proceeding international seminar on sociolinguistics and

LIST OF PAPERS

Proceeding International Seminar on Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 2017

!Beranda Staff Seminar Pengajaran Bahasa " Seminar Internasional " Prosiding "

#

Home / Proceeding International Seminar on Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 2017

Proceeding International Seminar on Sociolinguistics and Dialec... https://linguistik.fib.ui.ac.id/proceeding-international-seminar-on...

1 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Plenary Speakers:

Big Languages aren’t (Necessarily) Safe: Language Shift in the Major Languages of Indonesia

Abigail Cohn & Maya R. Abtahian

[Full Paper]

Language Change and Endangerment in West Java: Recent Dialectology Research

Multamia RMT Lauder & Allan F. Lauder

[Full Paper]

Parallel Session Presenters:

Phonological Accommodation in Situbondo-Bondowoso Subdialect of Madurese

Agusniar Dian Savitri

[Full Paper]

Language Change on Medicine Themed Advertisement of Newspaper in 1800s, 1900s, and 2000s

Ami Pramesti Jewalani

[Full Paper]

Young People’s Viewpoint toward Women’s Swearing: a Sociolinguistic Study in Depok

Annisa Nur Hanani & Marti Fauziah Ariastuti

[Full Paper]

The Indication of Sundanese Banten Dialect Shift in Tourism Area as Banten Society’s Identity Crisis

Alya Fauzia Khansa, Dilla Erlina Afriliani & Siti Rohmatiah

[Full Paper]

Variation of Lexicon and Phonology Verbs in Javanese Ngoko, Krama, and Krama Inggil in Desa Sendangsari, Kecamatan Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta

Ayuninda Erdiani, Siti Nur Khasanah F. & Rahil Helmi

[Full Paper]

Constructing Cultural Identity in Business Narratives: Evidence from English as Business’ Lingua Franca

Condra Antoni

[Full Paper]

Morphophonemic {ber} in Indonesian Language

Dara Minanda & Aghnia Salsabila

[Full Paper]

Linguistic Evidence on Sundanese Lexical Changes in Badui Tribe Areas

Davin Rusady & Sri Munawarah

[Full Paper]

Language Varieties in the Southern Coast of East Java: Dialectology Research

Dinda Fitria Sabila & Sri Munawarah

[Full Paper]

SUBJECTIVITY IN COLONIAL ARCHIVES: A CASE IN BATAVIA GOVERNMENT’S INSTRUCTIONS TO THE SULTAN OF BANTEN IN EARLY XIX CENTURY

Djoko Marihandono

[Full Paper]

#


2 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Rembang Community’s Language Variety as the Form of Self Identity

Endang Tri Irianingsih, Bani Sudardi & Wakit Abdullah Rais

[Full Paper]

The Existence of Indonesian Language as a Threat of Mother Language Shift in the Tourism Area: Sociolinguistics Study at Carita Beach and Tanjung Lesung

Farista Finishari, Anggia Rahmania & Nurul Ayu Saraswati

[Full Paper]

Mini Research “The Tendency of Using Non Standard Language than Standard Language in TED Talks Video”

Fora Dilla Suwanda

[Full Paper]

Arabic Derivated Elements on the Characters’ Names of Wayang Punakawan: A Sociolinguistic Analysis

Hafidz Fadli

[Full Paper]

A Socio-Dialectology Analysis of Cepit Dialect

Haira Rizka

[Full Paper]

Language Variety of Javanese in Mengare Island, East Java

Inas Rifqia Lainufar, Lely Oktaviani & Iqbal Nurul Azhar

[Full Paper]

Language Attitude of Nomad Undergraduate Students of Universitas Indonesia: a Case Study

Irwan Suswandi

[Full Paper]

Maintenance of Local Identity through Intergenerational Mother Tongue Continuity in Multilingual Tourism Society (Sociolinguistic Study at Carita Beach and

Tanjung Lesung)

Lilis Siti Sulistyaningsih, Mahmud Fasya, Yulia Pertiwi Faisol, Septia Sari Wulandari & Riska Listhya

[Full Paper]

Differentiation of the Word Akan on the Educational Article in Five Newspapers Differing Period

Majid Ariyoga

[Full Paper]

Language Variation in the Family of the Community in the Border of Timor Leste and Malaka Regency

Maria Magdalena Namok Nahak

[Full Paper]

Dialectal Variation in Javanese of Kendal, West Java

Menik Lestari & Sri Munawarah

[Full Paper]

The Acceptable Indigenous and Foreign Language to the Acceptable Indonesia Language Shifting: Sociolinguistics Case Study on UNS Print and Copy Area

Overviewed within Translation Studies

Mochamad Nuruz Zaman, M. Rosyidi & Asep Budiman

[Full Paper]

Language Maintenance on Kuang Baru Community

Muh. Ardian Kurniawan and Roni Amrulloh

[Full Paper]

#


3 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Affixation Structure Changes on Bahasa Indonesia on Newspaper Articles of the 1800s, 1900s, and 2000s Periods

Muzainah Nurazijah

[Full Paper]

The Language Maintenance and Language Shift of Madurese Stylistic Level among Youths in Sumenep Regency, Madura Island, East Java

Nur Awaliyah Putri

[Full Paper]

The Use of Song Titles in Spotify Playlist to Express the Affection

Nur Fathia Rahma Fauzia

[Full Paper]

The Interplay of Social Variables in Walikan

Nurenzia Yannuar

[Full Paper]

Is Sundanese Shifted by Bahasa Indonesia?

Ramdan Sukmawan

[Full Paper]

Language Situation in Kebumen Regency

Ratih Rahayu & Sri Munawarah

[Full Paper]

Language and Culture: Kinship System of Batak Simalungun Ethnic

Rodearta Purba

[Full Paper]

Innovation of Sundanese Language Dialect in Brebes Regency: Phonological Analysis Using Generative Phonology

Rozan Fahreza & Muhammad Ihsan

[Full Paper]

The Use of Sundanese on Imperative Sentences from Parents to Children

Sonya Puspa

[Full Paper]

A Dialectology Study of Lampung-Komering Relationship in Pringsewu Regency of Lampung Province

Suprayogi

[Full Paper]

Searching the Mintul Word “Blunt” as a Geographical Variation of Sundanese Language

Wahya, Fatmah Djajasudarma & Elvi Citraresmana

[Full Paper]

Code Mixing on Signages of Public Space in Medan

Winda Zulhernanda

[Full Paper]

Metaphors in a Hierarchical System: a Socio-Cognitive Perspective

Yu-Chun Yang

[Full Paper]

A Comparative Analysis of Language Changes in Three Different Saga Published in 1875, 1946, and 2017

Yuniasri

#


4 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Acoustic Description of Acehnese Monopthong Vowels: Female VS. Male Speakers from East Aceh

Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf , Ika Apriani Fata, and Teuku Mohammad Aulia

[Full Paper]

[Full Paper]

Language Maintenance of the Tionghoa Speakers towards Their Heritage Language in Aceh

Zulfadli A. Azis, Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf, Siti Raisha & Nurul Kamaliah

[Full Paper]

PLENNARY SESSIONS

BIG LANGUAGES AREN’T (NECESSARILY) SAFE: LANGUAGE SHIFT IN THE MAJOR LANGUAGES OF INDONESIA*

Abigail C. Cohn (Cornell University) & Maya R. Abtahian (University of Rochester)

The instatement of Bahasa Indonesia as Indonesia’s national language is widely cited as a successful example of language planning; yet it also has implications for

endangerment of local languages. With over 700 local languages, Indonesia is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. It is widely

acknowledged that “small” languages are at risk of endangerment, but what is the fate of the “big” languages? In a multifaceted project, we address this issue

investigating language shift among the “big” languages of Indonesia, those with over 1 million speakers.

DIALECTS – STANDARD VARIETIES – INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGES – GLOBAL LINGUA FRANCA. ON THE LINGUISTIC REPERTOIRES OF

EUROPEANS IN TIMES OF GLOBALIZATION

Ulrich Ammon’s

University of Duisburg-Essen

The linguistic correlate of globalization has sometimes been characterized as superdiversity and been projected onto models of the global language constellation.

This paper describes the typical linguistic repertoires of today’s Europeans with reference to this theoretical background. It gives an overview of the dialect

distributions within major European languages, of the distribution of languages in Europe and of their national and international standing, with English as the global

lingua franca. It shows how the linguistic repertoires of Europeans, or a good deal of them, extend over all these types of language varieties and languages and

their functions. For the detailed analysis the paper focuses on German and its national standard varieties and dialects, but draws parallels to other European

languages. It also shows that the knowledge of the global lingua franca does not suffice but that languages like German or French are also needed, for national as

well as for international purposes. The paper is based, among other sources, on the author’s recent book Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt [The

Status of the German Language in the World]. Berlin etc. 2015.

CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING:

A CASE STUDY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN YOGYAKARTA

Bambang Kaswanti Purwo

*

#


5 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Katharina Endriati Sukamto

Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

The present paper is a preliminary attempt to portray the development of Javanese elementary school children in writing both in Indonesian and Javanese. For

many of the children, Indonesian is not the mother tongue. The attempted portray, however, is not the result of a longitudinal study, as the data obtained for the

analysis was carried out through one snapshot. The elementary school children at SDN Sarikarya, Yogyakarta, from the first to the sixth grade, were assigned to

describe in writing the same picture in Indonesian and Javanese, i.e. a picture that depicts activities of people celebrating the Indonesian independence day of

August 17. A comparison of the children’s writing from the first to the sixth grade reveals the developmental stages in their acquisition of the two language aspects

required in writing. The aspects they have struggled with, as apparent from the writing of the first to the next grade, are to do with problems they have in dealing

with (a) transferring from sound to spelling, (b) morphophonemic rules in word formation, (c) phrasal, (d) clausal (intrasentential), and (e) sentential (intersentential)

constructions. Related to (c) to (e) is their problems in using intra- and intersentential connectives, lexical and grammatical words. In all grade levels, the students

are more at ease when they write in Indonesian rather than in Javanese. At the lower grades (first and second grades), they produce more words and phrasal

expressions in Indonesian than in Javanese. At the higher grades, the development of their writing in Indonesian is obvious in terms of their ability in expressing

their ideas in the language.

LANGUAGE CHANGE AND ENDANGERMENT IN WEST JAVA: RECENT DIALECTOLOGY RESEARCH

Multamia RMT Lauder and Allan F. Lauder

Universitas Indonesia

Language endangerment studies focus on languages rather than dialects. There are relatively few studies of dialect death. We are interested to know what

endangerment looks like when studied at the level of dialect. Can one dialect be threatened while another is vigorous? Can dialects be threatened, but in different

ways? To shed some light on such issues, this article looks at a number of geolinguistic research studies of the Betawi language and its dialects. The Betawi

language is an indigenous, regional language of Indonesia, spoken by several million people in and around the greater Jakarta area. It is currently threatened. The

language, is Malay-based. It has two dialects and there is also a subdialect, Betawi Ora. The present review of geolinguistic studies of Betawi helps identify where

the language and its dialects are used, provides evidence for language and dialect shift operating at the level of dialect, and also shows what the main forces

driving language shift or language loss are. Further, the use of a consistent, empirical methodology across all the studies provides a diachronic perspective on

geographical variation from between 1978 up to 2015. Three of the studies in particular paint a diachronic picture of language change in Bekasi over a period of

thirty years that raises questions about the theory that the rate of language change is constant.

