Maintaining QualityStandards in theL in ing Industr y

Established in 1983 and Dedicated to the Scientific and EngineeringDevelopment of Geosynthetics and Associated Technologies

A newsletter of the Geosynthetics InterestGroup of South Africa in Association with theSouth African Institution of Civil Engineering

PRODUCED BY GIGSA : www.gigsa.org

The South African Chapter ofthe InternationalGeosynthetics Society

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that the quality and integrity of the final product ismaintained. The workmanship and quality standards setby the founders of EL have remained the standardaccepted today. There has lately been a drive in theindustry to try and promote overseas accreditation andcertificates for welders, but we believe that far moreemphasis should be put on continuous training programsand QA procedures than on a certificate.

As a founder member of GIGSA and a proud Benefactorof the organisation, EL continues to employ the principlesof Quality workmanship and Quality products. Thesesolid principles have led to the excellent growth of thecompany throughout its 25 years of business.EL is proud to be associated with GIGSA.

For more information on Engineered Linings pleasecontact

Peter Hardiee-mail: peterh@englining.co.zaTel +27 21 551 2430

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Y In this current economic climate, it is refreshing to noticehow the construction industry has started placing moreemphasis on geosynthetic products and service that notonly offer cost savings, but also show long term durabilityover old conventional building materials and techniques.

Unfortunately, the lining industry in particular has startedto become a commodity type industry, with some clientsprocuring directly over the internet and then selecting thecheapest option available, often with disastrous results.With many smaller unknown and sometimes unprovencompanies vying for the business, it has become imperativethat product quality and quality of workmanship play anever increasing roll in the selection of the geosyntheticservice provider, not only for the supply of the product,but equally important for the installation.

Engineered Linings (EL) was founded in 1984 and hasbeen a champion of quality products & qualityworkmanship in the geosynthetic industry in SA and intolarge portions of Africa. There are many aspects to theQA and QC component of a lining project which need tobe considered. These start from the initial resin andmaterial manufacturing, testing either by 3rd party or in-house systems, right down to the handling on site andinstallation work on the ground. In South Africa, manyConsulting Engineers have an appreciation of the effortand level of commitment needed to ensure the higheststandards are maintained, but unfortunately there is stilla lot of work to be done in this regard. The work thatGIGSA does in its education programs and seminars iscertainly moving the South African industry in the rightdirection.Engineered Linings ISO accreditation, quality manualsand stringent in-house and on-site training of site staff,from the site managers right down to the junior andapprentice welding technicians, are a key aspect inensuring...

Training of welding technicians

Locally trained Technicians on Projects in Africa

Note from theEditor

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Although the global recession is contributing to risingstress levels and nervousness, we continue to makeheadway in the development and implementation ofinnovative geosynthetic technologies in South Africa.This edition of the GIGSA newsletter indicates an activeinterest in the field, with some interesting articles beingsubmitted by members.

It s my pleasure to introduce you to our first new lookedition of the GIGSA newsletter for the year. There aresome exciting changes that were implemented and wewill continue to update and improve the newsletter asthe year progresses.

I d like to welcome aboard our new Layout Designer,Lionel Govender, who is responsible for the updateddesign of the newsletter. In keeping with the professionalimage of GIGSA, he s created a vibrant new format toshowcase your content.

With the need to provide our readers with relevantinformation on industry and GIGSA committee news,the structure of the newsletter has been refined.

Changes include the initiation of quarterly themes, thefirst of which is Testing, Analysis, Design and Quality— the theme for this edition. Future themes for the yearare as indicated in the Deadlines for Submissions tableon page 10 so plan your submissions now.

GIGSA committee activities will be reported on regularlyin the newsletter. We ll keep you informed on whatGIGSA is doing to further our mission and dedication tothe scientific and engineering development ofgeosynthetics and associated technologies in SouthAfrica.

It s going to be an exciting year with the inclusion ofvarious types of geosynthetics in landmark projectssuch as the Gautrain and Soccer World Cup stadiums.GIGSA news will bring you all the highlights and trendsin the industry so keep your ear to the geosphere andthose submissions rolling in!

