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ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR
ASIA AND THE FAR EAST
Bangkok, Thailand
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES
OF ASIA AND THE FAR EAST
Report of the Symposium; documents on review of progress in the
petroleum industry, and petroleum geology
MINERAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SERIES
No. 41 (Volume I)
smfoi^wj ;:_;.-..: ..;.iO!.:" k
UB/TIB Hannover 89
122 570 081
UNITED NATIONS
New York, 1972
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume I
Part 1: REPORT OF THE FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OFPETROLEUM RESOURCES OF ASIA AND THE FAR EAST
PageI. Introduction 1
II. Review of the implementation of the recommendations of the Third Symposium on the
Development of Petroleum Resources of Asia and the Far East 4
III. Assistance by United Nations and ECAFE to member countries of the region in the field of
petroleum and natural gas development 4
IV. Review of the progress made in development of petroleum resources since the third symposium 5
V. Petroleum energy sources in relation to over-all energy and fuel policy, with special reference
countries of the ECAFE region 9
VI. Economics of petroleum exploration, production and distribution 10
VII. Petroleum legislation, with special reference to offshore areas 13
VIII. Pollution of the environment by petroleum raw materials and products 16
IX. Geology of petroleum and natural gas with special reference to the ECAFE region . . . .17
X. Review of modern techniques of exploration for new resources of petroleum 21
XI. Matters relating to offshore prospecting 24
XII. Petroleum production methods and techniques, with special reference to the ECAFE region . . 27
XIII. Utilization of petroleum and natural gas as feedstock for the manufacture of fertilizers, with
special reference to the ECAFE region 29
XIV. Utilization of petroleum and natural gas for the production of single-cell protein for human and
animal consumption 30
XV. Programme of work and priorities in the field of development of petroleum and natural gas
resources 30
XVI. Date and venue of the Fifth Symposium on the Development of Petroleum Resources of Asia
and the Far East 34
Annexes
I. Agenda 35
II. List of documents submitted to the Symposium 36
III. Report of the Working Group on the revision of the ECAFE oil and natural gas map of
Asia and the Far East 49
IV. Report of the Second Special Working Group on Stratigraphic Correlation between the
Sedimentary Basins of the ECAFE region 51
V. Review of progress in the development of petroleum resources since the Third Petroleum
Symposium 53
ix
Part 2: DOCUMENTATION
A. REVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
a. In countries of the ECAFE region
2 Aa —I
Review of the implementation of recommendations of the Third Symposium
2 Aa —H
Summary of progress made by the Afghan Petroleum Exploration Department since the Third
Symposium
2 Aa—HI
Developments in the Australian petroleum industry since the Third Symposium
Table 1. Expenditure on petroleum exploration, development, and production in Australia
and Papua-New Guinea
Table 2. Production and sales of natural gas from Roma area, Queensland, 1964-1968
Table 3. Status of wells at Barrow Island oilfield as of 30 June 1969
Table 4. Crude oil consumption, production, and imports for Australia, 1964-1975
Table 5. Expenditure on petroleum exploration, development, and production by governmentsand private enterprise in Australia and Papua-New Guinea to end of 1968
Table 6. Analysis of over-all cost per unit of work done for petroleum exploration in Australia
and Papua-New Guinea by private enterprise in 1968
Table 7. Geological and geophysical activity in Australia and Papua-New Guinea by industry,Bureau of Mineral Resources and State Mines Departments, 1959-1968
Table 8. Analysis of petroleum exploration expenditure in Australia and Papua-New Guinea
by private enterprise, 1965-1968
Table 9. Summary of drilling and completions on land in Australia and Papua-New Guinea
to the end of 1968
Table 10. Summary of offshore drilling and completions in Australia and Papua-New Guinea
to the end of 1968
