proceeding stof 1 unnes international conference on...
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Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
ii
conf.unnes.ac.id/index.php/uicric
1st UNNES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Research Inovation dan Commercialitation
for Better Life 2015
Ramayana Ball Room, Patra Jasa Hotel Semarang November 27-28th, 2015
UICRIC © 2015 Research and Community Service InstituteSemarang State University (LP2M UNNES)
ISSN Print 2460-5832, ISSN Online 2460-5492 http://conf.unnes.ac.id/index.php/uicric/uicric2015
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
iii
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FOREWORD
First, we would like to express our gratitude to Allah Almighty for His blesings so that this proceeding of the
―1ST
UNNES International conference on research and commercialization for better life 2015‖ can be published. These
proceedings consist of all papers presented at the conference on 27th-28th November 2015 at Patrajasa Hotel Semarang
Central Java Indonesia. The papers were internally reviewed by the qualified reviewers.
The theme of the conference was ‖ 1ST
UNNES International conference on research and commercialization
for better life 2015‖. It was expected that through this proceeding, we are able to disseminate the results of studies in the
field of research.
This event invited seven speakers who presented materials closely related to the theme, namely: ........... (by
Prof.Muhammad Nasir), .................. (by Prof. Fathur Rokhman), ............. (by Prof. Prof. Rahim MD.Sail), ...............
(by Joop Van De Flier), …………. (by Asst. Prof. Rotchanatach Darnsawasdi), …………… (Prof. Chow Yang lee) and
.................... (by Dr.Ayami Nakaya). We hope that this proceeding will be beneficial for the society in terms of
education, research, and community services.
Semarang, 26th
November 2015
Editorial Board
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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WELCOMING SPEECH FROM THE COMMITTEE CHAIR PERSON
In order to realize the vision of Semarang State University (UNNES) as the University of Conservation with an
international repute, Institute for Research and Community Services (LP2M) establish 1st UNNES International
Conference on Research Innovation and Commercialization (UICRIC) for the better life 2015. This event aims to
increase the number of research publications and improvement of academic atmosphere through improving the quality
of research works which we expect to occur downstream of research results to be a product that can be mass produced
in an attempt to increase the welfare of society in general. It also aims to increase the capacity of researchers in
generating better quality of research proposals in the future.
The scope of the research clusters that will be presented in this international seminar are: Education
Innovations, Science and Technology, Quality of Life and Resource Development, Conservation, and the Art, Culture
and Humanity.
Chairman of the Committee
Evi Widowati, S.KM., M.Kes.
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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REVIEW TEAM
Reviewers
1. Prof. Dr. Totok Sumaryanto F.,M.Pd.
2. Prof. Dr. Etty Soesilowati, M.Si.
3. Prof Dr. Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, M.Si.
4. Dr. Subiyanto, M.Si.
5. J. A. van der Flier
6. Prof. Rahim MD. Sail
7. Asst. Prof. Rotchanatch Darnsawasdi
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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Contents FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................................................... iii
WELCOMING SPEECH FROM THE COMMITTEE CHAIR PERSON........................................................................ iv
REVIEW TEAM ................................................................................................................................................................ v
LIST OF PAPER ............................................................................................................................................................... xi
Research and Universities‘ Responsibility to Shape a Better and Sustainable World .................................................... 1
Fathur Rokhman ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
Quality of life and resource development (health and sustainability issues), an overview of the current situation in the
Netherlands .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
J. A. van der Flier .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
River Management based on Local Wisdom: Flood Preparedness in Hatyai, Thailand and Semarang, Indonesia ...... 15
Rotchanatch Darnsawasdi1, Subagyo
2, Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati
1, , Satya Budi Nugraha2, Fidia Fibriana
3 ........... 15
Making Technical, Vocational Education and Training a Premier Choice among Communities with Integration of
Social Skills and Social Values in Technical Subjects ................................................................................................. 22
Rahim M. Sail ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
The Strategies of Tofu and Farmanted Soybean Cake Cooperation in Facing China-Asean Free Trade ..................... 28
Abdullah Ahmed 1, Mohaned Rabee
2, Rusdarti
2 ......................................................................................................... 28
Community-based Ecotourism Model to Improve Welfare Study: Rural Blumah Sub District Plantungan District
Kendal .......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Apik Budi Santoso, Ananto Aji ................................................................................................................................... 35
Spatial overview of bush and swamp contribution to filariasis evidence in filariasis endemic area ............................ 39
Arum Siwiendrayanti1, Eram Tunggul Pawenang
2, Sofwan Indarjo
3 .......................................................................... 39
Rising Farm Labour Wages in India: Trends, Causes and Impact ............................................................................... 43
B. Suresh Lal1, M. Ravindar
2, A. Venkata Ramana
2 ................................................................................................... 43
The Needs Analysis of Vocational High School (VHS) In Banjarmasin Based on Local Resources Potential ........... 53
Dwi Atmono1, Muhammad Rahmattullah
2 .................................................................................................................. 53
Empowerment Street Children Through Atenho in Semarang City ............................................................................. 62
Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo1, Lia Inarotut Darojah
2, Aziz Amrullah
3 Nuni Widiarti
4 .............................................. 62
Strategic Policies for Increasing the Competitive Powers of Indonesian Horticultural Products in Asean Markets .... 64
Etty Soesilowati1, Sucihatiningsih DWP
2 ................................................................................................................... 64
Identification of Social Potential in Lok Baintan‘s Floating Market Area ................................................................... 76
Fatimah1, Muhammad Rahmattullah
2, Ellyn Normelani
3, Taufik Hidayat
4 ................................................................ 76
Analysis of Distribution of Local Education and Government Policy Study of Regency Level in Central Java
Province ........................................................................................................................................................................ 81
Firmansyah1, Shanty Oktavilia
2 ................................................................................................................................... 81
Good Governance in Malang Tourism to Improve People‘s Prosperity....................................................................... 89
Ika Nurhayani1, Hipolitus Kewuel
2, Diah Ayu Wulan
3, Ria Yuliati
4 ......................................................................... 89
The Strategy of Development Ecotourism in Conservation Areas in Central Kalimantan Province ........................... 93
Irawan .......................................................................................................................................................................... 93
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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The Influence of Pornographic Media Towards Adolescents Sexual Behavior at Public Senior High School in
Bengkulu City ............................................................................................................................................................ 104
Ismiati, Eliana, Mariati .............................................................................................................................................. 104
Rapid Appraisal for Agricultural Land Utilization (RApALU) ................................................................................. 110
Juhadi ........................................................................................................................................................................ 110