Shakira SattarGIGSA Newsletter Editor

Send your comments andsuggestions for the GIGSAnewsletter to the Editor at:shakira@kaytech.co.za

EducationThe objectives of GIGSA include to

promote, co-ordinate and/or sponsor

research and development in universities

and to encourage academic institutions

to provide courses on geosynthetics and

their application. Certain academic

institutions within Gauteng have been

approached and the lecturers have shown

a keen interest in GIGSA presenting a

lecture on geosynthetics to their

students. Initially institutions in

Gauteng will be visited in 2009 and

other provinces will be included in the

following year. During these lectures

the broad range of geosynthetics products

and their application will be presented

and the role of GIGSA and benefits of

being a member will be given. Students

are encouraged to join GIGSA.

If you are interested in receiving this

GIGSA lecture, please contact

J a b u l i l e M s i z a v i a e - m a i l :

jabulile@jaws.co.za

GIGSA Awards: Call forNominations

Members are invited to submit their nominationsfor the biennial GIGSA awards in the following

categories:

Development and TechnologyConstruction

Outstanding service to GIGSA

Nominations must identify the nominee, indicateclearly which category a candidate is being

nominated for, and include a motivation of not morethan 300 words. The awardees will be chosen from

the nominations by a panel of three GIGSAcommittee members, and the decision will be

ratified by the President.All nominations to reach the Awards Committee c/o

Peter Legg (peterlegg@telkomsa.net)before the end of June 2009. We await your response!

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Pres SezWell we certainly hope you like the new layout to theGIGSA Newsletter.

The vibrancy of youth and creativity on our newcommittee for 2009-2010 is heartily welcomed andany thoughts of the older generation holding onto theirconservative ways will certainly be challenged.

I have been elected for a further two year term of officeas President of GIGSA.

As always it is not only an immense privilege andhonour but it is a pleasure to be of service to ourmembers and the geosynthetic community.

The new committee was announced and introducedin the last Newsletter of 2008 and you will see theircontribution coming through already in this edition.

This is a big year for GIGSA with GeoAfrica 2009 beingour biggest challenge to date.

The response both locally and internationally has beenfantastic and the abstracts were oversubscribed.Areserve bench has been set up for paper contributionsas well as exhibitors who are keen to participate shouldthere be a late withdrawal from the subscribedexhibitors.

The amount of work being put in toward the successof this conference by the GeoAfrica committee hasbeen overwhelming and is greatly appreciated.Particular mention should be made of the contributionsbeing made by Peter Legg, the Chairman, and PeterDavies, the Technical Committee Chairman.

As members you would have received my letter ofexplanation of the new membership categories asratified by our AGM in November last year. We atGIGSA believe that our members and prospectivemembers will see the value in remaining or becomingmembers.

Membership Categories

Students Free(proof of full-time registration required)

Individual Member R 300(includes membership of IGS and otherbenefits)

Affiliate Member R 1 000(overseas companies)

Benefactor R 3 000(companies registered in RSA)

The tradition of citing the goals and objectives forGIGSA for the next two years should not be forgottenand in my annual report to the InternationalGeosynthetics Society (IGS) and the last Newsletterin December 2008 I listed the objectives of the previoustwo years.

One is always pretty self-critical and I feel we couldhave delivered a little more for our members but wedid satisfy those objectives to a large degree throughseminars, reports-back on international conferencesand national specifications and guidelines.

So the objectives simply put are:

Grow the membership of GIGSA thereby exposing members, through the IGS, to the global geosynthetics network and the associated benefits.Make our members proud and pleased to be members and encourage their participation inGIGSA.Make Geosynthetics become an accepted andestablished part of Civil Engineering design and construction in South Africa.Educate and train all interested parties in Geosynthetics, to include tertiary institutions,practitioners.

There are a few days left to get the early bird discountsfor registration at GeoAfrica 2009.This is a rare opportunity for the local fraternity toattend and be exposed to keynote addresses andtechnical papers of the highest quality being presentedby the who s who of geosynthetics in the world.We hope to see you all there!

