procurement, purchasing and contract management has never ...€¦ · significant player in the...

© Primona och REUSE Company 2019

Procurement, purchasing and contract management has never been easier, prettier or smarter than with the introduction om AI.ENCOSE SPAIN Madrid 14:th November 2019

Ragnar LindholmHead of marketing, [email protected]+46-70-6960740


Fleminggatan 20A

Stockholm

1998founded

+330Public sector organisations publish via Kommers+400

organisations

+100000Suppliers monitor procurements free of charge on

Kommers Annons on daily basis

Primona develops Kommers, for procurement and purchasing

http://www.svevia.se/


Primona co-operate with Spanish REUSE Company

❑Primona’s primary focus is to make the need-to-invoice-process efficient▪ Significant player in the public sector in Sweden.▪ Kommers Procurement include management of

structured templates, phrase libraries and a procurement library. Requirement texts have, until now, been left solely to the Procurement Officer.

▪ Identified need for assisting customers in requirement specification work.

❑REUSE Company, an expert in NLP▪ Experience from System Engineering and Requirement

Specification in the aerospace industry and automotive industry, where an incorrect specification can be life critical.

▪ See a large potential in addressing the public sector.


Evolution of procurement systems



2000 BC

BCMARKET

How much for 10 sheeps?

2 cows!



Dear Sir!

Please

quote a

new doll

1880 AC

!

Dear

Madam!

Barbie

for

£ 0.75



1930 AC



1970 AC

UNA:+.? '

UNB+IATB:1+6XPPC+LHPPC+940101:0950+1'

UNH+1+PAORES:93:1:IA' MSG+1:45'

IFT+3+XYZCOMPANY AVAILABILITY'

ERC+A7V:1:AMD' IFT+3+NO MORE FLIGHTS'

ODI'

TVL+240493:1000::1220+FRA+JFK+DL+400+C'

PDI++C:3+Y::3+F::1'

APD+74C:0:::6++++++6X'

TVL+240493:1740::2030+JFK+MIA+DL+081+C'

PDI++C:4' APD+EM2:0:1630::6+++++++DA'

UNT+13+1' UNZ+1+1'

*Heathrow freight scheme ”LACES” is the basis for the UN/Edifactstandard in e-commerce



1995 AC

How much

for

Win95?

$250

+

Support



2014 AC

Contract specification

How much

for a PC?Tender

e-procuremente-tenderinge-auction

e-commercee-signing

e-contracte-orderinge-invoicing


So….?

Procurement systemssimply evolve with other technical achievements


Modern procurement systems


What functionality does a basic procurement system provide today?

Suppliers (Tenderers)

Buyer(Procurement Officer)

Procurement portal Supplier portal

Planning

Contract Spec Work

Invitation/Publishing

Q&A

Tender opening

Evaluation

Decision and award

Contract, frame agreement

Archive and close

Search and monitor

Read and download

Q&A

Write tender

Submit tender

E-auction

Messages

Upload pricelist

e-Sign contracts


Earlier versions of procurement systems were limited to publish files and receive tenders as files.

Create contract specification documents

Upload in procurement

system

Publish notice / invite

Receive e-tenders as document

Evaluate tender

documents

❑Contract specifications were created outside the platform❑Tenders were evaluated outside the platform

Older procurement system


Newer procurement systems embed specification work and evaluation inside the platform

Create contract specification documents

Publish notice /

invite

Receive e-tenders

Automated evaluation of

tenders

❑The procurement process is planned inside the platform❑Contract specifications are created inside the platform❑Tenders are evaluated using automation inside the platform

Newer procurement system

Prepare evaluation

Plan Award


Kommers


• A modular business system for the entire procurement and purchasing process.

• From need and project start up to procurement, contract management, ordering, invoice management and follow up - in a fully integrated process. Traceability at all stage.

• Responsive and adaptive user interface through all modules. Intuitive use for minimal training. Support for mobile use.