Analysis of Determinant Regional Expenditure Allocation In The Autonomy Era In Sumatra ................................. 119
Komsi Koranti1, Mella Sri Kencanawati
2, Elia Dewi Sagita
3 .................................................................................... 119
Religiosity Develop Model Employee As Environmental Control Based Islamic Paradigm ..................................... 124
Kusumantoro1, Ahmad Nurkhin
1, Hasan Mukhibad
2 ................................................................................................ 124
Strategic Policies for Increasing The Competitive Power of Malaysian Fruits .......................................................... 129
Lailawati Mohd Salleh .............................................................................................................................................. 129
Climate Change Impact on the Livelihood of Semarang Coastal Community ........................................................... 137
Nana Kariada Tri Martuti*1)
, Dhita Prasisca Mutiatari1)
, Roni Wijayanto2)
.............................................................. 137
On Community Academy at Tanah Bumbu Regency ................................................................................................ 142
Muhammad Rahmattullah1, Nana Noviana
2, Reza
3................................................................................................... 142
Medicinal Plants in Semarang State University ......................................................................................................... 149
Nugrahaningsih1, ....................................................................................................................................................... 149
Generation of Conservation Based on Green Socioentrepreneurship Education In Order To Achieve Demographic
Dividend as Sustainable Solutions of The Independent Indonesia ............................................................................. 151
Nuriyanti, Imada Cahya Septyaningsih ..................................................................................................................... 151
Strategies for Increasing The Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry in Semarang Regency, Central Java
Province to Face Asean Economic Community ......................................................................................................... 155
Shanty Oktavilia2,
Fafurida1, ...................................................................................................................................... 155
Determinants and Impact of Performance to Achieve a Sustainable Competitive Advantage on SMEs Industrial
Crafts Goods and Arts in Indonesia ........................................................................................................................... 161
Sri Wulan Windu Ratih ............................................................................................................................................. 161
Ecopreneurship Mini Market as the First Step in Creating International Inorganic Waste Management Centre Based
on Entrepreneurship in Indonesia ............................................................................................................................... 171
Tubagus Fahmi1, Sandy Arief
2 .................................................................................................................................. 171
Community based education to improve quality of life: Case study of Muatan Lokal in Indonesia .......................... 178
Ayami Nakaya ........................................................................................................................................................... 178
Serotonine as Biomarker of Lead Contamination in Brass Craftsmen ....................................................................... 181
Aditya Marianti1, A. Anies
2, Henna Rya Sunoko Abdurachim
3 ................................................................................ 181
The Test of the Lethal Effect of Lansium Leaf Extract (Lansium domesticum Correa) as the Electric Liquid Vaporizer
Insecticide Against Aedes aegypti .............................................................................................................................. 185
Arifah Budi Nuryani1, Widya Hary Cahyati
2 ............................................................................................................ 185
Behavior Model of Entrepreneurship on Woman Entrepreneur based on Entrepreneurship Intentions and the Level of
Internet Adoption on SMEs in West Java .................................................................................................................. 189
Bambang Gunawan H.1, Prihantoro
2, Sri Wulan Windu Ratih
3 ................................................................................ 189
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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Opportunity of Free Open Source ERP System as a Competitive Advantage for Small and Medium Enterprise ..... 195
Dionisya Kowanda1, Muhammad Firdaus
2, Rowland Bismark Fernando Pasaribu
3 ................................................. 195
Reconceiving franchise business formations paradigms for better business competitiveness.................................... 207
Dorojatun Prihandono ............................................................................................................................................... 207
Biological Control of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with Entomopatogen Nematodes ............. 212
Dyah Rini Indriyanti 1, Priyantini Widiyaningrum
1, Lita Dafosa
1, Haryuni
2 ......................................................... 212
Design of Evacuation Maps as A Disaster Preparedness in Trangkil Semarang City ................................................ 215
Evi Widowati............................................................................................................................................................. 215
Personal Values Effect on Intention and Usage Behavior of E-Procurement in Government Institution .................. 220
Hery Suliantoro ......................................................................................................................................................... 220
Proposing A Study on Global Water Sustainability Reporting .................................................................................. 229
Indah Fajarini Sri Wahyuningrum ............................................................................................................................. 229
Optimization Extraction Process of Winged Bean (Psophocarus tetragonolobus L.) Protein Using Respond Surface
Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................. 231
Indah Riwayati 1*
, Helmy Purwanto 2, Suwardiyono
4 .............................................................................................. 231
Comparative Study Relation of CPO Rendemen to FFB Production Risk In the Plantation Company with Different
Performance ............................................................................................................................................................... 235
Lili Dahliani .............................................................................................................................................................. 235
Optimization of Hydrolysis for Production The Substance of Color Indigo by Enzyme Cellulase Using Response
Surface Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 238
Prima Astuti Handayani1, Megawati
2, Wara Dyah Pita Rengga
3 .............................................................................. 238
Exploration bacteria trash of Rawasari and Bantar Gebang Indonesia as a superior candidat of compost bacterial
agent ........................................................................................................................................................................... 241
Rini Puspitaningrum1, Mohamad Irfan
1, Mohamad Isnin Noer
1, Gilang Ainan
1, Ria Amelia
1, Gladies Neolaka
1,
Shuhei Yabe2, Yasuteru Sakai
2, Masaru Hazaka
2, Dalia Sukmawati
1, Muzajjanah
1, Yokota Akira
2....................... 241
The Effects of Isoflavone on Antioxidant Status in The Serum of Rats DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer and Treated
With Tempe ................................................................................................................................................................ 246
Siti Harnina Bintari1, Tuti Widianti
1, Kartika Nugraheni
2 ........................................................................................ 246
Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract from Mahogany Seeds (Swietenia macrophylla, King) ....................... 249
Sri Mursiti*, Supartono ............................................................................................................................................. 249
Photocatalytic Activity and Antimicrobial Properties of TiO2-SiO2-PVA Composite ............................................... 252
Sri Wahyuni1,a)
, Agung Tri Prasetya2, b)
..................................................................................................................... 252
The Potency Of Household Contacts As Peer Support To Decrease The Number Of Tuberculosis Prevalence ....... 257
Suharyo1, Kismi Mubarokah