Geosynthetic Greetings,

Garth JamesPresident

Type of clamps Strength@2% strain

Strength@5% strain

Strength@10% strain

Split Spool Clamps(25mm)

Capstan Clamps(200mm)

53 kN/m 135 kN/m 283 kN/m

47 kN/m 124 kN/m 274 kN/m

Testing Geogrids

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Capstan Clamp

By Prakash JulalGeosynthetic Laboratorye-mail: Prakash@geolaboratory.comGeogrids are playing an increasingly important role in thecivil engineering field, and with the 2010 Soccer World Cuparound the corner and the Gautrain project in full swing,more and more projects require geogrids in soil reinforcementapplications. Quality Assurance testing is crucial to ensureconformance of these materials to the Engineer sspecifications. Speedy and efficient testing is required tosatisfy the client s needs.

Preparation of specimens using traditional CapstanClampsWarp knitted composite geogrids are very difficult to testdue to their construction and high strength. Capstan clampsare the preferred clamps for geogrids and are recommendedby testing institutions worldwide. For composite geogridscomprising high strength polyester or fibreglass yarns knittedto a non-woven fleece, the difficulty lies in the specimenpreparation. Specimens need to be 200mm wide as per teststandard (EN ISO 10319-96 Geotextiles — Wide Width TensileTest), and with as many as 24 yarn ends per specimen. Theknitting stitch holding each end needs to be removed toallow external extensometers to be used more efficientlywith each specimen. The specimen edges need to be gluedand padded to prevent slippage and damage of the yarnwithin the jaw area of the clamps. If the geogrid is a compositematerial, the fleeceshould also beremoved within thefree distancebetween the upperand lower roller asthey sometimesdisturb theextensometer sstrain trackingsystem (reflectivetape or clips) thatis attached to theyarn of the testspecimen.Even with an efficient technician doing the testing, a sampleof grid takes an entire day to prepare and test due to themeticulous nature of the method, and this takes its toll onthe technician.

Alternative: Split Spool ClampsAnother area of concern is the fact that it is extremely difficultto guarantee that each of the yarn ends being tested in the200mm wide capstan clamp is evenly tensioned during thetest. It was therefore decided to qualify the use of SplitSpool Clamps (SSC). These allow for 25mm wide specimensthat consist of a minimum of 3 yarn ends to be tested (alsoallowed as per ASTM D 6637-01 Standard Test Method forDetermining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single orMulti-rib Tensile Method). This significantly reduces thepreparation time thus increasing productivity. Anotheradvantage of the SSC is that it is self-tightening so there isno need to physically clamp together the 2 jaw faces, andmore importantly, it virtually guarantees that the ends being

Split Spool ClampExtensometer

tested are evenly tensioned during the pre-load and testingstage of the test.

Comparison of Test ResultsTests were conducted recently on a locally manufactured200kN composite geogrid. It was decided to test the productusing both the wide width and the narrow width test method.The grid was tested as per the international standard EN ISO10319.

Advantages of using Split Spool Clamps include: 4 times as many samples can be tested using the split spool clamps in the corresponding amount of time split spool clamps are easier to use due to it s smaller size and lighter mass there is less strain on the technician due to the shorter preparation times a smaller amount of consumables is required for preparation and testing the test results using the 2 types of clamps are comparable

In conclusionThere are definite advantages to using the narrow width SplitSpool Clamps. The results as shown in Table 1 suggest thatthere may be difficulties encountered in ensuring even tensionacross the specimen particularly when testing 200mm widecomposite geogrid specimens. This could be the reasonwhy the force values at the various strain levels differ bybetween 3 % and 12 %. However, further testing needs tobe done by other test facilities in comparing these 2 testingmethods before a proper correlation between the two methodscan be drawn.

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Reference: Koerner, R.M., Designing with Geosynthetics,5th Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall 2005

Quality Assurance:PolymerIdentification

Finally, check your observations against known characteristics of each polymer.

This method of polymer identification is subjective andis therefore not conclusive. However, it will allow aninitial assessment of the polymer to be made. For further,more accurate testing of the polymer, there are a numberof chemical analysis tests that can be done.

Remember that additives may affect the results (forexample, flame retardants).Appropriate caution must be taken with flames and hotsubstances!