Table 11. Summary of drilling and completions on land and offshore in Australia and
Papua-New Guinea to the end of 1968
Table 12. Location and throughput capacities of refineries in Australia
Table 13. Statistics of refining in Australia, 1965-1968
Table 14. Consumption of petroleum products in Australia, 1965-1968
Table 15. Imports of petroleum into Australia, 1965-1968
Table 16. Cargo exports of petroleum from Australia, 1965-1968
Table 17. Australian petrochemical plants in operation, under construction or planned, 1968
Figure 1. Australia and Papua-New Guinea—sedimentary areas and location of oil and gasfields, significant discoveries and pipelines
Figure 2. Roma area, Queensland — oil and gas fields
Figure 3. Gidgealpa-Moomba-Darlingie area, South Australia — gas gathering and transmission
Figure 4. The offshore Gippsland Basin, Victoria — natural gas and crude oil transmissionand processing layout
Figure 5. Barrow Island oilfield facilities, Western Australia
Figure 6. Australian crude oil consumption, production and import requirements, 1 5
Figure 7. Australia and Papua-New Guinea — private enterprise expenditure and gc it
subsidy, 1962-1968
Pc
x
Page
Figure 8. Australia and Papua-New Guinea— geological and geophysical activity .. .. 90
Figure 9. Australia and Papua-New Guinea— footage of petroleum exploration and develop¬ment drilling 90
Figure 10. Australia and Papua-New Guinea —number and footage of onshore wells drilled
per year, 1961-1968 91
Figure 11. Australia and Papua-New Guinea— number and footage of offshore wells drilled
per year, 1965-1968 92
Figure 12. Australia and Papua-New Guinea — number and footage of wells drilled per year(onshore and offshore combined), 1965-1968 93
Figure 13. Australian consumption of primary fuels.. 94
2 Aa —TV
Progress of the reconnaissance gravity survey of Australia 100
Figure 1. Map showing gravity coverage and station density for mainland Australia.. ..
101
Figure 2. Bouguer anomaly contours for mainland Australia 102
Figure 3. Bouguer anomaly contours for Tasmina 103
Figure 4. Bouguer anomaly contours for the Territory of Papua and New Guinea .. ..
103
Figure 5. Bouguer anomaly features for mainland Australia with province and unit boundaries 104
2 Aa —V
The petroleum industry in Burma, 1965-1969 106
2 Aa —VI
Review of progress in the development of petroleum resources in Taiwan, China since the Third
Symposium 107
2 Aa —VII
Status of oil exploration in the offshore areas adjoining India 112
2 Aa — VHI
Petroleum in Indonesia 114
Table 1. List of foreign oil companies operating in Indonesia as at July 1969 116
Table 2. Petroleum exploration expenditure, 1964-1968 117
Table 3. Petroleum drilling statistics, 1966-1969 117
Table 4. Indonesian oilfields — details of discovery and production 119
Table 5. Statistics of petroleum drilling on land, 1965-1968, including exploration drilling ..120
Table 6. Wells drilled, 1965-1968 121
Table 7. Production on crude oil, 1965-1968 121
Table 8. Oil produced, 1966-1968 121
Table 9. Status of production wells, 1965-1968 122
Table 10. Gravity and sulphur content of crude oils 122
Table 11. Production of crude oil and finished products, 1965-1968 123
Table 12. Refinery intake and output, 1965-1968 124
Table 13. Composition of Indonesian controlled domestic tanker fleet, mid 196f . ..125
Table 14. Oil product sales, 1960-1968 and estimated for 1969 . ..126
Table 15. Natural gas reserves as at January 1969 . •. 126
Table 16. Estimated average usage of natural gas within the petroleum industry, 1965-1968 126
XI
Page
Figure 1. Map showing petroleum exploration activities in Indonesia as at July 1969. . . . 118
Figure 2. Map showing petroleum exploration activities in Indonesia prior to 1966. . . . 118
Figure 3. May showing oilfields, crude oil pipelines, refineries, and ports of export . . . . 123
Figure 4. Map showing distribution routes for finished petroleum products 125
Figure 5. Organizational chart of the Ministry of Mines 129
2 Aa—IX
Progress in the Iranian oil industry, 1964-1968 129
Table 1. Net Iranian crude oil production, 1964-1968 131
Table 2. Internal consumption of petroleum products, 1965-1968 131
Table 3. Gross refinery output and domestic petroleum consumption in Iran, 1964-1968. .