2 .................................................................................................................................... 257
Ground Acceleration in Yogyakarta Based on Earthquake Data ............................................................................... 260
Supriyadi1, Khumaedi
2, Agus Susilo
3........................................................................................................................ 260
Typology of Coastal Areas and Effect on Mangrove Vegetation Distribution in The Zone Sediment Cell Between
River yo River Comal- Bodri Central Java ................................................................................................................ 264
Tjaturahono Budi Sanjoto ......................................................................................................................................... 264
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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Residual Pesticide Study on Shallot Cultivation ........................................................................................................ 270
Ubad Badrudin1)
, Bambang Suryotomo 1)
Budi Prakoso 2)
........................................................................................ 270
The Power of Online Consumer Community: an Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) Perspectives ..................... 273
Yusye Milawaty ........................................................................................................................................................ 273
Facial Expression Recognition by Using Wavelet Based Approach .......................................................................... 277
Zaenal Abidin1, Alamsyah
2 ....................................................................................................................................... 277
Factor Analysis of Student Motivation to Learn ........................................................................................................ 281
Sri Hermawati1, Miftahul Jannah
2 ............................................................................................................................. 281
Model Women Empowerment through the Role and Potential of Women Cadres in Political Parties and the Effect on
Economic of Women .................................................................................................................................................. 286
Ary Natalina1, Syntha Noviyana
2, Winda Widya Ariestya
3 ...................................................................................... 286
Art, Culture and Humanity ......................................................................................................................................... 290
Suyahmo .................................................................................................................................................................... 290
Ornaments in Mantingan Mosque and Tomb: Analysis of Form, Function, and Symbolic Meaning ........................ 296
Muh Fakhrihun Na'am ............................................................................................................................................... 296
Determinants of Upper Secondary School Dropout in Central Java Province, Indonesia: A Gender-differentiated
Approach .................................................................................................................................................................... 303
Andryan Setyadharma1, Hans-Jürgen Engelbrecht
2, Hatice O. Balli
3 ....................................................................... 303
The Development of Visual Media-Based History Room with Semarang Local History Theme in History Learning
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 314
Andy Suryadi & Tsabit Azinar Ahmad ..................................................................................................................... 314
Student‘s Mental Health Problems Assessment and Teacher‘s Mental Health State at Primary School ................... 319
Anna Undarwati 1, Nuke Martiarini
2, Binta Mu‘tiya Rizki
3 .................................................................................... 319
The Development of Badminton Agility Test ............................................................................................................ 325
Donny Wira Yudha Kusuma1,2
, Hermawan Pamot Raharjo2..................................................................................... 325
Scientific Approach Based Worksheet For Physics Used to Develop Senior High School Students Characters ....... 336
Dwi Yulianti , Siti Khanafiyah, Pratiwi Dwijananti .................................................................................................. 336
The Importance of Researching Teachers‘ Social Emotional Competencies in an Indonesian Context .................... 343
Edilburga W. Saptandari1, Shane T. Harvey
1, Alison Sewell
2, David T. Bimler
3 ..................................................... 343
Sport in Education System: a comparative study ....................................................................................................... 347
Johansyah Lubis1, Eva Julianti
2 ................................................................................................................................. 347
Pitching Biomechanics and Injury Prevention to Improving Performance for Young Baseball Pitchers – A review 356
Fajar Awang Irawan1, Chuang Long-Ren
2 ................................................................................................................ 356
Habitus, Space Influence, The Activity and Social Construction of Teacher to The MGMP .................................... 360
Hamdan Tri Atmaja ................................................................................................................................................... 360
The Production Process of Manipulative for Commercial Purpose to Support the Success of Implementation of the
School Mathematics Curriculum in Indonesia ........................................................................................................... 364
Isti Hidayah1)
, Sugiarto2)
, Dwijanto3)
, and Margunani4)
............................................................................................ 364
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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Development of Entrepreneurship Education Management Model Based Local Excellence on Vocational High
School ......................................................................................................................................................................... 369
Joko Widodo1, Samsudi
2, Trisnani Widowati
3 .......................................................................................................... 369
The Importance of Financial Education for Vocational School Students in Indonesia .............................................. 374
Kardoyo1, Widiyanto
2, Partono Thomas
3, Khasan Setiaji
4 ........................................................................................ 374
Learning Dance Through Appreciation and Creation Approach In Public Schools ................................................... 379
Malarsih ..................................................................................................................................................................... 379
Character Hermitage: The Development Model of Character Reinforcement Management Locus ........................... 383
Maman Rachman, Aris Munandar, Andi Hardiyanto ................................................................................................ 383
Multy Teaching Method On History Lesson .............................................................................................................. 387
R. Soelistijanto .......................................................................................................................................................... 387
The Contrastive Verb of Paser Language ................................................................................................................... 390
Rika Istianingrum1, Khizwar Muthmainah
2 .............................................................................................................. 390
Students‘ Achievement On Entrepreneur Subject Matter At Fashion Technology Study Program By Applying
Project-Based Learning .............................................................................................................................................. 397
Sicilia Sawitri1, Ade Novi Nurul Ichsani
2, Siti Nurrohmah
3 ..................................................................................... 397
Forming Arabic Linguistics Terms (Analysis of Morphology and Syntax) ............................................................... 404
Singgih Kuswardono Ph.D candidate from Institute of Arab Reseach & Studies Cairo Egypt ................................. 404
Prevention and Control of Academic Plagiarism Based on Information Technology ................................................ 408
Siti As‘adah Hijriwati1, Achmad Soeharto
2, Dwi Edi Wibowo
3 ............................................................................... 408
Mung Bean Biscuits For Early Childhood ................................................................................................................. 411
