producer responsibility for packaging...
TRANSCRIPT
Producer Responsibility for Packaging WastePolicy PaperOctober 2009
In partnership with
IFC Advisory Services in ECA
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3
Th
is P
oli
cy
Pa
pe
r
Into
du
cti
on
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7
Po
lic
y C
on
tex
t ....
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...8
Cur
rent
sta
tus
of p
acka
ging
was
te m
anag
emen
t in
th
e W
este
rn B
alka
ns ..
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.8W
hat i
s pr
oduc
er re
spon
sibi
lity?
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..12
Defi
nitio
ns ...
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13
Co
re P
oli
cy
Ac
tio
ns .
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.16
Rec
over
y an
d re
cycl
ing
targ
ets .
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....1
8R
epor
ting .
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....2
0D
efini
ng th
e ro
le o
f lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s ....
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..22
Pack
agin
g an
d pa
ckag
ing
was
te m
anag
emen
t pla
ns ...
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...25
Fina
ncin
g ....
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.26
Indu
stria
l and
com
mer
cial
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
......
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......
.29
Mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te ..
......
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...29
Pack
agin
g re
cove
ry o
rgan
izat
ions
......
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......
31C
ontr
acts
with
was
te m
anag
emen
t com
pani
es ...
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.....
32E
stab
lishi
ng in
fras
truc
ture
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33Pi
lot p
roje
cts .
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....3
6So
rtin
g ....
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38Pu
blic
Aw
aren
ess/
Com
mun
ity P
artic
ipat
ion.
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....4
0
Su
mm
ary
fo
r D
eci
sio
n T
ak
ers
......
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.42
Tabl
e of
Con
tent
s
© A
ll rig
hts
rese
rved
. No
part
of
this
pub
licat
ion
may
be
repr
oduc
ed, s
tore
d in
a re
trie
val s
yste
m, o
r tra
nsm
itted
, in
any
form
or b
y an
y m
eans
, ele
ctro
nic,
mec
hani
cal,
phot
ocop
ying
, rec
ordi
ng o
r oth
erw
ise,
for c
omm
erci
al p
urpo
ses
with
out t
he p
rior p
erm
issi
on o
f th
e In
tern
atio
nal F
inan
ce C
orpo
ratio
n.
Prep
ared
by:
Was
teaw
are
Phot
ogra
phy:
V
laho
Bra
ndzo
lica,
Mac
edon
ia (C
over
, pag
e 2-
3, 9
, 43)
Bilj
ana
Geo
rgie
vska
(pag
e 6)
Den
is O
barč
anin
(pag
e 41
)B
igSt
ockP
hoto
(pag
e 15
, 17,
18,
33,
39)
Des
ign:
Ale
ksan
dra
Mila
kovi
cPr
inte
d in
Bel
grad
e, S
erbi
a
Cop
yrig
ht ©
200
9 In
tern
atio
nal F
inan
ce C
orpo
ratio
n, 2
121
Penn
sylv
ania
Ave
. NW
, Was
hing
ton,
DC
204
33, U
nite
d St
ates
of
Am
eric
a,
A M
embe
r of
the
Wor
ld B
ank
Gro
up
This
polic
y pap
er is
pre
pare
d by
the f
ollow
ing a
utho
rs:
Nik
ola
Doy
chin
ovN
ikol
a st
arte
d hi
s car
eer w
orki
ng in
the
Bul
garia
n M
inis
try
of E
nviro
nmen
t and
Wat
er. D
urin
g th
at ti
me
he w
as in
volv
ed in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f na
tiona
l was
te m
anag
emen
t pol
icy
and
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
corn
erst
ones
for h
arm
oniz
atio
n of
the
Bul
garia
n le
gisl
atio
n w
ith re
leva
nt E
U re
gula
tions
, dire
ctiv
es a
nd d
ecis
ions
in th
e se
ctor
. Sin
ce th
en h
e ha
s be
en in
volv
ed in
the
esta
blis
h-m
ent o
f pr
oduc
er r
espo
nsib
ility
sch
emes
and
man
agem
ent o
f sp
ecifi
c w
aste
str
eam
s su
ch a
s pa
ckag
ing
was
te, w
aste
oils
and
sp
ent b
atte
ries.
He
supp
orte
d th
e cr
eatio
n an
d th
e st
reng
then
ing
of th
e la
rges
t pac
kagi
ng w
aste
reco
very
sch
eme
in B
ulga
ria.
Dou
g H
ickm
an, M
ScD
oug
is a
for
emos
t exp
ert i
n re
cycl
ing
and
was
te m
anag
emen
t, w
ith a
par
ticul
ar s
peci
alis
m in
gov
erna
nce,
pol
icy
and
inst
itu-
tiona
l asp
ects
. Dou
g ha
s re
ceiv
ed m
any
acco
lade
s th
roug
hout
his
car
eer,
and
this
is b
ecau
se h
is k
now
ledg
e is
bui
lt on
pra
ctic
al
expe
rienc
e. H
e ha
s m
any
year
s ex
perie
nce
esta
blis
hing
rec
yclin
g sc
hem
es a
t the
gro
und
leve
l. H
e w
as a
mem
ber
of th
e te
am
that
des
igne
d an
d im
plem
ente
d th
e or
igin
al B
lue
Box
recy
clin
g sc
hem
e, n
ow w
orki
ng a
cros
s N
orth
Am
eric
a an
d in
oth
er p
arts
of
the
wor
ld; a
nd h
as w
orke
d ex
tens
ivel
y on
inst
itutio
nal s
yste
ms
in E
aste
rn E
urop
e an
d el
sew
here
in th
e w
orld
.
An
dre
w W
hit
eman
And
y ha
s be
en w
orki
ng in
env
ironm
ent a
nd d
evel
opm
ent s
ince
199
0, a
nd f
ound
ed W
aste
awar
e in
199
7. H
is c
ore
expe
rtis
e is
in
pol
icy,
stra
tegy
and
pla
nnin
g, a
s w
ell a
s pr
epar
atio
n an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of d
evel
opm
ent p
rogr
amm
es. H
e co
-aut
hore
d th
e W
orld
Ban
k’s S
trat
egic
Pla
nnin
g G
uide
for M
unic
ipal
Was
te M
anag
emen
t, pi
onee
ring
part
icip
ator
y pl
anni
ng to
the
urba
n w
aste
m
anag
emen
t sec
tor.
And
y is
a p
assi
onat
e pr
omot
er a
nd fa
cilit
ator
of
deve
lopm
ent.
Step
hen
Bat
esSt
ephe
n is
the
Dire
ctor
of
Com
mun
icat
ions
at E
nviro
Com
ms,
a le
adin
g be
havi
oura
l cha
nge
cons
ulta
ncy
base
d in
the
UK
. He
is th
e st
rate
gic
arch
itect
beh
ind
som
e of
the
mos
t suc
cess
ful p
ublic
out
reac
h ca
mpa
igns
for
rec
yclin
g an
d w
aste
min
imis
atio
n ev
er to
run
in th
e U
K. S
teph
en h
as a
bac
kgro
und
in s
ocia
l mar
ketin
g an
d co
mm
erci
al a
dver
tisin
g an
d w
as v
oted
in 2
009
as o
ne
of th
e U
K’s
top
100
mos
t infl
uent
ial p
eopl
e w
orki
ng in
was
te.
Thi
s Po
licy
pape
r be
nefit
ed f
rom
the
rev
iew
and
inpu
t of
Val
entin
a Po
povs
ka, D
raga
n O
bren
ovic
, Em
ilija
n M
ohor
a, D
enis
O
barc
anin
, Ire
na G
ribiz
i, B
iljan
a G
eorg
ievs
ka, S
hpre
sa K
astr
ati,
Dra
gana
Rad
evic
and
Erw
in Ja
nda.
EU
E
urop
ean
Uni
onIF
C
Inte
rnat
iona
l Fin
ance
Cor
pora
tion
ISW
M
Inte
grat
ed S
olid
Was
te M
anag
emen
tPE
PSE
Pr
ivat
e E
nter
pris
e Pa
rtne
rshi
p fo
r Sou
thea
st E
urop
ePR
O
Pack
agin
g R
ecov
ery
Org
anis
atio
nPR
S Pr
oduc
er R
espo
nsib
ility
Sch
eme
RO
R
ecov
ery
Org
anis
atio
nE
PR
Ext
ende
d Pr
oduc
er R
espo
nsib
ility
Aut
hors
List
of A
cron
yms
and
Abb
revi
atio
ns
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
7
Th
is P
oli
cy
Pa
pe
r
Thi
s Po
licy
Pape
r is
prep
ared
by
Was
teaw
are
with
fina
ncia
l sup
port
from
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Fi
nanc
e C
orpo
ratio
n (I
FC) I
SWM
pro
gram
in
sou
thea
st E
urop
e, d
eliv
ered
thro
ugh
the
IFC
Adv
isor
y Se
rvic
es in
EC
A.
The
focu
s of
this
initi
ativ
e is
to fa
cilit
ate
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
inte
grat
ed s
olid
w
aste
man
agem
ent (
ISW
M) i
n th
e co
untr
ies:
Alb
ania
, Bos
nia-
Her
zego
vina
, Kos
ovo,
M
aced
onia
, Mon
tene
gro
and
Serb
ia.
The
Pol
icy
Pape
r con
cent
rate
s on
the
subj
ect
of p
rodu
cer r
espo
nsib
ility
for p
acka
ging
w
aste
.
By
natu
re o
f th
e as
sign
men
t tha
t gav
e bi
rth
to th
is P
olic
y Pa
per,
emph
asis
is p
lace
d on
th
e co
mm
unic
atio
n of
thos
e ex
perie
nces
fr
om im
plem
entin
g pa
ckag
ing
was
te
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms
in E
U m
embe
r sta
tes
whi
ch a
re o
f pa
rtic
ular
rele
vanc
e to
Wes
tern
B
alka
ns c
ount
ries.
The
mai
n ta
rget
s ar
e to
rela
te s
ome
spec
ific
expe
rienc
es to
pol
icy
mak
ers
and
to
cont
ribut
e to
info
rmed
pol
icy
mak
ing
in
thos
e co
untr
ies
whi
ch a
re ta
rget
ing
acce
ssio
n to
the
EU
. Alth
ough
the
Polic
y Pa
per i
s al
so re
leva
nt to
oth
er c
ount
ries
cons
ider
ing
impl
emen
tatio
n of
pro
duce
r res
pons
ibili
ty
syst
ems.
A s
erie
s of
wor
ksho
ps a
nd c
onsu
ltatio
ns
orga
nise
d an
d fin
ance
d by
IFC
wer
e he
ld
durin
g pr
epar
atio
n of
this
Pol
icy
Pape
r in
Skop
je, P
ristin
a, T
irana
, Pod
goric
a, S
araj
evo
and
Bel
grad
e. W
e w
ould
like
to th
ank
the
natio
nal a
utho
ritie
s fo
r hel
ping
to a
rran
ge
thes
e ev
ents
and
the
part
icip
ants
for t
heir
activ
e co
ntrib
utio
ns.
The
pur
pose
of
the
Polic
y Pa
per i
s to
:
Into
duct
ion
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
8
The
cou
ntrie
s of
the
Wes
tern
Bal
kans
hav
e al
l cho
sen
to h
arm
oniz
e th
eir n
atio
nal p
olic
ies
and
legi
slat
ion
with
tho
se o
f th
e E
U a
nd, i
n pa
rtic
ular
, to
take
the
nec
essa
ry m
easu
res
to
ensu
re th
at s
yste
ms
are
set u
p fo
r:
(a)
The
ret
urn
and/
or c
olle
ctio
n of
use
d pa
ckag
ing
and/
or p
acka
ging
was
te f
rom
the
co
nsum
er, o
ther
fina
l use
r, or
fro
m th
e w
aste
st
ream
in
orde
r to
cha
nnel
it
to t
he m
ost
appr
opria
te w
aste
man
agem
ent
alte
rnat
ives
; an
d(b
) The
reus
e or
reco
very
(inc
ludi
ng re
cycl
ing)
of
the
pac
kagi
ng a
nd/o
r pa
ckag
ing
was
te
colle
cted
.
Refl
ectin
g th
e pr
evai
ling
lega
l fr
amew
ork
in
the
EU
, th
ese
syst
ems
shal
l be
ope
n to
the
pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of t
he e
cono
mic
ope
rato
rs o
f th
e se
ctor
s con
cern
ed a
nd to
the
part
icip
atio
n of
the
com
pete
nt p
ublic
aut
horit
ies.
