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Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 1© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
Software Engineering InstituteCarnegie Mellon University
Process Maturity Profile
Software CMM®
2004 Year End Update
March 2005
We could not produce this report without the support of the organizations and lead appraisers who reported their appraisal results to the SEISM.
Our many thanks for their continuing cooperation with our data collection and analysis efforts.
CMMI Appraisal Program
The Software Engineering Institute is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Def ense and operated by Carnegie Mellon® University
® CMM and Carnegie Mellon are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Carnegie Mellon UniversitySM SEI is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University
© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 2© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
OutlineIntroduction
Current Status
Community Trends
Organizational Trends
Summary
This briefing is based solely on the number of appraisals reported to the SEI. It cannot be used as a source for an exact indicator of all organizations in the world using SEI models or appraisal methods nor can it be used for certification or verification purposes.
The SEI does not certify organizations. The SEI only licenses SEI partners and SEI authorized lead assessors to conduct appraisals. Neither the SEI nor any other organization is a “certifying authority” of the results from an appraisal. Therefore requests to the SEI to provide information to be used for this purpose can not be fulfi lled. Information provided by the SEI, such as this briefing, is to demonstrate use of its products and services only.
Organizations performing source selection or verification should consider performing an evaluation appraisal. For more information on appraisal methods and for a directory of authorized lead appraisers who can perform them, visit: http://www.sei.cmu.edu/managing/app.directory.html
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
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Introduction - 1: Purpose and SourceCharacterize the process maturity of the software community
This briefing uses information from appraisals using the SW-CMM in:
• CMM®-Based Appraisals for Internal Process Improvement (CBA IPIs) and
• Software Process Assessments (SPAs) and
• Standard CMMI® Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPISM), v1.1
Please visit:
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/sema/profile_about.html
for additional information or to answer questions you may have about this briefing
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Introduction - 2: Briefing ContentsThis briefing includes three primary sections:
1. Current Status- Snapshot of the software community based on the most
recent appraisal, since , of reporting organizations
2. Community Trends- Global distribution of appraisals- Growth in the number of appraisals performed - Shifts in the maturity profile over time
3. Organizational Trends- Analysis of Key Process Area (KPA) satisfaction - Time to move up in maturity based on change in maturity
level and time between appraisals
2000
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
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Section 1: Current StatusAppraisals conducted from throughand reported to the SEI by
• organizations• participating companies• projects• Non-USA organizations
Please refer to: Terms Used in this Report on page 29
1,940894
10,03858.7%
December 2004January 20052000
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 6© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
Based on most recent appraisal, since , of organizations reporting a maturity level rating
Maturity Profile by All Reporting Organizations
% o
f Org
aniz
atio
ns
1,9402000
10.4%
42.1%
30.4%
7.8% 9.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 7© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
Based on organizations reporting organization categories
Reporting Organization Categories
3.7%
18.5%
77.8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Military/Federal
DoD/Fed Contractor
Commercial/In-house
% of Organizations
1,940
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 8© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
Based on most recent appraisal, since , of
Maturity Profile by Reporting Organization Categories
% o
f Org
aniz
atio
ns
2000 1,940
10.3%
43.0%
27.9%
8.3%10.5%9.7%
35.1%
43.7%
5.8% 5.6%
16.7%
58.3%
16.7%
6.9%
1.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing
Commercial/In-house DoD/Fed Contractor Military/Federal
organizations reporting categories and a maturity level rating
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 9© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
Based on organizations reporting SIC code. For more information visit: http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/sicser.html
Printing And Publishing0.5%
Fabricated Metal Products1.0%
Primary Metal Industries0.4%
Industrial Machinery And Equipment
4.4%
Chemicals And Allied Products0.4%
Furniture And Fixtures0.1%
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate13.0%
Services, Nec0.2%
Health Services0.1%
Engineering & Management Services10.4%
Public Administration (Including Defense)
8.8%
Transportation, Communication, Electric, Gas
and Sanitary Services6.6%
Retail Trade0.7%
Wholesale Trade0.7%
Electronic & Other Electric Equipment
5.4%
Transportation Equipment6.1%
Instruments And Related Products
6.1%
Amusement & Recreation Services
0.1%
Business Services35.0%
Organization TypeBased on Primary Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code
Manufacturing24.2%
Services45.8%
818
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2000+1.2%1001 to 2000
1.9%501 to 1000
4.8%
301 to 5007.4%
26 to 5018.3%
51 to 7513.0%
76 to 1009.9%
201 to 3009.5%
101 to 20022.2%
25 or fewer11.8%
Based on organizations reporting size data
Organization SizeBased on the total number of employees within the area of the organization that was appraised
201 to 2000+24.8%
1 to 10053.3%
1,902
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13.3
%
11.5
%
11.7
%
11.7
%
8.7%
8.3% 9.2%
4.4% 8.
