procurement & design of composite fender piles to meet …
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented by:
Marc Percher, P.E. – Moffatt & Nichol, Walnut Creek
Procurement & Design of Composite Fender Piles
to Meet MOTEMS
Courtesy: NC State University & Lancaster Composites
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• Restricted Treatments of Timber Piles – Creosote – not allowed – ACZA – becoming restricted / prohibited
• Alternative Piles – Steel - $$$ and corrosion, driving windows – Concrete – also $$$, driving windows – Coated or wrapped timber
• Increased cost over untreated • Abrasion can lead to accessible core
– Greenheart or Ipe Wood - $$$ & lead time – FRP composite piles today’s focus
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Environmental Criteria for Piles
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• ~$90 per LF for untreated pile every 1 to 3 years • ~$250 per LF treated pile every 25+ years
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Why Composite Piles: Life Cycle Cost
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
$1,600,000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Cost
($)
Time (Years)
Example: Thirty 60 ft Fender Piles
Composite Pile (25 Year Life)
Timber (3 Year Life)
Note: Inflation not included
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• Fiber Reinforced Plastic(FRP) – Fiberglass Layers – Epoxy Resin
• Fiberglass Layer Orientation
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What is a Composite Pile
Composite
Courtesy: Lancaster Composites
M&N Recommends Concrete Fill
Strain
Stre
ss
Mild Steel
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ASTM D6109 • 4 Point Bending • 5 Samples • cyclic and to failure • Moment & Stiffness
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Modes of Failure - Bending
Courtesy: Harbor Technologies & University of Maine
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• Major concern is crushing of hollow FRP at top • ASTM C496 – intended for concrete 5
Modes of Failure – Splitting/Crushing
Courtesy: Harbor Technologies Source: ASTM C496
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• Concerned with abrasion, fatigue, etc. • Optimally incorporate energy absorber at top
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Modes of Failure – Connections
Courtesy: Harbor Technologies
Steel pipe with HDPE sleeve Connection away From face
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Fender Piles
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d V
M
Energy = ½*P*d
• Want Flexibility and Strength • High Hits Low Energy High Shears
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• Based on Elastic Response:
• Use tested values for strength & stiffness • Verify for full range of vessel impact
elevation • Connection design per AISC, NDS, ACI
depending on materials • In many ways, similar to other methods
MOTEMS Compliance
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Concrete fill
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V
M
Concrete fill full height of pile because: • Top of Pile Shear • In-Soil Interface (no stiffness change)
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• Fatigue may limit life • Softening = more energy absorption
Fatigue and Softening
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Courtesy: Harbor Technologies & University of Maine
d d'
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• Stiffer pile steals all the load
Don’t Mix with Timber Piles
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Wharf
c Camel
Ship
MINE!
Displacement Fo
rce
Timber (16” Ø Douglas Fir EI ~= 2E6 kip*in2)
FRP (16” Ø EI ~= 3E6 kip*in2)
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From UFGS 35 59 13.14 Type 5 (old, not perfect)
Specs & Testing
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• Stiffness & Flexure (D6109)
• Crushing (ASTM C496) • Density (D792) • Water Absorption (D570) • Brittleness (D746) • Weatherability (D6662) • Flame Spread (E84)
• Compressive Mod (D695) • Tensile props (D638) • Circumferential (D1599) • Chemical Resistance
(D543) • Fiber percent by volume
or weight • Laminate void content
• Also need: HDPE sleeve, concrete fill, tolerance, and driving specs, etc.
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• Drives similar to concrete or timber • Drive pile, cut, place HDPE sleeve, connect • Can also use driving shoes to close section at tip
Driving
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Splices
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Must Provide Sufficient Bond
• Piles available up to 115 ft in length • Creates discontinuity in response, must be tested • M&N recommends against using them
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Possible as Bearing Pile
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Courtesy Lancaster Composites & University of Manitoba
D/t?
Local Buckling
Add Conc Reinf. Cage
• Hollow: Global and local buckling • As reinforced concrete section – is there a cost advantage? • Connections – concrete plug or steel • Lack of ductility (need to detail like timber)
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• Composite Piles are cost effective vs timber over their lifespans
• Meet environmental requirements
• Require close coordination with manufacturer
• Can be MOTEMS compliant
Conclusions
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Questions?
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Courtesy: NC State University & Lancaster Composites