting clean hydrogen


Thank you!شكراsiemens.com/silyzer

producing green hydrogen – an insight from siemens · 2018. 5. 22. · oman solar forum muscat,...

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