• Available as a SaaS service or Single tenant system (eNterprise)

• Verified and selected for high security applications.

What is Kommers?


18

SUPPLIER PORTAL(Kommers Annons)

SUPPLIER1 SUPPLIER2 SUPPLIER3

SYSTEM PARAMETERS

DATA

CUSTOMPARA-

METERS

DATA DATA

SUPPLIER ORDERSYSTEM

FINANCE SYSTEM

DATASOURCES

BI-SYSTEM

PROCURMENT PORTAL (core)

…

Buyer / Procurement officer

Supplier / Tenderer

CREDIT CHECKCOMPANIES

DMZ

Kommers Architecture

CUSTOMPARA-

METERS

CUSTOMPARA-

METERS

KOMMERS CENTRAL SERVICES

TAXAUTHORITY

E-SIGNING

E-SENTOOL(TED)

PROCUREMENTCATALOGUE

KOMMERS MONITORING

KOMMERS KAI

KOMMERS KAI

Possible if Kommers eNterprise

FIREWALL


SUPPLIER RELATIONSSHIP MANAGEMENT

ORGANISATIONALNEEDS

SUPPLIER DATABASE

PROCUREMENTCONTRACT

MANAGEMENTPURCHASE

ORDERINVOICE

MANMAGEMENTPAY

RECLAIM AND SANCTION

PROJECT- AND COST CENTRE MANAGEMENT

A model for the entire procure-to-pay process



ORGANISATIONALNEEDS

SUPPLIER DATABASE

PROCUREMENTCONTRACT

MANAGEMENTPURCHASE

ORDERINVOICE

MANMAGEMENTPAY



Modular design for the entire procure-to-pay process



ORGANISATIONALNEEDS

SUPPLIER DATABASE

PROCUREMENTCONTRACT

MANAGEMENTPURCHASE

ORDERINVOICE

MANMAGEMENTPAY



From need to contract



ORGANISATIONALNEEDS

SUPPLIER DATABASE

PROCUREMENTCONTRACT

MANAGEMENTPURCHASE

ORDERINVOICE

MANMAGEMENTPAY


From contract to invoice


23

SUPPLIER

Approve,

categorize, and

track current

vendors

CONTRACT

The Agreement catalog

displays valid

agreements with

approved vendors.

The contract related

goods and services

are structured in

articles, collected in

price lists and made

orderable

FREE TEXT ORDER

Enkel fritextbeställning

med orderrader följt av

attest

INVOICEPRICE LIST

ARTICLE

ORDER

Selection of articles in the

internal order shop

followed by certificate.

DELIVERY ATTEST

Checking the delivery

Logic and traceability

Who ordered?

Are you coming attesterade?

Who approved the delivery?

Which agreement was used?

Who is responsible for the agreement?

What are the commercial conditions?

How much have we ordered on the

contract?

How much have we bought from

this supplier?

Is it the right articles

ordered?

Is it the right prices?

Which articles have

disappeared or been added?

Have prices changed?

Who mede the

procurement?

Request

from who?

Kommers Project module can be used for control of the entire P2P-process

AC

TIV

ITY

TIME

NEED ANALYSIS

MARKET ANALYSIS

PROCUREMENT

CONTRACT/AGREEMENT

FOLLOW UP

REQUEST

Planned Current

RFI

Kommers ProjeCt

Kommers

Procurement

Kommers Enkät, Reklamation, Sanktion -------------------→

Supplier reccord

Kommers Market

PURCHASE ORDER

Kommers Contract

Kommers Order

25

AC

TIV

ITY

RESOURCE PLANNING

MARKET ANALYSIS

PROCUREMENT

CONTRACT

DEVIATIONS

REQUEST

Planned Current

Kommers Project

Kommers

Procurement

Kommers Survey, Reclaim, Sanction -------→

Kommers Market

AFTER MARKET ORDER

Kommers Contract

Kommers Order

PROCUREMENT

PROCUREMENT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

TIME PLANNING

RFI

ORDER/DELIVERY

ORDER/DELIVERY

ORDER/DELIVERY

FOLLOW UP

Kommers Project module can be used for control of the entire P2P-process

26

Project

Request Procurement Contract

Interoperation between modules Survey

From PROJECT output is e.g. • Procurement templates• Field information for bookmarks• Article specification