The
y m
ust
also
app
ly t
o im
port
ed p
rodu
cts
unde
r no
n-di
scrim
inat
ory
cond
ition
s, in
clud
ing
the
deta
iled
arra
ngem
ents
and
any
tarif
fs im
pose
d fo
r acc
ess t
o th
e sys
tem
s, an
d m
ust b
e des
igne
d so
as
to a
void
bar
riers
to
trad
e or
dis
tort
ions
of
com
petit
ion.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
10PR
OD
UCE
R RE
SPO
NSI
BILI
TY F
OR
PACK
AG
ING
WA
STE.
PO
LIC
Y PA
PER.
OC
TOBE
R 20
09
11
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
the
ext
ende
d pr
oduc
er r
e-sp
onsi
bilit
y (E
PR)
prin
cipl
e in
the
sam
e D
i-re
ctiv
e is
one
of
the
mea
ns to
sup
port
the
de-
sign
and
pro
duct
ion
of g
oods
whi
ch ta
ke in
to
full
acco
unt a
nd f
acili
tate
the
effic
ient
use
of
reso
urce
s du
ring
thei
r w
hole
life
cyc
le.
Thi
s in
clud
es t
heir
repa
ir, r
e-us
e, d
isas
sem
bly
and
recy
clin
g w
ithou
t co
mpr
omis
ing
the
free
cir-
cula
tion
of g
oods
on
the
inte
rnal
EU
mar
ket.
In
orde
r to
st
reng
then
pr
even
tion,
re
use,
re
cycl
ing
and
othe
r re
cove
ry o
f w
aste
, th
e M
embe
r St
ates
may
tak
e le
gisl
ativ
e or
non
-le
gisl
ativ
e m
easu
res
to e
nsur
e th
at a
ny n
atur
al
or le
gal p
erso
n w
ho p
rofe
ssio
nally
dev
elop
s, m
anuf
actu
res,
proc
esse
s, tr
eats
, se
lls
or
impo
rts
prod
ucts
(pr
oduc
er o
f th
e pr
oduc
t) ha
s ex
tend
ed p
rodu
cer
resp
onsi
bilit
y. Su
ch
mea
sure
s m
ay
incl
ude
an
acce
ptan
ce
of
retu
rned
pr
oduc
ts
and
of
the
was
te
that
re
mai
ns a
fter
thos
e pr
oduc
ts h
ave
been
use
d,
as w
ell a
s th
e su
bseq
uent
man
agem
ent o
f th
e w
aste
and
fina
ncia
l re
spon
sibi
lity
for
such
ac
tiviti
es.
Mem
ber S
tate
s may
take
appr
opria
te m
easu
res
to
enco
urag
e th
e de
sign
of
pr
oduc
ts
in
orde
r to
red
uce
thei
r en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
and
the
gene
ratio
n of
was
te i
n th
e co
urse
of t
he p
rodu
ctio
n an
d su
bseq
uent
use
of
prod
ucts
. Suc
h m
easu
res
may
enc
oura
ge, t
he
deve
lopm
ent,
prod
uctio
n an
d m
arke
ting
of
prod
ucts
tha
t ar
e su
itabl
e fo
r m
ultip
le u
se,
that
are
tech
nica
lly d
urab
le a
nd th
at a
re, a
fter
ha
ving
bec
ome
was
te, s
uita
ble
for p
rope
r and
sa
fe re
cove
ry a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tally
com
patib
le
disp
osal
.
Whe
n ap
plyi
ng e
xten
ded
prod
ucer
res
pons
i-bi
lity,
mem
ber s
tate
s sh
ould
take
into
acc
ount
th
e te
chni
cal f
easi
bilit
y an
d ec
onom
ic v
iabi
lity
and
the
over
all e
nviro
nmen
tal,
hum
an h
ealth
an
d so
cial
impa
cts,
resp
ectin
g th
e ne
ed to
en-
sure
the
pro
per
func
tioni
ng o
f th
e in
tern
al
mar
ket.
Mem
ber
Stat
es
may
de
cide
w
heth
er
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d co
sts
for
arra
ngin
g w
aste
m
anag
emen
t ar
e to
be
bo
rne
who
lly
by
the
prod
ucer
of
th
e pr
oduc
t or
w
heth
er
dist
ribut
ors
of p
rodu
cts
are
to s
hare
thi
s re
spon
sibi
lity.
The
E
urop
ean
Dire
ctiv
e 20
04/1
2/E
C
on
pack
agin
g an
d pa
ckag
ing
was
te r
equi
res
the
follo
win
g re
cycl
ing
and
reco
very
targ
ets
to b
e ac
hiev
ed b
y th
e en
d of
200
8:
• G
ener
al re
cove
ry a
nd re
cycl
ing
targ
ets
¸ 6
0%
as
a m
inim
um
by
wei
ght
of
pack
agin
g w
aste
sha
ll be
rec
over
ed o
r in
cine
rate
d at
was
te in
cine
ratio
n pl
ants
w
ith e
nerg
y re
cove
ry; a
nd¸ B
etw
een
55%
as
a m
inim
um a
nd 8
0%
as a
max
imum
by
wei
ght
of p
acka
ging
w
aste
sha
ll be
recy
cled
.
• T
he f
ollo
win
g m
inim
um r
ecyc
ling
targ
ets
for m
ater
ials
con
tain
ed in
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
sh
all b
e at
tain
ed:
¸ 6
0% b
y w
eigh
t for
gla
ss;
¸ 6
0% b
y w
eigh
t for
pap
er a
nd b
oard
;¸ 5
0% b
y w
eigh
t for
met
als;
¸ 2
2.5%
by
wei
ght
for
plas
tics,
coun
ting
excl
usiv
ely
mat
eria
l tha
t is r
ecyc
led
back
in
to p
last
ics;
and
¸ 1
5% b
y w
eigh
t for
woo
d.
Taki
ng in
to a
ccou
nt th
e sp
ecifi
c co
nditi
ons
in
the
new
Mem
ber
Stat
es,
tem
pora
ry d
erog
a-
tions
of
the r
ecyc
ling a
nd re
cove
ry ta
rget
s wer
e se
t as:
until
not
late
r tha
n 20
12 fo
r Cyp
rus,
the
Cze
ch R
epub
lic, E
ston
ia, H
unga
ry, L
ithua
nia,
Sl
ovak
ia a
nd S
love
nia;
201
3 fo
r M
alta
; 20
14
for
Bul
garia
and
Pol
and
and
2015
for
Lat
via
and
Rom
ania
.
The
qua
ntita
tive
recy
clin
g ta
rget
s ar
e fu
rthe
r ex
tend
ed a
nd n
ot o
nly
limite
d to
pac
kagi
ng
was
te in
the
new
Was
te F
ram
ewor
k D
irect
ive1 .
The
Dire
ctiv
e re
quire
s th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
fo
llow
ing:
• B
y 20
15 s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n to
be
set
up
for
at l
east
the
fol
low
ing:
pap
er,
met
al,
plas
tic a
nd g
lass
.
• B
y 20
20. I
ncre
ase
of ta
rget
s to
a min
imum
of
50%
by
wei
ght f
or re
-use
and
recy
clin
g of
was
te m
ater
ials
incl
udin
g pa
per,
met
al,
plas
tic a
nd g
lass
fro
m h
ouse
hold
s an
d po
ssib
ly fr
om o
ther
orig
ins
as fa
r as
thes
e w
aste
str
eam
s ar
e si
mila
r to
was
te f
rom
ho
useh
olds
.
1 D
irect
ive
2008
/98/
EC
of
the
Eur
opea
n Pa
rliam
ent a
nd o
f th
e C
ounc
il on
Was
te
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
12PR
OD
UCE
R RE
SPO
NSI
BILI
TY F
OR
PACK
AG
ING
WA
STE.
PO
LIC
Y PA
PER.
OC
TOBE
R 20
09
13
• C
olle
ctiv
e pro
duce
r res
pons
ibili
ty sc
hem
es
to d
eal
with
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
on
beha
lf
of t
he i
ndus
try
are
defin
ed i
n th
e dr
aft
legi
slat
ion.
• D
iffer
ent r
equi
rem
ents
are
set f
or m
unic
i-pa
l (h
ouse
hold
) pa
ckag
ing
and
for
non-
mun
icip
al (
indu
stria
l, co
mm
erci
al)
pack
-ag
ing2 .
• M
ost
of
the
coun
trie
s ha
ve
spec
ified
th
at t
he l
ocal
aut
horit
ies
(mun
icip
aliti
es)
shal
l be
res
pons
ible
for
org
aniz
ing
the
colle
ctio
n of
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te.
• T
here
are
no
clea
r ru
les
on h
ow t
he
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te c
olle
ctio
n w
ill
be fi
nanc
ed a
nd w
hat
the
rela
tion
will
be
bet
wee
n th
e pr
oduc
er r
espo
nsib
ility
or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd th
e m
unic
ipal
ities
. •
The
re a
re n
o se
para
te c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
s fo
r ho
useh
old
pack
agin
g cu
rren
tly
in
plac
e.
2 A
ccor
ding
to th
e dr
aft r
egul
atio
ns o
f A
lban
ia, M
aced
onia
, Ser
bia.
The
fo
llow
ing
defin
ition
s ar
e im
port
ant
with
in t
he c
onte
xt o
f th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
the
pa
ckag
ing
was
te m
anag
emen
t sy
stem
, w
hich
is
har
mon
ized
with
the
EU
3 req
uire
men
ts.
• Pa
ckag
ing:
all
prod
ucts
mad
e of
any
ma-
teria
ls o
f an
y na
ture
to
be u
sed
for
the
cont
ainm
ent,
prot
ectio
n, h
andl
ing,
del
iv-
ery
and
pres
enta
tion
of g
oods
, fro
m r
aw
mat
eria
ls t
o pr
oces
sed
good
s, fr
om t
he
prod
ucer
to th
e us
er o
r the
con
sum
er.
• Sa
les p
acka
ging o
r prim
ary p
acka
ging:
pack
ag-
ing
conc
eive
d so
as
to c
onst
itute
a s
ales
un
it to
the
fina
l use
r or
con
sum
er a
t th
e po
int o
f pu
rcha
se.
• G
roup
ed
pack
agin
g or
sec
onda
ry
pack
agin
g: pa
ckag
ing
conc
eive
d so
as
to c
onst
itute
at
the
poi
nt o
f pu
rcha
se a
gro
upin
g of
a
cert
ain
num
ber o
f sa
les
units
whe
ther
the
latte
r is
sol
d as
suc
h to
the
fina
l us
er o
r co
nsum
er, o
r w
heth
er it
ser
ves
only
as
a m
eans
to re
plen
ish
the
shel
ves a
t the
poi
nt
of sa
le; i
t can
be r
emov
ed fr
om th
e pro
duct
w
ithou
t aff
ectin
g its
cha
ract
eris
tics.
3 T
hese
defi
nitio
ns a
re b
ased
on
the
EU
defi
nitio
ns b
ut h
ave
been
sim
plifi
ed
for t
he p
urpo
se o
f th
is d
ocum
ent.
The
lega
l wor
ding
of
thes
e defin
ition
s m
ay b
e fo
und
in E
U D
irect
ive
2004
/12/
EC
.
Prod
ucer
Res
pons
ibili
ty (o
r EPR
) sch
emes
are
co
nsid
ered
as a
maj
or im
plem
enta
tion
tool
for
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a p
acka
ging
was
te c
ol-
lect
ion
and
recy
clin
g sy
stem
to
guar
ante
e th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
targ
ets.
“Pro
duce
r R
espo
nsib
ility
Sch
emes
” (P
RS)
in
the fie
ld o
f pa
ckag
ing
and
pack
agin
g w
aste
m
ay b
e defin
ed a
s:
‘Man
ufac
ture
rs, d
istrib
utor
s an
d im
porte
rs
of
pack
agin
g an
d pa
cked
go
ods
bein
g re
spon
sible
for th
e co
llecti
on a
nd r
ecove
ry o
f th
eir re
sulti
ng p
acka
ging w
aste.
’
The
es
tabl
ishm
ent
of
PRS
for
pack
agin
g w
aste
has
the
follo
win
g m
ain
obje
ctiv
es:
• To
gua
rant
ee a
chie
vem
ent o
f th
e re
cycl
ing
and
reco
very
tar
gets
defi
ned
in n
atio
nal
polic
y/le
gisl
atio
n.•
To p
rovi
de a
dditi
onal
fina
ncia
l str
eam
and
in
cent
ives
for
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion,
sor
ting
and
recy
clin
g.•
To a
void
tem
pora
ry i
nter
rupt
ions
in
the
colle
ctio
n pr
oces
ses
in c
ase
of n
egat
ive
tren
ds in
recy
clab
le w
aste
pric
es.