1% 9.1%
65.3
%
53.2
%
42.1
%
37.8
%
37.4
%
36.1
%
29.8
%
20.9
%
16.2
%
27.3
%
18.2
%
27.0
% 32.0
%
31.9
%
34.5
%
31.1
% 36.2
%
38.5
%
40.5
%
22.7
%
1.3%
5.7%
6.1% 9.
6% 10.9
%
9.4%
7.8%
14.3
%
5.4% 9.
1%
1.8% 2.6%
8.1% 9.0%
8.5%
15.0
%
17.0
% 22.0
%
29.7
%
31.8
%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
25 or fewer 26 to 50 51 to 75 76 to 100 101 to 200 201 to 300 301 to 500 501 to 1000 1001 to 2000 2000+
Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing
Maturity Profile by Organization SizeBased on the total number of employees within the area of the organization that was appraised
Based on organizations reporting size data and a maturity level rating
The number of organizations for the 2000+ category is small whic h inflates the maturity level bars. Please see page 9 and take this into account. The purpose of this chart is to indicate that all sizecategories contain most, if not all, maturity levels.
1,902
% o
f Org
aniz
atio
ns
Carnegie Mellon UniversitySoftware Engineering Institute Software CMM - CBA IPI, SPA and SCAMPI Appraisal Results
March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 12© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
USA and Non-USAReporting Organization Categories
5.3%
53.4%
3.7%
13.2%
24.4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Military/Federal
DoD/Fed Contractor
Commercial/In-house
% of Organizations
USA
Non-USA
Based on U.S. organizations and Non-USA organizations reporting organization categories1138802
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Based on U.S. organizations and Non-USA organizations reporting categories and a maturity level rating
Maturity Profile by All Reporting USA and Non-USA Organizations
% o
f Org
aniz
atio
ns
17.1%
48.6%
27.3%
4.1% 2.9%5.7%
37.5%
32.6%
10.4%13.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing
USA Non-USA
1138802
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March 2005 Process Maturity Profile - Page 14© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University
CBA IPIs , SPAs and SCAMPI v1.1 using the SW-CMM conducted since 1987 through and reported to the SEI by
• appraisalsCBA IPIsSPAsSCAMPIs
• organizations• participating companies• reappraised organizations• projects
Please refer to: Terms Used in this Report on page 29
Section 2: Community Trends
December 2004January 2005
3,5903,042
2,7461,036
66315,128
48464
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Countries Where Appraisals have been Performed and Reported to the SEI
Argentina Australia Austria Barbados Belgium Brazil CanadaChile China Colombia Costa Rica Cyprus Czech Republic DenmarkEgypt Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong HungaryIndia Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea, Republic ofLatvia Lithuania Malaysia Mauritius Mexico Morocco NetherlandsNew Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland PortugalPuerto Rico Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore South Africa Spain SwedenSwitzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates United KingdomUnited States Uruguay Venezuela Vietnam
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Number of Appraisals and Maturity Levels Reported to the SEI by Country
The organization maturity profile, page 8, can be created for certain countries using the Interactive Maturity Profile availablein the Software Engineering Information Repository Web site. Please visit: http://seir.sei.cmu.edu. If you are not already a member of the SEIR web site, please register to join. Registration and use of the site are free.
