PROCEEDINGS OF

THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

VOLUME 34

Part I

CONTENTS

INVITED FEATURE REVIEW

Small scales, many species and the manifold challenges of turbulent combustion.

S.B. Pope 1

INVITED STRATEGIC REVIEWS

Combustion chemistry probed by synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry.F.Qi 33

The computation of laminar flames. M.D. Smooke 65

Scaling-Up fire. J.L. Torero 99

Detonative propulsion. P. Wolanski 125

REACTION KINETICS—Invited Topical Review

The role of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in combustion modelling. A.S. Tomlin . .

159

REACTION KINETICS—Uncertainty Analysis

Uncertainty propagation in the derivation of phenomenological rate coefficients from

theory: A case study of n-propyl radical oxidation. C.F. Goldsmith, A.S. Tomlin,

S.J. Klippenstein 177

REACTION KINETICS—Reduced Reaction Mechanisms

Systematic analysis and reduction of combustion mechanisms for ignition of multi-

component kerosene surrogate. Q.-D. Wang, Y.-M. Fang, F. Wang, X.-Y. Li 187

On transient behavior of non-premixed counter-flow diffusion flames within the REDIM

based model reduction concept. V. Bykov, A. Neagos, U. Maas 197

Large-scale parallel simulations of turbulent combustion using combined dimension

reduction and tabulation of chemistry. V. Hirernath, S.R. Lantz, H. Wang, S.B. Pope .

205

Reaction-diffusion manifolds for unconfined, lean premixed, piloted, turbulent methane/

air systems. G. Steinhilber, U. Maas 217

REACTION KINETICS—Cyclic Ethers

A high temperature and atmospheric pressure experimental and detailed chemical kinetic

modelling study of 2-methyl furan oxidation. K.P. Somers, J.M. Simmie, F. Gillespie,U. Burke, J. Connolly, W.K. Metcalfe, F. Battin-Leclerc, P. Dirrenberger, O. Herbinet,P.-A. Glaude, H.J. Curran 225

The reaction of 2,5-dimethylfuran with hydrogen atoms - An experimental and theoretical

study. P. Friese, J.M. Simmie, M. Olzmann 233

Theoretical study of the reaction 2,5-dimethylfuran + H —» products. B. Sirjean,K Fournet 241

The thermal decomposition of 2,5-dimethylfuran. M. Djokic, H.-H. Carstensen,KM. Van Geem, G.B. Marin 251

Flame chemistry of tetrahydropyran as a model heteroatomic biofueL N.J. Labbe,V. Seshadri, T. Kasper, N. Hansen, P. Ofiwald, P.K Westmoreland 259

vii

viii CONTENTS

REACTION KINETICS—Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Modeling of two- and three-ring aromatics formation in the pyrolysis of toluene.

A. Matsugi, A. Miyoshi 269

Hydrogen-assisted isomerizations of fulvene to benzene and of larger cyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons. A.W. Jasper, N. Hansen 279

Experimental and semi-detailed kinetic modeling study of decalin oxidation and pyrolysisover a wide range of conditions. P. Dagaut, A. Ristori, A. Frassoldati, T. Faravelli,G. Dayma, E. Ranzi 289

Low temperature oxidation of benzene and toluene in mixture with n-decane.

O. Herbinet, B. Husson, M. Ferrari, P.-A. Glaude, F. Battin-Leclerc 297

Isomerization kinetics of benzylic and methylphenyl type radicals in single-ring aromatics.E. Dames, H. Wang 307

REACTION KINETICS—Alkylbenzenes

Theoretical investigation into the low-temperature oxidation of ethylbenzene.M. Altarawneh, B.Z. Dlugogorski, EM. Kennedy, J.C. Mackie 315

New experimental evidence and modeling study of the ethylbenzene oxidation. B. Husson,M. Ferrari, O. Herbinet, S.S. Ahmed, P.-A. Glaude, F. Battin-Leclerc 325

REACTION KINETICS—Alkanes and Surrogates

An experimental and modeling study of the autoignition of 3-methylheptane. W. Wang,Z. Li, M.A. Oehlschlaeger, D. Healy, H.J. Curran, S.M. Sarathy, M. Mehl, W.J. Pitz,

C.K Westbrook 335

Autoignition of gasoline and its surrogates in a rapid compression machine.

G. Kukkadapu, K Kumar, C.-J. Sung, M. Mehl, W.J. Pitz 345

Experimental and modeling study on the pyrolysis and oxidation of iso-octane.