Siti Fathonah1, Fahriza Arifianty Muvida
2 ............................................................................................................... 411
Development of Chemsitry Teacher Professionalism Through Pedagogical Content Knowledge Training .............. 415
Sri Haryani1, Sri Wardani
2, Agung Tri Prasetya
3 ...................................................................................................... 415
The Self Concept in Children with Asthma to Participation in Physical Activity ...................................................... 421
Sri Sumartiningsih12
.................................................................................................................................................. 421
Development of Industry Practice Model in Vocational High School Based Entrepreneurship ............................... 423
Sunyoto1, Muhammad Khumaedi
2 ............................................................................................................................ 423
Effect of Use Learning Resources and Learning Motivation for Learning Outcomes Science Subject on Open Junior
High School ................................................................................................................................................................ 426
Susetyo Widiasmoro1, Trisnani Widowati
2, Dwi Purwanti
3 ...................................................................................... 426
Forms, Development and The Application of Music Media in The Kindergartens: A Comparative Study of Two
Kindergartens in Semarang ........................................................................................................................................ 430
Totok Sumaryanto F & Udi Utomo ........................................................................................................................... 430
Creativity of Students in Creating Ornaments/Accessories Hair with Waste Material .............................................. 434
Trisnani Widowati1, Endang Setyaningsih
2, Musdalifah
3 ......................................................................................... 434
Song as A Means to Convey Educational Messages for Preschool Students ............................................................. 439
Wadiyo ...................................................................................................................................................................... 439
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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LIST OF PAPER Volume
1 QUALITY OF LIFE AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
No Name Paper Title
1 Joop A. Van der
Flier
Quality of Life and Resource Development (Health and Sustainability Issues), an
Overview of the Current Situation in the Netherlands
2 Rotchanatch
Darnsawasdi
River Management based on Local Wisdom: Flood Preparedness in Hatyai, Thailand
and Semarang, Indonesia
3 Abdullah Ahmed The Strategies of Tofu and Farmanted Soybean Cake Cooperation in Facing China-
Asean Free Trade
4 Apik Budi Santoso Community-based Ecotourism Model to Improve Welfare Study: Rural Blumah Sub
District Plantungan District Kendal
5 Arum
Siwiendrayanti
Spacial Overview of Bush and Swamp Contribution to Filariasis Evidence in Filariasis
Endemic Area
6 B Suresh Lal Rising Farm Labour Wages in India: Trends, Causes and Impact
7 Dwi Atmono The Needs Analysis of Vocational High School (VHS) in banjarmasin Based on Local
Resources Potential
8 Emas Agus Prastyo
Wibowo
EMPOWERMENT STREET CHILDREN THROUGH ATENHO IN SEMARANG
CITY
9 Etty Soesilowati THE COMPETITIVE POWERS OF INDONESIAN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS
IN ASEAN MARKETS
10 Fatimah Identification of Social Potencies in Lok Baintan's Floating Market Area
11 Firmansyah Analysis of Distribution of Local Education and Goverment Policy: Study of Regency
Level in Central Java Province
12 Ika Nurhayani Good Governance in Malang Tourism to Improve People's Prosperity
13 Irawan The Strategy of Development Ecotourism in Conservation Areas in Central Kalimantan
Province
14 Ismiati The Influence of Pornographic Media Towards Adolescents Sexual Behavior at Public
Senior High School in Bengkulu City
15 Juhadi RAPID APPRAISAL FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND UTILIZATION (RApALU)
16 Komsi Koranti Analisis Determinan Alokasi Belanja Daerah Dalam Era Otonomi Pada Kabupaten /
Kota di Sumatera
17 Kusumantoro Religiosity Develop Model Employee as Environmental Control Based Islamic
Paradigm
18 Lailawati Mohd
Salleh Strategic Policies for Increasing the Competitive Power of Malaysian Fruits
19 Nana Kariada Tri
Martuti Climate Change Impact on the LIvelihood of Semarang Coastal Community
20 Nana Noviana Study of the Establishment Planning on Community Academy at Tanah Bumbu
Regency
21 Nugrahaningsih WH MEDICINAL PLANT IN SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY
22 Nuriyanti
GENERATION OF CONSERVATION BASED ON GREEN
SOCIOENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN ORDER TO DEMOGRAPHIC
DIVIDEND AS SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION INDEPENDENT INDONESIA
23 Shanty Oktavilia Strategies for Increasing The Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry in Semarang
Regency, Central Java Province to Face Asean Economic Community
24 Sri Wulan Windu
Ratih
Determinant of Performance and Its Impact Through Meditation Sustainable
Competitive Advantage on SMEs Batik and Handicraft
25 Tubagus Fahmi Ecopreneurship Mini Market as the First Step in Creating International Inorganic Waste
Management Centre Based on Entrepreneurship in Indonesia
26 Ayami Nakaya Community based education to improve quality of life: Case study of Muatan Lokal in
Indonesia
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
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Volume
2
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ART, CULTURE, AND HUMANITY
No Name Paper Title
1 Aditya Marianti Serotonine as Biomarker of Lead Contamination in Brass Craftsmen
2 Arifah Budi Nuryani KILLING POWER OF ELECTRIC LIQUID ANTI MOSQUITO OF LANSIUM LEAF
EXTRACT (Lansium doemesticum Correa) On Aedes aegypti
3 Bambang Gunawan
H
Behavior Model of Entrepreneurship on Woman Entrepreneur based on
Entrepreneurship Intentions and the Level of Intenet Adoption on SMEs's in West Java
4 Dionysia Kowanda Opportunity of Free Open Source ERP System As a Competitive Advantage for Small
and Medium Enterprise
5 Dorojatun
Prihandono
Reconceiving Franchise Business Formations Paradigms for Better Business
Competitiveness
6 Dyah Rini Indriyanti Biological Control of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with
Entomopatogen Nematodes
7 Evi Widowati Design of Evacuation Maps as a Disaster Preparedness in Trangkil Semarang City
8 Hery Suliantoro Personal Values Effect on Intention and Usage Behavior of E-procurement in
Goverment Institution
9 Indah Fajarini Sri
Wahyuningrum Proposing a Study on Global Water Sustainability Reporting
10 Indah Riwayati Optimization Extraction Process of Winged Bean Protein Using Respond Surface
Methodology
11 Lili Dahliani Comparative Study Relation of CPO Rendemen to FFB Production Risk in the
Plantation Company with Different Performance
12 Prima Astuti
Handayani
Optimization of Hydrolysis for Production The Substance of Color Indigo by Enzyme
Cellulase Using Response Surface Methodology
13 Rini Puspitaningrum Exploration Bacterial Trash of Rawasari and Bantar Gebang from Indonesia as a
Superior Candidat of Compost Bacterial Agent
14 Siti Harnina Bintari The Effects of Isoflavone on Antioxidant Status in the Serum of Rats DMBA-Induced
Breast Cancer and Treated With Tempe
15 Sri Mursiti Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract from Mahogany Seeds (Swietenia
macrophylla, King)
16 Sri Wahyuni Silica-titania nanocomposite as anti-microbial agent
17 Suharyo The Potency of Houshold Contacts as Peer Support to Decrease The Number of
Tuberculosis Prevalance
18 Supriyadi GROUND ACCELERATION IN YOGYAKARTA BASED ON EARTHQUAKE
DATA
19 Tjaturahono Budi
Sanjoto
Typology of Coastal Areas and Effect on Mangrove Vegetation Distribution in The
Zone Sediment Cell Between River to River Comal - Bodri Central Java
20 Ubad Badrudin Residual Peticide Study on Shallot Cultivation (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Brebes
District
21 Yusye Milawaty The Power of Online Consumer Community : An Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
Perspectives
22 Zaenal Abidin Facial Expression Recognition by Using Wavelet Based Approach
23 Sri Hermawati Factor Analysis of Student Motivation
24 Syntha Noviyana Model Women Empowerment Through The Role And Potential of The Women Cadres
in Political Parties And The Effect On The Economic of Women
25 Suyahmo ART, CULTURE AND HUMANITY
26 Muh Fakhrihun
Na'am
Ornaments in Mantingan Mosque and Tomb: Analysis of Form, Function, and
Symbolic Meaning
Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015
ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
xiii
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Volume
3 EDUCATION INNOVATIONS
No Name Paper Title
1 Rahim M. Sail Making Technical, Vocational Education and Training a Premier Choice among
Communities with Integration of Social Skills and Social Values in Technical Subjects
2 Andryan
Setyadharma
Determinates of Upper Secondary School Dropout in Central Java Province, Indonesia:
A Gender-differentiated Approach
3 Andy Suryadi Development of History Room Based Visual Media and Themed Local History of
Semarangn in History Learning
4 Anna Undarwati STUDENT‘S MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSESSMENT AND TEACHER'S
MENTAL HEALTH STATE AT PRIMARY SCHOOL
5 Donny Wira Y. K. The Development of Badminton Agility Test
6 Dwi Yulianti Scientific Approach Based Worksheet for Physics Used to Develop Senior High School
Students Characters
7 Edilburga W.
Saptandari
The Importance of Researching Teachers' Social Emotional Competencies in an
Indonesian Context
8 Eva Yulianti Sport in Education System : a Comparative Study
9 Fajar Awang Irawan Comprehensive Pitching Biomechanics and Injury Prevention for Young Baseball
Pitchers-A review
10 Hamdan Tri Atmaja Habitus, Space Influenced the Activity, and Social Construction of Teacher to the
MGMP (Subject Matter Teachers Meeting) history in central Java
11 Isti Hidayah The Production Process of Manipulative for Commercial Purpose to Support the
Success of Implementation of the School Mathematics Curriculum in Indonesia
12 Joko Widodo Development of Entrepreneurship Education Management Model Based Local
Excellence on Vocational High School
13 Kardoyo The Importance of Financial Education for Vocational Schools Students in indonesia
14 Malarsih Learning Dance Through Appreciation and Creation Approach in Public Schools
15 Maman Rachman Character Hermitage: The Development Model of Character Reinforcement
Management Locus
16 R Soelistjanto Multy Method Teaching on History Lesson
17 Rika Istianingrum Constrative of Paser Verbal Language with Indonesia Verbal Language
18 Sicilia Sawitri Student's Achievement on Entrepreneur Subject Matter at Fashion technology Study
Program by Applying Project-Based
19 Singgih Kuswardono Forming Arabic Linguistics Terms (Analysis of Morphology and Syntax)
20 Siti As'adah
Hijriwati
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM BASED ON
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
21 Siti Fathonah Mung Bean Biscuits for Early Childhood
22 Sri Haryani Development of Chemistry Teacher Professionalism Through Pedagogical Content
Knowledge Training
23 Sri Sumartiningsih The Self Concept in Children with Asthma to Participation in Physical Activity
24 Sunyoto Development of Industry Practice Model in Vocational High School Based
Entrepreneurship
25 Susetyo Widiasmoro Effect of the Use of Resources and Learning Motivation for Learning Outcomes IPA
Subject to SMP Terbuka
26 Totok Sumaryanto F Forms, Development and The Application of Music Media in The Kindergartens: A
Comparative Study of Two Kindergartens in Semarang
27 Trisnani Widowati CREATIVITY OF STUDENTS IN CREATING ORNAMENTS / ACCESSORIES
HAIR WITH WASTE MATERIAL
28 Wadiyo Song as a Means to Convey Educational Messages for Preschool Students
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Personal Values Effect on Intention and Usage Behavior of E-Procurement in Government
Institution Hery Suliantoro
Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Abstract—The main purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the influence of personal values on the adoption of e-Procurement in government institutions. The research design used is a survey research. The theoretical model is empirically tested with data collected from 130 work units involving 185 respondents from across the local government institutions in Central Java, Indonesia. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results show the influence of personal values on the adoption of e-Procurement in government institutions. The study results suggest that perceived behavioral control affects on usage behavior of e-Procurement, but self-efficacy more affects on intention toward e-Procurement. Other findings, past experience and social learning of personal do not affect the intention toward e-Procurement. This paper offers a model of development for the government adoption of e-Procurement in government institutions through a personal approach. Implementation of e-Procurement requires personal capability to adopt the technology. This paper is a study on the adoption of e-Procurement in the public sector that involves personal factors as the main determinants of technology in performing of adoption behavior. The study's findings provide insight the importance to involve the champion persons in government institution to diffuse the e-Procurement.
Keywords— e-Procurement, adoption, personal values
INTRODUCTION
E-Procurement is one of the major topics in the area of
e-Government. Procurement of goods and services
electronically (e-Procurement) is one of the mechanisms
to realize the values of good governance. E-Procurement
in the public sector is the adoption of the successful
implementation of e -procurement in the private sector or
business.
Popularity of internet use has significantly affected the
institution intention to apply e-Procurement. This
technology is considered necessary to be implemented in
the public sector in order to realize the values of good
governance, such as transparency, accountability, and
integrity in the procurement of goods and services
(Vaidya, 2006). Vulnerability discovered from the
previous system has led to the development of e-
Procurement in the government (Matthews, 2005).
According to the issue about public accountability of
conventional procurement process also becomes an
ethical issue. The procurement of goods and services is
the most significant activity of the government, not only
in terms of the amount of activity, but also the funds
allocated (Moon, 2005).
At first, the implementation of e-Procurement in the
public sector is expected to increase the efficiency of
public organizations such as the business sector. E-
Procurement in turn also expected to establish a national
internet-based market (Oliviera and Amorim, 2001). In
addition to efficiency, the application of e-Procurement in
the government also intended to increase the
effectiveness, transparency and fairness (equity) between
citizens in the provision of goods and services (Dooley
and Purchase, 2006; Majdalawich and Bateman, 2008).
Some studies reported the critical success factors of e-
Procurement adoption process and produce different
conclusions. The factors inhibiting the implementation of
e-Procurement in the public sector especially is a problem
employee skills in running an e-Procurement (MacManus,
2002). Other also note that performance management will
determine the success of the development of e-
Procurement (Reddick, 2004). In his research, Moon
(2005) argued that the greater the size of the organization
and the innovative culture of the organization will be
more active in the government to adopt a wide range of e-
Procurement.
Further, factor "human" by Vaidya et.al (2006)
assessed as the most prominent factors in successful
implementation of e-Procurement. Dooley and Purchase
(2006) expressed the strong positive effect of
participation and attention provider of goods/services to
the implementation of e-Procurement. Other different
conclusions stated by Walker and Harland (2008) that
type of organization, organizational readiness to initiate e-
Procurement, the procurement strategy, procurement
documentation and information technology influence the
adoption of e-Procurement.
To answer these differences, this study proposed a
personal value perspective as one of the main factors that
determine the adoption of e-Procurement in government
institutions
LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature has provided a number of studies to
examine the main determinants of technology adoption.
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) proposed by Fishbein
and Ajzen (1975) stated that individual behavior is driven
by the intention of the individual to such behavior.
Intention is determined by individual attitudes toward the
behavior and by subjective norms from the outside in the
form of social pressure. Ajzen (1985, 1991) proposed
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Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by adding the
construct of perceived behavioral control to eliminate the
limitations of the TRA in dealing with behavior in which
a person cannot fully able to control their desires. Hall
(1979) in the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM)
states that the integration of innovation is influenced by
how much individual attention to innovation. One of the
assumptions of this model that is the innovation is a
process that requires growth and development (Hord,
Rutherford, Huling-Austin, & Hall, 1987). The basic
components of this model are the individual
characteristics and the characteristics of the innovation.
Based on the TRA, Davis (1989) proposes
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). According to this
model, the use of technology is influenced by the
individual's intentions toward technology. This intention
is determined by how the individuals attitude (positive or
negative feelings) for these technologies. This attitude is
dependent on the individual's perception of ease
(perceived ease of uses) and usability (perceived
usefulness). Other studies that use the TRA / TPB are
included using the software Lotus 123 at the University
(Mathieson, 1991); word processing software business
graphics program (Davis, 1992), the use of technology in
the University Computer Center (Taylor and Todd, 1995);
interactive online help desk system (Venkantesh, 2000a);
proprietary system, windows based system, customer
account management system, financial system
(Venkantesh, 2000b), the world wide web and the internet
(Moon and Kim, 2001); touch screen ordering system
(Dabholkar & Bagozzi, 2002).