From REQUEST comes e.g:• Commercial strategy• Project connection• Article specification

Output from PROCURMENT, e.g:• Supplier information• Tender prices• Contract paragraphs• Tender rank

In CONTRACT module:• Contract documents• Contract catalogue• Contract planning

SURVEY can be used for e.g:• Contract follow up


Procurement officers are guided in a process specifically for the selected procedure.


Example of a one-step procurement

PLAN AND CATEGORISE

CONTRACTSPECIFICATION DOCUMENTS

INQUIRYOPENING,

EVALUATION, AWARD DECISION

CONTRACT OR FRAME

AGREEMENT

ARCHIVE AND FINISH

MONI-TORING

REGISTER AND FOLLOW

CREATE TENDER

SUBMIT TENDER

RECEIVE AWARD

INFO

SIGN CONTRACT AND PRICELIST

ADDI-TIONS

SUPPLIER PORTAL


Supplier / Tenderer

PROCUREMENT AND PURCHASING PORTAL (CORE)


Example of a two-step procurement

PLAN AND CATEGORISE

CONTRACTSPECIFICATION DOCUMENTS

INQUIRYOPENING,

EVALUATION, AWARD DECISION

CONTRACT OR FRAME

AGREEMENT

ARCHIVE AND FINISH

MONI-TORING

REGISTER AND FOLLOW

CREATE TENDER

SUBMIT TENDER

RECEIVE AWARD

INFO

SIGN CONTRACT AND PRICELIST

ADDI-TIONS

SUPPLIER PORTAL


Supplier / Tenderer

PROCUREMENT AND PURCHASING PORTAL (CORE)

APPLICATION PROCESS INCL.

Q&A

APPLICATION


Example of a two-step procurement


The Reference group function allows different internal groups participate in part of the procurement


Selective and public invitation

Buyer / Procurement officer Supplier / Tenderer

PUBLIC

NOTICE

Monitoring service

A

B

C

Suplier

Buyer / Procurement officer Supplier / Tenderer

SELECTIVE INVITATION

A

B

C

Suplier

PROCUREMENT PORTAL SUPPLIER


Procurement officers have the freedom to build specifications using various formats• Structured

criteria/contract specification (information and form based questions)

• Structured price/article specification

• Documents (files)

• Very large archives (for works)


• Editing structured contract specification resembles what you expect from a word processor:

• Preview mode• Contents outline mode• Editing mode

• Possibility to create PDF


A structured phrase is not just text, it consist of:

• Heading info• Name• Automatic numbering• Indent level, e.g. 1.2.3.4.5.6

• Text with full formatting including tables, pictures and book marks

• A criteria type definition• Information• Qualification criteria (on tenderer)• “Shall criteria” (for product/service)• “Should criteria” (3 different types)

• Attribute settings• Use as agreement paragraph• Supplier can add comment• Comment is mandatory• Supplier can refer to files• Assessment only by procurer

• Response options with value• Simple response to comply• Selection list• Multiple selection list• Form questions


Structured format increase steadily

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

-

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Prognos 2018

Andel strukturerade upphandlingar över total Kommers eLite + Kommers Inköp Gävleborg

Antal annonserade upphandlingar * Antal strukturerade över total* Direktupphandlingar Ratio

Andel strukturerat över totalAntal upphandlingar


Master template (SuperAdmin)