132
Table 4. Iranian natural gas production and consumption, 1964-1968 134
Table 5. Iranian oil exports, 1964-1968 135
Table 6. Destinations of Iranian crude oil and products, 1964-1968 135
Table 7. Iran's oil revenues from the consortium, and their allocation 1954-1968.. .. 136
Table 8. Iran's projected foreign exchange earnings during the fourth development plan,1968-1972 136
Table 9. Percentage share of the major economic sectors in the structure of the grossnational product 137
Table 10. Plan Organization investment under the four development plans 137
Figure 1. Iranian gas trunkline and spur lines 133
2 Aa —X
Recent progress of the petroleum industry in Japan 138
Table 1. Consumption of crude oil in Japan, 1955-1968 138
Table 2. Production of domestic crude oil and natural gas, 1955-1968 138
Table 3. Oil and gas wells drilled, 1965-1968 138
Table 4. Imports of crude oil and petroleum products, 1955-1968 139
Table 5. Geographic source of crude oil imports, 1955-1968 139
Table 6. Average price of imported crude oil, 1965-1968 139
Table 7. Petroleum refining capacity, 1955-1968 139
Table 8. Crude oil production abroad by Japanese interests, 1960-1968 141
Table 9. Overseas activities of petroleum exploration by Japanese interests 141
2 Aa—XI
Petroleum exploration in offshore areas adjoining Japan 142
Table 1. Offshore oil and gas production 142
Table 2. Offshore drilling done by the "Hakuryu" rig 143
Table 3. Offshore geophysical activity 145
Figure 1. Areas of offshore geophysical activity ,..144
2 Aa—XII
Review of development of petroleum resources in Malaysia . . ,146
Table 1. Imports of petroleum and petroleum products into Malaysia, 1965-1968..
..148
xii
2 Aa —XHI PageRecent developments in the petroleum industry of New Zealand 149
Table 1. Wells drilled 1965-1968 inclusive 154
Table 2. Petroleum prospecting licences 154
Table 3. Production and value of petroleum and natural gas, 1964-1968 157
Table 4. Consumption of petroleum products in New Zealand, 1964-1968 160
Table 5. Imports of petroleum products into New Zealand, 1963-1969 161
Table 6. Sources of major petroleum imports, 1969 161
Table 7. Exports of petroleum products from New Zealand, 1963-1969 162
Figure 1. Map of New Zealand showing the seven oil-prospective sedimentary basins. . . .