Referring to the CBAM, IDT, TAM and UTAUT
about technology adoption, Straub (2009) draws the
general conclusion that the adoption of technology is a
complex process, socially embedded, influenced by the
perception of the uniqueness of the individual and
involves the cognitive, emotional and contextual. Some
research on the adoption of e-Procurement is still partially
involves several aspects that influence technology
adoption.
Based on these theories, models and research about
technology adoption and e-Procurement, the focus of this
study is to prove that in the government institutions, the
personal aspect has influence on individual decision to
adopt e-Procurement.
RESEARCH MODEL
Intention towards e-Procurement
Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) stated that the intention is a
closest cognitive antesenden to the actual behavior.
Several studies showed the relationship between intention
and behavior is highly correlated (Armitage & Conner,
2001; Notani, 1998; Shepherd, Hartwick & Warshawa,
1988). Research conducted by Davis et al., (1989), Taylor
and Todd (1995); Venkatesh and Davis (2000) also
showed that this intention is a good predictor of the use of
technology. Several other studies also used the intention
in predicting the behavior of the use of technologies such
as intention to use (Mathieson, 1991), behavioral
intention (Taylor and Todd, 1995) and behavioral
intention to use (Zolait, AH and Mattila, M., 2009). Thus
the following hypothesis:
H1: Intention towards e-Procurement has a positive effect
on the usage behavior of e-Procurement
Social Learning
Each individual is able to learn not only from their
own experience but also from the experience of their
surroundings (Bandura, 1986). The ability of humans to
learn what happened to someone else to be one of the
basic concepts of social cognitive theory.
In connection with the adoption and diffusion, social
learning has two important roles. First, through modeling,
experiences of others who succeed or not succeed in using
the technology will affect other parties. Secondly, a few
years earlier, modeling conceptualized as a real
phenomenon but technological developments lately and
access to a broad mass media, resulted in that learning
from other people's experiences also occur in the form of
symbols of nature (Bandura, 2001). Social learning does
not just affect the decision whether or not to adopt the
technology, but the widespread use of the internet,
television and radio and even cell phone use has expanded
the area of the possibility.
Rogers (1995) stated the information channel is an
important factor supporting the diffusion of innovation.
Information on the innovations delivered from an
individual to another individual through direct or indirect
communication (group and the mass media). The process
of diffusion of innovation will take place if there are any
support from the social system in the form of a working
environment, group of organizations, informal groups or
subsystems other group. Based on the literature review
then the hypothesis is as follows:
H2: Social learning has a positive effect on intention
toward e-Procurement
Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy is a self confidence in the ability of
organizing and carrying out a series of actions required to
produce a particular achievement (Bandura, 1997). Self-
efficacy is always thinking ahead to the decisions based
on personal ability. In the context of the adoption of
technology, Burkhardt (1994) stated that self-efficacy is
an individual beliefs about the ability to use certain
technologies. Burkhardt (1994) suggested a link between
the frequency of computer use with self-efficacy.
Several other researchers also stated the importance of
self-efficacy as predictors to explain the use of the system
that need to be involved in research on technology
adoption (Agarwal et al., 2000). Compeau, Higgins and
Huff (1995) stated that self-efficacy is an individual
assessment on its ability to use technology in a variety of
specific situations. Thus, individual with levels of high
self-efficacy has a more positive view of the technology
and use it with a higher frequency (Compeau et al., 1999;
Venkatesh and Davis, 1996).
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Several other studies have also found evidence of the
relationship between self-efficacy with the adoption of
high-tech products (Hill, Smith and Mann, 1986), the use
of register-based computers at the university and study
computer languages (Hill et. al, 1987) and the adoption of
technological innovation (Burkhardt and Brass, 1990). All
the results of the study suggested that further research to
fully explore the role of self-efficacy in computer
technology adoption behavior.
The next hypothesis as follows:
H3: Self-efficacy has a positive effect on intention
toward e-Procurement
Internal Locus of Control
Locus of control is the belief of individuals to control
whether or not capable of self-determination which is an
individual's control over their work and their confidence
in the success of the self (Rotter, 1966). Someone has a
tendency to both internal and external locus of control.
Individuals with an internal locus of control more
powerful, believe that they are responsible for the
achievement of his life and has a high degree of control
over the success of his life. Conversely, someone with an
external locus of control believes that higher surrounding
circumstances beyond their control and the results
achieved are not the result of ability and work.
The individual is said to have an internal locus of
control if it has confidence that fate or event in his life
was under control of himself (Robbins and Judge, 2007);
Kreitner & Kinichi, (2005); Slavin (1986). Individuals
with an internal locus of control were identified more
rested their hopes on themselves and also prefers the
identified skills rather than just a favorable situation.
Internals are individuals who believe that they are in
control over anything else that happens to them. Externals
are individuals who believe that whatever happens to
them is controlled by outside forces such as luck and
opportunity.
In the context of the adoption of technology, internal
locus of control characterizes someone who has the
confidence that they are responsible for the behavior of
their work in the organization. This study offers
orientation control of the products in the form of internal
locus of control as factors that affect the value of
individual initiative of the use of technology. Individuals
with self-control orientation internals have personal value
such as the belief that they should be responsible for the
conduct of their work in the organization. Awareness of
personal responsibility for the performance of these
initiatives encourages them to use certain ways better
through technology.
Based on the literature review then the hypothesis is
as follows:
H4: Internal locus of control has a positive effect on
intention toward e-Procurement
Past Experiences
Past experience is the determining factor of behavior
(Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). However, several studies on
the effect of past experiences on the intentions and
behavior of technology adoption do not give firm
conclusions about the direct influence of these factors on
the adoption and behavioral intentions. Most studies only
found evidence that the experience of acting as a
moderator variable.
Taylor and Todd (1995) stated that perceived
usefulness, attitude toward behavior and perceived
behavioral control over increasing influence on the
intention with increased experience. Karahanna et al.
(1999) used the theory of reasoned action stated that
increasing experience, the influence of attitude becomes
critical in shaping behavior, while subjective norm
becomes a factor that is not prominent in shaping
behavior when the higher experience.
Similar results were also delivered by Szajna (1996) to
prove empirically that the ease of use of the technology
becomes insignificant if the experience is increasing. In
line with the above results, Venkantesh (2000) proved
empirically that the experience proved to moderate the
relationship between subjective norms and intention,
subjective norm becomes significant with increasing
experience.
This study constructs filed past experience that draws
on the experience in the form of an introduction to the
technology level and the worse experience ever
experienced associated with the use of technology and the
implementation of tasks.
Based on the literature review then the hypothesis is as
follows :
H5: Past experience has a negative effect on intention
toward e-Procurement
Perceived Behavioral Control
Individual behavior is self-willingness and is not
influenced by the external environment (Sheppard,
Hartwick and Warshawa, 1988). Thus a person can
control their own behavior and consider the order of the
results of such behavior behind these actions (Ajzen,
1987).