CountryNumber of Appraisals
Maturity Level 1
Reported
Maturity Level 2
Reported
Maturity Level 3
Reported
Maturity Level 4
Reported
Maturity Level 5
Reported CountryNumber of Appraisals
Maturity Level 1
Reported
Maturity Level 2
Reported
Maturity Level 3
Reported
Maturity Level 4
Reported
Maturity Level 5
Reported
Argentina 10 or fewer Malaysia 10 or fewer
Australia 36 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Mauritius 10 or fewer
Austria 10 or fewer Mexico 25 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Barbados 10 or fewer Morocco 10 or fewer
Belgium 12 Yes Yes Yes No No Netherlands 24 Yes Yes Yes No YesBrazil 28 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Zealand 10 or fewer
Canada 79 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Norway 10 or fewer
Chile 19 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Pakistan 10 or fewer
China 243 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Peru 10 or fewer
Colombia 10 or fewer Philippines 11 No Yes Yes No Yes
Costa Rica 10 or fewer Poland 10 or fewer
Cyprus 10 or fewer Portugal 10 or fewer
Czech Republic 10 or fewer Puerto Rico 10 or fewer
Denmark 10 or fewer Russia 10 or fewer
Egypt 10 or fewer Saudi Arabia 10 or fewer
Finland 10 or fewer Singapore 23 Yes Yes Yes No Yes
France 142 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes South Africa 10 or fewer
Germany 62 Yes Yes Yes No No Spain 26 No Yes Yes No Yes
Greece 10 or fewer Sweden 10 or fewerHong Kong 10 or fewer Switzerland 10 or fewer
Hungary 10 or fewer Taiwan 10 or fewer
India 387 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Thailand 15 Yes Yes Yes No No
Indonesia 10 or fewer Turkey 10 or fewer
Ireland 10 or fewer Ukraine 10 or fewer
Israel 30 Yes Yes Yes No NoUnited Arab Emirates 10 or fewer
Italy 33 Yes Yes Yes No Yes United Kingdom 139 Yes Yes Yes No No
Japan 149 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes United States 1947 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Korea, Republic of 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Uruguay 10 or fewer
Latvia 10 or fewer Venezuela 10 or fewer
Lithuania 10 or fewer Vietnam 10 or fewer
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Based on appraisals conducted through and reported to the SEI by
Number of SW-CMM Appraisals Reported to the SEI by Year
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
First Appraisal Reappraisal
3,590 Dec 2004 Jan 2005
Num
ber
of A
ppra
isal
s
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Based on appraisals reporting organization categories
Number of SW-CMM Appraisals Reported to the SEI by Organization Categories and Year
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Commercial/In-house DoD/Fed Contractor Military/Federal
Num
ber
of A
ppra
isal
s
3,588
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80.3
%
12.1
%
7.6%
64.4
%
21.9
%
12.0
%
1.4%
0.3
%
37.3
%
33.9
%
20.2
%
4.5%
4.2%
32.2
% 35.8
%
20.9
%
5.9%
5.2%
27.5
%
37.1
%
23.1
%
5.9% 6.4%
24.4
%
37.0
%
25.5
%
6.2% 6.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing
1987-19911992-19961997-2001200220032004
Trends in the Community Maturity Profile%
of O
rgan
izat
ions
Based on a cumulative view of the most recent appraisals of organizations up through the year indicated. This accounts for the difference from the figures on page 5.
Year Orgs132635
1,6601,9962,4192,746
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Section 3: Organizational TrendsAppraisals conducted through and reported to the SEI by
• Key Process Area (KPA) profiles- satisfaction of KPAs by maturity level for organizations
appraised at levels 1 and 2
• reappraised organizations- accounting for appraisals- although some organizations conducted multiple
reappraisals, only the first and latest appraisals were used in creating the charts on pages 23 & 24
Please refer to: Terms Used in this Report on page 29
663
1,839
December 2004
1,517
January 2005
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Based on CBA IPI and SCAMPI with SW-CMM appraisals reporting a maturity level rating
Key Process Area Profiles - 1Organizations Appraised at Level 1
% of Appraisals
576
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
PCM
TCM
DP
SQM
QPM
PR
IC
SPE
ISM
TP
OPD
OPF
SCM
SQA
SSM
PTO
SPP
RM
FullySatisfiedRated
Repeatable
Defined
Managed
Optimizing
Software Subcontract Management (SSM) is not applicable/not rated in many assessments. Please take that into account when interpretingits Fully Satisfied rating.