T. Malewicki, A. Comandini, K Brezinsky 353

Experimental and modeling study on the pyrolysis and oxidation of n-decane and

n-dodecane. T. Malewicki, K Brezinsky 361

Multi-species time-history measurements during n-hexadecane oxidation behind reflected

shock waves. D.R. Haylett, D.F. Davidson, R.D. Cook, Z. Hong, W. Ren, S.H. Pyun,R.K Hanson 369

A rapid compression machine study of the low temperature combustion of cyclohexane at

elevated pressures. S. Vranckx, C. Lee, H.K Chakravarty, R.X. Fernandes 377

Synchrotron photoionization measurements of fundamental autoignition reactions:

Product formation in low-temperature isobutane oxidation. A.J. Eskola, O. Welz,

J.D. Savee, D.L. Osborn, C.A. Taatjes . 385

High-pressure shock-tube investigation of the impact of 3-pentanone on the ignitionproperties ofprimary reference fuels. M. Fikri, L.R. Cancino, M. Hartmann, C. Schulz 393

Development of a reduced biodiesel surrogate model for compression ignition enginemodeling. W. Liu, R. Sivaramakrishnan, M.J. Davis, S. Som, D.E. Longman, T.F. 'Lu. 401

An experimental and modeling study of the shock rube ignition of a mixture of n-heptaneand n-propylbenzene as a surrogate for a large alkyl benzene. D. Darcy, M. Mehl,

J.M. Simmie,]. Wu'rmel, W.K Metcalfe, C.K Westbrook, W.J. Pitz, H.J. Curran.... 411

REACTION KINETICS—Methyl Esters

Ignition delay times of methyl oleate and methyl linoleate behind reflected shock waves.

M.F. Campbell, D.F. Davidson, R.K Hanson, C.K Westbrook 419

CONTENTS ix

A lumped approach to the kinetic modeling ofpyrolysis and combustion of biodiesel fuels.

C. Saggese, A. Frassoldati, A. Cuoci, T. Faravelli, E. Ranzi 427

Ignition behavior of pure and blended methyl octanoate, n-nonane, and methylcyclo-hexane. B. Rotavera, E.L. Petersen 435

Photoionization mass spectrometry and modeling study of premixed flames of three

unsaturated CsH802 esters. B. Yang, C.K Westbrook, T.A. Cool, N. Hansen,K Kohse-Hdinghaus 443

Shock tube/laser absorption studies of the decomposition of methyl formate. W. Ren,

K-Y. Lam, S.H. Pyun, A. Farooq, D.F. Davidson, R.K Hanson 453

High temperature rate constants for H/D + methyl formate and methyl acetate.

S.L. Peukert, R. Sivaramakrishnan, M.-C. Su, J.V. Michael 463

REACTION KINETICS—Alcohols

Kinetics for the reactions of phenyl with methanol and ethanol: Comparison of theory andexperiment. /. Park, Z.F. Xu, K Xu, M.C. Lin 473

Rate constants of hydrogen abstraction by methyl radical from n-butanol and a

comparison of CanTherm, MultiWell and Variflex. D. Katsikadakos, C.-W. Zhou,

J.M. Simmie, H.J. Curran, P.A. Hunt, Y. Hardalupas, A.M.KP. Taylor 483

Low-temperature combustion chemistry of biofuels: Pathways in the low-temperature(550-700 K) oxidation chemistry of isobutanol and tert-butanoL O. Welz, J.D. Savee,

A.J. Eskola, L. Sheps, D.L. Osborn, C.A. Taatjes 493

Theoretical kinetics for the decomposition of iso-butanol and related

(CH3)2CH + CH2OH reactions. C.-W. Zhou, S.J. Klippenstein, J.M. Simmie,

H.J. Curran 501

A comparison of longer alkane and alcohol ignition including new experimental results for

n-pentanol and n-hexanol. K.A. Heufer, J. Bugler, H.J. Curran 511

REACTION KINETICS—Elementary Reactions

Unimolecular dissociation of hydroxypropyl and propoxy radicals. /. Zddor, J.A. Miller.. .