• To
inc
orpo
rate
was
te p
reve
ntio
n, r
euse
an
d re
cycl
ing
issu
es in
to p
rodu
ct d
esig
n.
All
coun
trie
s in
the
Wes
tern
Bal
kans
reg
ion
have
sta
rted
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f na
tiona
l leg
-is
latio
n in
the
fiel
d of
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
man
-ag
emen
t. A
t th
e tim
e of
writ
ing
this
Pol
icy
Pape
r, th
e fo
llow
ing
sum
mar
ises
the
pre
sent
si
tuat
ion:
• D
raft
s of
nat
iona
l le
gisl
atio
n ha
d be
en
prep
ared
fo
r th
e tr
ansp
ositi
on
of
Dire
ctiv
e 20
04/1
2/E
C o
n th
e Pa
ckag
ing
and
Pack
agin
g W
aste
Dire
ctiv
e.•
No fin
al d
ecis
ion
had
yet
been
mad
e ab
out
the
dead
lines
fo
r ac
hiev
ing
the
recy
clin
g an
d re
cove
ry ta
rget
s sp
ecifi
ed in
th
e D
irect
ive.
• T
here
is c
urre
ntly
no
clea
r vi
ew h
ow t
he
achi
evem
ent o
f th
e re
cycl
ing
and
reco
very
ta
rget
s w
ill b
e te
chni
cally
im
plem
ente
d as
no
pilo
t pr
ojec
ts h
ave
been
ini
tiate
d,
impl
emen
ted
and
mon
itore
d.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
14PR
OD
UCE
R RE
SPO
NSI
BILI
TY F
OR
PACK
AG
ING
WA
STE.
PO
LIC
Y PA
PER.
OC
TOBE
R 20
09
15
.•
Tran
spor
t pa
ckag
ing
or
tertia
ry
pack
agin
g: pa
ckag
ing
conc
eive
d so
as
to f
acili
tate
ha
ndlin
g an
d tr
ansp
ort
of a
num
ber
of
sale
s un
its o
r gr
oupe
d pa
ckag
ing
in o
rder
to
pre
vent
phy
sica
l han
dlin
g an
d tr
ansp
ort
dam
age.
• E
cono
mic
oper
ator
s: su
pplie
rs o
f pa
ckag
ing
mat
eria
ls,
pack
agin
g pr
oduc
ers
and
conv
erte
rs, fil
lers
and
use
rs,
impo
rter
s, tr
ader
s an
d di
strib
utor
s, au
thor
ities
and
st
atut
ory
orga
niza
tions
.
Add
ition
ally
the
fol
low
ing
defin
ition
s ne
ed
to b
e in
trod
uced
for
the
pur
pose
of
bette
r un
ders
tand
ing
the
pres
ent d
ocum
ent.
• Pr
oduc
er R
espon
sibili
ty O
rgan
izat
ion o
r R
ecov-
ery
Org
aniz
ation
: a
com
mer
cial
com
pany
es
tabl
ishe
d fo
r th
e pu
rpos
e of
ach
ievi
ng
pack
agin
g w
aste
rec
over
y an
d re
cycl
ing
targ
ets
on b
ehal
f of
the
oblig
ed e
cono
m-
ic o
pera
tors
.•
Mun
icipa
l (h
ouseh
old)
pack
agin
g wa
ste:
pack
-ag
ing
was
te g
ener
ated
at
hous
ehol
ds a
nd
sim
ilar
was
te g
ener
ated
by
indu
stry
and
co
mm
erce
.•
Non
mun
icipa
l (in
dustr
ial,
com
mer
cial)
pack
-ag
ing
waste
: pa
ckag
ing
was
te g
ener
ated
at
indu
stry
and
com
mer
ce, w
hich
can
not b
e co
nsid
ered
as
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te.
• Pr
oduc
er o
f pa
ckag
ing
mat
eria
ls: is
an
entit
y, w
hich
in a
gree
men
t w
ith t
he r
egul
atio
ns,
prod
uces
and
mar
kets
pac
kagi
ng m
ater
ial
as it
s ec
onom
ic a
ctiv
ity.
• Im
porte
r: is
an
entit
y, w
hich
in a
gree
men
t w
ith t
he r
egul
atio
ns,
impo
rts
pack
aged
go
ods f
or th
e pu
rpos
e of
mar
ketin
g, a
s its
ec
onom
ic a
ctiv
ity.
• Pr
oduc
er (p
acke
r, fil
ler):
is a
n en
tity,
whi
ch in
ag
reem
ent
with
the
reg
ulat
ions
, pac
kage
s go
ods
or fi
lls g
oods
in a
pac
kagi
ng a
s its
ec
onom
ic a
ctiv
ity.
• R
etaile
r: i
s an
ent
ity,
whi
ch i
n ag
reem
ent
with
th
e re
gula
tions
, pe
rfor
ms
trad
ing
activ
ity a
nd p
rocu
res
pack
agin
g m
ater
ials,
pa
ckag
ing
and
pack
aged
goo
ds f
or t
he
purp
ose
of s
ellin
g it
to th
e en
d us
er.
• Fi
nal
supp
lier:
is
an e
ntity
tha
t su
pplie
s pa
ckag
ing
or p
acka
ged
good
s di
rect
ly t
o th
e en
d us
er,
rega
rdle
ss o
f w
heth
er t
he
entit
y is
at
the
sam
e tim
e th
e pr
oduc
er,
impo
rter
, pac
ker o
r ret
aile
r.•
End
user
is
a co
nsum
er,
who
bec
ause
of
its fi
nal u
se o
r co
nsum
ptio
n of
pac
kage
d go
ods,
sepa
rate
s th
e go
ods
or e
mpt
ies
them
and
, in
that
way
, cre
ates
pac
kagi
ng
was
te; a
nd re
taile
r, w
ho b
ecau
se o
f fu
rthe
r us
e of
good
s, se
para
tes t
he p
acka
ging
from
th
e go
ods
or e
mpt
ies
it an
d in
tha
t w
ay
crea
tes
tran
spor
t or
sec
onda
ry p
acka
ging
w
aste
.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
16PR
OD
UCE
R RE
SPO
NSI
BILI
TY F
OR
PACK
AG
ING
WA
STE.
PO
LIC
Y PA
PER.
OC
TOBE
R 20
09
17
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Wes
tern
Bal
kan
coun
trie
s ha
ve s
tart
ed t
he
proc
ess
of t
rans
posi
ng t
he r
equi
rem
ents
of
the
Dire
ctiv
e 20
04/1
2/E
C in
to t
heir
natio
n-al
leg
isla
tions
thr
ough
the
dev
elop
men
t an
d ad
optio
n of
rel
evan
t Law
s, de
cree
s an
d re
gu-
latio
ns in
the
fiel
d of
pac
kagi
ng a
nd p
acka
g-in
g w
aste
.
The
new
dev
elop
ed l
egis
latio
n ne
eds
to b
e su
ppor
ted
by a
dditi
onal
pol
icy
and
inst
itu-
tiona
l ac
tions
and
mea
sure
s in
ord
er t
o es
-ta
blis
h th
e ne
cess
ary
colle
ctio
n, s
ortin
g an
d re
cycl
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd t
o gu
aran
tee
its
impl
emen
tatio
n an
d en
forc
emen
t. A
s mos
t of
the
diff
eren
t act
ions
and
mea
sure
s are
inte
rre-
late
d, t
hey
shou
ld b
e pl
anne
d, o
rgan
ised
and
im
plem
ente
d in
a c
oord
inat
ed m
anne
r. C
ore
Polic
y ac
tions
are
pre
sent
ed b
elow
.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
18
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
19
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Obj
ectiv
e: D
efine
the q
uant
itativ
e tar
gets
for
pack
agin
g was
te re
cycli
ng a
nd re
cove
ry, t
he ti
me
sched
ule f
or th
eir a
chiev
emen
t and
the r
espon
sibili
ties
of d
iffer
ent s
take
hold
ers
Key
actio
ns at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els i
nclu
de:
• D
efini
ng th
e re
cove
ry an
d re
cycl
ing
targ
ets
appl
icab
le to
war
ds th
e di
ffer
ent p
acka
ging
m
ater
ials
and
pac
kagi
ng in
gen
eral
and
the
time
perio
ds f
or t
heir
achi
evem
ent.
The
ta
rget
s sh
ould
be
real
istic
and
tec
hnic
ally
ac
hiev
able
, ta
king
int
o ac
coun
t th
e cu
r-re
nt l
evel
s of
rec
yclin
g, i
mpl
emen
tatio
n co
sts,
etc.
• Se
t up
inte
rmed
iate
rec
yclin
g an
d re
cov-
ery
targ
ets
for
the
perio
d be
twee
n th
e en
terin
g in
to fo
rce
of n
ew le
gisl
atio
n an
d th
e fir
st ta
rget
yea
r.
• D
efine
the
eco
nom
ic o
pera
tors
res
pon-
sibl
e fo
r ac
hiev
ing
the
targ
ets.
The
re-
spon
sibi
litie
s of
di
ffer
ent
stak
ehol
ders
su
ch a
s pr
oduc
ers
of p
acka
ging
mat
eri-
als
and
empt
y pa
ckag
ing,
pro
duce
rs a
nd
impo
rter
s of
pac
ked
good
s (p
acke
rs a
nd
fille
rs),
dist
ribut
ors,
reta
ilers
, et
c sh
ould
be
spe
cifie
d. T
he c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e re
-qu
irem
ents
nee
ds to
be
chec
ked
easi
ly a
nd
any
over
lapp
ing
of o
blig
atio
ns a
nd d
utie
s sh
ould
be
avoi
ded.
Rec
over
y an
d r
ecyc
ling
targ
ets
in B
ulg
aria
The
Rep
ublic
of
Bul
garia
agr
eed
a tr
ansi
tiona
l per
iod
for t
he a
chie
vem
ent o
f re
cycl
ing
and
reco
very
targ
ets
by 2
014.
The
pro
duce
rs a
nd im
port
ers
of p
acka
ged
good
s on
the
Bul
garia
n m
arke
t are
sol
ely
resp
onsi
ble
for t
he a
chie
vem
ent o
f re
cycl
ing
and
reco
very
targ
ets
for p
acka
ging
was
te. T
he o
ther
eco
nom
ic o
pera
tors
, su
ch a
s pr
oduc
ers
and
impo
rter
s of
pac
kagi
ng m
ater
ials
or e
mpt
y pa
ckag
ing,
dis
trib
utor
s an
d re
taile
rs, h
ave
no s
pecific
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
take
bac
k or
sup
port
the
achi
evem
ent o
f re
cycl
ing
and
reco
very
targ
ets.
Ann
ual
reco
very
and
recy
clin
g ta
rget
s fo
r 200
4 –
2014
wer
e defin
ed in
the
Bul
garia
n W
aste
Man
agem
ent A
ct. D
urin
g th
e fir
st tw
o ye
ars
of im
plem
enta
tion
only
gen
eral
reco
very
targ
ets
wer
e defin
ed.
Cor
e Acti
onR
ecove
ry a
nd re
cycli
ng ta
rgets
for d
iffer
ent p
acka
ging m
ater
ials
and
pack
agin
g in
gene
ral,
and
the t
ime p
eriod
s for
their
ach
ievem
ent,
need
to b
e rea
listic
. Pro
vide s
ome fl
exib
ility
to th
e ind
ustr
y in
choo
sing
an a
ppro
pria
te set
of
pack
agin
g m
ater
ials
to b
e coll
ected
an
d so
rted.
Ta
ble
1:
TA
RG
ET
S2
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
12
01
22
01
32
01
4
RE
CO
VE
RY
25
%3
5%
39
%4
2%
46
%4
8%
50
%5
3%
56
%6
0%
RE
CY
CL
ING
34
%3
8%
42
%4
5%
47
%4
9%
52
&5
4,9
%5
5%
Plac
tics
8%12
%14
,5%
17%
19%
20%
22%
22,5
%22
,5%
Gla
ss26
%33
%40
%46
%51
%55
%59
,6%
60%
60%
15%
15%
60%
60%
60%
60%
60%
60%
60%
Met
als
15%
15%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
20
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
21
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Obj
ectiv
e: To
pro
vide r
eliab
le da
ta a
bout
pac
kagin
g co
nsum
ption
and
pac
kagin
g was
te tre
atm
ent a
t na
tiona
l lev
el
Key
actio
ns at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els i
nclu
de:
• T
he c
ompe
tenc
es b
etw
een
inst
itutio
ns r
e-ga
rdin
g th
e re
port
ing
of d
ata
rela
ted
to
pack
agin
g an
d pa
ckag
ing
was
te a
t na
tiona
l le
vel t
o E
U (E
URO
STA
T, E
urop
ean
Env
i-ro
nmen
tal A
genc
y an
d E
urop
ean
Com
mis-
sion)
sho
uld
be d
efine
d, a
nd a
dequ
ate
ad-
min
istra
tive
capa
city
nee
ds t
o be
pro
vide
d.