Keywords: dialect death, Betawi language, dialectology, language attitudes, language shift

ABSTRAK MAKALAH

PARALLEL SESSIONS

#


6 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

PHONOLOGICAL ACCOMMODATION

IN SITUBONDO-BONDOWOSO SUBDIALECT OF MADURESE

Agusniar Dian Savitri

Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Situbondo and Bondowoso districts are located in the East Java Tapal Kuda area. Those districts are different from other districts in the Tapal Kuda area because

about 90% of the speakers in these two districts are Madurese speakers. Although almost all speakers are Madurese speakers, there are variations that tend to be

phonological variations. One of the reasons is the sound accommodation the speakers do. This study aims to describe phonological accommodation in Situbondo-

Bondowoso subdialect of Madurese that causes variation and distribution of variations so that there is a division of sound areas in the two districts. Data collection

methods were conducted by structured interviews on 32 informants at 8 points of observation. The list of inquiries used is a list of language center which consists of

1089 vocabulary. In addition, unstructured interviews were conducted to find out the reason for the speakers doing the accommodation. According to data analysis,

the padan method is used to describe the process and causes of the accommodation. Isoglosic method is used to describe the distribution of phonological

variations. The result of phonological accommodation in Madurese subdialek Situbondo-Bondowoso is a long-term accommodation that occurs in the direction of

the migration of its speakers. The accommodation consisted of the transition of the mid vowel [] to the central vowel [\], the transition of front vowel [a] to the central

vowel [\], the transition from the consonant of the geminated to the non-geminated, the transition from the consonant of the aspirated to the non-aspirated.

Geographically, the Variations caused by accommodation configurate the sound area in the two districts. Phonological accommodation is also used by young

speakers to obtain dialect/subdialect which is socially considered to be prestigious in society and the ability of Indonesian language also influence it.

Keywords: phonological accommodation, phonological variation, subdialect of Madurese

THE INDICATION OF SUNDANESE BANTEN DIALECT SHIFT

IN TOURISM AREA AS BANTEN SOCIETY’S IDENTITY CRISIS

(SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY IN TANJUNG LESUNG AND CARITA BEACH)

Alya Fauzia Khansa, Dilla Erlina Afriliani, Siti Rohmatiah

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

This research used theoretical sociolinguistics and descriptive qualitative approaches. The location of this study is Tanjung Lesung and Carita Beach tourism area,

Pandeglang, Banten. The subject of this study is focused on Tanjung Lesung and Carita Beach people who understand and use Sundanese Banten dialect and

Indonesian language in daily activity. The subject consists of 55 respondents based on education level, age, and gender categories. The data taken were

Sundanese Banten dialect speech act by the respondents, both literal and non-literal speech, the information given is the indication of Sundanese Banten dialect

shift factors. Data collection technique in this research is triangulation (combination) in the form of participative observation, documentation, and deep interview by

using “Basa Urang Project” instrument. This research reveals that the problems related to the indication of Sundanese Banten dialect shift in Tanjung Lesung and

Banten Carita Beach which causes identity crisis to Tanjung Lesung and Banten Carita Beach people. This study discovers (1) description of Bantenese people

local identity, (2) perception of Tanjung Lesung and Carita Beach people on the use of Sundanese Banten dialect in Tanjung Lesung and Carita Beach tourism area

and (3) the indications of Sundanese Banten dialect shift in Tanjung Lesung and Carita Beach tourism area.

Key words: language shift, Sundanese Banten dialect, identity crisis

#


7 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

LANGUAGE CHANGE ON MEDICINE THEMED ADVERTISEMENT OF NEWSPAPER IN 1800S, 1900S AND 2000S

Ami Pramesti Jewalani


Living language are always and will always be changing. No living language are failed to change (Trask, 2010). We can never be aware of the change of language

for we use it everyday, it can only be noticed at a certain range of time. Change in language can be seen through the recorded uses of language as in newspaper.

Advertisement is one of the media that promote products and services to the public printed on the newspaper. Since advertisement use language in promoting any

products, then its language also changes from time to time. This study aims to see how language in the advertisement of newspaper in three centuries, especially

in medicine theme, change. The data used is medicine themed advertisements printed in the newspaper with Indonesian language in three points of time in 1800s,

1900s and 2000s taken from Indonesian National Library. By comparing the language used those advertisements, the writer examined the change phonologically,

syntactically, and semantically. The result shows that there are changes in phonology such as adaptation of sound in Indonesian phonology, syntax such as phrase

pattern change and in semantic level such as change in collocation. However the most salient change found is in semantic change. There are some changes in

words referring to a disease, for example, or changes in how words in health domain collocate with other words. In 1800s the name of the ailment suffered was

influenced by words from Dutch while in 20 century, Dutch influence on the name of the diseases has lessened or even gone. This change may be caused by the

condition in Indonesia in 1800s when Indonesia was colonized by Dutch and by what Indonesian feels toward Dutch. It is demonstrated by the result that language

change can be triggered externally (Minkova, 2014) such as language contact.

Keyword : Advertisement, Medicine, Language Change, Language Contact

YOUNG PEOPLE’S VIEWPOINTS TOWARD WOMEN’S SWEARING: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY IN DEPOK

Annisa Nur Hanani & Marti Fauziah Ariastuti


Although we often hear people use swearwords in daily conversation, swearing is generally perceived as improper or disgraceful conduct by society. Many studies

on people’s perceptions toward swearing have been conducted. They focus on whether men and women’s swearing is perceived differently and which of the two

groups use swearwords more frequently in daily life. Little is known about what young people think of this behavior, particularly when this taboo language is used by

women. The aim of this study is to discover young people’s opinion of women’s swearing based on sociolinguistic perspectives. It also discusses the correlation

between respondents’ gender and education level and their perception towards this language behavior. Forty-two male and female students aged between 12-22

years old took part in this study. They were students of secondary schools and colleges who lived in Depok, a suburban district on the outskirts of Jakarta. The

study was conducted by means of questionnaire. The respondents were asked to state their opinion about a number of situations in which swearwords are said by

women. The students’ perception was analyzed based on their gender and education level and the manually calculated data were converted into graphs. The

results show that female students are more skeptical, while male students are more tolerant toward this issue. Moreover, junior high school students are more

averse than senior high school and college students.

Keywords: Women’s swearing; Swearwords; Young People’s Opinion; Education level; Sociolinguistics

th

#


8 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

VARIATIONS OF LEXICON AND PHONOLOGY VERBS IN JAVANESE NGOKO, KRAMA, AND KRAMA INGGIL IN DESA SENDANGSARI, KECAMATAN

MINGGIR, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

Ayuninda Erdiani, Siti Nur Khasanah F, Rahil Helmi

Universitas Gajah Mada

This research will compare language variations that focus on 190 verbs of Javanese in the level of Ngoko, Krama, and Krama Inggil at Desa Sendangsari

Kecamatan Minggir Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. This research is categorized as dialectology study with sociolinguistic aspects. It will discuss the vocabulary

that exists in one region and see the contrast of the dialect at Desa Sendangsari. Previous research had done by Poedsoedarmo et al (1979) focusing on

Javanese speech level in word class categories (Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives). The purpose of this research is to describe the phonological and lexical variations

of Ngoko, Krama, and Krama Inggil used by Javanese and to describe the difference factors beyond the variations of speech level in Desa Sendangsari Kecamatan

Minggir Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. In this study, researchers conducted interviews to four respondents by recording and note taking every respons given by

respondents regarding the list of questions or spontaneous conversations that come out of them by using elicitation technique. The result of this study indicates that

the verbs of Ngoko, Krama, and Krama Inggil have several variations of lexicon and phonology in describing a concept of the same meaning. There are 100 verbs

have lexical variations of Ngoko, 26 verbs of Krama, and 6 verbs of Krama Inggil. Moreover, the phonological variations spoken by the respondents are 36 verbs of

Ngoko, one verb of Krama, and none of Krama Inggil. The differences in lexicon and phonology are influenced by the social factors of speakers such as age,

occupation, education, and gender.

Keyword: verbs, language variations, Javanese, lexicon, phonology.

CONSTRUCTING CULTURAL IDENTITY IN BUSINESS NARRATIVES:

EVIDENCE FROM ENGLISH AS A BUSINESS’ LINGUA FRANCA

Condra Antoni

State Polytechnic of Batam

This article elaborates on identity construction(s) as instantiated through English business narratives of the richest Indonesian businessmen and in what extent their

use of words or phrases reflect any cultural group membership. This article aims at contributing a valuable insight on the cultural identity construction enacted

through the choice of words and phrases in the use of English as a lingua franca in business context regardless its standard or non-standard uses. The data were

taken from the English narratives of the top ten 2015 richest Indonesian people ranked by Forbes magazine. The author gained the data from several business

events and interviews which were freely accessed in video forms in Youtube. A discourse analytic approach is employed as the method. It was found that the

richest Indonesian businessmen construct several identities such a supporter of western value, a fan of religious and cultural integration, an Asian cultural

member, and a family oriented person as well as and optimistic and appreciative business persons. Some of the identity constructions signal that they belong to

certain cultural groups and some others are relevant to their position as businessmen.

Keywords: identity, narrative, English, culture, business

MORPHOPHONEMIC {ber-} IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE

#


9 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Dara Minanda & Aghnia Salsabila


This research raised the topic concerning the morfofonemic of Indonesian language, especially in morpheme {ber-}. The study aims to provide an overview of the

change of the form of morpheme {ber-} and describe how the process of changemorpheme {ber-} in the Indonesian language that to happen. It is also to prove the

theory about the change in language.The method used in this research is the method of quantitative and qualitative.The data collection be done to the study library

of a collection of manuscripts that are still using characters Jawi, novels that are using the Melayu Pasar language, and articles of the actual. The results showed

that there are language change, in particular the change in morpheme {ber-}.Morpheme {ber-}, who is known to have three forms of the {ber-}, {be-}, and {bel-} was

previously is still have a very simple.In the manuscript a there isn’t any variation of the use of morpheme {ber-}, there’s only one form of morpheme, which is

{ber-}.But as the change period, the use of morpheme {ber-} with varied with the languages rules. The morpheme {ber-} started to evolve as I do the comparison

between the manuscripts that still using Jawi characters with the manuscripts of the stories that have been using Latin characters. The period when it started the

variations morfem {ber-} can not be determined clearly, but the changes continued to occur even when the discovery of the manuscripts of stories with Latin

characters and using the Melayu Pasar language, or who are called the Bacaan Liar.

Keywords: Jawi characters, Latin characters, Morphophonemic, Morpheme, Melayu Pasar language.

LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE ON SUNDANESE LEXICAL CHANGES

IN BADUI TRIBE AREAS

Davin Rusady & Sri Munawarah


Language changes occur slowly and almost unconsciously. Language changes will occur if the language-speaking community experiences changes in language

usage. Vocabulary changes on the lexical level can be known through the loss of certain vocabulary, the growth of new vocabulary, and the survival of the old

vocabulary with the change of pronunciation or sound. The phenomenon of language change can also occur in the Badui tribe areas because they speak in ancient

Sundanese. In this study, researchers will compare the vocabulary of the Sundanese language in the Badui areas which are considered ancient with the

Sundanese language vocabulary in Bandung Regency which is considered more modern. Therefore, the problem in this paper is how the change of vocabulary of

Sundanese in the Badui tribe areas which is considered ancient and Sundanese language vocabulary in the area of Bandung is considered more modern. The

purpose of this research is to show the change of vocabulary in Sundanese in Badui tribe areas and Bandung Regency areas. The data were obtained from the

informants in 14 villages, transcribed, and then compared with the data of the Sundanese language vocabulary in Bandung Regency. The findings obtained that

vocabulary changes in Bandung Regency and Badui tribe areas amounted to 142 vocabularies. The type of vocabulary change with the highest frequency is the

vocabulary survived with the same pronunciation and the new growing grain, followed by the type of vocabulary persist with the same pronunciation and the lost

words also vocabulary persist with the same pronunciation, the lost vocabulary, and the new vocabulary.

Keywords: language change, lexical, Sundanese, Bandung, Badui

Colloquial Language in Young Adult Fiction:

A Corpus-based Study on Language Variation

Dien Rovita & Totok Suhardijanto


Language development and language change may result from several factors, including its speakers. Language speakers whose significant contributions in

language development is young adults. The language which is used by young adults in communication, either in spoken or written modes, is interesting to study

#


10 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

further. Such kind of colloquial languages can also be found in Indonesia. One of the richest resources for this colloquial language is young adult fictions or novels.

These novels have played an important role in recording the language variation from time to time.

This paper presents our corpus-based research on teenage language expressions in young adult fictions. Our young adult fiction corpus is built from teenage

literatures published in Indonesia from 1990s to 2010s. In our analysis, a set of corpus methods such as collocates, concordances, n-grams, and phraseology is

implemented. To understand and elaborate the meaning of a given expression, the context of expression use should be reviewed in a KWiC (keyword in context)

concordance. The result of this research shows that colloquial expressions used by young adult in Indonesia is very unique due to its distinctive word choice.

Key words: language variation, colloquialism, young adult fiction, corpus-based study

LANGUAGE VARIETIES IN THE SOUTHERN COAST OF EAST JAVA: DIALECTOLOGY RESEARCH

Dinda Fitria Sabila & Sri Munawarah


Peta Bahasa-bahasa di Indonesia (1972) published by Lembaga Bahasa Nasional contain the spread of languages in the southern coast of East Java consisting of

several dialects and even languages. This condition is interesting to trace because there is no recent and detailed research on language varieties and situation in

this region.

In addition, the language condition also supported with historical aspect, i.e. dominion history of Mataram Sultanate and Blambangan Kingdom which is possible

strongly influence language varieties and situation that exist in the southern coast of East Java. Tjokrowinoto (1993: 4) states that the Javanese language is divided

into three groups based on the glory time of the kingdoms in Java. One of them is the new Javanese language that developed since the XVII century during the

second Mataram Sultanate. Therefore, an analysis of languages in the southern coast of East Java as a remnant of Mataram Sultanate and Blambangan Kingdom

dominion territory required to be done.

Based on these conditions, this study aims to describe and explain the language varieties and situation that exist in the southern coast of East Java with

dialectology study. This research uses quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods are used to calculate dialectometry and qualitative methods for

analyzing data based on language maps and the results of dialectometric calculations.

Keyword: Dialectology, language varieties, language situation, south coast, East Java

SUBJECTIVITY IN COLONIAL ARCHIVES:

THE CASE OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT’S INSTRUCTION

TO THE SULTAN OF BANTEN IN THE EARLY XIX CENTURY

Djoko Marihandono


On January 14, 1808, there was a change of power in the East Indies (a term used for the Dutch East-Indies in the early 19 century), from Governor General

Albertus Henricus Wiese to Herman Willem Daendels. That particular event was regarded as extraordinary, because the governor general had previously always

been chosen out of the officials in the Dutch East-Indies. But this time the governor general came directly from the officials in Europe, who had no experience

serving in the colony. In performing his duties, the new governor general made his own way of giving instructions, which structurally differed from the normative,

standardized instructions of his predecessors. Moreover, his new way of giving instructions included the using of some words with connotative meanings, which

th

#


11 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

was also unusual.

This paper will discuss the subjectivity in colonial archives between 1808 and 1811, not only from the sociolect perspective, but also from the chronolect. All the

words with connotative meanings will be investigated and then patterned, so that their hidden tendencies can be revealed. Colonial archives containing the

instructions of Governor General Daendels will be used as the data for this research, particularly his instructions to the Sultan of Banten during his ruling period in

the East Indies (1808-1811).

Keywords: Structure, instructions, meanings, connotative, Javanese kings.

REMBANG COMMUNITY’S LANGUAGE VARIETY AS THE FORM OF SELF IDENTITY

Endang Tri Irianingsih , Bani Sudardi , Wakit Abdullah Rais

Universitas Sebelas Maret

Communicating with each other needs language as the media. Indonesia consists of thousands islands with so many local languages (dialects). The largest dialect

is Javanese language. Javanese language also has many variations due to geographical factor. The difference between one area and another has distinctive

uniqueness. This article aimed to find out the difference of dialects between Rembang and Solo people. In addition, it also aimed to see the effect of dialect on its

society’s social life. This study was a descriptive qualitative research with field method and observation and in-depth interview as the techniques of collecting data.

The population was people living in Rembang coastal area and the sample consisted of informant selected using snowball sampling method. Data analysis was

carried out using comparative technique and triangulation to sort the data. The problems addressed were: (1) how is the dialect of Rembang people in daily life? (2)

what is the difference of Javanese dialect between Rembang and Solo people and its implication to social life? This article concludes that there is a difference

between Rembang and Solo Javanese language dialects, characterized with suffix –em. In social life, Rembang Javanese dialect is the manifestation of their

community’s identity.

Keywords: Dialect, Rembang people, social life, and self-identity.

When Using Japanese Language Gets You Bullied:

A Sociolinguistics Analysis on Stigmatization of “Weeaboos”

Fachril Subhandian & Himawan Pratama


Stigmatization towards a community within the society usually comes from outside the community itself. However, an interesting phenomenon arises since the early

2010s, when the term “weeaboo” (or “Wapanese“) appeared. The term is used among Japanese popular culture fans to address to fellow Japanese popular culture

fans who are considered have gone too far in expressing their fondness for Japanese popular culture products (namely manga, anime, and/or video game). While

the scope of the term “have gone too far” is remain unclear, it seems that in many Japanese popular culture fan communities there has been a convention that

someone will be labeled a “weeaboo” if he/she is too obsessed with Japanese popular culture, and thus try to think and act (dress, speak, etc.) as if they were

Japanese, as seen in manga or anime. The emergence of the term “weeaboo” indicates that stigmatization towards an individual or a group of community members

may also arise from within the same community.

Since Japanese language usage is also one key determinants of “weeaboo” stigmatization, it is interesting to make clear what kind of Japanese language

determine whether someone fall into the category of “weeaboo” or not. In order to do so, a survey of Japanese language use among the Japanese popular culture

fans who attended the Gelar Jepang 23, Universitas Indonesia will be conducted. This study intends to show that language preferences has created a

stigmatization which generated social stratification within the Japanese popular culture fan communities.

Keywords: Japanese language, Japanese popular culture, social stratification, stigmatization, weeaboo

1 2 3

#


12 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

THE EXISTENCE OF INDONESIAN LANGUANGE AS A THREAT OF MOTHER LANGUANGE SHIFT IN THE TOURISM AREA: SOSIOLINGUISTICS STUDY

AT CARITA BEACH AND TANJUNG LESUNG

Farista Finishari, Anggia Rahmania, Nurul Ayu Saraswati


This study aims to find a shift of the mother language or regional language by the existence of Indonesian Language in the tourism area of Tanjung Lesung and

Pantai Carita. The mother langauge shift should be overcome by the good language inheritance to the children and young generation. The sense of pride that

should arise will be fade if there is no good inheritance of language from parents. This study is presented in the description type from the results of questionnaire

recap in decimal. The method that used in this study is qualitative description method, that is describing the data which is taken from the questionnaire results

become the percentage of the respondent answer. The questionnaire method that used is also accompanied by the results of researchers interview to respondent.

The results that obtained from this study is the fact that there is a shift in the mother language or regional language in the tourism area of Tanjung Lesung and

Pantai Carita. This is seen from the percentage graph of an interview questionnaire with the titled “basa urang” that becomes one of the tool in this study. In

addition, researchers also get the results from family tree description proving that there is language shift caused by the absence of mother language or regional

language inheritance to the next generation.

Keywords: Sosiolinguistic, Inheritance, Shift, Language, Threat.

MINI RESEARCH ”THE TENDENCY OF USING NON-STANDARD LANGUAGE THAN STANDARD LANGUAGE IN TED TALKS VIDEO ”

Fora Dilla Suwanda

Universitas Gajah Mada

The widespread of using non-standard language in several occasions influences the English speakers to use non-standard vocabularies in formal situation. In

particular, code choice is taken by its domain. Formal situation usually uses standard language while informal situation uses non-standard language. This common

situation does not appear in usage of English nowadays. This phenomenon occurs in TED Talks utterances which used a few non-standard language in formal

situation. This wrong “take-place” insisted me to do an observation toward the tendency of non-standard language than standard language. I take the data from

Oprah Winfrey Show as the source of informal situation. Moreover , I take data from TED Talks as a public platform as the source of formal situation.

This mini research is conducted to recognize set of familiar sentences in non-standard language and to find possible factors affected people employed non-

standard language in particular occasion. In this case, I limit this research in stylistic lexical variation found in several talks of United States speakers. To obtain the

result, research is drawn into two steps. Firstly, data is collected by using observational method with do the observation and note taking. Last step, data is analyzed

by transcribing the utterances, categorizing the words, interpreting the factors behind, and completing with a conclusion.

Code choice of English speakers is not permanently consistent in their domain. The factors behind their stylistic lexical variation cannot guarantee their vocabulary

choice. Formal and informal situation talks do not always employ their particular language. A widespread of non-standard language used in varied situations had

forced the English speakers to get know and gradually enjoy to use it. In the end, the use of standard language in formal situation can also be messed up by non-

standard existence.

Key words : non-standard, standard, domain, code choice, lexical variation.

A SOCIO-DIALECTOLOGY ANALYSIS OF CEPIT DIALECT

Haira Rizka

Institut Agama Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

#


13 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

This research aims to analyze possible Javanese varieties in Cepit dialect (CD) and examine the social phenomena of CD. Based on synchronic dialectology

approach, synchronic descriptions are classified into two dimensions: vertical synchronic description which covers phonology, morphology, and lexicology, and

horizontal synchronic description which covers level of speech. The data of this research were taken from three observation areas (TP): TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3. The

primary data were collected through structured interview using Swadesh wordlist completed with local dialect. The data collecting techniques of this research were

observation and interview, and recording and written technics as the continuous techniques. The collected data were then synchronically analyzed by comparing

each TP to gain the characteristics of CP. Based on vertical synchronic dimension, CD’s phonology consists of vowels, consonants, and consonant cluster

phonemes: /mb/, /ml/, /bl/, /kl/, /gl/, /mr/, /pr/, /gr/, /kr/, /sr/, /ŋl/, /ŋɡ/, /ndʒ/, /nd /, and /nd/. Then, in morphological variation, CD has two variations: affixations and

reduplications. Affixations consist of prefixation, suffixation, and prefixation-suffixation; and reduplications consist of reduplicating the first word e.g. /ˈŋgɒsɔk-

ˈŋgɒsɔk/, omitting the second word’s first phoneme e.g. /ŋuˈmbʌh uˈmbʌh/, in this case the consonant phoneme, and modifying the second words vocal, e.g. /wirʌ-

wiri/. In lexical level, CD shares commonly received Javanese. The horizontal synchronic dimension shows that CD speakers mostly mix three levels of speech:

ngaka, krama, and karma inggil in a sentence because of their lack knowledge.