519

Kinetics of H atom attack on unsaturated hydrocarbons using spectral uncertainty

propagation and minimization techniques. D.A. Sheen, CM. Rosado-Reyes, W. Tsang 527

The decomposition of 2-pentyl and 3-pentyl radicals. J.A. Manion, I.A. Awan 537

A quantitative explanation for the apparent anomalous temperature dependence of

OH + HO2 = H20 + 02 through multi-scale modeling. M.P. Burke, S.J. Klippenstein,L.B. Harding 547

On the kinetics of the C5H5 + C5H5 reaction. C. Cavallotti, D. Polino 557

On the rate constants of OH + H02 and H02 + H02: A comprehensive study of H202thermal decomposition using multi-species laser absorption. Z. Hong, K-Y. Lam,

R. Sur, S. Wang, D.F. Davidson, R.K Hanson 565

REACTION KINETICS—Oxygenated Reactants

Measurements of H202 in low temperature dimethyl ether oxidation. H. Guo, W. Sun,F.M. Haas, T. Farouk, F.L. Dryer, Y. Ju .

573

Uncertainty quantification in the ah initio rate-coefficient calculation for the

CH3CH(OH)CH3 + OH -» CH3C(OH)CH3 + H20 reaction. /. Prager, H.N. Najm,

J. Zddor 583

Dissociation of dimethyl ether at high temperatures. R.S. Tranter, P.T. Lynch, X. Yang. 591

Jet-stirred reactor and flame studies of propanal oxidation. P.S. Veloo, P. Dagaut,C. Toghe, G. Dayma, S.M. Sarathy, C.K Westbrook, F.N. Egolfopoulos 599

X CONTENTS

Multi-species time-history measurements during high-temperature acetone and

2-butanone pyrolysis. K-Y. Lam, W. Ren, S.H. Pyun, A. Farooq, D.F. Davidson,R.K. Hanson 607

REACTION KINETICS—Sulfur and Nitrogen Chemistry

An experimental and kinetic modeling study of premixed nitroethane flames at low

pressure. K Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Xie, L. Ye, F. Zhang, P. Glarborg, F. Qi 617

Experimental and kinetic modelling study of H2S oxidation. C. Zhou, K. Sendt,B. S. Haynes 625

Effects of N02 addition on hydrogen ignition behind reflected shock waves. O. Mathieu,

A. Levacque, E.L. Petersen 633

An experimental and theoretical study of pyrrolidine pyrolysis at low pressure.A. Lucassen, Z. Wang, L. Zhang, F. Zhang, W. Yuan, Y. Wang, F. Qi,K Kohse-Hdinghaus 641

The diffusion flame structure of an ammonium perchlorate based composite propellant at

elevated pressures. T.D. Hedman, L.J. Groven, K.Y. Cho, R.P. Lucht, S.F. Son 649

Prompt NO formation in flames: The influence of NCN thermochemistry. E. Goos,

C. Sickfeld, F. Maufi, L. Seidel, B. Ruscic, A. Burcat, T. Zeuch 657

Modelling and speciation of nitrogen oxides in engines. V. Knop, A. Nicolle, O. Colin. .667

REACTION KINETICS—Experimental Progress

Dynamics ofexcited hydroxyl radicals in hydrogen-based mixtures behind reflected shock

waves. R. Mevel, S. Pichon, L. Catoire, N. Chaumeix, C.-E. Paillard, J.E. Shepherd. .

677

Methodology to account for multi-stage ignition phenomena during simulations of RCM

experiments. S.S. Goldsborough, G. Mittal, C. Banyon 685

LAMINAR FLAMES—Burning Velocities

Effects of Soret diffusion on the laminar flame speed and Markstein length ofsyngas/airmixtures. W. Liang, Z. Chen, F. Yang, H. Zhang 695

Fundamental burning velocities of meso-scale propagating spherical flames with H2, CH4

and CaHg mixtures. M. Nakahara, F. Abe, K. Tokunaga, A. Ishihara 703

Flame studies of C2 hydrocarbons. O. Park, P.S. Veloo, F.N. Egolfopoulos 711

The effects of water dilution on hydrogen, syngas, and ethylene flames at elevated

pressure. /. Santner, F.L. Dryer, Y. Ju 719

Flame propagation of mixtures of air with high molecular weight neat hydrocarbons and

practical jet and diesel fuels. B. Li, N. Liu, R. Zhao, H. Zhang, F.N. Egolfopoulos. . .727

Pressure effects on laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths for Isooctane-

Ethanol-Air mixtures. E. Varea, V. Modica, B. Renou, AM. Boukhalfa . 735

Further investigation on the enhancement of flame speed in vortex ring combustion.