Goo
d co
ordi
natio
n be
twee
n th
e na
tiona
l st
atist
ical
in
stitu
tions
, cu
stom
s ag
enci
es,
min
istrie
s of
fin
ance
, ec
onom
y/in
dust
ry
and
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
tect
ion
auth
oriti
es is
ne
eded
.
• Si
mpl
e an
d cl
ear r
egist
ratio
n/re
port
ing
pro-
cedu
res
need
to
be e
stab
lishe
d. R
epor
ting
tem
plat
es s
houl
d be
defi
ned
care
fully
and
, if
pos
sible
, re
port
ing
in e
lect
roni
c fo
rmat
sh
ould
be
inco
rpor
ated
from
the
begi
nnin
g.
• C
ompa
nies
pla
cing
pac
kage
d go
ods
on th
e m
arke
t sh
ould
be
resp
onsib
le f
or t
he c
al-
cula
tion
and
docu
men
tatio
n of
pac
kagi
ng
amou
nts.
The
doc
umen
tatio
n re
quire
men
ts
shou
ld b
e ba
sed
on th
e av
aila
ble
acco
untin
g pr
oced
ures
in o
rder
to
avoi
d un
reas
onab
le
burd
en o
n th
e in
dust
ry. T
he d
ocum
enta
tion
shou
ld b
e ke
pt f
or a
uditi
ng b
y th
e co
mpe
-te
nt a
utho
ritie
s.
• T
he r
epor
ting
syst
em s
houl
d be
orie
nted
m
ainl
y to
la
rge
prod
ucer
s/im
port
ers
of
pack
aged
goo
ds, a
nd th
e pr
oduc
er r
espo
n-sib
ility
org
aniz
atio
ns, i
n or
der
to g
uara
ntee
th
at a
t le
ast
90%
of
the
pack
agin
g pl
aced
on
the
mar
ket i
s rep
orte
d. E
xten
ding
the
re-
port
ing
requ
irem
ents
to a
ll co
mpa
nies
pla
c-in
g pa
ckag
ed g
oods
on
the
mar
ket
will
re-
quire
add
ition
al a
dmin
istra
tive
capa
city
for
th
e pr
oces
sing
and
verifi
catio
n of
col
lect
ed
data
.
• T
he re
port
ing
of co
mpa
nies
colle
ctin
g, so
rt-
ing
and
recy
clin
g pa
ckag
ing
was
te s
houl
d be
in
conf
orm
ity w
ith g
ener
al r
epor
ting
requ
irem
ents
in th
e w
aste
man
agem
ent s
ec-
tor.
• A
ppro
pria
te
enfo
rcem
ent
mec
hani
sms
shou
ld b
e es
tabl
ished
in o
rder
to g
uara
ntee
th
at al
l obl
iged
com
pani
es m
eet t
he re
port
ing
requ
irem
ents.
Col
lect
ion
an
d r
epor
tin
g of
dat
a
It is
ess
entia
l to
put i
n pl
ace
appr
opria
te in
form
atio
n an
d re
port
ing
syst
ems,
incl
. rep
ortin
g te
mpl
ates
and
pr
oced
ures
, ava
ilabi
lity
of tr
aine
d st
aff
to p
roce
ss th
e co
llect
ed d
ata,
dev
elop
ed s
peci
aliz
ed s
oftw
are,
etc
.
Dep
endi
ng o
n ho
w th
e re
port
ing
requ
irem
ents
are
form
ulat
ed a
nd h
ow d
iffer
ent s
take
hold
ers
are
defin
ed,
the
repo
rtin
g ob
ligat
ions
will
cov
er a
larg
e nu
mbe
r of
com
pani
es. C
onse
quen
tly, t
here
is a
ser
ious
risk
that
a
larg
e nu
mbe
r of
com
pani
es w
ill n
ot p
rovi
de d
ata
and/
or fo
r the
ove
rlapp
ing
of th
e re
port
ed a
mou
nts
of
pack
agin
g.
Lack
of
com
mun
icat
ion
to th
e ob
ligat
ed c
ompa
nies
and
app
ropr
iate
enf
orce
men
t mea
sure
s ca
n ca
use
diffi
culti
es, e
spec
ially
dur
ing
the fir
st y
ears
of
impl
emen
tatio
n.
Cor
e Acti
onE
nsur
e sim
ple a
nd cl
ear r
epor
ting r
equi
rem
ents.
Do n
ot a
sk fo
r dat
a or
infor
mat
ion th
at is
not
easil
y ava
ilabl
e or w
ill n
ot b
e used
for
a sp
ecific
pur
pose
or w
ill b
e diffi
cult
to p
roces
s or a
udit.
• A
ll re
port
ing
requ
irem
ents
sho
uld
be c
om-
mun
icat
ed a
nd e
xpla
ined
in a
n ap
prop
riate
w
ay to
the
indu
stry
.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
22
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
23
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Defi
nin
g th
e re
spec
tive
rol
es o
f M
un
icip
alit
ies
and
In
du
stry
In m
ost c
ount
ries,
loca
l aut
horit
ies
are
resp
onsi
ble
for m
unic
ipal
was
te m
anag
emen
t. H
owev
er, m
unic
ipal
ities
ar
e of
ten
not r
espo
nsib
le fo
r col
lect
ing
the
com
mer
cial
& in
dust
rial w
aste
str
eam
. In
the fie
ld o
f pa
ckag
ing
was
te m
anag
emen
t, re
quire
men
ts fo
r mun
icip
al a
nd n
on-m
unic
ipal
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
col
lect
ion
are
typi
cally
defin
ed s
epar
atel
y.
Cor
e Acti
onIn
itiat
e a
discu
ssion
betw
een i
ndus
try
and
mun
icipa
lities
in
orde
r to
ach
ieve
an a
greem
ent
on s
harin
g th
e re
spon
sibili
ties
for
orga
nisin
g the
sepa
rate
colle
ction
and
sorti
ng o
f pa
ckag
ing w
aste
from
mun
icipa
l and
com
mer
cial &
indu
stria
l sou
rces.
Obj
ectiv
e: To
pro
vide a
clea
r leg
al fr
amew
ork
and
prac
tical
guid
ance
for th
e coo
pera
tion
betw
een
indu
stry a
nd lo
cal a
utho
rities
in se
tting
up
sepa
rate
colle
ction
syste
ms f
or p
acka
ging w
aste
Key
actio
ns at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els i
nclu
de:
• T
he r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s of
mun
icip
aliti
es in
or-
gani
zing
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion
and
sort
ing
in
thei
r te
rrito
ries
need
s to
be
clea
rly d
efine
d.
In p
ract
ice
ther
e ar
e tw
o m
ajor
mod
els
for
coop
erat
ion
betw
een
mun
icip
aliti
es
and
pack
agin
g w
aste
reco
very
org
aniz
atio
ns (s
ee
figur
e an
d ex
plan
atio
ns b
elow
).
• Le
gisla
tion
shou
ld p
rovi
de a
cle
ar f
ram
e-w
ork
defin
ing
how
the
cost
rela
ted
to p
ack-
agin
g w
aste
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing
will
be
finan
ced,
incl
udin
g th
e co
ntra
ctua
l rel
atio
ns
betw
een
the
diff
eren
t sta
keho
lder
s (m
unic
i-pa
litie
s, pr
oduc
er r
espo
nsib
ility
org
aniz
a-tio
ns a
nd w
aste
man
agem
ent c
ompa
nies
).
• N
atio
nal p
lans
sho
uld
prov
ide
a tim
e fr
ame
for t
he p
rovi
sion
of s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n sy
s-te
ms f
or p
acka
ging
was
te to
the g
ener
al p
op-
ulat
ion.
Dec
ision
s nee
d to
be
mad
e w
heth
er
the s
epar
ate c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
shal
l cov
er th
e w
hole
nat
iona
l ter
ritor
y or
giv
e pr
iorit
y on
ly
to la
rge s
ettle
men
ts an
d ar
eas w
ith h
igh
pop-
ulat
ion
dens
ity.
The
nat
iona
l pl
ans
shou
ld
prov
ide i
ndic
ativ
e dea
dlin
es in
term
s of n
um-
ber o
f re
siden
ts se
rved
per
yea
r and
/or m
u-ni
cipa
l pac
kagi
ng w
aste
am
ount
s co
llect
ed.
• Pl
anni
ng o
f pa
ckag
ing
was
te m
anag
emen
t sh
ould
also
tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt p
ossib
ilitie
s fo
r or
gani
zing
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion
and
sort
-in
g on
a re
gion
al b
asis.
• E
stab
lishm
ent
of a
nat
iona
l str
uctu
re (
e.g.
a Pa
ckag
ing
Cou
ncil)
as
a m
onito
ring
body
, in
clud
ing
repr
esen
tativ
es o
f di
ffer
ent s
take
-ho
lder
s, ca
n su
ppor
t co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d co
nsen
sus
betw
een
mun
icip
aliti
es a
nd i
n-du
stry
in o
rgan
ising
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion
and
achi
evin
g na
tiona
l tar
gets.
Fig
ure
1: RE
COVE
RYO
RGA
NIS
ATIO
N
COLL
ECTI
ON
SORT
ING
SUBC
ON
TRA
CTO
RS
MU
NIC
IPA
LITI
ES
REC
YCLE
RS
Alt
ern
ati
ve
1:
RECO
VERY
ORG
AN
ISAT
ION
COLL
ECTI
ON
SORT
ING
CO
MPA
NIE
S
SUBC
ON
TRA
CTO
RS
MU
NIC
IPA
LITI
ES
REC
YCLE
RS
Alt
ern
ati
ve
2:
• Pa
ckag
ing
was
te m
anag
emen
t iss
ues
shou
ld
also
be
inco
rpor
ated
int
o th
e m
unic
ipal
w
aste
man
agem
ent p
lans
and
regu
latio
ns.
• A
n ap
prop
riate
tra
inin
g pr
ogra
mm
e or
i-en
ted
to m
unic
ipal
ities
and
com
mun
al c
om-
pani
es n
eeds
to b
e im
plem
ente
d at
nat
iona
l le
vel.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
24
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
25
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Alte
rnat
ive
1
With
in t
his
Alte
rnat
ive
the
mun
icip
aliti
es a
re
entir
ely
resp
onsib
le f
or o
rgan
izin
g se
para
te
colle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g of
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
w
aste
in th
eir t
errit
orie
s. Fo
r thi
s pu
rpos
e th
ey
cont
ract
the
ser
vice
s to
mun
icip
al c
omm
unal
co
mpa
nies
or
priv
ate
oper
ator
s. In
ord
er t
o gu
aran
tee
the
sust
aina
bilit
y of
the
sys
tem
ad-
ditio
nal c
ontr
acts
are
sig
ned
betw
een
the
Re-
cove
ry O
rgan
izat
ion
(RO
) an
d m
unic
ipal
ities
. T
hrou
gh th
ese
cont
ract
s th
e R
O p
rovi
des
the
follo
win
g su
ppor
t to
the
mun
icip
aliti
es:
• G
rant
ing
of f
unds
to
the
mun
icip
aliti
es,
prop
ortio
nal t
o th
e am
ount
of
sepa
rate
ly
colle
cted
an
d so
rted
pa
ckag
ing
was
te,
whi
ch w
ill c
ompe
nsat
e th
e co
sts
rela
ted
to th
ese
activ
ities
.•
Gua
rant
ees f
or b
uyin
g bac
k an
d pr
oces
sing
of
the
sepa
rate
ly c
olle
cted
was
te.
• Pa
rtic
ipat
ion
in t
he fi
nanc
ing
of p
ublic
aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
ns.
• Pr
ovis
ion
of fin
anci
ng
and
tech
nica
l as
sist
ance
du
ring
the
man
agem
ent
of
pilo
t pro
ject
s.
The
fin
anci
ng
prov
ided
fr
om
the
RO
to
th
e m
unic
ipal
ity c
an c
over
the
ful
l co
sts
for
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing
or o
nly
part
of
them
bas
ed o
n ag
reem
ent.
Alte
rnat
ive
2
In th
e se
cond
alte
rnat
ive
the
RO
is re
spon
sibl
e fo
r or
gani
sing
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion.
