Proceedings of the

ASME 4th International Conference

on Energy Sustainability

-2010-

VOLUME 1

policy, education, and legal aspects of energy

climate control and the environment

fuel cells and hydrogen energy technologies

energy systems: design, integration, implementation

renewable and alternative energy technologies

low/zero emission power plants and carbon sequestration

transportation energy systems

micro and nano technologies in energy systems

exergy applications: sustainability, renewable energy

geothermal energy, ocean energy and other emerging technologies

thermoeconomic analysis

low-zero energy buildings

presented at

ASME 2010 4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY

MAY 1 7-22, 2010

PHOENIX, ARIZONA USA

sponsored by

ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS DIVISION, ASME

SOLAR ENERGY DIVISION, ASME

ASME

Three Park Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016

CONTENTS

POLICY, EDUCATION, AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY

ES2010-90029 1

Water Impacts of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 on Texas

Emily A. Grubert and Michael E. Webber

ES2010-90071 13

Learnable Lessons on Sustainability From the Provision of Electricity in South Africa

M. K. Heun, J. L. van Niekerk, M. Swilling, A. J. Meyer, A. Brent, and T. P. Fluri

ES2010-90130 25

Evaluation of H.R. 2454's Potential Impacts on Texas's Electricity Profile Using the

Rosenfeld Effect as a Basis for Evaluation

Melissa C. Lott and Michael E. Webber

ES2010-90179 35

An Updated Estimate for Energy Use in U.S. Food Production and Policy ImplicationsAmanda D. Cuellar and Michael E. Webber

ES2010-90185 45

Evaluating the Cost of Food in a Carbon Constrained EconomyKelly M. Twomeyand Michael E. Webber

ES2010-90348 57

Development of Workforce for Wind EnergyKishor C. Mehta, Andrew H. P. Swift, Richard P. Walker, and Kelsey L. Seger

ES2010-90349 65

Research on Assessment Method of Green Buildings in China

Wei Bing, Zhang Bin, and Luo Wen

ES2010-90365 75

Integrative Analysis of Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Sources for ElectricityGeneration in U.S.: Demand and Supply Factors, Environmental Risks and Policy Evaluation

Ramesh Agarwal, Ping Wang, and Lee Chusak

ES2010-90410 85

Energy Efficiency in Industrial Operations: An Evaluation of Benefits and Cost of the Most

Effective Interventions Within the Italian Industrial Sector

Enrico Cagno and Andrea Trianni

ES2010-90430 95

Development of Alternative Energy Laboratories in Support of a New Green Concentration

in Mechanical EngineeringSaid Dini and Richard B. Mindek, Jr.

ES2010-90434 103

Policy Solutions for Increasing Economic Impacts of Wind Development in Arizona

Karin E. Wadsack and Tom Acker

ix

ES2010-90508 113

Energy Conservation Building Code in India: Status, Issues and Opportunities

Jyotirmay Mathur, Vishal Garg, and VijetaJangra

CLIMATE CONTROL AND THE ENVIRONMENT

ES2010-90037 121

Combustion Emissions Modeling and Testing of Conventional Diesel Fuel

Hsing-Pang Liu, Shannon Strank, Mike Werst, Robert Hebner, and Jude Osara

ES2010-90038 131

Combustion Emissions Modeling and Testing of Neat Biodiesel Fuels

Hsing-Pang Liu, Shannon Strank, Mike Werst, Robert Hebner, and Jude Osara

ES2010-90315 141

The Environmental and Economic Impact of IGCC in China, With Comparison to

Alternative OptionsZupan Hu and Joseph W. Pratt

ES2010-90346 153

The Feasibility Study of Household Units PV Cells for Carbon Emission Reduction in

Developing Countries: A Case Study of N. CyprusO. Phillips Agboola, Fuat Egelioglu, and O. Mary Agboola

ES2010-90358 163

Assessment Indexes and Systems of Environmental Quality of Green Buildings in China

Wei Bing, Luo Wen, and Zhang Bin

ES2010-90376 171

Deployment Prospects for Proposed Sustainable Energy Alternatives in 2020

Glenn N. Doty, David L. McCree, Judy M. Doty, and F. David Doty

FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

ES2010-90125 183

Numerical Optimization of a Volumetric Solar Receiver-Reactor for Thermochemical

Hydrogen Generation via Decomposition of Sulfur Trioxide

Adam Noglik, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler, and Robert Pitz-Paal

ES2010-90138 193

3D Modeling of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell and Hydride Hydrogen Storage Tank

Yun Wang

ES2010-90139 201

Modeling and Analysis of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cold-Start