150
Figure 2. Stratigraphic positions of potential oil formations in New Zealand 151
Figure 3. Petroleum licence areas, North Island 155
Figure 4. Petroleum licence areas, South Island 155
Figure 5. Petroleum licence areas, continental shelf adjoining North Island 156
Figure 6. Petroleum licence areas, continental shelf adjoining South Island 156
2 Aa —XIV
Developments in the petroleum industry in Pakistan — a review of progress since the Third
Symposium c 162
Table 1. Petroleum production in Pakistan since 1947 167
Table 2. Annual production of natural gas in Pakistan since 1955 168
Table 3. Analyses and reserves of natural gas in Pakistan 168
Table 4. Monthly production of oil in Pakistan in 1969 168
Table 5. Monthly production of natural gas in Pakistan in 1969 169
Table 6. Annual consumption of gas from Sui field 169
Table 7. Annual imports and processing of crude oil 169
2 Aa—XV
Developments in the petroleum industry in the Philippines, 1965-1968 171
Table 1. Combined crude oil runs and outputs of the four refineries in the Philippines,1965-1968 173
Table 2. Imports of oil and refined petroleum products into the Philippines, 1965-1968 ..175
Figure 1. Geophysical survey of the Philippines 1965-1968 172
Figure 2. Petroleum concession map of the Philippines, 1969 174
2 Aa—XVI
Progress made in the development of petroleum resources and refining in Thailand 177
2 Aa —XVII
Status of offshore exploration for petroleum in the Gulf of Thailand, with an account of the
methods used and plans for future investigations 178
Figure 1. Map of the Gulf of Thailand showing petroleum concessions 179
b. In countries outside the ECAFE region2 Ab —I
Outline of the progress of exploration for gas in north-western Germany 180
Figure 1. Gas provinces of western Germany — location, production and reserves ....182
Figure 2. Regional-geologic setting of the gasfields of north-western Germany 183
Figure 3. Drilling footage and average depths of gas exploration wells in north-western
Germany 184
xiii
2 Ab — II Page
Oil and natural gas in the Netherlands — a summary 185
Table 1. Holders of prospecting licences in the North Sea 186
2 Ab—IH
Developments in oil and gas production in the USSR, 1965-1968 186
B. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ECAFE REGION
a. Regional and general2 Ba —I
International geological correlation programme — United Kingdom contribution (title only, issued
elsewhere and at symposium) 191
2 Ba —II
Oil and natural gas prospects of the marine shelves of eastern Asia (title only, publishedelsewhere) 191
2 Ba —III
The origin of oil — recent investigations in the USSR 191
2 Ba—IV
Stress fields as indicated by fracture orientations — potential application to petroleum production 195
Table 1. Correlation of frequency and orientation of micro-defects with point-load-inducedfractures and hydraulically-induced wellbore fractures 199
Figure 1. Mean orientations of surface and subsurface vertical fractures in the Bradford and
Allegany oilfields area of New York and Pennsylvania 196
Figure 2. Composite vertical fracture orientations of the Bradford and Allegany oilfield area
obtained from measurements of aerial photographs, relief maps, and surface surveys 196
Figure 3. Map of eastern Ohio showing joints mapped by Kantrowitz, ver Steeg, Nickelsen
and Hough, and the US Bureau of Mines 197
Figure 4. Rose diagrams comparing surface joint trends with aerial photograph lineaments and
oriented core fractures in Hocking County, Ohio 198
Figure 5. Three types of strain transducers used in overcoring surface outcrops to determine
relative magnitude and orientation of principal horizontal compressive stress .. .. 200
Figure 6. Diagram comparing results of various surface and subsurface orientation studies
conducted in Hocking County, Ohio 201
Figure 7. Map of central and northern Appalachian basin showing inferred orientation of
principal compressive stress and the direction to which induced hydraulic features
should be parallel 202
2 Ba—V
Directional characteristics of reservoir sandstone 203
Figure 1. Test apparatus showing through transmission arrangement of transducers.. ..
205
Figure 2. Pulse display on oscilloscope screen 206
Figure 3. Directional flow cell showing specimen and collection tube arrangement 207
Figure 4. Radiation pattern of ultrasonic pulse at a source diameter-to-wavelength ratio of 2 208
Figure 5. Test results indicating variations in pulse transit time and fluid flow with direction 208
Figure 6. Comparison of directional transit times and directional flow results with oriented
core and borehole fractures 209
Figure 7. Comparison of directional flow results with surface joint measurements and lineamentsfrom aerial photographs 210
Figure 8. Comparison of permeability contours, surface joints, and borehole fractures in the
Bradford oilfield 211
xiv
b. Of countries of the ECAFE region2 Bb — I Page
General geology of Afghanistan 212
2 Bb —II
The sedimentary basins of Australia and the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, and the
stratigraphic occurrence of hydrocarbons 215
Figure 1. Sedimentary basins of Australia and the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.. ..
217
Figure 2. Sedimentary basins and main structural elements of the Territory of Papua and
New Guinea 230
2 Bb —III
A marine geophysical survey of the north-west continental shelf of Australia, 1968 .. ..