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Key Process Area Profiles - 2Organizations Appraised at Level 2
Based on CBA IPI and SCAMPI With SW-CMM appraisals reporting a maturity level rating1263
% of Appraisals
Defined
Managed
Optimizing
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
PCM
TCM
DP
SQM
QPM
PR
IC
SPE
ISM
TP
OPD
OPF
FullySatisfied
Rated
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Maturity Level of First and Latest Appraisal
% o
f Org
aniz
atio
ns
40.9% 39.7%
10.9% 7.8% 0.8%7.2%
25.9%
41.5%
9.2%16.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing
First Latest
Based on reappraised organizations using their first and latest appraisal663
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No Change12.7%
Moved Down2.7%
Level 4 to 57.1%
Level 3 to 55.6%
Level 3 to 42.9%
Level 1 to 42.1%
Level 1 to 311.8%
Level 2 to 52.1%
Level 1 to 221.0%
Level 2 to 43.8%
Level 1 to 50.8%
Level 2 to 327.6%
ReappraisalsChange in Maturity Level
Based on reappraised organizations using their first and latest appraisal663
Level 1 to 1 5.3%Level 2 to 2 4.7%Level 3 to 3 1.7%Level 4 to 4 0.5%Level 5 to 5 0.6%
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Time to Move Up
Number of months to move to nextmaturity level
Largest observed value that is not an outlier
75th Percentile
25th PercentileMedian
Smallest observed value that is not an outlier
Recommended time between appraisals {
100
30
18
0
50
All (1987 to Present)
1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5195 267 62 62
1992 to Present
1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5170 255 60 62
Pre-1992
1 to 2 2 to 325 12
75
2023
39 40
Time Period of Initial Appraisal
LevelOrgs
25
19 2025
13 13
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Summary of Current Status
Commercial and in-house organizations reporting most appraisals
Of U.S. organizations, the services and manufacturing industries reported most appraisals
Half of the organizations reporting size have 100 or fewer software personnel
More Non-USA appraisals reported than U.S. in this 5 year snapshot
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Summary of Organizational Trends - 1
The total number appraisals for 2004 is less than 2003. It is the first time decrease since 1996
Software Subcontract Management is the least frequently satisfied level 2 KPA among organizations* appraised at level 1
Integrated Software Management is the least frequently satisfiedlevel 3 KPA among organizations* appraised at level 2
Higher maturity has been reached among those organizations reporting reappraisals
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Summary of Organizational Trends (continued) - 2
For organizations that began their CMM-based SPI effort in 1992 or later, the median time to move from:
• maturity level 1 to 2 is 20 months• maturity level 2 to 3 is 19 months• maturity level 3 to 4 is 25 months• maturity level 4 to 5 is 13 months
Note: The median time to move from maturity level 1 to 2 dropped from 22 month to 20 month
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Terms Used in this ReportAppraisal - The appraisal methods used in this report are the Software Process
Assessment (SPA), CMM-Based Appraisal for both Internal Process Improvement (CBA IPI) and Standard CMMI® Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI). We do request and receive other Software CMM-based appraisals such as Software Capability Evaluations (SCE) and Interim Profiles. As our sampling size of these other methods increase, they will be reported here.
Company - Parent of the appraised entityA company can be a commercial or non-commercial firm, for-profit or not for-profit business, a research and development unit, a higher education unit, a government agency, or branch of service, etc.
Organization - a.k.a. Appraised entity The organization unit to which the appraisal results apply. An appraised entity can be the entire company, a selected business unit, units supporting a particular product line or service, etc.
Non-USA - Appraised entity whose geographic location is not within the United States. The parent of the appraised entity may or may not be based within the United States.
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Report your Appraisal Results to the SEIThe briefing is only possible due to the cooperation of organizations and individuals sending in their appraisal results to the SEI
In order to provide this information and service in the future, it will depend on this continued cooperation
Please visit:
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/sema/report.html
for forms, information, and instructions on how to report appraisals to the SEI
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Contact InformationPlease visit:
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/sema/profile_about.html
and review the information provided before contacting:
SEI Customer Relations (412) 268-5800SEI FAX number (412) 268-5758
Internet [email protected]
Mailing AddressCustomer RelationsSoftware Engineering InstituteCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, PA 15213-3890