S. Ishizuka, T. Yamashita, D. Shimokuri 745

Direct prediction of laminar burning velocity using an adapted annular stepwise divergingtube. Z. Liu, M.J. Lee, N.I. Kim 755

LAMINAR FLAMES—Alcohols, Ethers, Esters and Dienes

Experimental investigation of partially premixed, highly-diluted dimethyl ether flames at

low temperatures. K Zhang, K Moshammer, P. Ojiwald, K Kohse-Hdinghaus 763

Mass spectrometric investigation of the low-temperature dimethyl ether oxidation in an

atmospheric pressure laminar flow reactor. F. Herrmann, P. Ojiwald,K Kohse-Hdinghaus 771

CONTENTS xi

An experimental study on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in laminar

coflow non-premixed methane/air flames doped with four isomeric butanols. H. Jin,Y. Wang, K Zhang, H. Guo, F. Qi 779

Propagation and extinction of cyclopentadiene flames. C. Ji, R. Zhao, B. Li,F.N. Egolfopoulos 787

Experimental and kinetic modeling study of 1-hexanol combustion in an opposed-flowdiffusion flame. C. Yeung, M.J. Thomson 795

A numerical study of the autoignition of dimethyl ether with temperature inhomogene-ities. H. Zhang, E.R. Hawkes, J.H. Chen, S. Kook 803

Uncertainty assessment of species measurements in acetone counterflow diffusion flames.

J.K Lefkowitz, S.H. Won, Y. Fenard, Y. Ju .813

A comparative study of the chemical kinetic characteristics of small methyl esters in

diffusion flame extinction. P. Dievart, S.H. Won, J. Gong, S. Dooley, Y. Ju 821

NO* formation and flame velocity profiles of iso- and n-isomers of butane and butanol.

G.A. Chung, B. Akih-Kumgeh, G.M.G. Watson, J.M. Bergthorson. 831

LAMINAR FLAMES—Porous Media Combustion

Analytical study of stretched ultra-lean premixed flames within porous inert media

M.A.E. Kokubun, F.M. Pereira, F.F. Fachini 839

LAMINAR FLAMES—Stability, Ignition and Extinction

Direct ignition and S-curve transition by in situ nano-second pulsed discharge in

methane/oxygen/helium counterflow flame. W. Sun, S.H. Won, T. Ombrello, C. Carter,

Y.Ju 847

Hydrodynamic aspects of end-gas autoignition. L. Kagan, G. Sivashinsky 857

Flame acceleration in long narrow open channels. V.N. Kurdyumov, M. Matalon 865

Ignition of non-premixed cyclohexane and mono-alkylated cyclohexane flames. N. Liu,C. Ji, F.N. Egolfopoulos 873

Effect of pressure on structure and extinction of near-limit hydrogen counterflow

diffusion flames. U. Niemann, K Seshadri, F.A. Williams 881

Modeled quenching limits of spherical hydrogen diffusion flames. V.R. Lecoustre,P.B. Sunderland, B.H. Chao, KL. Axelbaum 887

Experimental study of minimum ignition energy of lean H2-N20 mixtures. S. Coronel,

R. Mevel, S.P.M. Bane, J.E. Shepherd 895

Ignition of non-premixed counterflow flames of octane and decane isomers. N. Liu,

S.M. Sarathy, C.K Westbrook, F.N. Egolfopoulos 903

LAMINAR FLAMES—Cellular Flames and Dynamics

Finding thermoacoustic limit cycles for a ducted Burke-Schumann flame. S.J. Illingworth,I.C. Waugh, M.P. Juniper 911

An analytical model for the prediction of the dynamic response of premixed flames

stabilized on a heat-conducting perforated plate. KS. Kedia, A.F. Ghoniem 921

Measurements of the critical initiation radius and unsteady propagation of n-decane/air

premixed flames. H.H. Kim, S.H. Won, J. Santner, Z. Chen, Y. Ju 929

An experimental investigation on self-acceleration of cellular spherical flames. F. Wu,G. Jomaas, C.K Law 937

Lock-in and quasiperiodicity in hydrodynamically self-excited flames: Experiments and

modelling. L.K.B. Li, M.P. Juniper 947

Experimental evaluation of DC electric field effect on the thermoacoustic behaviour of

flat premixed flames. E.N. Volkov, V.N. Kornilov, L.P.H. de Goey 955

xii CONTENTS

Response of non-premixed flames to bulk flow perturbations. N. Magina, D.-H. Shin,

V. Acharya, T. Lieuwen 963

A structural study of premixed hydrogen-air cellular tubular flames. C.A. Hall, R.W. Pitz 973

Cellular and sporadic flame regimes of low-Lewis-number stretched premixed flames.

R. Fursenko, S. Minaev, H. Nakamura, T. Tezuka, S. Hasegawa, K. Takase, X. Li,

M. Katsuta, M. Kikuchi, K Maruta 981

LAMINAR FLAMES—Premixed Flames

Influence of radiation losses on the stability of premixed flames on a porous-plug burner.