12. This is a common criteria text

to be used in procurement and

templates

1. This criteria was typed in

manually for this template


manually for this procurement



templates



templates



templates



templates

2. This text was copied from a

procurement

2. This criteria was imported from

file

3. This text was selected from a

Master library and therefore not

possible to edit

4. This criteria was imported from

file

4. This criteria comes from a

template

Template 1


manually for this template



possible to edit

Template 2



possible to edit

Add from template

Add from procurement

Add from file

Import from Word/pdf

Create new

Phrase libraries and template hierarchy


template

9. This criteria comes directly from

a Master library

Add from template


Add from file


Create new

Add from template


Add from file


Create new

3. This criteria was copied from

another procurement


template and indirect from a

Master library

7. This criteria was entered manual

8. This criteria comes from another

template

Template (SuperUser) Procurement (ProcOfficer)

Master template 1 Procurement A

Phrase libraries and templates facilitate internal harmonisation…

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Contract specification

2. SUPPLIER QUALIFICATION

3. ADMINISTRATIVE CONDITIONS

7. EVALUATION

8. ADDITIONAL CONTRACTUAL

CONDITIONS

4. REQUIREMENTS ON PRODUCT

5. REQUIREMENTS ON SERVICES

6. OTHER REQUIREMENTS

..however, they do not improve the quality of requirements on the product or service!

39

AFA.1 Det här kravet hämtades via

projekt. Är låst från projektmallen.

AFA.12. Det här kravet hämtades

via projekt. Är ej reigerbar.

AFA.13 Det här kravet hämtades

via projekt. Är redigerbar.

AFA.121 Det här kravet hämtades

via projekt. Är redigerbar.

AUA.1 Det här kravet kommer från

mall Konsult. Är låst

AUA.3 Det här kravet skrevs

manuellt

9. Det här kravet hämtades direkt

från AMA-mallen. Är låst.

8. Det här kravet kom från AMA-

mallen och är låst

Html/pdf stylsheet PDF

+ =

How a pdf-file is created

Structured document

Template management

40

Mastermall

41

Kommers proprietary import and export format

42

Settings (header)

Section (segment)

Name Rubriken på huvudkapitlet (segmentet)

Description Beskrivande text i html-format

IsAgreementSegment {True/False}

Ta med i avtalet även om inga stycken i

sektionen

SeqNo {#} Sekvensnummer på segment, första = 0

<Segments><Segment><Name>ALLMÄN ORIENTERING</Name><Description>I detta kapitel beskrivs upphandlingen och

kontraktsföremålet.</Description><IsAgreementSegment>true</IsAgreementSegment><SeqNo>0</SeqNo>

SegmentHolder Generella inställningar för alla segmentAutomaticNumbering {True/False} Automatisk numrering (Ja/Nej)

AllowRequestSecrecy {True/False}Tillåt att anbudsgivare begär sekretess på enskilt krav (Ja/Nej)

SegmentHolderType {CriteriaTemplateSet} Typ av format (idag endast en)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<SegmentHolder>

<AutomaticNumbering>true</AutomaticNumbering>

<AllowRequestSecrecy>false</AllowRequestSecrecy>

<SegmentHolderType>CriteriaTemplateSet</SegmentHolderType>


43

<Criterion>

<CriterionText>Hässle stad<br /> Kommunledningskontoret,

Tekniska avdelningen <br /> Norra Kringelvägen 11<br />

987 65 HÄSSLE STAD<br /> Tel. 0987‐65 43

21</CriterionText>

<AllowFileReference>false</AllowFileReference>

<AllowSupplierComment>false</AllowSupplierComment>

<AnsweredByProcurer>true</AnsweredByProcurer>

<CreateDate>2019-10-04T12:16:15.127</CreateDate>

<DeleteDate/>

<CriterionType>QualificationCriteria</CriterionType>

<DeletedInformation/>

<EspdId></EspdId>

<LockMode>NoLock</LockMode>

<Heading>Deltagande i en kriminell organisation</Heading>

<IndentCount>0</IndentCount>

<IndexNumber>1.1</IndexNumber>

<IsAgreementParagraph>false</IsAgreementParagraph>

<SeqNo>0</SeqNo>

<SupplierCommentMandatory>false</SupplierCommentMandatory>

<Options>

<Option>

<Description>Kravet uppfylls:</Description>

<Value>0</Value>

</Option>

</Options>

</Criterion>

CriterionText Beskrivande text i html

AllowFileReference {true/false}Om True visas filbläddrare och tillåt uppladdning av fil