For
thi
s pu
rpos
e th
e R
O s
igns
a g
ener
al c
ontr
act w
ith
the
mun
icip
ality
. T
he c
ontr
act
prov
ides
the
rig
ht fo
r the
RO
to o
rgan
ize s
epar
ate c
olle
ctio
n on
the
ter
ritor
y of
the
mun
icip
ality
. Ser
vice
s ar
e co
ntra
cted
dire
ctly
from
the
RO
to p
rivat
e op
erat
ors
usua
lly b
ased
on
tend
er. M
unic
ipal
co
mpa
nies
are
als
o al
low
ed t
o pa
rtic
ipat
e in
th
e te
nder
.
The
mun
icip
ality
is
not
dire
ctly
inv
olve
d in
or
gani
zing
and
con
trac
ting
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
but
take
s a
role
in p
lann
ing
the
sepa
rate
col
-le
ctio
n sy
stem
and
con
trol
ove
r th
e op
erat
ors
and
was
te h
olde
rs. A
s th
ere
is n
o di
rect
pay
-m
ent
from
the
mun
icip
ality
to
was
te c
olle
c-tio
n an
d so
rtin
g co
mpa
nies
it is
ass
umed
that
th
e R
O c
over
s th
e fu
ll co
sts
of th
e sy
stem
.
Obj
ectiv
e: To
defi
ne th
e fra
mew
ork
for p
acka
ging
waste
man
agem
ent o
ver a
long
tim
e per
iod
Key
act
ions
at n
atio
nal a
nd lo
cal l
evel
s inc
lude
th
e fo
llow
ing.
• D
efine
the
ins
titut
ion
resp
onsib
le f
or t
he
prep
arat
ion
of th
e na
tiona
l pla
n fo
r pac
kag-
ing
and
pack
agin
g w
aste
. The
pla
n ca
n be
de
velo
ped
as a
sepa
rate
doc
umen
t or a
s par
t of
the
gene
ral w
aste
man
agem
ent p
lan.
•
Org
aniz
e co
llect
ion
and
proc
essin
g of
ba
selin
e da
ta n
eces
sary
for t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of t
he p
lan.
Inc
lude
dat
a ab
out
pack
agin
g co
nsum
ptio
n, d
evel
opm
ent
of g
ener
atio
n fo
reca
st, e
xist
ing
pack
agin
g w
aste
col
lect
ion
syst
ems,
avai
labl
e re
cycl
ing
capa
citie
s, et
c.•
The
spe
cific
res
pons
ibili
ties
of th
e co
mpe
-te
nt n
atio
nal a
utho
ritie
s in
cha
rge
of p
ack-
agin
g w
aste
man
agem
ent n
eed
to b
e defi
ned
and
thes
e to
be
prov
ided
with
the
nece
ssar
y ca
paci
ty to
mon
itor,
cont
rol a
nd e
nfor
ce th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f pa
ckag
ing
regu
latio
ns.
• D
efine
the
obj
ectiv
es, k
ey im
plem
enta
tion
prin
cipl
es a
nd p
ossib
le a
ctio
ns f
or t
heir
achi
evem
ent.
• Pr
ovid
e th
e op
port
unity
for s
take
hold
ers t
o di
scus
s and
agr
ee o
n th
e pl
an.
Pac
kagi
ng
Was
te M
anag
emen
t P
lan
s
The
issu
es a
bout
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
man
agem
ent
are
gene
rally
add
ress
ed in
the
Env
ironm
enta
l St
rate
gies
and
Env
ironm
enta
l Act
ion
Plan
s.
A P
acka
ging
Was
te M
anag
emen
t Pla
n pr
ovid
es
a lo
ng te
rm h
oriz
on fo
r inv
estm
ent a
nd a
ctio
n.
Agr
eem
ent b
etw
een
all s
take
hold
ers
on th
e im
plem
enta
tion
appr
oach
, in
part
icul
ar th
e di
strib
utio
n of
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
and fin
anci
ng
of th
e pa
ckag
ing
was
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d re
cycl
ing
syst
em, a
re im
port
ant c
ompo
nent
s of
suc
h a
plan
.
Dire
ctiv
e sp
ecifi
c im
plem
enta
tion
plan
s su
ppor
t th
e na
tiona
l aut
horit
ies
in fu
ture
neg
otia
tions
w
ith th
e E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
and
pro
vide
the
grou
nds
for t
he re
ques
ted
tran
sitio
nal p
erio
ds (i
f ne
cess
ary)
Cor
e Acti
onPr
epar
e a
specific
pla
n for
the
field
of
pack
agin
g wa
ste
man
agem
ent.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
26
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
27
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Obj
ectiv
e: E
nsur
e suffic
ient fi
nanc
ing f
rom
diff
eren
t so
urces
for t
he d
evelo
pmen
t of
the n
ecessa
ry
infra
struc
ture
.
The
fina
ncin
g of
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion
and
sort
ing
is d
irect
ly l
inke
d to
th
e re
spon
sibi
litie
s of
diff
eren
t st
akeh
olde
rs
defin
ed
in
the
legi
slat
ion.
T
he
diff
eren
t te
chni
cal s
olut
ions
ado
pted
for
the
colle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g of
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
als
o as
sum
e a
diff
eren
t le
vel
of c
ost
shar
ing,
and
diff
eren
t co
sts
and fin
anci
ng s
truc
ture
s. T
he p
oten
tial
sour
ces f
or th
e fina
ncin
g of
sepa
rate
colle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g sy
stem
s ca
n be
sum
mar
ized
as
follo
ws.
• R
even
ue fr
om r
ecyc
led m
ater
ials:
Mar
ket
pric
e of
sort
ed se
cond
ary r
aw m
ater
ials
del
iver
ed
to t
he r
ecyc
ling
(pro
cess
ing)
pla
nts.
The
re
venu
e fr
om t
he r
ecyc
led
mat
eria
ls i
s us
ually
not
eno
ugh
to c
over
the
cos
ts
rela
ted
to t
he m
unic
ipal
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
co
llect
ion
and
sort
ing.
• L
icens
ing
Fees:
Fee
s pa
id b
y th
e pr
oduc
ers
and
impo
rter
s of
pac
kage
d go
ods
to t
he
prod
ucer
res
pons
ibili
ty o
rgan
izat
ions
for
or
gani
zing
the
ach
ieve
men
t of
rec
yclin
g an
d re
cove
ry t
arge
ts o
n be
half
of
the
indu
stry
con
cern
ed. T
he li
cens
ing
fees
can
be
pro
port
iona
l to
the w
eigh
t of
pack
agin
g an
d/or
num
ber o
f pa
ckag
ing
units
put
on
the
mar
ket.
In th
e ca
se th
at in
dust
ry is
fully
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r th
e fin
anci
ng o
f se
para
te
colle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g, t
he l
icen
sing
fee
s ar
e th
e m
ajor
sou
rce
for
the fin
anci
ng o
f th
e sy
stem
.
Inve
stm
ent
Nee
ds
Not
with
stan
ding
the
colle
ctio
n m
etho
ds s
elec
ted
the
min
imum
am
ount
of
capi
tal i
nves
tmen
t ne
cess
ary
to g
uara
ntee
the
achi
evem
ent o
f re
cycl
ing
and
reco
very
targ
ets
by W
este
rn B
alka
n co
untr
ies
is e
stim
ated
at E
uro
50 –
70
mill
ion,
ex
clud
ing
inve
stm
ent i
nto
the
recy
clin
g in
dust
ry.
The
se fi
gure
s ca
n be
sig
nific
antly
exc
eede
d if
mor
e co
mpl
icat
ed c
olle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g te
chno
logi
es a
re s
elec
ted.
Cor
e Acti
onId
entif
y prio
rity i
nvest
men
t pro
jects
prov
idin
g gua
rant
ees
for se
cure
ach
ievem
ent o
f re
cycli
ng a
nd re
cove
ry ta
rgets
.
• M
unici
pal
Was
te Ta
xes
or
Fees:
Ta
xes
char
ged
by
the
mun
icip
aliti
es,
or
fees
di
rect
ly c
harg
ed b
y th
e co
mm
unal
was
te
man
agem
ent
com
pani
es
to
hous
ehol
ds
and
indu
stry
pro
vidi
ng fo
r mun
icip
al w
aste
co
llect
ion
and
disp
osal
. T
he m
unic
ipal
w
aste
taxe
s ar
e us
ed w
here
ther
e is
sha
red
resp
onsi
bilit
y be
twee
n th
e in
dust
ry
and
mun
icip
aliti
es f
or t
he fi
nanc
ing
of
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing.
Mun
icip
al
was
te ta
xes
are
ofte
n us
ed to
fina
nce
non-
pack
agin
g re
cycl
able
was
te c
olle
ctio
n (e
.g.
old
new
spap
ers,
was
te p
rintin
g pa
per)
.
• Pr
oduc
t Ta
xes:
Stat
e ta
xes
char
ged
to t
he
prod
ucer
s an
d im
port
ers
of
pack
aged
go
ods
prop
ortio
nal
to t
he a
mou
nt o
f pa
ckag
ing
mat
eria
l an
d/or
nu
mbe
r of
pa
ckag
es p
ut o
n th
e m
arke
t. T
he t
axes
ar
e us
ually
pai
d to
the
Sta
te B
udge
t or
st
ate
man
aged
E
nviro
nmen
tal
Fund
. T
he p
rodu
ct t
axes
are
use
d in
the
cas
e th
at t
he s
tate
tak
es t
he r
espo
nsib
ility
for
th
e fin
anci
ng o
f se
para
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g of
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
. In
the
cas
e of
the
prod
ucer
res
pons
ibili
ty s
yste
m th
e
pack
agin
g co
ntra
cted
to th
e or
gani
zatio
n,
for
whi
ch t
he l
icen
sing
fee
is
paid
, sh
all
not b
e ch
arge
d w
ith a
pro
duct
tax.
• D
epos
its o
n be
vera
ge c
onta
iner
s: A
dep
osit
char
ged
to t
he c
usto
mer
of
the
prod
uct
and
paid
ba
ck
at
the
retu
rn
of
the
cont
aine
r. In
th
e ca
se
of
the
depo
sit
syst
em th
e pa
ckag
ing
subj
ect t
o de
posi
t is
excl
uded
from
the
prod
ucer
resp
onsi
bilit
y sc
hem
e fin
ance
d by
lice
nsin
g fe
es.
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
a p
rodu
cer
resp
onsi
bilit
y sc
hem
e to
dea
l with
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
ass
umes
th
at in
dust
ry w
ill b
e re
spon
sibl
e fo
r fina
ncin
g th
e se
para
te
colle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g of
pa
ckag
ing
was
te.
The
ind
ustr
y, th
roug
h th
e pr
oduc
er
resp
onsi
bilit
y or
gani
zatio
ns,
can
cove
r th
e fu
ll co
sts
of t
he s
yste
m,
or o
nly
part
of
the
cost
s in
the
case
of
the
addi
tiona
l fin
anci
ng p
rovi
ded
from
the
mun
icip
aliti
es.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
28
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
29
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Cos
t st
ruct
ure
for
ind
ust
rial
pac
kagi
ng
The
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
gen
erat
ed a
t ind
ustr
ial e
nter
pris
es a
nd la
rge
shop
s an
d su
perm
arke
ts is
usu
ally
ge
nera
ted
in la
rge
quan
titie
s an
d ha
s go
od q
ualit
y. T
he re
spon
sibi
litie
s at
com
pany
leve
l can
eas
ily b
e defin
ed
in o
rder
to o
rgan
ize
effic
ient
was
te s
ortin
g an
d st
orag
e on
-site
. Bec
ause
of
this
the
colle
ctio
n of
indu
stria
l an
d co
mm
erci
al p
acka
ging
was
te c
an b
e us
ually
org
aniz
ed a
t low
er u
nit c
osts
com
pare
d to
hou
seho
ld
pack
agin
g w
aste
. Thu
s th
e ov
eral
l effi
cien
cy o
f th
e pa
ckag
ing
was
te m
anag
emen
t dep
ends
on
the
optim
al
orga
niza
tion
of in
dust
rial a
nd c
omm
erci
al p
acka
ging
was
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g.
The
fina
ncin
g of
indu
stria
l and
com
mer
cial
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
man
agem
ent i
s an
obl
igat
ion
of in
dust
ry.
The
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
tran
sfer
was
te fo
r rec
yclin
g ca
n be
des
igna
ted
to th
e w
aste
hol
der o
r via
a ta
ke b
ack
oblig
atio
n to
all
the
supp
ly c
hain
. A s
ampl
e co
st s
truc
ture
for i
ndus
tria
l and
com
mer
cial
pac
kagi
ng is
pr
esen
ted
in th
e di
agra
m b
elow
.