V.N. Kurdyumov, M. Sdnchez-Sanz 989

Behavior ofpreheated premixed flames at rich conditions. /. Gibson, M. Ayoobi,I. Schoegl

997

Scaling the flame transfer function of confined premixed conical flames. A. Cuquel,D. Durox, T. Schuller 1007

LAMINAR FLAMES—Non-Premixed Flames

A counter-flow diffusion flame study of branched octane isomers; S.M. Sarathy,U. Niemann, C. Yeung, R. Gehmlich, C.K Westbrook, M. Plomer, Z. Luo, M. Mehl,

W.J. Pitz, K Seshadri, M.J. Thomson, T. Lu 1015

Chemical effects of 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene addition in counterflow gaseous diffusion

flames. F. Carbone, A. Gomez 1025

Hydrocarbon species concentrations in nitrogen diluted ethylene-air laminar jet diffusion

flames at elevated pressures. R.K Ahhinavam Kailasanathan, E.K Book, T. Fang,

W.L. Roberts 1035

Experimental and numerical study of rich inverse diffusion flame structure. B. Stelzner,

F. Hunger, S. Voss, J. Keller, C. Hasse, D. Trimis 1045

A numerical and experimental study of soot formation in a laminar coflow diffusion flame

of a Jet A-l surrogate. M. Saffaripour, M. Kholghy, S.B. Dworkin, M.J. Thomson. . .

1057

Studies of laminar opposed-flow diffusion flames of acetylene at low-pressures with

photoionization mass spectrometry. S.A. Skeen, B. Yang, H.A. Michelsen, J.A. Miller,

A. Violi, N. Hansen 1067

LAMINAR FLAMES—Modeling

Numerical simulation of edge flames initiation and propagation using an adaptive wavelet

collocation method E. Martelli, M. Valorani, S. Paolucci, Z. Zikoski 1077

Numerical study of flame structure and soot inception interpreted in carbon-to-oxygen

atom ratio space. F. Xia, G.S. Yablonsky, R.L. Axelbaum 1085

A direct numerical simulation study of frequency and Lewis number effects on sound

generation by two-dimensional forced laminar premixed flames. M. Talei, E.R. Hawkes,

M.J. Brear1093

C/H atom ratio in recirculation-zone-supported premixed and nonpremixed flames.

V. Katta, W.M. Roquemore1101

Numerical simulation of propagating circular and cylindrical lean premixed hydrogen/airflames. C. Altantzis, C.E. Frouzakis, A.G. Tomboulides, K Boulouchos 1109

MG-local-PCA method for reduced order combustion modeling. A. Coussement,

O. Gicquel, A. Parente 1117

Analysis of n-heptane auto-ignition characteristics using computational singular

perturbation. S. Gupta, H.G. Im, M. Valorani 1125

Numerical study on ultra-lean rotating counterflow twin premixed flame of hydrogen-air.A. Uemichi, M. Nishioka 1135

CONTENTS xiii

LAMINAR FLAMES—Flame Synthesis

Combustion chemistry of Ti(OC3H7)4 in premixed flat burner-stabilized Ha/CVAr flame

at 1 aim AG. Shmakov, O.P. Korobeinichev, D.A. Rnyazkov, A.A. Paletsky,R.A. Maksutov, I.E. Gerasimov, T.A. Bolshova, V.G. Kiselev, N.P. Gritsan 1143

TURBULENT FLAMES—DNS

Determination of three-dimensional quantities related to scalar dissipation rate and its

transport from two-dimensional measurements: Direct Numerical Simulation based

validation. N. Chakraborty, H. Kolla, R. Sankaran, E.R. Hawkes, J.H. Chen,N. Swaminathan 1151

Direct numerical simulation of autoigniting mixing layers in MILD combustion.

J.A. van Oijen 1163Simulation of nitrogen emissions in a premixed hydrogen flame stabilized on a low swirlburner. J.B. Bell, M.S. Day, M.J. Lijewski 1173

TURBULENT FLAMES—LES

LES/PDF based modeling of soot-turbulence interactions in turbulent flames. P. Donde,V. Raman, M.E. Mueller, H. Pitsch 1183

Scalar dissipation rate modelling for Large Eddy Simulation ofturbulent premixed flames.T.D. Dunstan, Y. Minamoto, N. Chakraborty, N. Swaminathan 1193

Modified laminar flamelet presumed probability density function for LES of premixedturbulent combustion. MM. Salehi, W.K Bushe, N. Shahbazian, C.P.T. Groth 1203

Deterministic Multiple Mapping Conditioning (MMC) applied to a turbulent flame in

Large Eddy Simulation (LES). C.B. Devaud, I. Stankovic, B. Merci 1213

Saturation mechanism of the heat release response of a premixed swirl flame using LES.