AllowSupplierComment {True/False} Om True visas kommentarsfält och tillåt kommentar

AnsweredByProcurer {True/False}Om True stängs möjlighet att göra självuppskattning enligt svarsalternativen

CreateDate {YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS} Datum och tidpunkt då kravet skapades

DeleteDate {YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS} Datum och tidpunkt då kravet ströksCriterionType {

PureTextCriteriaQualificationCriteriaShallCriteriaShouldCriteriaShouldMultipleChoiceShouldMultipleChoiceExcluding

KravtypEndast informationstextKvalificeringskravSkakravBörkrav (enkelt binärt)Börkrav med flervalBörkrav med flerval, ett valbart

EspdId Guid med ESPD-kod för identifiering av kravetLockMode {

AllLockedLockedTextsLockedOptionsNoLock

Lås för redigeringAllt låstLåsta texterLåsta inställningarInget låst

Heading Rubrik

IndentCount {0,1,2,3,4,5} Indenteringsnivå 0-5

IndexNumber Indexnummer om numrering

IsAgreementParagraph {true/false} Om true är paragrafen uppmärkt som avtalsparagraf

SeqNo {#} Sekvensordning på kravet

SupplierCommentMandator {true/false} Om true kommer kommentar att krävasOption

DescriptionValue

SvarsalternativBeskrivande textMatematiskt värde (poäng/mervärde)

Paragraph (criterion)Kommers proprietary import and export format

44

<InformationRequests>

<InformationRequest>

<RequestText>Ditt svar?</RequestText>

<Mandatory>true</Mandatory>

<EspdId>005eb9ed-1347-4ca3-bb29-9bc0db64e1ab_Group[0]_Requirement[0]</EspdId>

<ResponseType>INDICATOR</ResponseType>

</InformationRequest>

Paragraph continue (criterion)

FortsättningInformationRequests

RequestTextMandatory {true/false}EspdIdResponseType

{INDICATORDESCRIPTIONEVICENCE_URLCODEDATEPERIODCODE_COUNTRYQUANTITYQUANTITY_INTEGERQUANTITY_YEARSAMOUNTPERCENTAGE

InformationsfrågaBeskrivande frågaObligatoriskt svarGuid med för id för svarsalternativetSvarstyp

Rullist Ja/NejSvarsfält fritextWebblänkKodDatumfältDatumintervallLandskodNumeriskt värdeHeltal nummerHeltal årBelopp och valutaProcentsats


Tendering and evaluation

med Kommers gör vi inköp lättare...

Theori evaluation model

PRICE

QUALITY

Max budget

Lowest

quality level

Higher

quality no

feature

Unreasonably

low price

PRICE

QUALITY

Max

budget

Lowest

quality level

Higher

quality no

feature

Unreasonably

low price

0

Maximum

added

value

”Shall”

”Should”


• Evaluation models are fundamental in procurement (public or private)

• The principle is that the tender proces (P) and quality (Q) are evaluated together to result in a ranking list (R) of the tenders.


Svar på

krav&kriteriefråga

.

Modell

Svar på

artikel&prisfråga

∑ Q

∑ P

R

Resultat för

rangordning

Funktion (Q, P)

Efter utvärdering av

upphandlare

Efter justering

saknade artiklar och

förhandling


Example of evaluation model “Added value”


.