Cost
for a
n en
terp
rise
Inte
rnal
cos
tsEx
tern
al c
osts
Cont
aine
r cos
ts
Tran
spor
t cos
ts
Colle
ctio
n co
sts
Cond
itio
ning
cos
tsM
arke
t pri
ce fo
rse
cond
ary
mat
eria
ls
The
inte
rnal
cos
ts s
uch
as o
n-si
te s
ortin
g an
d te
mpo
rary
sto
rage
sho
uld
be re
spon
sibi
lity
of w
aste
hol
der
(pac
kagi
ng e
nd u
ser –
indu
stria
l ent
erpr
ise
or s
hop)
.
For m
ost o
f th
e no
n-m
unic
ipal
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
the
mar
ket p
rice
of th
e se
cond
ary
raw
mat
eria
ls c
an c
over
th
e ex
tern
al c
osts
rela
ted
to c
olle
ctio
n an
d pr
epar
atio
n fo
r rec
yclin
g (a
dditi
onal
sor
ting,
bai
ling,
etc
). In
the
oppo
site
cas
e th
e ex
tern
al c
ost c
an b
e co
vere
d fr
om th
e w
aste
hol
ders
thro
ugh
serv
ice
fees
cha
rged
by
the
was
te c
olle
ctio
n co
mpa
nies
, or s
uppo
rted
by
the
prod
ucer
resp
onsi
bilit
y or
gani
zatio
ns.
Cor
e Acti
onTh
roug
h th
e esta
blish
ed le
gal r
equi
rem
ents
prov
ide a
n in
centiv
e for
the p
acka
ging
end
user
s to
sepa
rate
and
prep
are f
or r
ecyc
ling
the n
on-m
unici
pal p
acka
ging w
aste.
Obje
ctive
: Esta
blish
an
efficie
nt sc
hem
e for
the c
ollec-
tion
of co
mm
ercia
l and
indu
stria
l pac
kagin
g pro
vidin
g m
axim
um a
mou
nts o
f sec
onda
ry ra
w m
ateri
als t
o sup
-po
rt th
e ach
ievem
ent o
f ta
rgets
at l
owest
acce
ptab
le co
sts
Key
actio
ns at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els i
nclu
de.
• D
efine
th
e le
gal
requ
irem
ents
to
war
ds
non-
mun
icip
al
(indu
stria
l, co
mm
erci
al)
pack
agin
g w
aste
and
the
resp
onsib
ilitie
s of
diff
eren
t st
akeh
olde
rs (
prod
ucer
s, im
port
-er
s, pa
cker
s, fil
lers
, re
taile
rs,
dist
ribut
ors,
end
user
s) to
take
bac
k an
d/or
col
lect
the
non-
mun
icip
al w
aste
. •
Prov
ide
a po
ssib
ility
for
tra
nsfe
rrin
g th
e ob
ligat
ions
fro
m t
he s
uppl
y ch
ain
repr
e-se
ntat
ives
to
a pr
oduc
er r
espo
nsib
ility
or-
gani
zatio
n.•
Est
ablis
h st
rict
requ
irem
ents
tow
ards
the
no
n-m
unic
ipal
w
aste
co
llect
ion
thro
ugh
the
proc
edur
e fo
r a
licen
sing
of p
rodu
cer
resp
onsib
ility
org
aniz
atio
n.•
Defi
ne th
e res
pons
ibili
ties o
f th
e com
pete
nt
auth
oriti
es an
d en
sure
enou
gh ad
min
istra
tive
capa
city
to e
nfor
ce th
e le
gal r
equi
rem
ents.
• In
form
the
indu
stry
of
its o
blig
atio
ns.
Obj
ectiv
e: E
stabl
ish a
n effi
cient
sche
me f
or th
e co
llecti
on o
f m
unici
pal p
acka
ging w
aste,
ta
king
into
acco
unt t
he co
untr
y sp
ecific
cond
ition
s
Key
actio
ns at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els i
nclu
de.
• D
efine
th
e op
timal
se
para
te
colle
ctio
n sc
hem
es f
or p
acka
ging
was
te t
akin
g in
to
acco
unt
the
coun
try
spec
ific
cond
ition
s (p
refe
rabl
y af
ter
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
pi
lot p
roje
cts)
and
pro
vide
cos
t est
imat
es
for t
heir
impl
emen
tatio
n.•
Defi
ne th
e re
spon
sibi
litie
s of
the
indu
stry
an
d m
unic
ipal
ities
for
the
cov
erag
e of
in
vest
men
t and
ope
ratio
nal c
osts
.•
Est
ablis
h re
quire
men
ts t
owar
ds t
he p
ro-
duce
r re
spon
sibi
lity
orga
niza
tions
to s
up-
port
the
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te c
ol-
lect
ion.
• Se
cure
agr
eem
ent
at a
nat
iona
l le
vel
re-
gard
ing
the
owne
rshi
p of
the
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion
and
sort
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re,
in-
clud
ing
bins
/con
tain
ers,
colle
ctio
n tr
ucks
, re
cycl
ing
cent
ers,
sort
ing
stat
ions
, etc
. De-
pend
ing
on th
e le
gal r
equi
rem
ents
and
the
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
30
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
31
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
cont
ract
ual r
elat
ions
the
fol
low
ing
stak
e-ho
lder
s ca
n pl
ay a
rol
e in
the
est
ablis
h-m
ent o
f th
e ne
cess
ary
infr
astr
uctu
re:
• m
unic
ipal
ities
and
/or m
unic
ipal
co
mm
unal
com
pani
es;
• pr
ivat
e op
erat
ors
(was
te m
anag
emen
t co
mpa
nies
); an
d•
reco
very
org
aniz
atio
ns.
• W
here
po
ssib
le
tech
nica
l re
quire
men
ts
and
guid
elin
es to
war
ds se
para
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d re
cycl
ing
shou
ld b
e es
tabl
ishe
d. T
hese
requ
irem
ents
nee
d to
be
disc
usse
d an
d ag
reed
bet
wee
n th
e co
mpe
tent
nat
iona
l au
thor
ities
, th
e in
dust
ry r
espo
nsib
le f
or
achi
evin
g th
e tar
gets
and
the m
unic
ipal
ities
w
ho a
re r
espo
nsib
le f
or m
unic
ipal
was
te
man
agem
ent p
lann
ing
at lo
cal l
evel
.•
Intr
oduc
e ec
onom
ic in
dica
tors
to m
easu
re
the
effic
ienc
y of
th
e im
plem
ente
d se
para
te c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
s (e
.g. c
osts
per
to
n m
ater
ial
colle
cted
, co
sts
per
capi
ta,
colle
ctio
n ra
te p
er c
apita
ach
ieve
d, e
tc.).
Obj
ectiv
e: To
org
aniz
e ach
ievem
ent o
f re
cycli
ng a
nd
reco
very
targ
ets a
t low
est co
sts fo
r the
indu
stry
Key
actio
ns at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els i
nclu
de.
• T
he r
equi
rem
ents
tow
ards
the
fou
ndin
g,
perm
ittin
g, o
pera
tion
and
cont
rol o
f th
e Pa
ckag
ing
Rec
over
y O
rgan
izat
ions
shou
ld
be d
efine
d in
the
natio
nal l
egis
latio
n.•
Dec
isio
n sh
ould
be
take
n at
cou
ntry
leve
l re
gard
ing
the
follo
win
g is
sues
: •
will
the
pro
duce
r re
spon
sibi
lity
orga
ni-
zatio
ns o
rgan
ize
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
at
coun
try
leve
l or
the
y ca
n w
ork
at r
e-gi
onal
leve
l; an
d•
will
pro
duce
r re
spon
sibi
lity
orga
niza
-tio
ns d
eal
with
all
type
s of
pac
kagi
ng
or c
an th
eir
activ
ities
be
limite
d on
ly to
m
unic
ipal
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
or
only
to
spec
ific
pack
agin
g m
ater
ials
(e.
g. d
eal-
ing
only
with
pap
er).
• T
he p
erm
ittin
g of
activ
ity sh
ould
be
base
d on
the
det
aile
d pr
ogra
m p
repa
red
by t
he
orga
niza
tion
expl
aini
ng h
ow t
he c
olle
c-tio
n, s
ortin
g an
d re
cycl
ing
will
be
orga
n-iz
ed a
nd fi
nanc
ed.
• T
he a
ctiv
ity o
f th
e R
O s
houl
d be
sub
ject
to
aud
it in
ord
er to
pro
ve th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
targ
ets a
nd c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e pe
rmit
cond
ition
s.•
The
nat
iona
l le
gisl
atio
n sh
ould
pro
vide
th
e R
O w
ith a
pos
sibi
lity
for
audi
ting
the
clie
nts
in o
rder
to
guar
ante
e th
e co
rrec
t de
clar
atio
n of
pac
kagi
ng a
nd t
o av
oid
free
-rid
ers.
Rec
over
y or
gan
izat
ion
s
The
est
ablis
hmen
t of
prod
ucer
resp
onsi
bilit
y or
gani
zatio
ns h
as a
lread
y st
arte
d in
mos
t of
the
coun
trie
s SE
KO
PAK
(Ser
bia)
, BiH
PAK
(Bos
nia
and
Her
zego
vina
). T
hese
org
aniz
atio
ns w
ill
sign
ifica
ntly
incr
ease
thei
r tec
hnic
al a
nd fi
nanc
ial
capa
citie
s w
hen
natio
nal r
egul
atio
ns a
re e
nact
ed.
Cor
e Acti
onE
stabl
ish cl
ear r
ules
for li
censin
g of
Prod
ucer
R
espon
sibili
ty O
rgan
izat
ions.
With
out c
reat
ing b
arrie
rs fo
r com
petit
ion a
void
th
e esta
blish
men
t of
man
y pro
ducer
resp
onsib
ility
orga
niza
tions
ope
ratin
g at t
he n
ation
al le
vel.
Cos
ts s
tru
ctu
re m
un
icip
al p
acka
gin
g co
llect
ion
an
d s
orti
ng
The
cos
ts o
f m
unic
ipal
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing
can
be c
over
ed c
ompl
etel
y by
the
prod
ucer
resp
onsi
bilit
y or
gani
zatio
ns o
r sha
red
with
m
unic
ipal
ities
resp
onsi
ble
for t
he re
sidu
al w
aste
co
llect
ion.
Rec
yclin
g of
som
e m
ater
ials
can
als
o ca
use
cost
s, in
ca
se th
at s
epar
atio
n/re
cycl
ing
of “
un-e
cono
mic
al”
mat
eria
ls is
als
o ne
cess
ary
in o
rder
to g
uara
ntee
the
achi
evem
ent o
f na
tiona
l rec
yclin
g/re
cove
ry ta
rget
s.
A s
ampl
e co
sts
stru
ctur
e fo
r mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
w
aste
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing
is p
rese
nted
in th
e fig
ure
belo
w:
Cor
e Acti
onBo
th p
rodu
cer re
spon
sibili
ty or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd m
unici
palit
ies
shou
ld b
e inv
olved
in th
e pla
nnin
g of
sepa
rate
colle
ction
sy
stem
s beca
use o
f th
e rela
ted fi
nanc
ial i
mpl
icatio
ns.
Hou
seho
ld P
acka
ging
Col
lect
ion
Site
cos
ts
Cont
aine
r cos
ts
Tran
spor
t cos
ts
Cost
s fo
r buy
ing
mat
eria
ls fr
om
indi
vidu
al c
olle
ctor
s
Colle
ctio
n co
sts
Publ
ic a
war
enes
s co
sts
Sort
ing/
Baili
ng
cost
sM
arke
t pri
ce
seco
ndar
y m
ater
ials
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
32
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
33
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Obj
ectiv
e: To
defi
ne th
e rela
tions
betw
een th
e pr
oduc
er re
spon
sibili
ty sch
eme (
or m
unici
palit
y) a
nd
waste
colle
ction
/sor
ting c
ompa
ny
Key
actio
ns at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els i
nclu
de.
• D
evel
op a
gui
danc
e do
cum
ent
on c
on-
trac
ting
and
tend
erin
g th
e m
unic
ipal
pa
ckag
ing
was
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g. I
n ge
nera
l the
gui
danc
e sh
ould
cov
er th
e fo
l-lo
win
g is
sues
.-
Serv
ices
cov
ered
(cla
rifica
tion
of
resp
onsi
bilit
y).
- Sp
ecifi
catio
ns:
• pu
blic
col
lect
ion
site
s, cl
eani
ng a
nd
mai
nten
ance
;•
colle
ctio
n co
ntai
ners
and
/or b
ags
for
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
s;•
tran
spor
t req
uire
men
ts;
• co
llect
ion
requ
irem
ents
:•
colle
ctio
n vo
lum
e to
be
prov
ided
;•
colle
ctio
n fr
eque
ncy;
and
• lo
wer
and
upp
er li
mit
for c
olle
ctio
n by
wei
ght,
in k
ilogr
ams
per
inha
bita
nt a
nd y
ear.