The following table is a summary of some typical polymercharacteristics:

Polymer BurningBehaviour Flame Colour Smoke Odour given off Residue

Polystyrene (PS)

Burns readily andcontinues to burnwhen moved away

from flame

Burns slowlywith jittery flame

Burns readily andcontinues to burnwhen moved away

from flame

Does not burneasily and goes

out whenmoved awayfrom flame

Depends on amountof plasticisers —most plasticisers

burn readily

Difficult toignite

Burns readilywith jittery flameand continues to

burn when movedaway from flame

Blue withyellow tip

Yellow

No clear blue atthe base of flame

unless carbonblack is present

Yellow with greenspurts

Yellow

Slight green flame(chlorine)

Orange-yellow

Yes

White smoke

Black smoke

Dense blacksmoke containing

soot

When flame isextinguished,

smells of moltenwax

Sweet, floral

Faint odour ofburning asphalt

Acidic smell

Mostly floral butwith acidic smell

Burning woolor hair

Smells like benzene

Becomes clear whenit melts and drips.Soft ash the samecolour as material

Molten materialdrips. Blackish bead.

Hard, light tan ash

Froths whenignited

As a wider range of geosynthetic products becomeavailable on the market, it is sometimes quite difficult toidentify whether a material on site is composed of thetype of polymer specified. This is mostly due to thesimilarity in the look and feel of products to each other,especially geotextiles. A quick test that can be performedis a burn test:

Hold the sample to the edge of the flame until it ignites (up to 10 seconds). If the material burns, take note of the colour of the flame, nature of the smoke, presence of soot in the air or if the sample drips. Then remove the sample from the flame and observe its reaction and smoke. Extinguish the flame and cautiously smell the fumes.

Polyethylene (HDPE andLLDPE)

Floats on water

Polyester (PET)sinks in water

Polypropylene (PP)Floats on water

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)Unplasticised

sinks in water

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)Plasticised

sinks in water

Polyamide (PA)

Coastal Park LandfillSite : New PiggybackCell (Phase 1A)

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By: Richard EmeryJeffares and Greene-mail: emeryr@jgi.co.za

The earthworks for the new profile will largely be undertakenby re-shaping the existing waste and cover material ratherthan importing expensive fill and losing potential air-space.Vertical ribbon (wick) drains will be installed within theexisting waste for the purpose of landfill gas management.

In addition, the Contract stipulates that all the geosyntheticlayers be installed in a continuous operation by experiencedgeosynthetic installers. The civil contractor therefore has nohand to play from the start of installing the secondary syntheticliner to the installation of the protection geotextile. Thus onlypersons familiar with the risks of installing and handlinggeosynthetic sheeting need be involved.

Geosynthetic clay liners and modified mineral liners wereconsidered as alternatives to the secondary geosyntheticLLDPE membrane, but were not finally chosen due to therisk of desiccation as the liner is placed directly on top ofa sand gas drainage layer where elevated temperatures areexpected during the gas extraction operations.

Figure: Waste profile and settlement model

Scale H:V = 1:5

Final Design level before loadingLevel Drop due to global settlementAllowable Settlement designed forNGL/waste level at june 2008

LEACHATE COLLECTION MEDIAGEOTEXTILESAND

PROTECTION GEOTEXTILEPRIMARY GEOSYNTHETIC LINERSYNTHETIC CUSPATED DRAINSECONDARY GEOSYNTHETIC LINERSAND

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT FABRIC

CUT/FILL USING EXISTING WASTE

CHOICE OF LINING SYSTEM:

LEACHATECOLLECTION

LAYER

LEAKDETECTION

LAYER

BASE PREPARATIONLAYERS AND

GAS MANAGEMENT

Typical Detail of Basal Lining System for Piggy-back Cells

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Mission of the eventTo provide a super-cost-effective 2-day event which is practical andinsightful, ensuring that all attendeesgain useful "tools" to achieve "TheFunctional Landfill" in all respects,aiming to cover hands-on issues fromconstruction methods and experiencesfrom contractors to consultants, designsys tems, mun ic ipa l ro les &responsibi l i t ies, technical andmanagerial advances in the industry,opportunities for involvement, etc.This is a low-cost, high-value event.

If you or yourorganisation is

interested in presenting a paper/Advertising/ Sponsorship/ Exhibiting/

AccommodationPlease contact Lesley Ferreira,

Cebisa Conferences (see below)

Correspondence andEnquiries

Lesley Ferreira, Cebisa Conferenceslesley@cebisaconferences.co.za

Ph: 021 559 4574, Cell: 082 494 5475

CostR750 per Delegate, including refreshments,Social Meet and Greet event˚and lunches forboth days. There is a limited number of seatsand attendance will be on a first come firstserve basis.