Model

∑ Q

∑ P

RR= f (P, Q)

Anbudsgivare

/ Tenderer

Prisvärde /

Price value

(P)

Mervärde /

Addded value

(V)

Jämförelsepris

Comparison value

(C)

Rang

/Rank

(R)

8 1 167 000 kr 160 000 kr 1 007 000 kr 1

12 1 107 000 kr 60 000 kr 1 047 000 kr 2

17 1 267 000 kr 160 000 kr 1 107 000 kr 3

9 1 377 000 kr 260 000 kr 1 117 000 kr 4

12 1 207 000 kr 0 kr 1 207 000 kr 5

4 1 307 000 kr 100 000 kr 1 207 000 kr 6

2 1 307 000 kr 60 000 kr 1 247 000 kr 7

18 1 367 000 kr 60 000 kr 1 307 000 kr 87

5

6

14

4

21

• Exempel

Linjärskalemodellen


.

Model

∑ Q

∑ P

RR= f (P, Q)

Anbudsgivare

/ Tenderer

Prisvärde /

Price value

(P)

Mervärde /

Addded value

(V)

Jämförelsepris

Comparison value

(C)

Rang

/Rank

(R)

8 1 167 000 kr 160 000 kr 1 007 000 kr 1

12 1 107 000 kr 60 000 kr 1 047 000 kr 2

17 1 267 000 kr 160 000 kr 1 107 000 kr 3

9 1 377 000 kr 260 000 kr 1 117 000 kr 4

12 1 207 000 kr 0 kr 1 207 000 kr 5

4 1 307 000 kr 100 000 kr 1 207 000 kr 6

2 1 307 000 kr 60 000 kr 1 247 000 kr 7

18 1 367 000 kr 60 000 kr 1 307 000 kr 8 7

5

6

14

4

Anbudsgivare /Tenderer

Anbudspris / Tender price (P)

Prispoäng / Price score (s)

Kvalitetspoäng / Quality score (Q)

Jämförelsetal / Comparison value (C) Rank (R)

8 380000 86,67 82 168,67 1

12 450000 75,00 85 160,00 2

17 300000 100,00 54 154,00 3

9 200000 100,00 53 153,00 4

12 150000 100,00 50 150,00 5

14 650000 41,67 100 141,67 6

4 850000 8,33 90 98,33 7

18 900000 0,00 86 86,00 8

6 950000 0,00 77 77,00 9

22 1300000 0,00 65 65,00 10

Example of evaluation model “Absolute linear score”


So far procurement systems (e.g. Kommers) primarily assist as project management tools for administrating the procurement


Requirement specification meet Procurement system

Requirement specification

Procurement system

Content Process


So, why bother about AI?

“They were convinced that no one would ever want to look at their pictures on a television set”

Steven Sasson

Inventor of the digital camera at Kodak


Introducing AI and Natural Language Processing in Procurement systems


*

* Artificial intelligence

(AI)

Machine learning (ML)

Natural language processing (NLP)

Expert systems

Vision

Speach

Planning

Robotics

Deep learningSupervisedUnsupervised

Content extractionClassificationMachine translationQuestion answeringText generationText analysis

Image recognitionMachine vision

Speach to textText to speech

* = Current focus


NLP in Kommers

❑Recently Primona implemented AI assistance in writing specifications in Kommers.

❑The solution is developed in cooperation with The REUSE Company, a Spanish organisation that specialises in requirement management based on NLP

❑The solution is using Natural Language Processing (NLP), following INCOSE Guide for Writing Requirements.


Current implementation of KAI

❑Help when writing requirement text ▪ Provide feedback when working with individual

requirements.▪ Summary report on requirement text as PDF.▪ Feedback if a text use undefined words, can be

misinterpreted or use bad syntax.

❑KAI demand accurate requirement text▪ KAI does not like many requirements in the

same requirement text. ▪ KAI does not like long sentences or undefined

words.

❑Is not intended for analysing other text▪ KAI does not ”understand” pure information text▪ KAI does not provide feedback on completeness

or consistency of the contract document.


Important design criteria

❑A Procurement Officer will learn the operation of KAI in less than 5 minutes.

❑Understanding the feedback from KAI is part of a 2-4 hour training in how to write good requirement specifications.

❑First target is to improve specification work in public sector, to reduce the “Death Spiral”.