• qu
ality
of
colle
ctio
n (in
put):
m
inim
um s
tand
ards
con
cern
ing
no
n-pa
ckag
ing
and
resi
dual
was
te in
th
e pa
ckag
ing
colle
ctio
n;•
docu
men
tatio
n, re
port
ing
and
cont
rol r
equi
rem
ents
; and
• te
rms
of p
aym
ent (
e.g.
per
con
tain
er
lifte
d, p
er w
eigh
t of
mat
eria
l co
llect
ed).
- So
rtin
g re
quire
men
ts:
• fr
actio
ns to
be
sort
ed o
ut, e
.g. P
ET
bo
ttles
, pol
yeth
ylen
e (P
E) fi
lms,
high
de
nsity
pol
yeth
ylen
e (H
DPE
) hol
low
bo
dies
, PP
item
s; an
d•
term
s of
pay
men
t (e.
g. p
er q
uant
ity
of in
put m
ater
ial o
r per
out
put o
f so
rted
mat
eria
ls).
Mu
nic
ipal
Pac
kagi
ng
Was
te C
olle
ctio
n
Pres
ently
ther
e is
ver
y lim
ited
expe
rienc
e an
d pr
actic
e av
aila
ble
for s
igni
ng c
ontr
acts
for
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing
of m
unic
ipal
w
aste
in a
ll of
the
Wes
tern
Bal
kan
coun
trie
s. T
he m
ajor
par
t of
the
mun
icip
al w
aste
col
lect
ion
and
disp
osal
ser
vice
s is
per
form
ed b
y m
unic
ipal
co
mm
unal
com
pani
es a
nd th
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of
priv
ate
sect
or is
lim
ited.
Dur
ing
the
wor
ksho
ps
seve
ral m
unic
ipal
adm
inis
trat
ions
indi
cate
d th
eir
plan
s to
est
ablis
h pu
blic
priv
ate
part
ners
hips
in
the fie
ld o
f m
unic
ipal
was
te m
anag
emen
t.
Cor
e Acti
onD
evelo
p a
stand
ard
tende
ring a
nd co
ntra
cting
pro
cedur
e for
co
ntra
cting
sepa
rate
colle
ction
and
sorti
ng se
rvice
s.
Obj
ectiv
e: To
esta
blish
app
ropr
iate
infra
struc
ture
ba
sed o
n th
e pac
kagin
g coll
ection
syste
ms t
o be
em
ploy
ed, a
nd th
e qua
ntiti
es an
d qu
ality
of
mat
eria
ls to
be c
ollect
ed.
It i
s w
ise
to i
mpl
emen
t an
app
ropr
iate
set
of
pilo
t pr
ojec
ts b
efor
e la
unch
ing
full
scal
e op
erat
ions
in o
rder
to te
st d
iffer
ent c
olle
ctio
n m
etho
ds. T
he ex
iste
nce o
f ind
ivid
ual c
olle
ctor
s re
quire
s th
e effic
ienc
y of
col
lect
ion
syst
ems
base
d on
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion
cont
aine
rs o
r pl
astic
bag
s to
be
initi
ally
tes
ted
prio
r th
eir
even
tual
impl
emen
tatio
n at
nat
iona
l lev
el. I
n m
ost c
ount
ries
ther
e ar
e no
nat
iona
l tec
hnic
al
guid
elin
es o
n ho
w t
he s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n sh
ould
be
impl
emen
ted.
The
cho
sen
tech
nica
l so
lutio
n to
im
plem
ent
the
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing
has
dire
ct
influ
ence
on
the
amou
nts
and
qual
ity o
f th
e co
llect
ed m
ater
ials
and
the
rela
ted
cost
s.
The
follo
win
g fa
ctor
s ne
ed to
be
take
n in
to a
c-co
unt w
hen
plan
ning
a s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n sy
s-te
m as
they
influ
ence
the
com
posit
ion
and
qual
-ity
of
hous
ehol
d pa
ckag
ing
was
te c
olle
ctio
n.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
34
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
35
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
• Fa
ctor
s w
hich
can
not b
e influ
ence
d:
- po
pula
tion
dens
ity, c
omm
unity
, siz
e of
ar
ea, n
umbe
r of
resi
dent
s liv
ing
in th
e m
unic
ipal
ity/s
ettle
men
t;-
stan
dard
of
livin
g;-
seas
onal
cha
nges
;-
loca
l and
regi
onal
eco
nom
ic
diff
eren
ces,
soci
al s
truc
ture
;-
num
ber o
f pe
rson
s pe
r hou
seho
ld a
nd
per b
uild
ing;
and
- ot
her e
xist
ing
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
s (in
form
al s
ecto
r col
lect
ion)
.
• Fa
ctor
s w
hich
can
be
influ
ence
d:
- co
llect
ion
syst
em (b
ins
or b
ags,
cent
raliz
ed/d
ecen
tral
ized
, etc
.);-
colle
cted
com
pone
nts
(sep
arat
e or
co
mbi
ned
mul
ti-m
ater
ial c
olle
ctio
n);
- co
ntai
ner s
ize,
con
tain
er ty
pes
com
bine
d w
ith e
mpt
ying
freq
uenc
y;
and
- co
nsum
er b
ehav
ior.
The
diff
eren
t co
llect
ion
met
hods
mea
n di
f-fe
rent
cos
ts a
nd d
iffer
ent
qual
ity o
f th
e co
l-le
cted
mat
eria
l. A
rou
gh c
ompa
rison
bet
wee
n th
e di
ffer
ent
colle
ctio
n m
etho
ds is
pre
sent
ed
in T
able
2 b
elow
.
Ta
ble
2:
Co
lle
cti
on
sy
ste
mQ
ua
nti
ty o
f m
ate
ria
l co
lle
cte
dR
esi
du
es
con
ten
t C
ost
sA
dd
itio
na
l re
ma
rks
Kerb
side
col
lect
ion
(pla
stic
bag
s)Av
erag
e to
hig
hLo
w
Hig
hCo
llect
ion
sche
dule
for p
last
ic b
ags
for d
isch
arge
and
col
lect
ion
of p
last
ic b
ags
shal
l be
defin
ed. D
ifficu
lt co
mpa
tibili
ty w
ith
indi
vidu
al c
olle
ctor
s an
d po
tent
ial p
robl
ems
with
hom
eles
s do
gs
Kerb
side
col
lect
ion
(indi
vidu
al b
ins,
cont
aine
rs)
Hig
hLo
w to
av
erag
eH
igh
Suita
ble
mai
nly
to a
reas
with
indi
vidu
al h
ouse
s or
whe
re
cont
aine
r can
be
desi
gnat
ed to
a s
peci
fic b
uild
ing
Brin
g sy
stem
s (s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n co
ntai
ners
)
Low
Aver
age
to
high
Aver
age
The
syst
em re
sults
can
be
sign
ifica
ntly
influ
ence
d by
type
of
cont
aine
rs u
sed
and
awar
enes
s ca
mpa
igns
impl
emen
ted.
The
sy
stem
is u
sual
ly a
pplie
d fo
r gla
ss c
olle
ctio
n.
Brin
g sy
stem
s (re
cycl
ing
cent
ers)
Low
Lo
wLo
w to
av
erag
eTh
e co
llect
ed a
mou
nts
can
be h
ighe
r if m
ater
ial i
s de
liver
ed to
re
cycl
ing
cent
ers
from
indi
vidu
al c
olle
ctor
s . S
uita
ble
for p
aper
an
d gl
ass,
less
sui
tabl
e fo
r pla
stic
s.
Fig
ure
2: BR
ING
SYS
TEM
WIT
H C
ON
TAIN
ERS
RECY
CLIN
G C
ENTE
RKE
RBSI
DE
COLL
ECTI
ON
WIT
H
PLA
STIC
BA
GS
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
36
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
37
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Obj
ectiv
e: To
dev
elop
an o
ptim
al se
para
te co
llecti
on
syste
m, t
akin
g int
o ac
coun
t the
coun
try s
pecifi
c co
nditi
ons
Key
act
ions
at n
atio
nal a
nd lo
cal l
evel
s inc
lude
th
e fo
llow
ing.
• D
evel
op a
ppro
pria
te (
pilo
t) pr
ojec
ts t
o te
st d
iffer
ent
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
s. Po
ssib
le
pilo
t tes
ts c
ould
be:
- te
stin
g di
ffer
ent c
olle
ctio
n m
etho
ds fo
r pa
ckag
ing
was
te s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n:
• de
pend
ing
on
popu
latio
n de
nsity
an
d st
anda
rd o
f liv
ing
(in a
reas
with
fam
ily
hous
es a
nd b
lock
s of
flat
s ar
eas)
;
• us
ing
diff
eren
t co
llect
ion
met
hods
: br
ing
syst
ems
(e.g
. rec
yclin
g ce
nter
s, se
para
te c
ol-
lect
ion
cont
aine
rs) o
r cur
bsid
e sy
stem
s (in
-di
vidu
al b
ins/
cont
aine
rs, p
last
ic b
ags)
; and
• te
stin
g of
diff
eren
t typ
es a
nd lo
catio
n of
co
ntai
ners
.-
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
in a
dmin
istr
ativ
e bu
ildin
gs a
nd c
omm
erci
al o
utle
ts;
- co
llect
ion
cam
paig
ns; a
nd-
mod
el p
roje
ct fo
r inv
olve
men
t of
indi
vidu
al c
olle
ctor
s.
Ag
reem
ent
for
pac
kagi
ng
was
te c
olle
ctio
n in
Bu
lgar
ia
In 2
007,
thre
e ye
ars
afte
r the
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
regu
latio
n en
tere
d in
to fo
rce,
the
Bul
garia
n M
inis
try
of
Env
ironm
ent a
nd th
e Pa
ckag
ing
Rec
over
y O
rgan
izat
ions
sig
ned
an a
gree
men
t for
the
futu
re d
evel
opm
ent
of p
acka
ging
was
te s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
s. A
ccor
ding
to th
e A
gree
men
t the
sep
arat
e co
llect
ion
serv
ices
w
ere
to b
e or
gani
sed
for 6
,200
,000
resi
dent
s by
end
of
2008
(app
roxi
mat
ely
82%
of
the
popu
latio
n in
the
coun
try)
. The
mem
oran
dum
defi
ned
the
min
imum
den
sity
of
cont
aine
rs’ p
lace
men
t, co
llect
ion
freq
uenc
y an
d co
ntai
ner v
olum
e pe
r col
lect
ion
poin
t. T
he R
ecov
ery
Org
aniz
atio
ns to
ok th
e ob
ligat
ion
to in
vest
at l
east
51
mill
ion
Eur
o in
the
perio
d 20
08/2
009
in o
rder
to g
uara
ntee
com
plia
nce
with
the
Agr
eem
ent.
Cor
e Acti
onD
efine
tech
nica
l sta
ndar
ds to
ward
s mun
icipa
l pac
kagin
g was
te co
llecti
on a
nd d
eadl
ines
for th
eir a
chiev
emen
t.
• A
ll da
ta c
olle
cted
dur
ing
the
pilo
t pro
ject
s ne
eds
to b
e m
easu
red
and
docu
men
ted
in
the
appr
opria
te w
ay.
• D
efine
crit
eria
for m
easu
rem
ent a
nd e
val-
uatio
n of
the
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
effic
ien-
cy (
e.g.
con
tain
er v
olum
e pr
ovid
ed p
er
capi
ta,
colle
ctio
n ra
tes
per
mat
eria
l pe
r ca
pita
, etc
.). C
ost-
Ben
efit A
naly
sis
can
be
a ve
ry g
ood
tool
to m
easu
re e
ffici
ency
of
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
s. T
his
anal
ysis
mea
sure
s al
l ef
fect
s (n
ew l
abou
r pl
aces
, em
issi
ons
redu
ctio
ns, e
tc) o
f a
syst
em.
• B
ased
on
the a
naly
sis o
f the
resu
lts ac
hiev
ed
durin
g th
e pi
lot
proj
ects
impl
emen
tatio
n,
guid
elin
es o
n th
e fu
ture
est
ablis
hmen
t of
a se
para
te c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
at
natio
nal
leve
l ne
ed t
o be
dev
elop
ed a
nd a
gree
d w
ith a
ll st
akeh
olde
rs.