H.J. Krediet, C.H. Beck, W. Krebs, J.B.W. Kok 1223

Subgrid-scale mixing of mixture fraction, temperature, and species mass fractions in

turbulent partially premixed flames. S. Liu, C. Tong 1231

Large-eddy simulation/probability density function modeling of a non-premixed CO/H2

temporally evolving jet flame. Y. Yang, H. Wang, S.B. Pope, J.H. Chen 1241

A novel transient turbulent jet flame for studying turbulent combustion. H. Wang,M. Juddoo, S.H. Starner, A.R. Masri, S.B. Pope 1251

Impact of dynamic wrinkling model on the prediction accuracy using the F-TACLEScombustion model in swirling premixed turbulent flames. T. Schmitt, A. Sadiki,B. Fiorina, D. Veynante 1261

Large Eddy Simulations and experimental studies of turbulent premixed combustion near

extinction. P. Wang, F. Zieker, R. Schiejil, N. Platova, J. Frohlich, U. Maas 1269

Turbulence-radiation interactions in large-eddy simulations ofluminous and nonluminous

nonpremixed flames. A. Gupta, D.C. Haworth, M.F. Modest 1281

Large eddy simulation of a lifted ethylene flame using a dynamic nonequilibrium modelfor subfilter scalar variance and dissipation rate. CM. Kaul, V. Raman, E. Knudsen,E. S. Richardson, J.H. Chen 1289

Chemical kinetic uncertainty quantification for Large Eddy Simulation of turbulent

nonpremixed combustion. M.E. Mueller, G. laccarino, H. Pitsch 1299

Large eddy simulations of the Darmstadt turbulent stratified flame series.

F. Cavallo Marincola, T. Ma, A.M. Kempf 1307

xiv CONTENTS

TURBULENT FLAMES—Model Development and RANS

A priori testing of a two-dimensional unsteady flamelet model for three-feed combustion

systems. E.M. Doran, H. Pitsch, D.J. Cook 1317

A comparative study of Sandia flame series (D-F) using sparse-Lagrangian MMC

modelling. Y. Ge, M.J. Chary, A.Y. Klimenko 1325

Conditional velocity statistics for high and low Damkohler number turbulent premixedcombustion in the context of Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations.

N. Chakraborty, A.N. Lipatnikov 1333

Turbulent Reynolds number dependence offlame surface density transport in the context

of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations. N. Chakraborty, R.S. Cant 1347

Characteristic chemical time scales identification in reactive flows. /. Caudal, B. Fiorina,M. Massot, B. Labegorre, N. Darabiha, O. Gicquel 1357

Hybrid multiple mapping conditioning modeling of local extinction. A.P. Wandel,R.P. Lindstedt 1365

TURBULENT FLAMES—Premixed Flames

A dynamic SGS combustion model based on fractal characteristics of turbulent premixedflames. I. Yoshikawa, Y.-S. Shim, Y. Nada, M. Tanahashi, T. Miyauchi 1373

Radical fingering in turbulent premixed flame classified into thin reaction zones.

Y.-S. Shim, N. Fukushima, M. Shimura, Y. Nada, M. Tanahashi, T. Miyauchi 1383

Turbulent premixed flame front dynamics and implications for limits of flamelet

hypothesis. F.T.C. Yuen, 6.L. Giilder 1393

Streamline segment analysis of turbulent premixed flames. L. Wang, N. Chakraborty,J.Zhang 1401

Effects of preferential transport and strain in bluff body stabilized lean and rich premixedCHVair flames. M.J. Dunn, R.S. Barlow 1411

A PDF combustion model for turbulent premixed flames. B.T. Toiler, M.L. Hack, P. Jenny 1421

Flame front characteristics of turbulent premixed flames diluted with C02 and H20 at

high pressure and high temperature. /. Wang, F. Matsuno, M. Okuyama, Y. Ogami,H. Kobayashi, Z. Huang 1429

Turbulent premixed flame characteristics of a CO/H2/O2 mixture highly diluted with C02

in a high-pressure environment. H. Kobayashi, Y. Otawara, J. Wang, F. Matsuno,Y. Ogami, M. Okuyama, T. Kudo, S. Kadowaki 1437

TURBULENT FLAMES—Non-Premixed Flames

A comparison of turbulent dimethyl ether and methane non-premixed flame structure.