Keywords: dialectology, Cepit dialect, Swadesh list

CHARACTERS’ NAMES OF WAYANG PUNAKAWAN:

A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

Hafidz Fadli


There was an assumption which says that the name of Punakawan characters on puppet (Wayang) are derived from Arabic language. The objective of this

research is to prove whether the name of Punakawan characters is derived from Arabic or not. This research uses qualitative method with the literature study

approach. This research start from some statements which state that the name of Punakawan characters, like Semar, Nala Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong are

derived from Arabic however there is no proof linguistically. These characters began to be played in the beginning of the spread of Islam by Sunan Kalijaga. This

thing shows that there was a relation between the spread of Islam with naming these characters as a dakwah to the Java society at that time. After the linguistic

analysis, both phonological, morphological, and semantic research, the name of Punakawan characters have evidently derived from Arabic vocabularies. Semar is

derived from sammir, Nala Gareng is derived from naala qariin, Petruk is derived from fatruk, and the last Bagong is derived from baagin. Beside, these characters

played by Sunan Kalijaga since the spread of Islam in Java reinforces that the name of Punakawan characters are derived from Arabic language.

Keywords: Loanwords; Arabic Language; Punakawan; Islamic History

LANGUAGE VARIETY OF JAVANESE IN MENGARE ISLAND, EAST JAVA

Inas Rifqia Lainufar[1], Lely Oktaviani[2] & Iqbal Nurul Azhar[3]

University of Trunojoyo Madura

Javanese is included in Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian language family. It has some distinctive characteristics comparing to other languages used in

Java island. When it is used in some particular areas, variations appear. One of the areas that the variations can be found easily is Mengare island. In Mengare

island, some Javanese unique lexicons can be found. They are Javanese but some of their linguistic features are much influenced by Madurese. It is quite

interesting to investigate since most of the people who inhabit the island are Javanese. Qualitative type of study was chosen as the type of this study. Observation

and interview method were used to supply the data of this study. While for data analysis, the writers applied correlation method analysis. The data above show us

that there are some lexicons of Mengare which contain variations. The variations are classified into nouns (15 data), verbs (17 data), adjectives (20 data),

conjunction (1 datum) and adverbs (3 data). The data are very different from the lexicons used by common Eastern Javanese. Because of that, they are included

as Javanese language variety. In general, the variations of language in Mengare Island, cover two things. The first is the variation in the form of lexicons (lexical

h

#


14 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

difference) and the second is the variation of language in the form of morphological process (morphological difference).

Keywords: Language variety, Javanese, Madurese, lexicons, Mengare island,

LANGUAGE ATTITUDE OF NOMAD UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

CASE RESEARCH: NOMAD UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

Irwan Suswandi


Language is always actively used as communication medium. In a communication involving more than one different language, one of the languages in the

conversation can be chosen by a language the speakers. Language attitude that used by a native speaker is about mental position or feelings toward own language

or another language (Kridalaksana, 2001, p. 197). In this borderless era, the interaction and mobilization between people are increasing. One of the examples is

nomad undergraduate students who gain knowledge in universities in big cities, such as Universitas Indonesia. In this research, the researcher analyzed the

language attitudes that used by nomad undergraduate students while communicating in the Universitas Indonesia. The theory used in this research came from

Garret et al (2003) to analyze aspects related to language, and Jendra (2010) to sign the factors that became a tendency in language attitude. The researcher used

questionnaires and interviews methods. Participants involved in this research were twenty undergraduate students from outside Jabodetabek with corpus data from

questionnaires and interviews. From the data resulted in keyword about the reasons and factors of language attitude. This research concluded that the most

influencing aspects of participants in language attitude in daily campus communication were behavior aspect and affective aspect. There were two main factors that

encourage participants to use Indonesian dialect Jakarta; prestige and strength of that language and internal system of that language. Even so, they will try to use

local language to their fellows from the same region, unless those fellows were reluctant to use local language, then the participants will adjust it by using

Indonesian dialect Jakarta.

Keywords: attitude, communication, language, nomad, student

How Children and Adolescents Use nggak:

A Study on Language Variation in Written Form

Bernadette Kushartanti, Arianti Nur Amira, Fitria Rahma Dewi


The verbal and adjectival negation in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian is “standardized” in youth magazine as nggak [ŋgaʔ] ‘no, not’ (see for example: Purwo 1997

and Sneddon 2006). Nevertheless, as in its spoken form, it has several variants, such as enggak, engga, ngga, gak, ga, ndak, and so on. The occurrence of such

variants is sometimes influenced by its environment, i.e words that precede or follow the negation.

This study focuses on children’s (8-9 years old) and teenagers’ (13-14 years old) writings. The participants of this study are 120 children who are grouped into two.

We use 15 sentences consisting of nggak as our instrument. Each sentence is designed by conditioned environment, namely words that follow the negation, such

as nggak bisa ‘can’t’, nggak mau ‘don’t want’, nggak nanya ‘not asking’, etc. To elicit the productions, the sentences are read aloud by the researcher, and written

by the participants. Instructions are given in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian. Several variants of nggak occurred in the writings are classified and analyzed. This

study is supported by participants’ demographic information, obtained from factual questionnaires. The questionnaires consist of questions on their language use at

home and school, as well as, the uses of gadget and social media. Descriptive statistical analyses are conducted as we compare the uses of the variants between

both groups

It is found that both groups tend to “violate” the standard written form of nggak. The difference between both groups is not significant. Nevertheless, the study

shows how written forms represent the spoken forms, and how young generations in Jakarta perceive it.

Keywords: variation, children, adolescent, written form, negation

#


15 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

MAINTENANCE OF LOCAL IDENTITY THROUGH INTERGENERATIONAL MOTHER TONGUE CONTINUITY IN MULTILINGUAL TOURISM SOCIETY

(SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY AT CARITA BEACH AND TANJUNG LESUNG)

Lilis Siti Sulistyaningsih, Mahmud Fasya, Yulia Pertiwi Faisol, Septia Sari Wulandari,

& Riska Listhya


Language is a central feature of human identity and a symbol of strong ethnic identity (Spolsky, 1999). The variety of languages in the world shows the diversity of

local identity and wisdom. This is a valuable cultural treasure that deserves to be preserved. In an area, usually there is not only one language, but also several

languages. Chaer & Agustina (2014) revealed that the condition is called multilingualism. Such conditions can be seen in the tourism area of Carita Beach and

Tanjung Lesung. The people use the Indonesian language to facilitate the activities of communicating with both tourists and with fellow people of different tribes.

Indirectly, this condition will cause the language shift from each local language into Indonesian language. If it persists, it will result in the language death which also

affects the loss of local identity. One of the efforts to prevent these threats is by passing on the mother tongue in the family. This is in line with the opinion of

Kridalaksana (1985) which states that if the community speaks the language that has been inherited, the language will remain alive. Based on the exposure, this

research has a purpose to describe the intergenerational mother tongue continuity conducted by Carita Beach and Tanjung Lesung community as an effort to

preserve local identity. The problem solving in this study used a theoretical sociolinguistic approach and a qualitative methodological approach. The data in this

research are sourced from Carita Beach and Tanjung Lesung communities obtained by research instrument of interview package of Sundanese Language Survey

“Basa Urang Project” (Cohn, et al., 2013). The data taken in the form of a list of the intensity of the use of various languages by the public and information about the

inheritance of language conducted by the community to offspring. The steps taken in this research data analysis using the model advocated by Miles and

Huberman (1984), namely data reduction, display data, and conclusion drawing/verification.

Keywords: local identity, intergenerational mother language continuity, multilingualism

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE WORD AKAN ON THE EDUCATIONAL ARTICLE

IN THE FIVE NEWSPAPERS DIFFERING PERIOD

Majid Ariyoga


As the time progressed, the usage of language in the newspaper slowly changed. Language as a tool of the human mind and culture also evolved to adapt to the

changes. Social context and periodic development were the main cause why language changes and varies. One example of language changes found in national

newspapers was the usage of the word akan in the five educational articles from different period. The author attempted to analyze the chronolect of word akan in

the educational article of the five Indonesia newspapers differing periods, namely Soeloeh Peladjar printed in 1913; Tjahaja in 1943; Kedaulatan Rakjat in 1955,

1990 and 2017. The research problem of this paper was how the word akan can be explained its differentiation based on chronological context. The purpose of this

research was to reveal the differences and changes occurring in the word akan in such five national newspapers. The methodology paradigm applied in this

research was qualitative descriptive. The author analyzed this research data by using theory of lexical and grammatical of semantics, theory of syntax, and

language variation. The result showed that the usage of the word akan in the article of olden newspaper was more various than the other newspapers at the time

thereafter. This was caused by the usage of the word akan at the olden time had a broader meaning so that it could be implemented in several different contexts.

Keywords: chronolect, akan, variation, linguistic changes.

LANGUAGE VARIATION IN THE FAMILY OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE BORDER OF TIMOR LESTE AND MALAKA REGENCY

#


16 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Maria Magdalena Namok Nahak

Universitas Timor

This paper describes the language varieties in Malaka Regency, a district directly adjacent to the territory of the country of Timor Leste. As a border region of two

countries, the social community in this region consist of various tribes and languages that are acculturated. In this area, Tetun Language is the most dominant

language, beside Bunak and Dawan. Tetun language itself consist of some dialects, such as Tetun Dili/Suai dialect, Foho dialect and fehan dialect. In order to

know the language condition in this area, a research was done to described language repertoire specially in family domain. This study uses observations and

interviews using the techniques involved free refer proficient The second data conducted by interview and documentation. Both methods are used tool of record

and record field. The data is validated with tringulasi techniques. The repertoire of language in society-Timor Leste border region of Malaka in ranah family in the

district of Malaka can be either: (1) a wide repertoire of Indonesian non-formal, (2) the repertoire Indonesian formal diversity, (3) the repertoire was overcome local

language Tetum Suai and (4) repertoire and Tetum Tetum Foho Fehan in the district of Malacca.

Language variations in border communities Timles-Malaka in the realm of the family in the district of Malaka can be either: (1) code switching and (2) code-mixing.

Form over the code include: interpreting and code switching over speech level. Rather than the language code in the form consists of: (1) BI into BTD, (2) BI into

BT-DF, (3) BT-DFO into BI, (4) BT-DS into BI, (5) BT DM into the BT-DS, (6) BT-DS into BT-DM.