234
Figure 1. Traverse locations and two-way seismic reflection times to horizon near base of
the Tertiary .. ..
(
236
Figure 2. Water depth contours, structural unit boundaries and deep water seismic reflection
sections 238
Figure 3. Bouguer anomaly contours and total magnetic intensity contours 240
2 Bb—IV
Recent geophysical results, northern Amadeus Basin, Australia 242
Table 1. Generalized stratigraphic column, northern Amadeus basin 242
Figure 1. Locality map of Amadeus basin 242
Figure 2. Generalized aeromagnetic interpretation 245
Figure 3. Generalized reconnaissance Bouguer anomaly contours 245
Figure 4. Regional seismic depth contours to top of Cambrian, and structures 245
Figure 5. Regional Bouguer anomaly contours, and structures 246
Figure 6. Seismic contours to top of Cambrian, Waterhouse-Orange area 246
Figure 7. North-south seismic section, Waterhouse Anticline 247
Figure 8. North-south seismic section, western nose of Waterhouse Anticline 248
Figure 9. North-south seismic section, Orange Anticline 248
Figure 10. Seismic depth contours to top of Cambrian, Deering Uplift-Tyler area 249
Figure II. Airphoto showing geologic interpretation, Goyder Pass diapir 249
Figure 12. North-south seismic section, Deering Uplift . . . .
250
2 Bb —V
Depositional history and tectonics of South Australian sedimentary basins 251
Figure 1. Map of South Australia showing sedimentary basins and infra-basins and majorcratonic features 253
Figure 2. Lithofacies map of Lower Cambrian sediments of the Arrowie basin 256
Figure 3. Geologic cross-section from the Boorthanna trough (eastern Arckaringa basin) to
to the Copper basin 258
Figure 4. Geologic cross-section through the eastern Officer basin 260
Figure 5. Geologic cross-section through the Cooper basin 261
Figure 6. Geologic cross-section of the Gambier embayment (Otway basin) 263
2 Bb —VI
Petroleum prospects of the Gulf St Vincent region, South Australia 267
Tabe 1. Drilling logs of three wells 273
xv
Page
Figure 1. Index and location map 268
Figure 2. Pre-Quaternary geologic map 269
Figure 3. Aeromagnetic contour map 271
Figure 4. Bouguer anomaly contour map 272
2 Bb —VII
Geological framework of the Great Australian Bight 275
Figure 1. Map showing petroleum exploration titles 276
Figure 2. Map showing aeromagnetic basement depths 277
Figure 3. Map of Tertiary subcrop 277
Figure 4. Geologic section of the Duntroon basin 278
Figure 5. Map showing area of Tertiary deposition 280
Figure 6. Seismic reflection time contours to Mesozoic phantom horizons 282
2 Bb —VIII
The ancestral Great Barrier Reef in the Gulf of Papua 283
Figure 1. Location of the Great Barrier Reef and platform reefs of the western Coral Sea 284
Figure 2. Ancestral Great Barrier Reef in the Gulf of Papua 285
Figure 3. Seismic cross-section across Borabi barrier reef 286
Figure 4. Seismic cross-section across Pasca platform reef 287
2 Bb — IX
Recent investigations into the geology of the Southern Highlands, Papua 288
Table I. Stratigraphic table 291
Figure 1. Map showing areas of recent activity 289
Figure 2. Location map, Southern Highlands basin 290
Figure 3. Schematic structural cross-section 293
2 Bb —X
Comparative study of the gas reservoirs in the Chinshui and Tiehchenshan gasfields, Miaoli,
Taiwan, China 295
Table 1. Stratigraphic sequences, thicknesses of formations, and stratigraphic positions of gasand oil zones 296
Table 2. Porosity and permeability of Zone CS-13 and Zone TT-1 299
Table 3. Analyses of reservoir water from Zone CS-13 and Zone TT-1 301
Table 4. Absolute open flow potential of natural gas from each well, and its net pay sand
thickness, in Zone CS-13 and Zone TT-1 303
Table 5. Analysis of reservoir water from Zone CS-14Z of the CS-60 well in the Chinshui
gasfield 304
Table 6. Lithologic character of gas and potential gas zones in the Chuhuangkeng Formation 305