• A
fter
eva
luat
ion
of th
e po
ssib
le c
olle
ctio
n sc
hem
es d
eadl
ines
for
ext
ensi
on o
f th
e co
llect
ion
syst
em s
hall
be s
et u
p an
d, i
f ne
cess
ary,
sepa
rate
qua
ntita
tive
targ
ets
for
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te c
olle
ctio
n.
• In
all
coun
trie
s sp
ecia
l atte
ntio
n ne
eds
to
be g
iven
to th
e rol
e of
indi
vidu
al co
llect
ors
in th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
targ
ets.
Bui
ldin
g th
e co
llect
ion
syst
em a
roun
d th
e in
form
al/
sem
i-for
mal
col
lect
ion
syst
ems
may
be
the
mos
t ap
prop
riate
and
cos
t ef
fect
ive
solu
tion.
Pot
entia
l co
nflic
ts b
etw
een
the
new
ly e
stab
lishe
d sy
stem
s an
d in
divi
dual
co
llect
ors
shal
l be
avo
ided
to
the
exte
nt
poss
ible
.
• In
ord
er t
o fa
cilit
ate
the
prop
er i
mpl
e-m
enta
tion
of s
epar
ate
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
s a
trai
ning
pro
gram
me
orie
nted
to m
unic
i-pa
litie
s and
com
mun
al c
ompa
nies
shal
l be
deve
lope
d an
d im
plem
ente
d.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
38
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
39
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Obj
ectiv
e: To
pro
vide t
he n
ecessa
ry ca
pacit
ies fo
r so
rting
of
qual
ity re
cycla
ble m
ater
ials
Key
act
ions
at n
atio
nal a
nd lo
cal l
evel
s inc
lude
th
e fo
llow
ing.
• D
efine
the
need
for s
ortin
g fa
cilit
ies b
ased
on
the
sele
cted
col
lect
ion
syst
em.
• B
uild
on
the e
xist
ing r
ecyc
labl
es co
llect
ion/
sort
ing
activ
ities
, inc
ludi
ng a
nd in
volv
ing
the
info
rmal
/sem
i-for
mal
sec
tor.
• Id
entif
y th
e ar
eas
to b
e se
rved
by
each
so
rtin
g fa
cilit
y ba
sed
on th
e ca
lcul
atio
n of
th
e co
llect
ion
cost
s. W
here
app
licab
le th
e fu
ture
pla
ns f
or t
he e
stab
lishm
ent
of r
e-gi
onal
tre
atm
ent
and
disp
osal
inf
rast
ruc-
ture
for
mix
ed m
unic
ipal
was
te s
hall
be
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt.
• C
onsi
der t
he (r
egio
nal)
mar
ket f
or re
cycl
ed
mat
eria
ls (
don’
t so
rt m
ater
ial
you
can’
t us
e), t
he p
oten
tial i
n th
e w
aste
-str
eam
and
th
e m
arke
t si
tuat
ion
(rev
enue
s) a
s m
ain
econ
omic
fac
tors
for
a d
ecis
ion
abou
t in
vest
men
t in
sort
ing-
plan
t.
Sort
ing
of p
acka
gin
g w
aste
The
sor
ting
of re
cycl
able
mat
eria
ls is
not
wel
l de
velo
ped
in a
ll W
este
rn B
alka
n co
untr
ies.
Sign
ifica
nt in
vest
men
ts w
ill b
e ne
eded
in o
rder
to
pro
vide
eno
ugh
sort
ing
capa
citie
s to
pro
cess
se
para
tely
col
lect
ed w
aste
.
Spec
ial a
ttent
ion
need
s to
be
give
n to
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
appr
opria
te in
fras
truc
ture
for
sort
ing
of g
lass
pac
kagi
ng. T
he g
lass
sor
ting
will
be
a cr
ucia
l fac
tor f
or th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
recy
clin
g ta
rget
s as
pre
sent
ly th
ere
are
no s
ortin
g an
d re
cycl
ing
capa
citie
s in
the
coun
trie
s (e
xcep
t in
Ser
bia)
.
Cor
e Acti
onD
evelo
p so
rting
facil
ities
and
capa
city b
ased
on
care
ful
asses
smen
t of
the c
omm
ercia
l via
bilit
y.
• D
efine
the
res
pons
ibili
ties
of t
he p
ro-
duce
r re
spon
sibi
lity
orga
niza
tions
an
d m
unic
ipal
ities
for
the
est
ablis
hmen
t of
so
rtin
g fa
cilit
ies
and
for
the fin
anci
ng o
f in
itial
inve
stm
ents
.
• T
he
stak
ehol
ders
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent
of
sort
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re
shou
ld a
gree
the
nece
ssar
y ca
paci
ties t
o be
es
tabl
ishe
d an
d th
e ap
plie
d te
chno
logi
es.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
40
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
41
Core
Pol
icy
Act
ions
Obje
ctive
: To e
nsur
e sup
port
and
parti
cipat
ion of
ho
useh
olds a
nd in
dustr
y in
the s
epar
ate c
ollect
ion sy
stem
Key
act
ions
at n
atio
nal a
nd lo
cal l
evel
s inc
lude
:
• R
equi
rem
ents
for
rais
ing
publ
ic a
war
enes
s an
d ed
ucat
ing
soci
ety
for
the
impo
rtan
ce
of w
aste
recy
clin
g sh
ould
be
esta
blis
hed
in
natio
nal l
egis
latio
n an
d al
l pla
ns in
the fie
ld
of p
acka
ging
was
te.
• T
he
info
rmat
ion
and
publ
ic
awar
enes
s ca
mpa
igns
sho
uld
be im
plem
ente
d bo
th a
t na
tiona
l and
loca
l lev
el.
• T
he ta
rget
gro
ups,
key
mes
sage
s an
d co
m-
mun
icat
ion
chan
nels
nee
d to
be
defin
ed.
• Sp
ecia
l atte
ntio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
wor
k w
ith k
ids
in fi
rst s
choo
l cla
sses
.
Hal
ton
Bor
ough
Cou
nci
l
In 2
009,
Hal
ton
Bor
ough
Cou
ncil
near
Liv
erpo
ol
in th
e U
K in
trod
uced
a m
ajor
exp
ansi
on to
th
eir k
erbs
ide
colle
ctio
n se
rvic
es in
clud
ing
the
prov
isio
n to
hom
es o
f a
whe
eled
bin
for
dry
recy
clin
g an
d a
seco
nd b
in fo
r gar
den
was
te. T
he in
itial
roll
out h
ad a
chie
ved
limite
d su
cces
s an
d an
alys
is o
f pe
rfor
man
ce c
ited
poor
co
mm
unic
atio
ns a
s a
maj
or re
ason
for t
he
lack
lust
re le
vels
of
dive
rsio
n. F
or th
e ex
pans
ion
a bu
dget
of
150,
000
was
com
mitt
ed fo
r pub
lic
enga
gem
ent.
Dire
ct, d
oor-
step
eng
agem
ent w
as d
eplo
yed
initi
ally
to a
sses
bar
riers
and
und
erst
andi
ng.
Thi
s w
as fo
llow
ed b
y a
dist
rict w
ide
adve
rtis
ing
cam
paig
n th
at ra
ised
awar
enes
s in
adv
ance
of
the
dist
ribut
ion
of a
det
aile
d in
form
atio
n pa
ck,
land
ing
thro
ugh
peop
le’s
lette
rbox
es o
ne w
eek
befo
re th
e ar
rival
of
thei
r new
bin
s. T
his
pack
co
ntai
ned
a co
llect
ion
cale
ndar
, fre
quen
tly a
sked
qu
estio
ns, a
nd in
form
atio
n on
wha
t can
and
ca
n’t b
e re
cycl
ed a
s w
ell a
s ge
nera
l bac
kgro
und
info
rmat
ion
as to
why
the
sche
me
was
intr
oduc
ed.
All
mat
eria
l inc
lude
d an
inte
grat
ed lo
cal w
aste
br
and
iden
tity,
whi
ch s
et th
e ca
mpa
ign
apar
t fr
om o
ther
cou
ncil
cam
paig
ns. A
s a
resu
lt, ta
ke
up a
nd p
artic
ipat
ion
in th
e ex
pans
ion
area
s w
as
signific
antly
impr
oved
ove
r the
initi
al ro
llout
with
di
vers
ion
incr
easin
g fr
om 2
3% to
abo
ve 3
5%.
Cor
e Acti
onE
duca
tion
and
awar
eness
is th
e mos
t im
porta
nt el
emen
t to
guar
antee
the s
ucces
s of
any s
epar
ate c
ollect
ion sy
stem
.
PRO
DU
CER
RESP
ON
SIBI
LITY
FO
R PA
CKA
GIN
G W
AST
E. P
OLI
CY
PAPE
R. O
CTO
BER
2009
42
Sum
mar
y of
Cor
e A
ctio
ns
• R
ecov
ery
and
recy
clin
g ta
rget
s fo
r di
ffer
ent
pack
agin
g m
ater
ials
and
pac
kagi
ng in
gen
eral
, and
the
tim
e pe
riods
for
the
ir ac
hiev
emen
t, ne
ed t
o be
rea
listic
. Pr
ovid
e so
me fle
xibi
lity
to t
he in
dust
ry in
cho
osin
g ap
prop
riate
set
of
pack
agin
g m
ater
ials
to b
e co
llect
ed a
nd s
orte
d.•
Ens
ure
sim
ple
and
clea
r re
port
ing
requ
irem
ents
. Do
not
ask
for
data
or
info
rmat
ion
that
is n
ot e
asily
av
aila
ble
or th
at w
ill n
ot b
e us
ed fo
r a s
pecific
pur
pose
or t
hat w
ill b
e di
fficu
lt to
pro
cess
or a
udit.
•
Initi
ate
a di
scus
sion
bet
wee
n in
dust
ry a
nd m
unic
ipal
ities
in o
rder
to a
chie
ve a
n ag
reem
ent o
n sh
arin
g th
e re
spon
sibi
litie
s fo
r org
anis
ing
the
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
and
sort
ing
of p
acka
ging
was
te fr
om m
unic
ipal
and
co
mm
erci
al &
indu
stria
l sou
rces
. •
Prep
are
a sp
ecifi
c pl
an fo
r the
fiel
d of
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
man
agem
ent.
• Id
entif
y pr
iorit
y in
vest
men
t pr
ojec
ts p
rovi
ding
gua
rant
ees
for
secu
re a
chie
vem
ent
of r
ecyc
ling
and
reco
very
targ
ets
• T
hrou
gh th
e es
tabl
ishe
d le
gal r
equi
rem
ents
pro
vide
an
ince
ntiv
e fo
r th
e pa
ckag
ing
end
user
s to
sep
arat
e an
d pr
epar
e fo
r rec
yclin
g th
e no
n-m
unic
ipal
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
. •
Bot
h pr
oduc
er r
espo
nsib
ility
org
aniz
atio
ns a
nd m
unic
ipal
ities
sho
uld
be i
nvol
ved
in t
he p
lann
ing
of
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
syst
ems
for m
unic
ipal
pac
kagi
ng w
aste
bec
ause
of
the
rela
ted fin
anci
al im
plic
atio
ns.
• E
stab
lish
clea
r rul
es fo
r lic
ensi
ng o
f Pr
oduc
er R
espo
nsib
ility
Org
aniz
atio
ns.
• W
ithou
t cr
eatin
g ba
rrie
rs f
or c
ompe
titio
n av
oid
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
man
y pr
oduc
er r
espo
nsib
ility
or
gani
zatio
ns o
pera
ting
at th
e na
tiona
l lev
el.
• D
evel
op s
ortin
g fa
cilit
ies
and
capa
city
bas
ed o
n ca
refu
l ass
essm
ent o
f th
e co
mm
erci
al v
iabi
lity.
• B
uild
on
the
exis
ting
recy
clab
les
colle
ctio
n/so
rtin
g ac
tiviti
es, i
nclu
ding
and
invo
lvin
g th
e in
form
al/s
emi-
form
al re
cycl
ing
sect
or.
• D
efine
tec
hnic
al s
tand
ards
tow
ards
mun
icip
al p
acka
ging
was
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d de
adlin
es f
or t
heir
achi
evem
ent.
• D
evel
op a
sta
ndar
d te
nder
ing
and
cont
ract
ing
proc
edur
e fo
r co
ntra
ctin
g se
para
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d so
rtin
g se
rvic
es.
• E
duca
tion
and
awar
enes
s is t
he m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t ele
men
t to
guar
ante
e th
e su
cces
s of
any
sepa
rate
col
lect
ion
syst
em.
Prepared by Wasteaware, October 2009.
How to contact us:
IFCBulevar kralja Aleksandra 86 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Tel: +381 11 3023 750 Fax: +381 11 3023 740
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