Keywords: language variations, code switching, code-mixing

Dialectal Variation in Javanese of Kendal, Central Java

Menik Lestari & Sri Munawarah


Kendal is a regency on the north coast of central Java between Batang and Semarang. Javanese is the language used throughout central Java with several

dialects postulated. A number of these dialects of Javanese are spoken in areas neighboring Kendal: the Semarsuradupati dialect in the east, the Pekalongan

dialect in the west, and the Wonosobo dialect in the south. Kendal is of interest from a linguistic perspective because it is obviously situated in the context of areas

where geographical variation is known to exist, but we do not yet have any dialectology or other studies that give a clear picture of what the language situation in

Kendal is like. This study attempts to provide just such a picture, based on field work for language mapping. The research uses established methods in dialectology

to gather data on 236 words consisting of 200 Swadesh basic words, 11 prepositions, greetings and reference words, and 25 words from the semantic field of

kinship. The results go to show whether there is any variation at the level of dialect of Javanese in the area and also identify a number of lexical items or phonemic

features that are distinctive of the area. The analysis and discussion also draw on evidence from lexicography, natural environment features and cultural and

historical factors.

Keywords: Dialectology, Central Java, language situation, and language variation

THE ACCEPTABLE INDIGENOUS AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO THE ACCEPTABLE INDONESIA LANGUAGE SHIFTING: SOCIOLINGUISTICS CASE

STUDY ON UNS PRINT AND COPY AREA OVERVIEWED WITHIN TRANSLATION STUDIES

Mochamad Nuruz Zaman , M. Rosyidi , Asep Budiman

Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)

1 2 3

#


17 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

If there are two languages in contact, there will be a problematic situation, language shift. When language is dominating, the dominated one should be maintained

unless it will be potentially endangered, it will undergo some changes in structure and translation. They happened in UNS print and copy area, customers and

employees interact by using Javanese and English terms. They are well customized use them in printing papers, copying data, searching materials, uploading and

downloading references. Unfortunately, Indonesia language applied as the minor blended one. Based on the research gap above, a case study applied in

sociolinguistics approach about acceptable indigenous and foreign language to acceptable Indonesia language shifting overviewed within translation study. The

research has a goal to explain how far those languages affect to Indonesia language and their effects to translation quality. Research design is descriptive

qualitative. Its locations are divided as focus determined boundary that consist of UNS print and copy area (setting), customer, employee, and researcher

(participant), and translation quality (event). Sources of data are document and informant with the purposive data sampling. The data collection techniques are

document analysis (script) and recording (transactional interaction). Their data validation presented by using source of data and methods triangulation techniques.

Then data analysis delineated by four stages, they are domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme analysis (Santosa, 2014: 67). Those data can be

concluded that first translator whom in un-translation studies background empowers the indigenous language in data 1 and 4, and the foreign language in data 2

and 3. They support to national language in 50%. Meanwhile, that second translator whom in un-translation studies background empowers the indigenous language

in data 1, 2 and 4, and the foreign language in data. They also support to national language in 75%. The research findings showed that four indigenous languages

are two acceptable as Indonesia language shifting (50%) and two unacceptable as Indonesia language shifting (50%). Meanwhile, the two foreign languages are

three acceptable as Indonesia language shifting (75%) and one unacceptable as Indonesia language shifting (25%) Furthermore, the supports of first translator in

translation techniques are established equivalent, omission, transposition, and addition. Then, the supports of first translator in translation techniques are

established equivalent, omission, and transposition. In conclusion, those languages have a great contributions in sociolinguistics and translations study through

their shifting.

Keyword: indigenous language, foreign language, Indonesia language, translation technique, translation quality

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE ON KUANG BARU COMMUNITY

Muh. Ardian Kurniawan & Roni Amrulloh

Hamzanwadi University

One of the important roles of language is becoming an identity of the speaker’s community. Despite living in the center of Sasak tribe area, the Kuang Baru

community who have Samawa ethnic are still using their original language to communicate each other. However, Sasak language is acknowledged as the most

language used in Lombok Island and Bahasa has begun to be taught at every level of school expected to influence the existence of Samawa language in this

village in the future. This paper aims to discuss the maintenance of Samawa language in Kuang Baru Village in East Lombok. The data was collected by using

simak and cakap method. Data was analyzed by combining diachronic (lexicostatistics) method and synchronic method (padan ekstralingual). The results show that

the people in Kuang Baru Village still maintaining their Samawa language. It is indicated with the strong role of Samawa language in some usage setting, such as

family, friendship, and technology. That is also supported by a factor of pride in the “uniqueness” of their language compared to other language spoken in other

villages, cultural awareness of the community identity, and the language transmission which is continuous from generation to generation.

Keywords: Language preserve, Samawa Language, Kuang Baru Village, Sociolinguistic.

LANGUAGE CHANGE AND CORPUS PLANNING: THE CASE OF INDONESIAN

Umar Muslim1.


The purpose of this paper is to criticize the practice of Indonesian corpus planning which aims at developing a logical language, that is a language whose rules

follow logical thinking—whatever it means. To develop a logical language, many language planners prescribe rules to be adopted by the speakers. Any variation or

change within the language is considered a corruption if it does not to conform logical thinking according to the planners’ view. The rules prescribed by language

planners in reality are not always followed by the speakers. When this happens, language planners usually blame the speakers for their ignorance, laziness, or

#


18 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

illogical thinking. Such a practice of corpus planning is at odd with the fact that language is a convention, it varies, and it is continuously changing. Good language

planners have to take into a consideration these three facts if they want their prescribed rules to be adopted by the speakers. There are many examples that show

that many rules in Indonesian prescribed by language planners are not followed by many Indonesian speakers. Part of the reasons why the rules are not followed

by the speakers, as will be shown in this paper, is that the rules are made without considering their origin and development. The data of this study related to

prescribed rules are taken from books and articles written by various Indonesian language planners, whereas the data related to the origin and development of

language rules are taken from various written texts, such as novels.

Keywords: language change, convention, corpus planning, Indonesian, variation

AFFIXATION STRUCTURE CHANGES OF BAHASA INDONESIA ON NEWSPAPER ARTICLES OF THE 1800S, 1900S, AND 2000S PERIODS

Muzainah Nurazijah


Language is always in a state of change (Aitchison, 2004; Trask, 2010; Keller, 1994). The changes can be seen in a very fast time frame, but more often in a slowly

time thus the changes are not seen directly in a moment. To see the process of language change, we can find it by paying attention to language as spoken or by

language as communication system that show in written language. Koran as a written language saw how the language used by community with the real time. This

study was conducted by using descriptive analysis method. This study aims to find out the changes in Indonesian language structure in three periods of time, the

1800s, 1900s, and 2000s. The theory of affixation which explain by Kridalaksana (1989), and looking at the changes from time to time will use as main theory. This

research focused on the morphology term of affixation. Data were obtained from articles that taken from newspapers published during that period (Bianglala, 1869;

Bintang Timor, 1885; Kompas, 1933 & 1966, and Kompas, 2017). This study shows that there are changes in the affixation pattern from time to time, which is on

the rules of writing, especially in the di- prefix that is indistinguishable form di as preposition, because there is no consistency of the use of the discontinuity of the

forecasts, then the prefix -me, the prefix ka-, the prefix ke-, the suffix -i, suffix -ken, suffix –kan, and suffix –an have also a different pattern in each period,

especially when the affix used in the combination of affixes structure.

Keywords: Affixation, language change, morphology

THE SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF WOIRATA

AN ENDANGERED LANGUAGE ON KISAR ISLAND, SOUTHWEST MALUKU, INDONESIA

Nazarudin

Universitas Indonesia/Leiden University Center for Linguistics

Southwest Maluku is home to 24 languages, of which 23 of them are Austronesian, and only one of them is non-Austronesian: Woirata (Taber, 1993). Woirata is

spoken on Kisar Island, together with the three other languages: Meher, Local Malay, and Indonesian. De Jong (1937) suggests that there are 1500 speakers of

Woirata. As an endangered language having only a few numbers of speakers, Woirata’s struggle to survive is an interesting story. Therefore, this paper aims to

investigate the language use and language attitude of Woirata speakers on Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku, Indonesia.

Indonesian language is used as the national language and is also nationally acknowledged as the language of education. However, instead of formal Indonesian,

Woirata speakers tend to use the Melayu Tenggara Jauh (MTJ) more often than Indonesian (Engelenhoven, 2002). Even though the questionnaire reveals that they

use Indonesian on their daily activities, the type of Indonesian used appears to be the typical dialect of local Malay: Melayu Tenggara Jauh (MTJ). Speakers under

30 years old use MTJ when they speak to speakers from other languages and sometimes they even use MTJ at home when talking to their parents and other family

members.

#


19 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Woirata speakers indicate that their grandparents’ generation used to be very fluent in Meher. In fact, they also used Meher as the lingua franca of the island at that

time. Most of the traditional songs in Woirata were sung in Meher, because they wanted Meher people to understand the songs and thus feel intimidated. During

that period, the songs mostly shared the story of Woirata’s ancestors as the real lords of the land. Since the introduction of local Malay (or borrowing the term from

Engelenhoven, Melayu Tenggara Jauh) as their lingua franca, the use of Meher by Woirata speaker is declining. Currently, the old generations of Woirata (60 – 80

years old) are no longer able to speak Meher. They would rather choose using MTJ or Indonesian as their lingua franca.

Keywords: sociolinguistics, language use, language attitude, language contact

THE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND LANGUAGE SHIFT OF MADURESE STYLISTIC LEVEL AMONG YOUTHS IN SUMENEP REGENCY, MADURA

ISLAND, EAST JAVA.

Nur Awaliyah Putri

Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sumenep Regency is considered as the center of Madurese culture and its people emphasize the importance of a stylistic level to speak to other people who are

younger, same age or older than them. This research aims to find out the language maintenance and shift of Madurese stylistic level among youths in Sumenep

Regency. The writer focuses on three Madurese stylistic levels which are enjâ’ iya (used to younger addressee), éngghi enten (used to same age addressee) and

éngghi bunten (used to older addressee). The writer chooses as many as 50 youths, consisted of 25 females and 25 males, with age ranged from 14 to 18 years

old as the respondents of this research. The writer asks them to fill in questionnaire items focused on the respondents’ self-perception about the proficiency and the

usage of enjâ’ iya, éngghi enten and éngghi bunten, and the language attitude towards Madurese. The writer analyzes the data by using descriptive statistic

technique. The result shows that there is a maintenance of the usage of enjâ’ iya to speak to younger people, and the usage of éngghi bunten to speak to older

people, and there is a shift of the usage of éngghi enten to enjâ’ iya to speak to people with same age. In addition, the results also show that the language attitude

of youths in Sumenep Regency towards Madurese as their culture and identity indicates a positive sign.

Keywords: Language Maintenance, Language Shift, Madurese, Stylistic Level, Sociolinguistics

THE USE OF SONG TITLES IN SPOTIFY PLAYLIST TO EXPRESS THE AFFECTION

Nur Fathia Rahma Fauzia


Music is the variety of sounds and rhythms that are heard by many people every day. There are some ways to listen to the music. In the Internet and in the digital

world, it is possible to listen to the music through a digital music streaming service, for example Spotify. To access Spotify, users need to create an account, be a

member, and then subscribe every month. After that, users are able to play thousands of songs, create playlists, and listen to other Spotify users’ playlists. Users

are also possible to listen to the music on some devices, such as smartphone, computer, and smart television. Most members use Spotify only as a music

streaming service to listen to the music. In actual fact, Spotify offer users an opportunity to describe and share feeling through song titles and playlists. Users are

able to take advantage of the song title in Spotify playlist as a creative medium to express their affection.