Table 7. Chemical components and physical properties of the natural gas and oil in the
Chuhuangkeng Formation 306
Table 8. Reservoir water analysis of the gas and potential gas zones in the ChuhuangkengFormation 308
Table 9. Reservoir pressure and temperature in the Chuhuangkeng Formation 308
Table 10. Absolute open flow potential of natural gas in each well from Zones CS-15 to
CS-20
Table 11. Lithologic character of gas and potential gas zones in the lower Miocene formations 310
Table 12. Chemical components and physical properties of the natural gas and oil in the
lower Miocene formations 311
Tabic 13. Analyses of reservoir water from Zones TT-5 to TT-10 311
Table 14. Reservoir pressure and temperature in the lower Miocene formations 312
xvi
PageTable 15. Absolute open flow potential of natural gas in each well from the lower Miocene
formations 313
Figure 1. Geologic map of the Chinshui and Tiehchenshan gasfields 295
Figure 2. Sketch showing the stratigraphic sequence and structural relation between the Tieh¬
chenshan and Chinshui gasfields 297
Figure 3. Map showing the subsurface structure of the protoquartzitic sandstone in the Talu
Shale 297
Figure 4. Chart showing porosity-permeability values of Zone CS-13 300
Figure 5. Chart showing porosity-permeability values of Subzone TT-1A 300
Figure 6. Reservoir water properties of Zone CS-13 and Subzone TT-1A 302
Figure 7. Chart showing relation of the pressure and temperature to the depth in the Chinshui
Tiehchenshan gasfields 303
Figure 8. Reservoir water properties of the gas and potential zones in the ChuhuangkengFormation in the Chinshui and Tiehchenshan gasfields 307
Figure 9. Reservoir water properties of the potential zones in the lower Miocene formations
in the Tiehchenshan gasfields 312
2 Bb —XI
Interpretation and seismic co-ordination of the Bouguer gravity anomalies in south-western
Taiwan, China 313
Figure 1. Bouguer gravity anomalies of south-western Taiwan 315
Figure 2. Residual gravity anomalies of south-western Taiwan 317
Figure 3. Seismic structure contour map of the top of Pliocene formations in south-western
Taiwan 319
Figure 4. Gravity profile and seismic section from Hsinying to Tainan anticline in south-western
Taiwan 321
Figure 5. Gravity profile and seismic section across Tainan anticline. .
325
Figure 6. Gravity profile and seismic section across Chungchou, Panpingshan and Pingtunganticlines 329
2 Bb —XII
A stratigraphic and sedimentary analysis of the protoquartzite in the Miocene Talu Shale
in northern Taiwan, China 331
Table 1. Thicknesses of the Talu Shale and of the lenticular protoquartzite with shale (Zone
TT-1) within it in wells and outcrops in northern Taiwan 335
Table 2. Size analysis of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan.. .. 338
Table 3. Effective porosity and carbonate content of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in
northern Taiwan 339
Table 4. Mineralogical composition of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan 341
Table 5. Mineralogical composition of the heavy minerals in the protoquartzite of the Talu
Shale in northern Taiwan 343
Table 6. Chemical composition of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan ..345
Figure 1. Map showing the geographic distribution and petroleum possibility of the lenticular
protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan 332
Figure 2. Isopach map of the Talu Shale and of the lenticular protoquartzite with shale
(Zone TT-1) in northern Taiwan 333
Figure 3. Stratigraphic section in northern Taiwan, based on lithologic and electric logs of
the Talu Shale and of the lenticular protoquartzite (Zone TT-1) 334
Figure 4. Distribution map showing sandstone percentage variation of the lenticular proto¬quartzite with shale (Zone TT-1) in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan ..