With the ongoing evolution of the GIGSA, the committeehas recognised the need to make certain amendmentsto the GIGSA constitution. A brief description of thesechanges follows:

Clause 3: MembershipChanges to member categories.Benefactor s entitlement to be Partcipant SAICEGeotechnical Division members.Pre-requisites to become a Benefactor.Affiliate members local representatives and qualificationfor GIGSA membership.

Clause 6: Subscription & FinanceVarying subscription fees per member category.

Clause 7: VotesAffiliate members have no voting rights, but their local

Proposed changeto the GIGSAConstitution

representative, if a member of GIGSA, has one vote.Clause 10: Responsibility of Officers

Payments by Electronic Fund Transfer to be approvedby President or Immediate Past President.

Members:

Please indicate by e-mail to the GIGSA President, GarthJames (garth@kaytech.co.za), whether you approve ofthe above amendments to the constitution or not.The vote will be ratified at an Annual General Meetingor an Extraordinary Meeting (to be announced).

If you require a verbatim copy of the clause amendments,please contact the GIGSA President,

LANDFILL 2009The Functional Landfill

The Landfill Interest Group – Western Cape announces the 8th Bi-ennial Seminar on Waste Disposal by Landfill.

CAPE TOWN19 – 20 OCTOBER 2009

The seminar will focus on the practices and practicalities of landfills in a South African context.It will bring together experts from the industry and provide a forum for the exchange of views, knowledge and experience.

Theme“The Functional Landfill”

GeosyntheticInstrumentation:Innovative FibreOptic Technologyfor monitoring soilstructures

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In the civil engineering environment we find ourselvestoday, we are building faster, higher and in more spacerestricted areas than ever before. As sites become lessideal and new technology comes to the fore, it is becomingmore necessary to provide survey and instrumentationof civil engineering structures. These surveys either actas early warning systems to detect the first signs ofdegradation, or they provide the designers/clients withinformation on the behaviour of their structures. In thefield of geosynthetics, it is mostly requested in the caseof soil subsidence risk relating to the quicker constructiontechniques available using geosynthetic reinforced soil.The innovative Geodetect fibre optic system is aneffortless means of instrumenting these structures.

Unlike steel or concrete, the polymeric and non-homogeneous properties of some geosynthetics makereliable and robust instrumentation on geosyntheticsdifficult. The incorporation of optical fibre, complete withstrain sensors, into the reinforcement geosyntheticenables the measurement of strains in the geosynthetic,without the need of complicated placement of straingauges and cumbersome calibration.

The sensors in the optical fibre employ the technique ofFibre Bragg Gratings (FBG). FBG is a diffracting elementprinted in the photosensitive core of a single mode opticfibre. The grating reflects a spectral peak based on thegrating spacing, therefore, changes in the length of thefibre due to tension or compression will change thegrating spacing and the wavelength ( ) of light that isreflected back. As a result, quantitative strainmeasurements can be made by measuring the wavelengthof the reflected spectral peak.

An interesting feature is that by using differentwavelengths, signals of various FBG sensors can bedistinguished and multiple sensors can be integrated inseries on a single optic fibre line. In this way, severalsensors can be measured simultaneously and the locationof the strains identified. The measurement system consistsof a data collection device (Geodetect FBG-Scan) and acomputer/laptop allowing the assessment of the readings.The Geodetect FBG-Scan is also available in a hand-heldversion that can be connected to a PDA.

Installation of Geodetect

Geodetect

To integrate strain sensors so as to become an intrinsic partof the geosynthetic, and thus, an intelligent geosynthetic,continuous length optical fibre impregnated with FBG sensors,is inserted into the reinforcement geosynthetic using a specialmanufacturing process. As the FBG s are laser impregnated,the characteristic of every FBG is consistent to one anotherand calibration of wavelength versus strain need only beconducted on one FBG. In this way you avoid complicatedcalibration whilst still ensuring that accuracy of themeasurements is not compromised.

Extensive laboratory and full scale testing has proven thesystem to be easy to install, robust and accurate up to5 - 6% strain. Geodetect offers a multitude of advantages toengineers, including providing the opportunity for remotedata acquisition and the implementation of early warningsystems to help mitigate disaster in the event of potentialfailure problems.