Target is to reduce the “The death spiral – effect”

Internalstakeholders

Tenderer/Supplier

Procurement officer

Unclear understanding

of needs

Unclear understanding

of needs

Incoplete and incorrect

requirements

Incoplete and incorrect

requirements

Bad product solving the

wrong problem

Bad product solving the

wrong problem

Interprete

Interprete

Fail in system test

Unhappy customer

Fail in system test


KAI is an option integrated in Kommers. In pilot testing.❑A ”KAI icon” is visible in all locations where requirement text is edited

▪ System administration: Administration of structured templates▪ Procurement module: Application specification, Contract specification, The reference group

collaboration view ▪ Contract module: Where structured contract documents are created


How do I use KAI in edit mode? (1 of 3)

❑1. When editing requirement text click on the KAI-icon ( ).❑2. In case KAI find potential specification errors it will display comment

remarks on words.

1.

2.


3.

❑3. Click on a word the comment❑4. A comment window explain what KAI think is potentially wrong, and the

rule.

4.



❑5. You can remove a single comment or all commentso Icon Remove comment deletes the current commento Icon Remove all comments deletes all comments

❑6. It is possible to save and keep the sentences for now.❑7. Correct the error and try again using the KAI-icon ( )

5.


6.


How do I use the KAI-report? (1 of 2)

❑1. Go to the Contents page.

❑2. Click to selects the paragraphs to be analysed by KAI.

❑3. Click on More and ”Export to KAI pdf”

2.

3.


❑4. Read the feedback from KAI. o The report starts

with a summary followed by feedback on each requirement paragraph.

4.

How do I use the KAI-report? (2 of 2)


Current implementation based on the most important and basic rules in INCOSE guide

❑ Vague adjectives, ambiguous terms and expressionsWords like ”expensive”, ”fine”, ”safe”, ”dangerous”, etc.❑ Passive voice

▪ Lack subjects. Your meaning does not say "who does what"❑ Combinations

▪ Words that often tie together several paragraphs like "and", "additionally", "as well as", "/", "partly", etc.

❑ Exceptions and examples▪ Words that often tie together several paragraphs such as

"except", "exception", "eg", "about function", etc.❑ Number of verbs of the type SHALL

▪ Prefer one SHALL, WILL or SHOULD ❑ Long text

▪ Long requirements are no better than short ones, rather the opposite.


KAISwedish

KAIEnglish

Kommers Centralservice

Procure-ment portal

KAI is currently implemented as a centralised service

Supplier portal


Next step of KAI

❑Improvements to be decided based on the outcome of the pilot production test.

❑Foresee request for assisting in checking e.g. completeness. This may require development of libraries specifically for type of product, service or works.


Summary

❑ Procurement systems are becoming increasingly advanced following other technological improvements. The primary focus is until now primarily to manage the process.

❑ Procurement systems keep track of the process, facilitate to follow rules and procedures.

❑ Artificial intelligence is normal technical evolution that help us improve efficiency and bridge resource shortages.

❑ NLP can be used for analysing the quality of the contract specification.


[email protected]+46-70 - 696 07 40

Sources: World economic forum, Angus Maddison, Tradix, European comission, Science, Ny Teknik, Standford University,.

Images with license from iStock and roalty freefrom NASA.gov, Econews, Sweden.se, Railway technology UK och Norrbotniabanan.se

Simulation Kommers KAI 2030: Ragnar Lindholm, Primona.

Music: Bensound www.bensound.com

Sources: World economic forum, Angus Maddison, Tradix, European comission, Science, Ny Teknik, Standford University,.

Images with license from iStock and roalty freefrom NASA.gov, Econews, Sweden.se, Railway technology UK och Norrbotniabanan.se

Simulation Kommers KAI 2030: Ragnar Lindholm, Primona.

Music: Bensound www.bensound.com

[email protected]+46-72 - 232 24 63

Kommers Artificial Intelligence

help you when writing

specifications

Läs merRead more on primona.se

KOMMERS KAI