Yun Wang and Jeffrey Mishler

ES2010-90140 207

Fabrication of Micro PEM Fuel Cells Using Pyrolysis and Experimental TestingYun Wang, Liem Pham, and Guilherme Porto Vasconcellos

x

ES2010-90149 213

Performance of Biogas Fueled Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Gas Turbine CycleFarshid Zabihian, Alan S. Fung, and Murat Koksal

ES2010-90215 225

Optimal Design of a Biogas Fuelled MCFC System Integrated With an Anaerobic DigesterVittorio Verda and Flavio Nicolin

ES2010-90252 233

Exergetic Analysis of a Solar-Heated Fuel Cell System Fed by Methanol

Nico Hotz, Ming-Tsang Lee, Costas P. Grigoropoulos, Raul Zimmerman,

Gary Rosengarten, and Dimos Poulikakos

ES2010-90323 241

Material and Energy Process-Step Models of Solar Thermal Hydrogen Production

TechniquesBasel Al Akkad, Mohamed Almodaris, Elliot Howard, Jocin Abraham, Sara Khorasani,and Nesrin Ozalp

ES2010-90324 255

Modeling of Vortex-Flow Solar Reactor via Ideal Reactors in Series ApproachNesrin Ozalp, Vidyasagar Shilapuram, and D. Jayakrishna

ES2010-90341 265

Alternatives to Electricity for GW-Scale Transmission and Firming Storage for Diverse,Stranded Renewables: Hydrogen and Ammonia

William C. Leighty, John H. Holbrook, and James G. Blencoe

ENERGY SYSTEMS: DESIGN, INTEGRATION, IMPLEMENTATION

ES2010-90012 273

Green Energy Storage for Better Gas Turbine EfficiencyJohn T. Langaker

ES2010-90041 279

Flare Gas Utilization at Combined Oil-Gas Well Sites

Casey Quinn, Daniel Zimmerle, and Daniel B. Olsen

ES2010-90094 285

Evaluation of Environmental Loads for the Synthesis of a Trigeneration SystemLuis M. Serra, Miguel A. Lozano, and Monica Carvalho

ES2010-90116 295

Design for Sustainable Data Center Energy Use and Eco-FootprintMilton Meckler

ES2010-90123 307

CFD Simulation of the Supersonic Steam Ejector

Zhiming Li, Jinli Wang, Hongtao Zheng, Cai Lin, and Yajun Li

ES2010-90127 315

The Structure Design and Numerical Simulation of Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Nozzle

Honglei Yang, Hongtao Zheng, Zhiming Li, and Yajun Li

xi

ES2010-90135 323

Tool for Small Office Buildings Energy Consumption Estimation

N. Fumo and P. J. Mago

ES2010-90159 331

A New Approach to Determine Optimum Insulation Thickness for all Buildings in TurkeyBased on Heating Loads and Heat Gains

Derya B. Ozkan and Cenk Onan

ES2010-90213 339

Revamping Energy Efficiency and Exergy Analysis of an Existing Upstream Gas

Treatment FacilityMichele Margarone, Stefano Magi, Giuseppe Gorla, Stefano Biffi, Paolo Siboni,

Gianluca Valenti, Matteo C. Romano, Antonio Giuffrida, Emanuele Negri, and

Ennio Macchi

ES2010-90221 349

Thermal Storage Systems for District Heating Networks

Vittorio Verda and Francesco Colella

ES2010-90330 357

Regeneration Strategies of Air-Purification TSA Process for Cryogenic Air Distillation Plant

Peikun Zhang, Li Wang, Yuzhi Cheng, Zhengqiang Li, Yuan Gao, and Ding Wang

ES2010-90347 363

Economic Evaluation of Residential Central Air Conditioning SystemsWei Bing, Yang Huayi, and Luo Wen

ES2010-90360 371

Economic Optimization of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Based on Constructal TheoryMajid Amidpour and Abazar Vahdat Azad

ES2010-90361 385

Simulation of Indoor Air Flow Fields in Buildings With Large Interior Spaces With Stratified

Air Conditioning and Perforated Side Wall Diffusers

Wei Bing and Zhang Li

ES2010-90369 391

Heat Balancing Characteristics of a Domestic Pressure Cooker

P. Ravikumar and P. Sivamurugan

ES2010-90389 397

Development and Testing of an Automated Building Commissioning Analysis Tool (ABCAT)John D. Bynum, David E. Claridge, and Jonathan M. Curtin

ES2010-90391 405

The Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Investigation on Transcritical Carbon