KN. Gabet, H. Shen, R.A. Patton, F. Fuest, J.A. Sutton 1447

Simultaneous LII and PIV measurements in the soot formation region of turbulent non-

premixed jet flames. V. Narayanaswamy, N.T. Clemens 1455

A chemistry tabulation approach via Rate-Controlled Constrained Equilibrium (RCCE)and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), with application to turbulent non-premixedCH4/H2/N2 flames. A.K Chatzopoulos, S. Rigopoulos 1465

Simultaneous visualization of OH, CH, CH20 and toluene PLIF in a methane jet flame

with varying degrees of turbulence. /. Sjdholm, J. Rosell, B. Li, M. Richter, Z. Li,X.-S. Bai, M. Alden 1475

TURBULENT FLAMES—Stabilization and Dynamics

Flame stabilization and auto-ignition of pulsed methane jets in a hot coflow: Influence of

temperature. CM. Arndt, R. Schiefil, J.D. Gounder, W. Meier, M. Aigner 1483

CONTENTS xv

Analysis of blowoff dynamics from flames with stratified fueling. KM. Kopp-Vaughan,T.R Jensen, B.M. Cetegen, M.W. Renfro 1491

Structure and stabilization of hydrogen jet flames in cross-flows. A.M. Steinberg,R Sadanandan, C. Dem, P. Kutne, W. Meier 1499

Influence of the Darrieus-Landau instability on the propagation of planar turbulent

flames. N. Fogla, F. Creta, M. Matalon 1509

TURBULENT FLAMES—Burning Velocities

Measurements and correlations of turbulent burning velocities over wide ranges of fuels

and elevated pressures. D. Bradley, M. Lowes, K Liu, M.S. Mansour 1519

Pressure and fuel effects on turbulent consumption speeds of H2/CO blends.

P. Venkateswaran, A. Marshall, J. Seitzman, T. Lieuwen 1527

SPRAY AND DROPLET COMBUSTION—Droplets

Effect of a homogeneous combustion catalyst on combustion characteristics of singledroplets of diesel and biodiesel. M. Zhu, Y. Ma, D. Zhang 1537

Droplet vaporization characteristics of multicomponent mixtures of methanol and

gasoline surrogate in opposed stagnation flows. H. Zhu, Y. Zhang, M. Xu, RJ. Kee. .

1545

Droplet/turbulence interaction and early flame kernel development in an autoignitingrealistic dense spray. /. Shinjo, A. Umemura . .

1553

Effects of fuel droplet size distribution on soot formation in spray flames formed in a

laminar counterflow. /. Hayashi, J. Fukui, F. Akamatsu 1561

Spherically symmetric droplet combustion of three and four component miscible mixtures

as surrogates for Jet-A Y.C. Liu, A.J. Savas, C.T. Avedisian 1569

Droplet evaporation in a turbulent atmosphere at elevated pressure - Experimental data.

M. Birouk, S.C. Fabbro 1577

Effects of droplet interaction on spontaneous ignition of an n-decane droplet pair.O. Moriue, Y. Nishiyama, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Hashimoto, E. Murase 1585

Droplet ignition behavior in the vicinity of the leading edge of a flame spreading along a

fuel droplet array in fuel-vapor/air mixture. H. Nomura, H. Takahashi, Y. Suganuma,M. Kikuchi 1593

SPRAY AND DROPLET COMBUSTION—Droplets in Microgravity

Effects of droplet diameter on instantaneous burning rate of isolated fuel droplets in

argon-rich or carbon dioxide-rich ambiences under microgravity. S. Nakaya,K Fujishima, M. Tsue, M. Kono, D. Segawa 1601

Sub-millimeter sized methyl butanoate droplet combustion: Microgravity experimentsand detailed numerical modeling. T.I. Farouk, Y.C. Liu, A.]. Savas, C.T. Avedisian,F.L. Dryer. 1609

SPRAY AND DROPLET COMBUSTION—Spray Modeling

A new solution for a polydisperse spray diffusion flame and its extinction in a shear layer.J.B. Greenberg, D. Katoshevski 1617

Extinction predictors in turbulent sprays. A.P. Wandel 1625

LES/probability density function approach for the simulation of an ethanol spray flame.