However, not all individual behavior is under the
control of its own volition. One cannot fully able to
control their willingness to perform certain behaviors
because of constraints or difficulties experienced by the
individual to perform the behavior. Ajzen (1991) defined
the assessment as perceived behavioral control (PBC) is
the individual's perception of the ease or difficulty in
shaping the behavior of interest.
In the context of the adoption of the technology, prior
to using the new technology of individuals will assess the
possibility that they are not able to overcome obstacles in
using these technologies. Some research on technology
adoption involves the construct of perceived behavioral
control is as a direct predictor of the use of technology.
Mathieson (1991) in research on the use of software
technology at the university Lotus 123 proved that
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behavioral control as one of the factors that influence the
use of these technologies. Similarly, research conducted
by David (1992) on the use of word processing software
as well as Taylor and Todd (1995) about the use of
technology in the Computer Center; showed a significant
effect on the use of technology.
Based on the literature review conducted and the
synthesis of the connectedness of the above, the proposed
hypothesis is as follows:
H6: Perceived behavioral control has a positive effect on
the behavior of the use of e -Procurement
This construct was also tested their direct influence on
the intentions of the e -Procurement through hypothesis as
follows :
H7: Perceived behavioral control has a positive effect on
intention toward e-Procurement
FIGURE 1: RESEARCH MODEL
RESEARCH METHOD
The research survey is used to test the research model.
Unit of analysis is the work unit on the Provincial
Government agencies and State University who has been
using the e-Procurement system. The population of users
of the system as many as 359 units and as many as 130
the number of sample units and the number of
respondents as many as 185 personnel. Respondents in
this study were government employees who have been
using the e-Procurement.
Data analysis was performed using analysis of
evaluation measurement (outer model) and an analysis of
the structural model (inner model). Structural model was
tested using Structural Equation Modelling-Smart PLS.
Descriptive analysis of the open-ended questions was also
performed to explore qualitatively and complement the
research findings.
TABLE 1: MEASUREMENT
Construct Measurement References
Usage behavior of e-Procurement (USE)
USE1
USE2
USE3
USE4
USE5
Full utilization
Frequency of use
Time duration of use
Value of procurement (Rp)
Size of procurement
Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), Igbaria et al. (1995),
Davis (1989)
Intention toward e-Procurement (INT)
INT1
INT2
INT3
INT4
Tendency to use
Possibility to use
Plan to use
Decision to use
Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), Venkatesh and
David (2000), Lada et al. (2009)
Past Experiences (EXP)
EXP1
EXP2
EXP3
Familiar to computer technology and the Internet
Bad experience in using certain computer applications
Bad experience in doing procurement
Ajzen and Fishbein (1980), Taylor and Todd
(1995), Karahanna et al. (1999), Szajna (1996), Lymperopoulos and Chaniotakis (2005)
Internal Locus of Control (LOC)
LOC1
LOC2
LOC3
Depending on the self effort and hard work
Not rely on the help others
Not depend on the external conditions
Rotter (1966), Robbins and Judge (2007), Robbins and Judge (2007); Kreitner & Kinichi,
(2005); Slavin (1986)
Social Learning (SLR) SLR1
SLR2
SLR 3
Learning from the experience of other people 's success
Learning from the mass media (internet, television, etc.)
Engage in a forum or community
Bandura (1986), Rogers (1995)
Perceived
Behavioral
Control
Usage
Behavior of
e-Procurement
Intention toward
e-
Social
Learning Self-efficacy
Past
Experiences
Internal
Locus of
Control
H
6b (+)
H6
a (+)
H
2 (+)
H4
(+)
H
5 (-)
H
3 (+)
H
1 (+)
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Construct Measurement References
Self-efficacy (EFF)
EFF1 Completing the specific task Bandura (1997), Korbanoglu (2004),
EFF2 Using technological devices Burkhardt (1994), Compeau,
EFF3 Following the development of technology Higgins and Huff (1995)
EFF4 Implementing the new tasks
Perceived Behavioral Control (CON)
CON1 Easy to use the system Ajzen (1987,1991)
CON2
CON3
CON4
CON5
Easiness in understanding the procedures
Easiness in implementing procedures
Easy to use internal facilities
Easy to use public facilities
RESULTS
Data analysis was performed in 2 (two) stages of
evaluation measurement (outer model) and tested the
structural model (inner model). First, the evaluation of
measurement (outer model) of empirical models; obtained
convergent validity values (> 0.7), average variance
extrated (> 0.5), composite reliability (> 0.7), cronbachs
alpha (> 0.7 ) and discriminant validity are eligible.
Second, the test result of the structural model (inner
model); the model shows the value of goodness-fit models
are moderate with a value from 0.234 to 0.265. Table 2
illustrates the output of SmartPLS.
TABLE 2: EVALUATION MEASUREMENT (OUTER MODEL): AVE, CR, CA, T-VALUES
Outer Loading √ AVE Composite
Reliability Cronbachs Alpha
T Statistics
Behavioral use of e-Procurement 0,813556 0,906694 0,872327
USE1 0,784494
20,458613
USE2 0,692506
11,789955
USE3 0,822169
20,527078
USE4 0,882581
24,347284
USE5 0,871473
22,871496
Intention toward e-Procurement 0,900058 0,944367 0,920966
INT1 0,919977
31,255143
INT2 0,786004
9,032339
INT3 0,943540
76,300186
INT4 0,941246
76,405582
Past Experiences 0,590731 0,000855 0,303063
EXP1 0,843097
1,171995
EXP2 -0,485829
0,941295
EXP3 -0,316288
0,792208
Internal Locus of Control
0,853558 0,841520 0,655135
LOC1 -0,027384
0,070769
LOC2 0,928381
3,235410
LOC3 0,764980
2,514698
Social Learning 0,717178 0,625761 0,100449
SLR1 0,294981
1,068528
SLR2 0,110702
0,301658
SLR3 0,963819
2,900093
Self-efficacy
0,791094 0,869056 0,799064
EFF1 0,792128
13,023521
EFF2 0,681856
7,917566
EFF3 0,880942
18,868148
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Outer Loading √ AVE Composite
Reliability Cronbachs Alpha
T Statistics
EFF4 0,796783
11,590602
Perceived Behavioral Control 0,642322 0,778025 0,687590
CON1 0,593996
3,811236
CON2 0,667178
4,232105
CON3 0,650769
4,159479
CON4 0,627434
5,432382
CON5 0,669145
6,342183
Table 2 above shows that the constructs EXP and SLR
have cronbachs alpha < 0.70. Thus it is concluded that
EXP and SLR have a low reliability value that should be
excluded from the model.