Dioxide Heat Pump System

Yingbai Xie, Yingfu Liu, Yingcheng Mai, and Luxiang Zong

ES2010-90472 411

Minimizing On-Peak and Off-Peak Demands for a Thermal Storage System: Forecast Model

Analysis to Predict Next Day Daily Average Load and Model ApplicationLi Song, Ik-Seong Joo, and Subroto Gunawan

xii

ES2010-90480 421

A Practical Integration Approach and Whole Building Energy Simulation of Three EnergyEfficient Building TechnologiesJames P. Miller, Michael Deru, Kyle Benne, Alexander Zhivov, and Dale Herron

ES2010-90486 431

Experimental Assessment and Thermal Performance of an Ammonia-Water Absorption

Heat PumpTalaatA. Ibrahim

ES2010-90490 439

Performance of Add-On Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Systems and Their Impacts on

Electric Utility Loads

Yahya I. Sharaf-Eldeen, Craig V. Muccio, and Eric Gay

RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

ES2010-90006 447

Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat II

George J. Mahl, III

ES2010-90015 451

Analytical Thermal Analysis of Solar Chimney Power Plant

Mohammad O. Hamdan

ES2010-90067 457

Leveling Intermittent Renewable Energy Production Through Biomass Gasification-Based

Hybrid SystemsJered Dean, Robert Braun, Michael Penev, Christopher Kinchin, and David Munoz

ES2010-90089 469

Converting Low-Grade Heat Into Power Using a Supercritical Rankine Cycle With ZeotropicMixture Working Fluid

Huijuan Chen, D.Yogi Goswami, Muhammad M. Rahman, and Elias K. Stefanakos

ES2010-90129 479

Low Capital Cost Renewable Energy Conversion With Liquid Piston Stirling EnginesJames W. Stevens

ES2010-90193 485

A Scalable, Economical, Uninterrupted Solar Thermal Power SystemBrent R. Bartlett, Nicholas C. D'Orsi, Chip Hobson, Bruce McGeoch, Edward Whitaker,

and David A. Torrey

ES2010-90195 495

Human Power Generation in Fitness Facilities

Maha N. Haji, Kimberly Lau, and Alice M. Agogino

ES2010-90211 503

Integrated Biomass Gasification Small-Scale Combined Cycle Distributed Generation

Plant With Microturbine and ORC

Jacek Kalina

xiii

ES2010-90218 515

Assessment of a Syngas-Diesel Dual Fuelled Compression Ignition EngineBibhuti B. Sahoo, Niranjan Sahoo, and Ujjwal K. Saha

ES2010-90219 523

Design of Farm Waste-Driven Supply Side Infrastructure for Data Centers

Ratnesh Sharma, Tom Christian, Martin Arlitt, Cullen Bash, and Chandrakant Patel

ES2010-90227 531

Electric Utility Operational Cost and Emissions Management With Grid-Scale

Energy StorageChioke Harris, Michael E. Webber, and Jeremy P. Meyers

ES2010-90303 541

A Roadmap for Rural Electrification in Developing Countries Using MiViPPs (MicroutilityVirtual Power Plants)

Swati Pandey and Manish Chauhan

ES2010-90350 547

SIHG Testing and AnalysisGregory Bredariol, Kevin Stevens, Aaron Gamier, and Andrew Foley

ES2010-90351 559

The Design of a Low Speed Water Turbine

Andrew C. Foley

ES2010-90374 567

Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Hydropower Analysis: Benefits of Hydropowerin Large-Scale Integration of Renewables in the Western United States

Carson M. Pete, Thomas L Acker, Gary Jordan, and David A. Harpman

ES2010-90377 577

Projections of Levelized Cost Benefit of Grid-Scale Energy Storage OptionsGlenn N. Doty, David L. McCree, and F. David Doty

ES2010-90396 585

Solute Ion Coulomb Force Monopole Motor and Solute Ion Linear Alignment PropulsionAnthony N. Fresco

ES2010-90397 595

Economics of Wastewater Treatment CodigestionMichael P. Keleman

ES2010-90446 609

Pre Feasibility Analysis of a Wind-Solar-Diesel Electricity Generation System for a

Remote Island Community in the Gulf of Guayaquil in Ecuador

Pablo Tagle Salazar and Jorge Duque-Rivera

ES2010-90479 617

Colorado Community Benefits From Installing Waste Heat Recovery SystemJennifer Strehler, Scott Vandenburgh, Dave Parry, and Tim Rynders

xiv

ES2010-90488 629

Lessons Learned From 30 Years of Experience With Renewable Energy Technologies at

Fort Huachuca, Arizona

William J. Stein, Roch A. Ducey, and Bruce R. Johnson

ES2010-90510 639

Experimental Studies on a Dl Diesel Engine Using Tire Pyrolysis Oil Diethyl Ether Blends