Based on that background, the author explores and identifies the use of song titles in Spotify playlist to express the affection. To obtain the result of research, the

method used is qualitative method. The corpus is the song titles in the playlist created by Spotify user. If the song titles in the playlist are sorted, it will become a

sentence. Then the author identifies and analyzes the linguistic features that reflect the relationship between the use of the song titles in Spotify playlist and the

attitude of Spotify user, for example to express the affection. The author also focuses on communication through Spotify playlist. To get the access to the Spotify

playlist, the author creates an account and becomes one of the Spotify members. Better understanding of Spotify can offer strategies for users for insight into the

way language is used in a wider society and in a digital world.

#


20 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Keywords: Song title, feeling, language use, gender, Spotify

THE INTERPLAY OF SOCIAL VARIABLES IN WALIKAN

Nurenzia Yannuar

Leiden University/Universitas Negeri Malang

The paper focuses on how Walikan, a youth language from Malang, Indonesia, is spoken across different gender and age groups. As youth languages are typically

associated with boys, I first investigate the extent to which women and girls take part in or have influence on Walikan. Second, I analyze the forms of Walikan in

different age groups. My analysis includes a systematic comparison of sociolinguistic questionnaires and spoken data from a balanced number of male and female

speakers from different age groups. The results of the study reflect a preliminary attempt to understand how male youth language can enter the speech domains of

females and middle aged individuals. Its findings can inform sociolinguistic descriptions of youth languages in Indonesia and in general.

Keywords: youth language, East Javanese, variety, gender, age

IS SUNDANESE SHIFTED BY BAHASA INDONESIA?

Ramdan Sukmawan

Muhammadiyah University of Sukabumi

Sundanese is spoken by mostly Sundanese society in the area of Sukabumi municipality in their social interaction. It is not only Sundanese but also Bahasa

Indonesia is spoken by Sundanese society in their daily life. It can say that Sundanese society who lives in the area of Sukabumi municipality is societal

bilingualism. Yet, if it is concerning with the use of Sundanese from time to time particularly in Sukabumi municipality, there is a tendency recently that Sundanese

society do not want to speak Sundanese in most of their social interaction. It is shown from the frequency of Sundanese use in daily communication activity. The

Sundanese shift is concerned with the practical use of Bahasa Indonesia, the prestige of Sundanese nowadays, modernization, and education at school which

compels student to speak Bahasa Indonesia. The paper aims at describing Sundanese language shift. It is interesting to study the shift of Sundanese use by

Bahasa Indonesia and how Sundanese society corcern to their language in this case. The research method uses descriptive method, which is conducted by seeing

the fact of Sundanese language shift in the area of Sukabumi municipality. The data were collected by in depth interview and giving questioner.

Keywords: Language shift, Sundanese, Sukabumi

INNOVATION OF SUNDANESE LANGUAGE DIALECT IN BREBES REGENCY: PHONOLOGICAL ANAYSIS USING GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY

Rozan Fahreza, Muhammad Ihsan

Universitas Diponegoro

Every language naturally has the same possibility to make innovation. Pei (1966:26) stated that the scope of “Language Innovation” includes sound shift,

morphology or meaning that comes as a result of geographical location and spreads to other territories. Indonesia with its wide region has very various

communities. There are hundreds of ethnic groups and languages in 34 provinces throughout the country. This diverse society results in the innovation of language.

Java and Sunda are known as two major local languages in Indonesia, the former has 84 million native speakers while the latter has 34 million speakers.

#


21 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Sundanese, in its development, spreads in West Java, Banten and some part of Central Java. The spread of Sundanese causes some dialects, one of the dialect is

Sundanese in Brebes. Nothofer (1977:59) revealed that Sundanese has four dialects: (1) Banten, (2) Bogor, (3) Priangan and (4) Cirebon (includes western part of

Brebes). There are two types of language innovation, which are Internal Innovation and External Innovation. This research aims to describe the innovation of

Sundanese dialect in Brebes. The study focuses on phonetic and phonological aspect of language which is visualized through language’s sound shift. The method

being used in this article is recording technique, the pronunciation of the respondents speaking Javanese language (JL) and standard Sundanese language (SSL)

are compared with Brebes sundanese language (BSL) pronunciation to find the differences. The data were analyzed using the theory of Generative phonology. The

results come with changes of sound in BSS which shows the influence of Javanese and Sundanese language in Brebes Sundanese dialect.

LANGUAGE SITUATION IN KEBUMEN REGENCY

Ratih Rahayu; Sri Munawarah, M. Hum

Universitas Indonesia,

As a language with a large number of speakers, Javanese language has a variation in the usage called dialect, one of them is Banyumas dialect or Ngapak dialect.

On the southeast side, Banyumas dialect area coverage is bounded by Kebumen Regency. Sub-district Prembun (one of the subdistricts in Kebumen) and

surrounding areas referred to as the transition region of Yogyakarta dialect or standar dialect, while the Kebumen Regency itself is referred to as the bounday area

of Banyumas dialect. As a meeting place between Banyumas dialect and Yogyakarta dialect, Javanese language in Kebumen Regency influenced by the two

dialects. Formulation of this research problem is “How the language situation in Kebumen based on study of dialectology?” Further, language situation to be

discussed related to variation of phonological and lexical variety influenced by Banyumas and standard dialect. The purpose of this study is to explain linguistic

situation in Kebumen District through the exposure of phonological variations and lexical variations influenced by Banyumas dialect and standard dialect. Data is

collected at 26 subdistricts in Kebumen Regency using questionnaire. Techniques used in data collection are structured interviews. Meanwhile, the list of questions

used are Swadesh basic vocabulary and basic vocabulary of the function word. The further data processing is done by creating isoglos and counting of

dialectometri. The result of this study indicates that in Kebumen there is no dialect or language difference. The Javanesse language used in Kebumen is

Banyumasan dialect or Ngapak dialect. This is in accordance with the recognition of the speakers community that they use the Banyumasan or Ngapak dialect. In

addition, there are phonological variations and lexical variations. Phonological variations and lexical variations are influenced by Banyumasan dialect and

Yogyakarta dialect. It is found special vocabularies in Javanesse language in Kebumen.

Keywords: dialectology, Javanesse language, phonological variation, lexical variation, isogloss

LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: KINDSHIP SYSTEM OF BATAK SIMALUNGUN ETHNIC

Rodearta Purba

Universitas Negeri Medan

Batak Simalungun is one of ethnics in Indonesia, exactly located in North Sumatra province. The statement that structure of a language determines the way in

which the speakers of that language view the world is still debatable. In relation to this, the objectives of this study are: (1) to describe how Batak Simalungun ethnic

create the kinship system, especially the terms of address, (2) to describe the use of terms of address in Batak Simalungun ethnic, and (3) to analyze the terms of

address semantically fit into Indonesian language. The data of the terms of address were gathered from two qualified informants. They are considered qualified

informants because they are native speakers (52 and 65 years old), got experience in leading cultural ceremonies of Batak Simalungun. To have a deeper

understanding of the terms of address, both the informants were asked some questions by the writer. The result of the study shows that the kinship system was

created based on blood, marga (family name) and the relationship in the society. The terms of address of Batak Simalungun were used by Simalungun people

when they speak among themselves using Simalungun language or Indonesian. Sometimes they also use the terms of address when they speak to other ethnics.

Semantically, some of the terms of address can be analyzed but some do not. In short, they create them arbitrary. Besides, other ethnics sometimes use the terms

of address inappropriately because they make an analogy to Indonesian language, and consequently it breaks the communication.

Keywords—Kinship; Batak Simalungun; Marga (family name); Addressing

#


22 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

THE USE OF SUNDANESE ON IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

FROM PARENTS TO CHILDREN

Sonya P. Suganda


In the life of every individual, it can be almost assured that he/she grew up in a specific linguistic environment. The language he/she acquired came from his/her

closest environment since his/her childhood, which he/she then uses in his/her daily life throughout his/her adolescence. This language will then turn into his/her

native tongue. Even so, there are many occurrences where a person grows up in two different languages. This normally happens to children of bi-national

marriages or people who live in a region where both the national language and a local language are equally present.

The paper is based on the writer’s personal experience, who grew up in two different languages, namely Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) and Sundanese. To her,

Indonesian is a more dominant language because it has a wider area of usage. Sundanese is only used in her family and with her closest friends, and in a very

specific context, i.e. while making casual conversations. The usage of Sundanese is also very restricted. The communication in Sundanese is mainly initiated by

parents, delivered from parents to children, and not vice versa. The context in which the parents use Sundanese is only while producing imperative sentences, and

not for conversational purposes.

This language phenomenon can be examined through various perspectives in linguistics, ranging from the perspective of language acquisition, dialectology, to

sociolinguistics. This paper will examine the data using theories of sociolinguistics from Löffler (2015) on functiolect (language usage based on its function). The

objective of the paper is to further classify the so-called “daily language” ‘Alltagsprache’, as one of the forms of functiolect. Qualitative approach is used in this

paper, and the datas were based from the writer’s personal experience that was gathered from the familial environment of the writer.

Keywords: native language/tongue, Sundanese, imperative sentences, functiolect.

A DIALECTOLOGY STUDY OF LAMPUNG-KOMERING RELATIONSHIP IN PRINGSEWU REGENCY OF LAMPUNG PROVINCE

Suprayogi

Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia

This study aimed at revealing the relationship between Lampung isolect and Komering isolect spoken in Pringsewu Regency of Lampung, whether both of them

belong to same language or not. This study was conducted in a Lampung Pesisir community village, Lampung Pubian community village and a Komering

community village by analyzing wordlist which consists of 200 words of Swadesh, 52 words of body parts and 98 words of activities. The relationship of the both

lect or the “language distance” was measured by using Seguy’s dialectometry with percentage range proposed by Lauder. The result of this study showed that

Lampung Pesisir isolect and Komering isolect had 29,6% of differences in their lexicon. Meanwhile, between Lampung Pubian isolect and Komering isolect, the

lexical differences reached 31,7%, which means that both of them are in idiolect differences. This close relationship between both languages was also reflected in

sound correspondences and sound change variatons. The sound [a] in Lampung Pubian isolect corresponds to the sound [ɔ] in Komering isolect and Lampung

Pubian. The sound [ə] in Pesisir subdialect and Pubian subdialect of Lampung language correspond to sound [a] in Komering Language. The evidence of this close

relationship was also shown by lexical variations based on assimilation and sincope. This study concluded that both languages are linguistically same despte their

cultural claim as different language.

Keywords: dialectology, Komering, Lampung, lexical, sound correspondence.

