PROCESS ASSESSMENT , PATTERNS & DFD for Order

Processing SystemPresented by :

Ganesh Vadulekar

Overview What is Process ??? Process Assessment

Aim of Process Assessment Different Approaches of Assessment

Process Patterns Types Of Process Pattern

Data Flow Diagram Creating DFD for Order Processing

System

What is Process ? In computing, a process is

an instance of a computer program that is being executed. It contains the program code and its current activity. 

The existence of software process does not guarantee the timely delivery of the software and its ability to meet the user's expectations.

What is Process Assessment ??? Software process assessment examines

whether the software processes are effective and efficient in accomplishing the goals.

Process assessment is useful to the organization as it helps in improving the existing processes.

In addition, it determines the strengths, weaknesses and the risks involved in the processes.

Aim of Process Assessment The aim of process assessment is to

identify the areas for improvement and suggest a plan for making that improvement. Obtaining guidance for improving

software development and test processes

Obtaining an independent and unbiased review of the process

Obtaining a baseline for improving quality and productivity of processes.

The process assessment leads to :-

Process capability determination Process improvement.

The Process capability determination• It is an organized assessment,

which analyzes the software processes in an organization . It also identifies risk involved in it.

•  In addition, process capability determination identifies the capabilities of a process and the risks involved in it.

The Process improvement The process improvement

identifies the changes to be made in the software processes. The software capability determination motivates the organization to perform software process improvement.

Different Approaches for Assessment  SPICE (ISO/IEC15504)  ISO 9001:2000 Standard CMMI assessment method

for process improvement CMM-based appraisal for internal

process improvement

Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination Software Process

Improvement and Capability Determination (SPICE), is a set of  technical standards documents for the computer software development process and related business management functions.

It is applicable for all processes and comprises following six levels.

1. Not performed: At this level, the processes are unable to accomplish the required outcomes.

2.Performed informally: At this level, the implemented process accomplishes the defined outcomes.

3.Planned and tracked: At this level, the defined process delivers products according to quality requirements within a specified time.

4.Well-defined: At this level, the processes based on software engineering principles which are capable of achieving defined outcomes are used.

5.Quantitatively controlled: At this level, the performance measures, prediction capability and objective management are evaluated quantitatively.

6.Continuously improved: At this level, the existing processes adapt to meet future business goals.

Reference Model for SPICE

ISO 9001:2000 ISO (International Organization for

Standardization) established a standard known as ISO 9001:2000 to determine the requirements of quality management systems.

It is Activity which satisfies the quality related expectations of customers.

This standard follows a plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle, which includes a set of activities that are listed below.

Plan: Determines the processes and resources which are required to develop a quality product according to the user's satisfaction.

Do: Performs activities according to the plan to create the desired product.

Check: It Monitors the processes and takes corrective actions to improve them.

Act: Initiates activities which constantly improve processes in the organization.

Check: Measures whether the activities for establishing quality management according to the requirements are accomplished.

Act: Initiates activities which constantly improve processes in the organization.

Check: Measures whether the activities for establishing quality management according to the requirements are accomplished.

Act: Initiates activities which constantly improve processes in the organization.

Standard CMMI assessment method for process improvement

SCAMPI is used for process improvement by gaining insight into the process capability in the organization.

The major advantage of SCAMPI is that it supports process improvement and establishes a consensus within the organization. 

The objectives of SCAMPI are listed below.

To identify strengths and weaknesses of existing processes in the organization.

To specify an integrated appraisal method for internal process improvement.

To act as a motivation for initiating and focusing on software process improvement.

CMM-based appraisal for internal process improvement

CBA-IPI tool is used in an organization to gain insight into the software development capability.

For this, the strengths and weaknesses of the existing process are identified in order to prioritize software improvement plans.

They focus on software improvements, which are beneficial to the organization.

To achieve this, the assessment team performs the following functions

Provides data as a baseline to the organization in order to check its software capability

Identifies issues that have an impact on the process improvement

Provides sufficiently complete findings to the organization.

Process Pattern Process patterns can be defined as

the set of activities, actions, work tasks or work products and similar related behaviour followed in a software development life cycle.

Process Patterns can be best seen in software design cycle which involves the common Stages of development.

Process patterns can be more easily understood by dividing it into terms

Process which means the steps followed to achieve a task.

Patterns which means the recurrence of same basic features during the lifecycle of a process.

Types of Process Pattern Task Pattern :- This type of process

pattern depicts the detailed steps to perform a specific task, such as the Technical Review and Reuse First process patterns.

Stage Pattern :- This type of process pattern depicts the steps, which are often performed iteratively, of a single project stage.

Phase Pattern :- This type of process pattern depicts the interactions between the stage process patterns for a single project phase, such as the Initiate and Delivery phases.

Data Flow Diagram A data flow diagram (DFD) is a

graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system, modelling its process aspects.

A DFD shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. 

Creating Data Flow Diagrams1. Create a list of activities2. Construct Context Level DFD

(identifies external entities and processes)3. Construct Level 0 DFD

(identifies manageable sub process )4. Construct Level 1- n DFD

(identifies actual data flows and data stores )

5. Check against rules of DFD

Creating Data Flow DiagramsOrder Processing System Example

1. Create a list of activities

Customer Order Serve Order Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product

2.Construct Context Level DFD

3.Construct Level 0 DFD

4.Construct Level 1- n DFD

4.Construct Level 1 (continued)

4. Construct Level 1 (continued)

Process Decomposition

Context Level Level 0 Level 1

Summary Concept of Process Assessment Different Types of Approaches of

Process Assessment Concept of Process Pattern Types Of Patterns Creating Data Flow Diagram DFD for Order Processing System

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