S. Murugan and G. Nagarajan

LOW/ZERO EMISSION POWER PLANTS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION

ES2010-90146 651

Technical and Economic Analysis of a Waste-to-Energy Plant for Austin, Texas Under a

Range of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Prices

Aaron K. Townsend and Michael E. Webber

ES2010-90147 663

Utilizing Solar Thermal Energy for Post-Combustion CO2 CaptureStuart M. Cohen, Michael E. Webber, and Gary T. Rochelle

ES2010-90148 673

Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Storage in Iranian Electricity GenerationFarshid Zabihian and Alan S. Fung

ES2010-90156 681

Analysis of Flexible C02 Capture Over an Investment Life Using a DynamicElectric Grid Model

John R. Fyffe, Stuart M. Cohen, Michael E. Webber, and Gary T. Rochelle

ES2010-90186 691Thermo-Economic Analysis of Microalgae Co-Firing Process for Fossil Fuel-Fired

Power Plants

Jian Ma and Oliver Hemmers

ES2010-90199 701An Advanced Power-Generation System With C02 Recovery Integrating Dimethyl Ether

(DME) Fueled Chemical-Looping CombustionTao Han, Hui Hong, Hongguang Jin, and Chuanqiang Zhang

ES2010-90237 711

Practical Considerations for Low-Emission Thermal Power PlantsDavid S. Galpin and Theodore S. Galpin

TRANSPORTATION ENERGY SYSTEMSES2010-90027 723

Leveraging Refinery Dominance in Transportation Fuel Supply to Encourage Adoption ofClimate Change: Mitigating Transportation Technologies in California

Emily A. Grubert

ES2010-90058 735A Compact External Combustion Engine With High Part-Load Efficiency

Robert Bourque

xv

ES2010-90291 747

Simulation by Means Computational Fluids Dynamics of the Mixing Process Air-Natural

Gas in a Turbocharger Diesel EngineFabioA. Bermejo and L. A. Corrector

ES2010-90294 761

Integrating Renewable Energy Technologies to Reduce Large Ship Fuel Consumption

Benjamin H. Gully, Michael E. Webber, Carolyn C. Seepersad, and Richard C. Thompson

ES2010-90362 775

Toward Efficient Reduction of C02 to CO for Renewable Fuels

F. David Doty, Glenn N. Doty, John P. Staab, and Laura L. Holte

ES2010-90363 785

Reducing Energy Consumption of Ground Vehicles by Active Flow Control

Miles Bellman, Ramesh Agarwal, Jonathan Naber, and Lee Chusak

ES2010-90366 795

Sustainable Transportation Fuels From Off-Peak Wind Energy, C02, and Water

Laura L. Holte, Glenn N. Doty, David L. McCree, Judy M. Doty, and F. David Doty

ES2010-90411 803

Design and Assembly of an Extended Range Electric Vehicle as a University Capstone Project

Vincent J. Sabatini, Ryle Maxson, William Haupfear, Sean Carter, Darris White, and

J. E, McKisson

ES2010-90492 811

Impact of Different Charging Strategies of Electric Vehicles on the German Grid

Niklas Hartmann and E. Doruk Ozdemir

MICRO AND NANO TECHNOLOGIES IN ENERGY SYSTEMS

ES2010-90022 819

Tuning the Extinction Coefficient for Direct Absorption Solar Thermal Collector OptimizationTodd P. Otanicar, Patrick E. Phelan, Robert A. Taylor, and Himanshu Tyagi

ES2010-90055 825

Applicability of Nanofluids in Concentrated Solar Energy HarvestingRobert A. Taylor, Patrick E. Phelan, Todd P. Otanicar, Himanshu Tyagi, and

Steven Trimble

ES2010-90197 833

Waste Heat Use Through Microfabrication and Micro System DevelopmentH. Hemphill, S. Maharajan, J. Fang, and L. Weiss

ES2010-90293 841

Enhanced Thermal Properties of PCM Based Nanofluid for Solar Thermal Energy StorageDonghyun Shin and Debjyoti Banerjee

EXERGY APPLICATIONS: SUSTAINABILITY, RENEWABLE ENERGY

ES2010-90082 847

Extending Lifecycle Exergy Analysis Beyond Resource ConsumptionAmip Shah and Kiara Corrigan

xvi

ES2010-90144 859

Second Law Analysis in a Steam Power Plant for Minimization of Avoidable ExergyDestruction