..336
Figure 5. Distribution map showing carbonate content of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale
in northern Taiwan 340
xvii
PageFigure 6. Size range of detrital particles of protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern
Taiwan .342
Figure 7. Diagrammatic east-west section across the Tiehchenshan gasfield, the Chinshui
gasfield, and the Chuhuangkeng oilfield in the Miaoli region, showing the combination
traps of the lenticular protoquartizite in the Talu Shale formed by both stratigraphicand structural causes . . . . 346
2 Bb —XIII
Study of the physical and chemical properties of the natural gas, condensate and crude oil
produced in Taiwan, China 348
Table 1. Geochemical classification of natural gases 349
Table 2. Paragenesis of the main constituents of natural gas 350
Table 3. Analyses of natural gas produced from different geological formations in the Chinshui
gasfield 351
Table 4. Analyses of natural gas produced from different geological formations in the
Tiehchenshan-Tunghsiao gasfield 351
Table 5. Analyses of natural gas produced from different geological formations in the
Chuhuangkeng oilfield 353
Table 6. Analyses of natural gas produced from various geological formations in miscellaneous
districts in northern Taiwan other than Chinshui, Tiehchenshan-Tunghsiao and
Chuhuangkeng gas or oil fields 353
Table 7. Analyses of natural gas produced from various geological formation in southern
Taiwan 357
Table 8. Analyses of liquid petroleum pro.luced from various districts and fields in Taiwan. . 359
Table 9. Detailed analysis of liquid petroleum produced from 13th Zone (Talu Shale) in
Chinshui gasfield 360
Table 10. Detailed analysis of liquid petroleum produced from TT-1 Zone (Talu Shale) in
Tiehchenshan-Tunghsiao gasfield 361
Table 11. Localities and calorific values of gases produced from the geologic formations of
the last three- Miocene sedimentary cycles in northern Taiwan 362
Figure 1. Locations of gas producing districts in Taiwan 349
Figure 2. Natural gas equicaloric map of the Hopai cycle (Shangfuchi-Tungkeng Formation)in northern Taiwan
, 363
Figure 3. Natural gas equicaloric map of the Chuhuankeng cycle (Chuhuangkeng Formation)in northern Taiwan 364
Figure 4. Natural gas equicaloric map of the Mushan cycle (Mushan Formation) in northern
Taiwan 365
2 Bb—XIV
Surface stratigraphy, tectonic setting, and petroleum prospects of the Jaisalmer area, Rajasthan,India 366
Table 1. Subsurface stratigraphy of the Jaisalmer-Mari arch area 369
Figure 1. Tectonic setting of the Jaisalmer area 368
Figure 2. Correlation of wells drilled on the Jaisalmer-Mari arch 370
2 Bb—XV
The tectonic setting and Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleogeography of the western part of the
Indian subscontinent 371
Figure 1. Tectonic setting and Jurassic-Cretaceous paleoshorelines in the western part of the
Indian subcontinent 372
Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Zindapir-Pugal-Palana . . 373
Figure 3. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Sui-Mari-Kharatar-Jaisalmer 374
Figure 4. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Quetta-Bugti Hills-Kharatar-
Jaisalmer 375
xviii
Page
Figure 5. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Kirthar Range-Kutch-Viramgam-Kalol-Cambay-Anklesvar 376
Figure 6. Tectonic setting and Paleocene-Oligocene paleoshorelines in the western part of the
Indian subcontinent 380
2 Bb —XVI
Poorly explored sedimentary basins of India 381
Figure 1. Map showing poorly explored basins of India 382
2 Bb —XVII
Status of basin studies in India 406
2 Bb —XVIII
Basement configuration in the South Palembang basinal area, Indonesia-—its significance to
depositional conditions and oil trapping 408
2 Bb —XIX
Geology of the Niigata Plain, Honshu, Japan . .