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GeoAfrica 2009 will bring together Africa s geosynthetic, scientific and business communities — creating, for thefirst time, this truly unique forum. The event will identify and discuss technology as it relates to Africa s keyregional challenges, burgeoning markets and varied needs.

Technical ProgrammeThe programme is being crafted from the 150+ abstractssubmitted; approximately 100 papers will be presented overthe three-day conference. Papers will address each of the 6functions of geosynthetics including separation, filtration,drainage, reinforcement, containment (fluid/gas barriers) anderosion control. Issues facing transportation, mining, waste andwater management, among others, will be addressed by thegeosynthetics community and regional practitioners.Full technical programme registration includes a full-daysightseeing trip to the fascinating Spier Wine Estate. Details ofthe final technical programme will be provided in the finalannouncement and on the website closer to the opening of theconference. The official language of the conference is English.

ExhibitorsCurrently Sold Out, the Exhibition will be held concurrent tothe conference with some dedicated Exhibit Hall activitiesincluding the Opening Night Welcome Reception. Manufacturersand Service Providers will showcase their products and servicesto potential clients from throughout Africa. For more informationor to get on the Exhibit Hall waiting list, please contact theConference Secretariat.

Social ProgrammeBeginning with the Opening Night Welcome Reception (in theExhibit Hall) abundant networking opportunities will be presentedat GeoAfrica 2009. A wonderful Theme Dinner and a full daySpier Wine Estate tour are also included in Full Registration.Tickets are available for accompanying persons to join theseevents!

Accompanying Person ProgrammeDuring each of the 3 conference days, an accompanying person sprogramme will be offered. Complete details of these tours arecurrently available on the website.

Pre & Post ToursA full range of activities are available pre/post conference. Fromsafari adventures and horticultural excursions to world classgolf, this tour programme has something for virtually everyone!

Advertisers & SponsorsCreate brand recognition while contributing to the growth of ourindustry. There are a few remaining opportunities for advertisingand sponsorship. Details of these opportunities and related costscan be found on the website in the Exhibitor s section.

Registration for GeoAfrica 2009 is Now Open!

We look forward to welcoming you to GeoAfrica 2009

The calendar will be updated on aquarterly basis. If you wish to include anevent, please send details to Kim Barnardat geotexgp@iafrica.com

VENUEPSV Holdings office, JhbStrathclyde University, Glasgow, Scotland, UKKaytech office, JhbRSASardinia, ItalyEgyptCape TownGeotextiles Africa office, Jhb

EVENTGIGSA committee meetingFourth International Symposium on Contaminated Sediments:GIGSA committee meetingGeoAfrica 2009Global Waste Management SymposiumISSGLandfill 2009GIGSA committee meeting

DATE27 May30 June - 3 July12 August2-4 September12 SeptemberOctober19 - 20 October11 November

2009 GIGSA Calendar of Events

www.GeoAfrica2009.org

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March 09

June 09

September 09

December 09

Testing, Analysis, Design & Quality

Reinforcement & Stabilisation

Environmental Protection including Waste Containment

Hydraulic and Coastal Applications

Current Edition

1 June 2009

1 September 2009

23 November 2009

Publication Date Submission Deadline

*If you require theme descriptions, please contact the Editor

Theme

Deadlines for Submissions

The conference will be organized by both IGS Brasil(the Brazilian chapter of IGS) and ABMS (BrazilianSoil Mechanics Association), and supported by ABINT(Brazilian Non-Textile and Technical Fabric Industry

Association), under the sponsorship of IGS(International Geosynthetics Society).

New!! The GIGSA newsletter will now be publishingthemed content on a quarterly basis.

Make sure that you get your submissions in beforethe deadlines indicated below:

Launch of the GIGSA GCLSpecificationAfter much time and effort, the GIGSA GCLSpecification: GIGSA 1200 W(GCL) — 2008, isavailable to interested parties. Many people fromall the relevant facets of the industry were involvedin its conception, and last year, GIGSA hostedworkshops around the country with the resultingfeedback on the specifications incorporated intothe final document.

The specification will be updated as new productsappear, testing standards change or morecomments/suggestions are made.