Japan K. Ray, Pankaj Ekbote, Ranjan Ganguly, and Amitava Gupta

ES2010-90162 869

Daily Exergy Assesment of LIBR-Water Absorption Chiller Used for Solar CoolingCenk Onan and Derya B. Ozkan

ES2010-90255 879

Exergetic Analysis of Solar-Powered Hybrid Energy Conversion and Storage Scenarios for

Stationary ApplicationsNico Hotz, Heng Pan, Costas P. Grigoropoulos, and Seung H. Ko

ES2010-90258 889

Energy and Exergy Assessments of a New Trigeneration System Based on Organic Rankine

Cycle and Biomass CombustorFahadA. Al-Sulaiman, Feridun Hamdullahpur, and Ibrahim Dincer

ES2010-90395 899Resource Accounting and Waste Impact: Limitations of Exergy as a Sustainability Tool

Kyrke Gaudreau, Roydon A. Fraser, and Stephen Murphy

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, OCEAN ENERGY AND OTHER

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

ES2010-90048 909

A New Oscillating-Foil Power Generator for Sailingship-Based Renewable EnergyGeneration

Max F. Platzer and Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn

ES2010-90069 917Towards a Definition and Metric for the Survivability of Ocean Wave Energy ConvertersAdam Brown, Robert Paasch, Irem Y. Turner, Pukha Lenee-Bluhm, Justin Hovland,

Annette von Jouanne, and Ted Brekken

ES2010-90394 929

Modeling of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Plant in Reunion IslandFrantz Sinama, Franck Lucas, and Frangois Garde

THERMOECONOMIC ANALYSIS

ES2010-90143 937

Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emission Reductions From Energy Efficiency Upgrades in

Consideration of Climate Change and Renewable Energy Policy Initiatives Using eQUEST

Anthony Sclafani

ES2010-90145 945

Exergy Analysis of an Integrated Gas Turbine Thermoacoustic EngineKaveh Ghorbanian and Mohsen Karimi

xvii

ES2010-90279 953

Thermoeconomic Study of a Small Parabolic Trough Solar Plant

M. D. Duran, E. A. Rincon, and M. Sanchez

ES2010-90408 959

Probabilistic Energy ROI Models: Carbon, Energy, and Dollars

Davion M. Hill

ES2010-90414 969

Defining a Standard Measure for Whole System EROI Combining Economic "Top-Down"

and LCA "Bottom-Up" Accounting

Carey W. King, Jay Zarnikau, and Phil Henshaw

LOW/ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS

ES2010-90035 979

Experimental Investigation of a Bio-Based Phase Change Material to Improve Building

Energy Performance

Karthik Muruganantham, Patrick Phelan, Peter Horwath, David Ludlam, and

Timothy McDonald

ES2010-90036 985

Passive House Design Guidelines for Residential Buildings in El Salvador

Luis Aaron Martinez

ES2010-90075 993

Achieving Climate-Positive, Energy-Positive Homes: 60 Years of Northeast Climate HousingDavid Borton, Carl McDaniel, and Howard Stoner

ES2010-90141 999

Towards Optimizing Building Energy Use to Reduce Electric System Carbon Emissions

Erik M. Greensfelder, Gregor P. Henze, and Vincent J. Cushing

ES2010-90225 1009

Main Street Net-Zero Energy Buildings: The Zero Energy Method in Concept and Practice

Paul Torcellini, Shanti Pless, Chad Lobato, and Tom Hootman

ES2010-90266 1019

Characterizing the Response of Commercial and Industrial Facilities to Dynamic Pricing

Signals From the UtilityJohanna L. Mathieu, Ashok J. Gadgil, Duncan S. Callaway, Phillip N. Price, and

Sila Kiliccote

ES2010-90335 1029

Systems Integration for Cost Effective Carbon Neutral Buildings: A Masdar HeadquartersCase Study

Jeffrey L. Boyer, Mehdi Jalayerian, Andrew Silverstein, and Mohamad T. Araji

ES2010-90355 1041

Evaluation of Ground Source Heat Pump Energy, Demand, and Greenhouse Potential in

Colorado Residential BuildingsDaniel Studer and Moncef Krarti

xviii

ES2010-90370 1047

Reducing Energy Demand in Commercial Buildings: Balancing Convection and Radiant CoolingLee Chusak, Andrew Harris, and Ramesh Agarwal

ES2010-90387 1055Construction and Implementation of the Off-Grid Zero Emissions Building

Justin Kramer, Brenton Greska, and Anjaneyulu Krothapalli

ES2010-90504 1063

Experimental Study for the Energy Efficiency of Hot-Wall KangZongshan Wang, Lin Duanmu, Junliang Zhu, and Yang Zhao

Author Index 1073

xix