TABLE 3: LATENT VARIABLE CORRELATIONS
USE CON EFF EXP INT LOC SLR
USE 0,813556
CON 0,343909 0,642322
EFF 0,292560 0,484996 0,791094
EXP -0,135071 -0,349669 -0,430886 0,590731
INT 0,360602 0,385675 0,330296 0,228774 0,900058
LOC -0,135259 0,130695 -0,015556 -0,087661 0,122404 0,853558
SLR 0,169007 0,115141 0,348612 0,334541 0,165123 -0,078266 0,717178
Notes: Bold numbers on the diagonal are the square root of the variance shared between theconstructs (average variance extracted) and their measures. Off-diagonal elements are correlations among constructs. For discriminant validity, diagonal elements should be larger than off-diagonal elements.
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Latent variable correlations Table 3 above shows that the
roots of AVE (diagonal elements) have a higher value than
the value of the correlation between the other constructs. This
proves that all the constructs USE, CON, EFF, EXP, INT,
LOC and SLR has good discriminant validity.
Test of the inner model was performed to see of the
relationship between constructs, as well as the value of
significance and R-square. Test of goodness-fit model of the
structural model (inner model) was performed by looking at
the value of R-square. R-square value of 0.19, 0.33 and 0.67
for the endogenous latent variables in the structural model
indicates that the model is weak, moderate and good. The
following table provides estimates of the output. Table 4
below provides the output estimate.
TABLE 4: TESTING A STRUCTURAL MODEL (INNER MODEL)
R Square
USE 0,179322
CON
EFF
INT 0,191245
LOC
Table 4 above shows that the model is weak to describe
the effect of the independent latent constructs to the
dependent latent constructs.
Figyre 2 bellow shows the test results of the structural
model (inner models). Intention towards e-Procurement
(INT) has a positive effect on usage behavior of e-
Procurement (USE) (β=0.268, p < 0.05). Perceived
behavioral control (CON) has a positive effect on INT
(β=0.279, p <0.01) and positive effect on usage behavior of
e-Procurement (USE) (β=0.240, p <0,05). Self-efficacy
(EFF) has a positive effect on INT (β=0.197, p <0,05).
Nevertheless, internal locus of control (LOC) has no effect
on intention towards e-Procurement (INT).
FIGURE 2: RESULTS
Notes : significance *** p<0,01 **p<0,05 *p<0,10
Figure 2 also shows that INT and CON overall explain
17.9% variability of USE (R2 = 0.179). Furthermore 19.1%
variability of INT can be explained by EFF and CON (R2 =
0.191).
DISCUSSION
First, the analysis proved that the intentions of the
individual toward e-Procurement has a positive effect on
usage behavior of technology is shown by the value of
coefficient = 0.268 (95% confidence level). These findings
support the view of Ajzen (1985, 1991) who stated that
intention is the closest cognitive antesenden of actual
behavior. Someone will do a behavior if he has a desire or
intention (behavioral intention) to do so. In connection with
the adoption of information technology, these findings also
reinforce support for technology acceptance model proposed
by Davis (1986) and Venkantesh (2003).
Second, the analysis found that perceived behavioral
control has a positive effect on the intention toward e-
Procurement. It is indicated by the value of coefficient =
0.279 (99% confidence level). Perceived behavioral control
also showed has a strong positive effect on usage behavior of
e-Procurement with a coefficient = 0.240 (95% confidence
level). The results of the statistical analysis also showed that
the direct effect of perceived behavioral control to use of e-
Procurement is stronger than its influence indirectly through
intentions. The test results support the hypothesis that
statements made by Ajzen (1991) in the theory of planned
behavior ( TPB ) that the performance of a particular
behavior is correlated with trust in the ability of individuals
to perform the behavior. Perceived behavioral control is the
individual's perception of the ease or difficulty in shaping the
behavior of interest.
Third, the analysis found that the self-efficacy has a
positive influence on the intention toward e-Procurement
with a coefficient of 0.187 (95% confidence level). Results of
this study support the statement Bandura (1997) that self-
efficacy will influence their decision to adopt the technology.
These findings also support the notion Compeau et al. (1999
) and Venkatesh and Davis (1996), which states that
individuals with high level of self-efficacy have a more
positive view of the technology. For the case of the adoption
of e-Procurement, individuals who have high levels of self-
efficacy (indicated by the ability of self-confidence in using
new technologies), the higher his or her intention toward e -
Procurement .
Fourth, the analysis found that internal locus of control
has no effect on the intentions toward e–Procurement with a
coefficient of 0.088. This study reinforces the opinion
Himelstein & Moore (1963), and Warner & DeFleur (1969)
regarding inconsistencies evaluative relationship between
attitude and behavior. This inconsistency is caused due to
failure of general attitude in predicting the behavior
associated with the object of the attitude. Internal locus of
control used in this research is the general attitude
measurement to predict the behavior of the adoption of e-
Procurement. Internal locus of control is common construct,
Perceived
Behavioral
Control
Usage
Behavior of
e-Procurement
Intention toward
e-
Self-efficacy
Internal
Locus of
Control
0
,279*
0.2
40**
0.088
0
.197**
0.
268*
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ISSN: 2460-5832
November 27-28th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
227
conf.unnes.ac.id/index.php/uicric
causing a weak correlation between this constructs with the
intention of e -Procurement .
Fifth, the analysis found that social learning has no effect
on the intentions of the e -Procurement. This study rejected
the notion Bandura (2001) which states experience of
institution to use the technology will influence others to
adopt the technology. The study's findings also rejected the
Rogers (1995) which stated that the information channel is an
important factor supporting the diffusion of innovation.
Sixth, the analysis also found that past experience has no
effect on the intentions of the e -Procurement. The findings
of this study supported the statement of Davis et al (1989)
that found no significant effect of the experience factor in
shaping the behavior of technology adoption. This finding
also support for further research on the role of past
experience as a moderating factor on technology adoption
behavior (Taylor and Todd , 1995; Karahanna et al, 1999;
Szajna, 1996; Venkantesh, 2000) .
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Through the personal values perspective, this study
shown that the usage behavior of e-Procurement in
government institution is determined by how high the
confidence of person to be able to overcome difficulties and
obstacles in using these technologies (perceived behavioral
control). The next aspect of personal value is self-efficacy
that if an individual has a high self confidence in using the
new technology, it will encourage increasing the intentions
toward technology and ultimately improve the usage
behavior of e-Procurement. But the study proved that internal
locus of control, social learning and past experiences have no
effect on the intentions toward e-Procurement.
This study implies that policy makers need to strengthen
the personal capabilities that will bring up the champion
person who will drive diffusion e-Procurement independently
in public institutions. This process will affects the quality of
adoption e-Procurement, not only measured by the intensity
of usage but also arouse the attention of members of the
organization to develop the technology as needed.
The main limitations of this research model lies in the
relatively small number of R-square for variables
endogenous intentions towards e-Procurement and e-
Procurement usage behavior that is the subject of the
research issue. This figure shows that there are other
variables as well as antesendent of intention and usage
behavior of e-Procurement so we need a more in-depth
exploration for other variables.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah (LKPP) Indonesia for funds the research, Bambang Purwanggono, and Ikak G. Patriastomo for comments on earlier draft of this manuscript.
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