Well done to all who were involved in putting thespecification together. This document is sure tohelp specifiers of GCLs maintain quality standardsand workmanship.

To obtain a copy of GIGSA 1200 W(GCL) — 2008,please contact Riva Nortje: nortje@jaws.co.za

SPECIFICATION TITLE: GIGSA 1200 W(GCL) - 2008PRO-FORMA STANDARDISEDSPECIFICATION FOR REINFORCEDNEEDLEPUNCHED GEOSYNTHETICCLAY LINERS (GCLs)

REV. : A

DATE : December 2008

ORIGINATOR : GIGSA GCL Committee

PS GCL GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER

PS GCL 1 Scope

PS GCL 2 Interpretations

PS GCL 3 Materials and Manufacturing

PS GCL 4 Packaging, Transportation, Handling and Storage

PS GCL 5 Construction

PS GCL 6 Tolerances

PS GCL 7 Testing

PS GCL 8 Documentation

PS GCL 9 Measurement and Payment

GIGSA

PRO FORMA SPECIFICATION FOR REINFORCED GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS

Go to www.9icg-brazil2010.info

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Published by GIGSAc/o The South African Institution of Civil EngineersPostnet Suite 82, Private Bag X65Halfway House, 1685www.gigsa.org

DisclaimerThe Geosynthetics Interest Group of South Africa and the South African Instituteof Civil Engineering accept no responsibility for any statements made or opinionsexpressed in this publication. Consequently nobody connected with the publicationof the magazine, in particular the proprietors, the publishers and the editors,will be liable for any loss or damage sustained by any reader as a result of hisor her action upon any statement or opinion published in this newsletter.

B e n e f a c t o r C o m p a n i e sT

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The Reinforced Earth Company

Maccaferri SA

Geotechnologies

GAST

Safyr

Engineered Linings

Kaytech

Aquatan

Geotextiles Africa

SRK Consulting

Jones & Wagener

Du Pont SA

Gundle Geosynthetics

ARQ Consulting Engineers

Land Rehabilitation Systems

www.safyr.co.zaPO Box 20 Hammarsdal, 3700

Tel: (031) 736 7100 Fax: (031) 736 7115

www.englining.co.zaPO Box 36614, Chempet,7442

Tel: (021) 551 2430 Fax: (021) 552 5928

www.kaytech.co.zaPO Box 116, Pinetown, 3600

Tel: (031) 717 2300 Fax: (031) 702 3173

www.aquatan.comPO Box 633, Isando, 1600

Tel: (011) 974 5271 Fax: (011) 974 4111

geotex@iafrica.comPO Box 5930 Boksburg, 1461

Tel: jhb(071) 678 7650 cpt(021) 701 3569

www.srk.co.zaPO Box 55291 Northlands, 2116

Tel: (011) 441 1111 Fax: (011) 441 1147

www.jaws.co.zaPO Box 1434, RIVONIA, 2128

Tel: (011) 519 0200 Fax: (011) 5190201

http://www2.dupont.com/South_Africa_Country_Site/en_ZA/index.html

PO Box 3332, Halfway house, 1685Tel: (012) 683-5600 Fax: (012) 683 5663

www.gundle.co.zaPO Box 455, Springs, 1560

Tel: (011) 813 2180 Fax: (011) 813 2189

www.lrs.co.zaPO Box 153 Randpark Ridge, 2156

Tel: (011) 794 5220 Fax: (011) 795 2990

www.arq.co.za6 Daventry St Lynnwood Manor, 0081

Tel: (012) 348 6668 Fax: (012) 348 6669

www.recosa.co.zaPO Box 91231, Auckland Park, 2006

Tel: (011) 726 6180 Fax: (011) 726 5908

www.maccaferri.co.zaPO Box 15777, Westmead, 3608

Tel: (031) 700 8456 Fax: (031) 700 8469

PO Box 2045, Rivonia, 2128Tel: (011) 234 8770 Fax: (011) 234 3713

www.gast.co.zaPO Box 9516, Hennopspark, 0046

Tel: (012) 660 1616 Fax: (012) 660 2093

EditorShakira Sattarshakira@kaytech.co.zaTel: 031 717 2300

DesignLionel Govender, Durban