C. Heye, V. Raman, A.R Masri 1633

LES-CMC of a dilute acetone spray flame. S. Ukai, A. Kronenburg, O.T. Stein 1643

xvi CONTENTS

SPRAY AND DROPLET COMRUSTION—Spray Combustion

Visualization of secondary atomization in emulsified-fuel spray flow by shadow imaging.H. Watanabe, K. Okazaki 1651

A tabulated chemistry method for spray combustion. B. Franzelli, B. Fiorina, N. Darabiha 1659

Understanding high-pressure gas-liquid interface phenomena in Diesel engines.R.N. Dahms, J. Manin, L.M. Pickett, J.C. Oefelein 1667

Laser sheet dropsizing of evaporating sprays using simultaneous LIEF/MIE techniques.W. Zeng, M. Xu, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang 1677

Lagrangian conditional statistics of turbulent n-heptane spray combustion in different

injection conditions. /. Seo, K.Y. Huh 1687

Stability of spray combustion for water/alcohols mixtures in oxygen-enriched air. F. Yi,

R.L. Axelbaum 1697

NO,, emissions from high swirl turbulent spray flames with highly oxygenated fuels.

M.D. Bohon, W.L. Roberts 1705

SOOT AND PAH—Invited Topical Review

Study of the formation of soot and its precursors in flames using optical diagnostics.P. Desgroux, X. Mercier, KA. Thomson 1713

SOOT AND PAH—Pyrolysis

Experimental and kinetic modeling study of tetralin pyrolysis at low pressure. Y. Li,

L. Zhang, Z. Wang, L. Ye, J. Cai, Z. Cheng, F. Qi 1739

Fe203 nanoparticle mediated molecular growth and soot inception from the oxidative

pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene. M.P. Herring, P.M. Potter, H. Wu, S. Lomnicki,B. Dellinger 1749

Thermal decomposition of graphene armchair oxyradicals. D.E. Edwards, X. You,

D.Y. Zubarev, W.A. Lester Jr., M. Frenklach 1759

The high pressure study of n-propylbenzene pyrolysis. S. Gudiyella, K Brezinsky ....1767

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the co-pyrolysis of 1,3-butadiene and propyne.

KB. Poddar, S. Thomas, M.J. Wornat 1775

SOOT AND PAH—Flames

An experimental and kinetic modeling investigation on a rich premixed n-propylbenzeneflame at low pressure. Z. Wang, Y. Li, F. Zhang, L. Zhang, W. Yuan, Y. Wang, F. Qi 1785

Soot formation in a laminar ethylene/air diffusion flame at pressures from 1 to 8 atm.

H. Guo, Z. Gu, KA Thomson, G.J. Smallwood, F.F. Baksh 1795

Sooting limit in counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene/propane fuels and implication to

threshold soot index. P.H. Joo, Y. Wang, A. Raj, S.H. Chung 1803

SOOT AND PAH—PAH

Experimental and detailed kinetic modeling study of PAH formation in laminar co-flow

methane diffusion flames. A. Cuoci, A. Frassoldati, T. Faravelli, H. Jin, Y. Wang,K Zhang, P. Glarborg, F. Qi ,.

. . : 1811

A numerical and experimental study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a laminar

diffusion flame.. L.M. Verhoeven, M.H. de Andrade Oliveira, A. Lantz, B. Li, Z.S. Li,C. C.M. Luijten,J.A. van Oijen, M. Alden, L.P.H. de Goey 1819

A fully coupled simulation of PAH and soot growth with a population balance model

D. Chen, Z. Zainuddin, E. Yapp, J. Akroyd, S. Mosbach, M. Kraft 1827

CONTENTS xvii

SOOT AND PAH—Size and Structure

Thermodynamics of poly-aromatic hydrocarbon clustering and the effects of substituted

aliphatic chains. P. Elvati, A. Violi 1837

Fluorescence anisotropy in a diffusion flame to shed light in the "dark region".M. Commodo, L.A. Sgro, X. Wang, C. de Ldsio, P. Minutolo 1845

Evolution of size distribution of nascent soot in n- and i-butanol flames. /. Camacho,S. Lieb, H. Wang 1853

Modeling of soot particle size distributions in premixed stagnation flow flames.

R.P. Lindstedt, B.B.O. Waldheim 1861

Nanostructure and oxidative properties of soot from a compression ignition engine:The effect of a homogeneous combustion catalyst D. Zhang, Y. Ma, M. Zhu 1869

Coagulation of combustion generated nanoparticles in low and intermediate temperature

regimes: An experimental study. M. Sirignano, A. D'Anna 1877

Probing structures of soot formed in premixed flames of methane, ethylene and benzene.

C. Russo, M. Alfe, J.-N. Rouzaud, F. Stanzione, A. Tregrossi, A. Ciajolo 1885