SEARCHING THE MINTUL WORDS ‘BLUNT‘ AS A GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION SUNDANESE LANGUAGE

Wahya, Fatimah Djajasudarma, Fatimah Djajasudarma, & Elvi Citraresmana

Universitas Padjajaran

#


23 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

Blunt concept is a universal concept known in the languages of the world. This word includes the word in the 200 word Swadesh List. In Sundanese the concept of

blunt is expressed by the word mintul. The word mintul includes a standard Sundanese or Sundanese vocabulary. Based on several researches of dialect

geography (Nothofer, 1977, Prawiraatmaja et al., 1979, Suriamiharja et al., 1984; Wahya, 1995, 2005; Wahya et al., 2016), this word has variations as a

geographical dialect. In addition to the known spell, in some places also known other words, such as montul, kodol, and medu ‘. The word mintul and montul each

show different dialects in Sundanese, ie, i-u, and o-u, dialects. Both dialects have different geographic distributions. Diacronically the word mintul and montul is the

original word of Sundanese. The word kodol, and medu ‘ is a form of innovation. In subsequent developments, the word mintul has a large geographic area. That is,

the i-u dialect is known more than the o-u dialect. Are there other geographical variations for the word mintul and how is its geographical distribution in the

Sundanese language use area? This paper will try to discuss this issue, either synchronously or diakronis.

Keywords: variation, innovation, geographic dialect, synchronous, and diachronic.

CODE MIXING ON SIGNAGES OF PUBLIC SPACE IN MEDAN

Windha Zulhernanda

Universitas Negeri Medan

This research investigated the uses of code mixing into English in signage in public space in Medan. The aim of this study were to find out : 1) the types of code

mixing used in the signage in public space in Medan, 2) the reason of using code mixing in signage in public space in Medan. The data were taken from public

space in Medan as many as 50 signages which contain using English only, Using Indonesian only and code mixing with english. The data analyzed based on the

linguistics form of code mixing by Muysken’s Theory and the reason of code mixing by analyzed the pattern of the words and social class and the nature of

products advertised influence what variety is used. The result after clasification the types of code mixing were insertions have 17 signages (65,39%), alternation

have null signage (0%), and congruents lexicalization have 9 signages (34,61%), based on the result, the use of the current English language in signages in

Medans’ Public Space is equally influential as Indonesian. there are some words that have become the language used everyday by the audience and people who

have many who understand the word, rather than the meaning of the word using the Indonesian language. so the status code mixing using the current English

language, no longer for grab the readers attention, but the public has very understanding the meaning of the word

Keywords : Insertion, Alternation, Congruents Lexicalization, Signages

METAPHORS IN A HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM: A SOCIO-COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Yu-Chun Yang

National Taiwan University

The current study aims to explore what kind of metaphors are used in a strictly hierarchical system, and how these metaphors reveal the attitudes, ideologies and

identity towards the particular social circumstance. As a case study, this paper examines how young males conceptualize the obligatory military service in Taiwan.

The theoretical framework of this study includes conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and blending theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 1998). Since

conceptual metaphors reflect humans’ understandings from varied embodied experiences, due to the military service as an obligation for adult men in Taiwan, the

use of metaphors reveals their collected conceptualization towards the system. Based on the materials from the two online BBS forums, four salient metaphors are

identified, e.g., humans in military service system are animals, military camp is underworld, military service life is a play and military service is slavery. We obtain

three main findings. Firstly, metaphors reflect the draftees’ construal of the system, illustrating their attitudes and ideologies as social cognition (van Dijk, 2001), and

their identity as a member of subordinates. Secondly, metaphors in a hierarchical system such as in the military service further demonstrate the draftees’ critical

#


24 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

thinking, the euphemistic function of language, and the emotional disclosure function. Thirdly, the use of metaphors is highly correlated with the social experiences

derived from the military service and is meanwhile accompanied with the disapproval and resistance to the system.

Keywords: conceptual metaphor, attitude, ideology, identity, hierarchical system, military service in Taiwan

THREE DIFFERENT SAGA PUBLISHED IN 1875, 1946, AND 2017

Yuniasri


This paper presents the changes of Bahasa in Indonesia’s saga that published in three newspapers from different periods of time in which allegedly occur in

different periods of time with 71 years gap. The purpose of the analysis is to uncover the process, movement, and pattern of change in a language, especially

Bahasa, from past to present that generate a new modification. It aims to reveal any formation or transformation from certain years so that the changes in Bahasa

can be noticed, learned, and even predicted through the saga that exist in two periods of era, pre- and post independence’s day of Indonesia. In consequence, the

method of analysis uses qualitative methodology as for describing the interpretation of the analysis data and finding since the method means and stresses for

research based on real life issues as the data research. The technique of analysis is a diachronic approach done by determining, comparing and analysing its

internal changes from each saga published by three different newspapers with different stage years. The changes in internal part of language includes its nature

properties in which constitute micro elements such as the sounds, formations, arrangements and interpretations of the words in Bahasa.Thus, the analysis applies

micro linguistics theory to examine the data such as phonology, semantics, morphology and syntax as the groundwork of traditional view of language change in

internal factor. The analysis findings show indications that changes in Bahasa indeed occurred in from 1875, 1946, and 2017 with a various pattern such as

substitution in certain sounds, specification in compositions, and transformation in meanings of words.

Key words: Change, language, Bahasa, analysis, years.

ACOUSTIC DESCRIPTION OF ACEHNESE MONOPHTHONG VOWELS: FEMALE VS. MALE SPEAKERS FROM EAST ACEH

Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf , Ika Apriani Fata, and Teuku Mohammad Aulia

Universitas Syiah Kuala

This research aims to describe the Acehnese monophthong vowel qualities produced by the female and male speakers of the North Aceh dialect in Aceh. Previous

studies have described the characteristics of these vowels acoustically, nevertheless, these studies only focused on the female speakers. This study intends to fill in

the research gap by also investigating the male speakers. Purposive sampling was used to select five female and five male speakers as the participants. Data were

collected and analyzed in the Phonetics Laboratory at Syiah Kuala University. The vowels were collected through elicitations of ten Acehnese target words (adapted

from Pillai & Yusuf, 2012) articulated in carrier sentences. The recordings were saved in WAV files, and Praat software version 6.0.14 (Boersma & Weenink, 2016)

was used to analyze the qualities of the vowels. The first two formants (F1 and F2) were cues for their acoustic description. Based on the average values of the

formants and t-tests, the results showed that each vowel quality between the female and male speakers is significantly different. The vowel space of the female

speakers is also seen to be lower and more fronted compared to the vowel space of the male speakers, which is seen to be higher and more back. Hence, this

study has revealed the approximate values and measurements of the Acehnese monophthong vowel qualities produced by female and male speakers as a

scientific documentation that can benefit future research in Acehnese language variation, language change, and dialectology.

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE OF THE TIONGHUA SPEAKERS TOWARDS THEIR HERITAGE LANGUAGE IN ACEH

Zulfadli A. Aziz, Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf*, Siti Raisha and Nurul Kamaliah

Universitas Syiah Kuala

*

#


25 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

(c) 2016 Departemen Linguistik - Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia

The Khek tribe is one of the dominant Chinese or Tionghua tribes who settle in Aceh. The language they use is one of the common ways of identifying themselves.

The main aim of this study is to investigate the language use, efforts and challenges of these speakers in maintaining their heritage language, in this case, Khek.

The respondents were four Tionghua adults and two children residing in the Peunayong area, Banda Aceh. A qualitative approach was used and, hence, interviews

were conducted to collect the data. The questions asked were to explore the language use of the Tionghua towards their heritage language, their efforts to keep the

language alive in their community, and the challenges they face in maintaining the language. The results indicate that the respondents still strongly maintain Khek in

the home and among close friends. Khek is also regarded as an important part of their Tionghua identity, and so a way of preserving the language is by still using it

among family members in the home. Challenges faced in preserving their language are from the environment of a majority of Acehnese and Indonesian speakers,

and the educational school system that prioritizes Indonesian and English in the curriculum, among others. Thus, the need for using Khek is restricted only in the

home domain. The paper further describes the efforts made by the adults in preserving Khek to their generations. Nonetheless, the respondents agree that a more

serious support from their own community and the local government is needed for the maintenance of their heritage language for generations to come.

Keywords: Language maintenance, efforts, challenges, Khek Chinese, Aceh.

#


26 of 26 5/22/18, 3:48 PM

International Seminar on Sociolinguistics and Dialectology: Identity, Attitude, and Language Variation “Changes and Development of Language in Social Life” 2017

278

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE OF THE TIONGHUA SPEAKERS TOWARDS THEIR HERITAGE LANGUAGE IN ACEH

Zulfadli A. Aziz, Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf, Siti Raisha and Nurul Kamaliah Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The Khek tribe is one of the dominant Chinese or Tionghua tribes settling in Aceh. The language they use is one of the common ways of identifying themselves. The main aim of this study is to investigate the language use, efforts, and challenges of these speakers in maintaining their heritage language, in this case, Khek. The respondents were four Tionghua adults and two children residing in the Peunayong area, Banda Aceh. A qualitative approach was used, and interviews were conducted to collect the data. The questions asked were to explore the language use of the Tionghua towards their heritage language, their efforts to keep the language alive in their community, and the challenges they face in maintaining the language. The results indicate that the respondents still strongly maintain Khek in the home and among close friends. Khek is also regarded as an important part of their Tionghua identity, so a way of preserving the language is by still using it among family members in the home. Challenges faced in preserving their language are from the environment of a majority of Acehnese and Indonesian speakers, and the educational school system that prioritizes Indonesian and English in the curriculum, among others. Thus, the need for using Khek is restricted only in the home domain. The paper further describes the efforts made by the adults in preserving Khek to their generations. Nonetheless, the respondents agree that a more serious support from their own community and the local government is needed for the maintenance of their heritage language for generations to come. Keywords: Language maintenance, efforts, challenges, Khek Chinese, Aceh.