409
Table 1. Neogene stratigraphy of the Niigata Plain 411
Figure 1. Locality and index map ,410
Figure 2. Aeromagnetic contour map 412
Figure 3. Geologic cross-sections 413
Figure 4. Structure contours of the base of the Teradomari Formation 415
2 Bb —XX
Geological, geophysical and drilling surveys for oil and natural gas in Korea 416
Table 1. Stratigraphic table 416
Table 2. Chemical analysis of methane gas seepage in the Pohang area 433
Table 3. Chemical analysis of water content of gas seepage in the Pohang area .. ..433
Figure 1. Geologic map of the Pohang area 417
Figure 2. Location map of geophysical prospecting in the Pohang-Hunghae area, Korea..
421
Figure 3. Summarized results of geophysical exploration in the Pohang area 423
Figure 4. Tertiary correlation diagram for drilling in the Pohang area 427
Figure 5. Geologic and electric logs of drill-hole PY-1 429
Figure 6. Geologic and electric logs of drill-hole PY-2 ..430
Figure 7. Geologic and electric logs of drill-hole PY-3 432
Figure 8. Traverse plan of offshore geophysical survey, Pohang area 435
Figure 9. Geologic structure map based on offshore geophysical survey, Pohang area .. .. 436
Figure 10. Isopach map of Teritiary sediments, based on offshore geophysical survey, Pohang
area 437
Figure 11. Isopach map of Neogene sediments, based on offshore geophysical survey in the
Yellow Sea and East China Sea; geophysical survey lines are shown .... .. 438
Figure 12. Location map of aeromagnetic survey, 1969 440
2Bb —XXI
Notes on the general character of the gravity field in the Island of Luzon, Philippines .. . . 441
Figure 1. Simplified Bouguer anomaly contour map of Luzon Island, Philippines 443
2 Bb — XXH
Geology and stratigraphy of some sedimentary basins in the Philippines"
..445
2 Bb—XXHI
New developments in the petroleum geology of the Fang and Chiang Mai Basins, northern
Thailand, and of the Gulf of Thailand 452
c. Of countries outside the ECAFE region
2 Be —I Page
Carbon isotope analyses on natural gases in north-western Germany 454
Figure 1. Carbon dioxide and methane contents of gases from north-western Germany ..455
Figure 2. Methane S-values of gases from north-western Germany 456
Figure 3. Carbon isotope ratio of methane in relation to C1/2C11 456
2 Be —H
New oil and gas regions in the epi-Paleozoic platforms of Central Asia, Kazakhstan and
Western Siberia 457
2 Bd. Paper concerning stratigraphy of the ECAFE region
(Published separately as: Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the
ECAFE region (Second Volume). Mineral Resources Development Series No. 36.
United Nations, New York, 1970.)
2 Bd —I
Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ECAFE region
2 Bd —II
Contributions towards a stratigraphic scale for the ECAFE region
2 Bd—HI
Paleontology in Australia (including the place of micropaleontology)
2 Bd—IV
A correlation chart for the Cretaceous System in Australia
2 Bd—V
Note on the establishment of principles for standardization of stratigraphic nomenclature in
Taiwan, China
2 Bd—VI
Regional stratigraphic study of the Miocene formations in northern Taiwan, China
2 Bd —VII
Stratigraphic correlation of the subsurface formations in north-western Taiwan, China
2 Bd—VHI
An outline of the stratigraphy and structure of the sedimentary basins in India
2 Bd—IX
A review of recent contributions to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphyof India
2 Bd—X
Contributions on Cretaceous and Cenozoic microfauna, paleoecology, stratigraphic classification
and correlation in India
2 Bd —XI
Steps towards standardization of stratigraptc classification in Indonesia
2 Bd —XH
Neogene Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal zonation in the oil producing provinces of Japan
2 Bd—XHI
Some aspects of the stratigraphy and correlation of the Surma Basin wells, East Pakistan
xx