INTRODUCTION Aceh is one of a good representative of multi-ethnic and multilingual community in Indonesia. The population of Aceh consists of various ethnic and language diversity, and it is made up of Acehnese (90% of the population), Gayonese, Alas, Tamiang, Ulu Singkil, Kluet, Aneuk Jamee, Simeulu and some other small ethnic groups (McCulloch, 2005). Each of this ethnic generally has its own language. Therefore, the multi-ethnic region potentially raises a multilingual speech community in which people from various ethnics live in one region and speak various languages to each other. Among other ten ethnics in Aceh mentioned above, Chinese ethnic group is one of the minority groups in Aceh. This group is considered as a minority community since this group has a small population, representing about 0.34 % of the local population (Ananta, Arifin & Bachtiar, 2008). This ethnic group is formed of the people migrating from China periodically a long time ago. The reasons of their migration were caused by several factors, including the difficulty of housing, political and economy factors (Lim & Mead, 2011). They settled in Aceh and a majority of them become traders in certain regions. Generally, based on the empirical studies, the standardized language of this ethnic is Mandarin, and the spoken language in their intra-ethnics is varied in different sub-groups. Peunayong is known as the Chinatown of Banda Aceh because most of Chinese community live in the area more than others in the capital of Aceh Province. As a minority community, Chinese in Peunayong live in a multilingual society in which many people use Indonesian and Acehnese as languages of daily communication. The Chinese language is only used when the Tionghua community communicate among their ethnic group. From this minority group, Khek Chinese tribe is regarded as quite the large population of Tionghua in Banda Aceh.

mailto:[email protected]





279

The minority language parents may have come across many obstacles in bringing up their children using Khek. This is a common phenomenon that exists in every minority groups living among a majority group (Yusuf, Pillai & Ali, 2013). Investigating what the Tionghua parents have done to support their children in maintaining Chinese is an interesting issue. To determine minority language status, one should look at the tendency between generations and the relative proportion of the people who speak the language as their mother tongue to the people who speak it as foreign language or a second language in terms of the overall population of the minority group. Language maintenance is the solution to keep their language to always exist. Language maintenance is the degree to which an individual or groups continue to use their language, particularly in bilingual or multilingual area or among immigrant group. In language maintenance, the languages in contact may have a co-existence of stable relationship. Fishman (1989, p. 77) defines language maintenance as “the process and pursuit of intergenerational linguistic continuity”. Fase, Jaspert and Kroon (1992) define language maintenance as the retention, use and proficiency in the language. Hene, in this regard, language maintenance in this study refers to the situation where the Khek speech community continues to use this mother tongue in their daily life among a multilingual society. One common issue in a multilingual community is language use. When people need to utter a message, they make choice of what language would be used to different interlocutor, setting, and topic. Similarly, Agam, Matu and Ongorora (2012) affirm that the individual language use depends on whom the speaker is talking to, about what he/she is talking, and where the talk is taken place. Quite similarly, Holmes (2001) describes that the social network of a community creates the pattern of language use of the people. Parents have important roles in maintaining their mother tongue to their children, who actually have the authority and independence to use a certain language for their communication. The language is the means of communication from one generation to the next. Fishman (1991) suggests that efforts to save language must precisely deal with the intergenerational transmission of mother tongue and this is, to a large extent, a family and community issue. For political reasons, government of Indonesia has set up Indonesian as the higher variety of language which is used in formal settings, such as in school and other formal institutions. As a result, many local languages have become minority languages including Chinese. In addition, the role of the home and family is commonly acknowledged as being central to the transmission of minority language (Jones & Morris, 2007). Luo and Wiseman (2000) found out that parents, especially mothers, serve as important language models for shaping children’s language behaviour when they have good family relations. Most often, language minority community tries to enhance a way of retaining and transmitting the language to the next generation, and use it appropriately in all domains. Holmes (2001) mentions ways how usually the speakers of non-dominant language wish to keep their minority language through living near and seeing each other frequently, keeping the degree and frequency of contact with homeland, avoiding intermarriage, studying at a particular school which uses its language, using language in setting such school or their place or worship and using and supporting for the language in the media, e.g. TV programmers, radio programmers, newspapers, magazines. In this regard, the research question of this study is: What are the language use, efforts and challenges of the Tionghua community in Peunayong in maintaining their heritage language? The results of this study can become input to the speakers (and the government as well) because language maintenance is an important survival tool that produces a solid ethnic identity, stimulates respect, preserves cultural and linguistic heritage, and encourages healthy family ties (Farruggio, 2010; Li-Yuan & Larke, 2008). By realizing the current situation of the Khek speakers in Banda Aceh, their own community and the local government can take steps to overcome the challenges in maintaining this heritage language for the generations to come. METHOD This study was conducted by using qualitative approach. A qualitative research is an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning of individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem (Creswell, 2009). This method was chosen because the main purpose of the study was to analyse the process of language maintenance from the respondents. This study focused on the Khek


280

Chinese ethnic group community in Peunayong, Banda Aceh because this region is quite popular as a Chinese regional commercial centre and settlement in Aceh. The respondents were four Tionghua adults and two children residing in the Peunayong area, Banda Aceh; they were chosen based on their availability and consent to participate in this research. The researchers used interviews to collect data from these respondents. The questions asked were adapted from the work of Ting (2011) and Yusuf, Pillai and Ali (2013) to explore the heritage language use of the Tionghua, their efforts to keep the language alive in their community, and the challenges they face in maintaining the language. The respondents were interviewed by using several semi structured format questions which were designed to elicit their language use and attitude, efforts and challenges in preserving Khek to their children. ANALYSIS Language Use The Tionghua community in Peunayong migrated from China since a long time ago. According to a respondent, she and her ancestor had moved from China to Indonesia because of economic problems. Her ancestor thought that it was very hard to develop their family economy in China. She has been living in Peunayong for many years since she was born, and now she is about 33 years old. She also married a Chinese man. She can speak Khek and Indonesian fluently. The Tionghua people in Peunayong seem to maintain their heritage language at home domain. The interviews with the respondents revealed that their dominant language use at home domain is a code-mix of Indonesian, Mandarin (the standardized language) and Khek. One of the respondents of this study said that she and her family still use Khek in daily use, as seen in Excerpt 1 (or E1) below. E1 “....I mostly speak Indonesian and a bit of Khek with my sisters. It is common at home that I use

Mandarin, and Khek to parents, my grandparents and great grandma. Most of the time, I speak Khek and Indonesian with my neighbours. Some of my Tionghua neighbours speak Khek or Hokkian; it depends on their ethnic group. We usually speak Khek to the Tionghua candy merchant”.

Nevertheless, there was a respondent who revealed that she and her husband tend to use Indonesian with their children, but they prefer to use Chinese with their older interlocutors. She admitted that: E2 “I speak Khek to my mother in law and my husband. But my husband and I speak Indonesian to

my children; and sometimes we also use simple Khek to them”. She reasoned that the language code-mixing between Indonesian and Khek is because the minority language is not used much outside of the home. She shifts to the official language (i.e. Indonesian) to her children as a sign of assimilation and to survive in their social circumstances outside of the house. Furthermore, Indonesian as a national and official language seems to be as bridge in their conversation outside of the home. While in the friendship domain, the Tionghua prefer to code-mix Indonesian and Khek with their Tionghua friends. However, the respondents claimed that they use less Mandarin and never use Khek in the school domain; as a result, the code-mixing of Mandarin with Indonesian is practiced at the education institution. One of the two young respondents of this study informed that: E3 “We use mostly Indonesian at school and English with my English teacher and Mandarin with

my Mandarin teacher. I mix Indonesian and Mandarin; because those languages are easy. I am used to mixing both languages (in school)”.

Efforts Another interesting thing revealed in the interview was about the respondents’ views of their heritage language. Consciously or not, the respondents indirectly do maintain their heritage language by learning Mandarin at school and using it in the intra-ethnic communication. The following excerpt reveals one of the respondents’ responses to show the strong ethnic identity and her appreciation towards Chinese as her heritage language. E4 “Khek (Chinese) is important; it is our ancestor language. My mother asks me to teach it to my

future daughter”.


281

All of the respondents, including one who mostly used Indonesian to her children as described earlier, agree that the Tionghua language should be passed on to their next generations in order to show their identity and solidarity of their community. The excerpt below shows the strong response towards their belief in the importance of maintaining their ancestor’s language. E5 “Chinese is our ethnic identity and heritage language. My children can use it for our closed

family communication, worship activity and solidarity circumstances among our people.” Thus, they also regard that learning Indonesian, the majority and official language, is beneficial for their children’s education and social life. Therefore, they want their children to be able to speak both Indonesian and Khek. To maintain Khek in the speech community, most parents use the language with their children so that it becomes their first language. They use it at home when communicating with their children and their extended family. They still communicate it with their grandparents in their daily communication, and further attend private Chinese classes held by their community for Mandarin. They watch Chinese TV programs, read Chinese books, send their children to Chinese schools in Banda Aceh, listen to Chinese songs, and visit other Tionghua families. Moreover, the adult respondents even have very strong plans to visit China to introduce their children to their home country if their economy permits. The main religions of Tionghua communities in Peunayong are Christianity and Buddhism. One of the respondents in this study was a Buddhist, and she comes for prayer to Sakyamuni Buddhist temple every week. The language used by the respondents in the religious domain is Mandarin when they speak to other Chinese at the temple. However, they use Pāli to pray and read religious texts. Pāli is commonly used for preaching of sermons and reading of religious Buddhist texts (Chowdhury, 2010). She said: E6 “I speak Khek at home and Mandarin when I go to the temple because there are other Tionghua

from other tribes. But we all use Pāli to pray. Pāli is not our daily spoken language, it is difficult”.

Challenges Nevertheless, the adult respondents admitted that they do encounter some barriers or difficulties in using Khek to their children. The family work schedule and their children school schedule have made them have little time to interact in this language. One of the respondents said that: E7 “The lack of time for me to communicate to them (i.e. my children) is because I have to work,

and they have to study. They are busy with their school tasks. In the courses they take after school, such as Math and English, much Indonesian and English are used there”.

All in all, the parents, or the four adult respondents of this study, share positive attitudes toward maintaining Khek even though they face some barriers and difficulties in doing so. They think it is important for their children to maintain it for some purposes; among them are as their ethnic identity, heritage language, close family communication, worship activity and solidarity circumstances among their people. However, because of pressure from the mainstream society, they all agree that it is hard for their children to maintain its proficiency. The hardship can be due to the lack of sufficient time because of being busy with regular school work, spending more time and activities outside (at school and courses) than at home, and learning English as an international language. Another challenge in passing on Khek to their children is that they believed it is a complicated language, for example, one word of Khek has different pronunciation and meaning. These have led them to be aware of the importance of Khek for their Chinese identity. Some things they could do and defend their support in transmitting Khek for their children is by speaking it at home. Family plays a crucial role, especially parents in passing on their attitude and beliefs about their Chinese ethnicity to their children at a very young age. Extending family members such as grandparents is also helpful in providing more exposure to Khek among grandchildren, in addition to studying Mandarin at school. CONCLUSION


282

In this study, the researchers investigated the language use, efforts and challenges of the Tionghua people in the area of Peunayong, Banda Aceh, in maintaining their heritage language, Khek. From the findings, it can be concluded that the use and shift from their heritage language to the official language generally occurs in public and formal situations, such as in the education domain. While in the public domain, particularly on the religion domain in which in intra-ethnic communication potentially exist, Mandarin, as the standardized Chinese language, is used. While in the private domain, such as in the home and among friends, Khek is used. The analysis of the interviews with the respondents also makes it clear that the process of Khek maintenance involves constant struggle. In addition, it reveals that the respondents have shown a strong level of commitment to its maintenance. They have done some efforts for their children to use Khek at home by extending relation with grandparents, families and friends, and also Mandarin by watching Chinese TV programs, video/films, studying at Chinese schools, reading Chinese newspapers/books, attending Mandarin classes, and planning to visit their home country, China. Thus, all these efforts play important roles in maintaining Khek and also Mandarin and the efforts are most effective when they are integrated into their lives. REFERENCES:

Agam, Y. Matu, P. & Ongarora, D. (2012). Language use and choice: A case study of Kinubi in Kibera, Kenya. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(4), 99-104.

Ananta, A. Arifin, E. & Bachtiar. (2008). Chinese Indonesians in Indonesia and the Province of Riau

archipelago: A demographic analysis, ethnic Chinese in contemporary Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Chowdhury, C. (2010). Did the Buddha speak Pāli? An investigation of the Buddha-Vacana and

origins of Pāli. The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics, 2(4), 43-58. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd

Ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.

Farruggio, P. (2010). Latino immigrant parents’ views of bilingual education as a vehicle for heritage preservation. Journal of Latinos & Education, 9(1), 3-21.

Fase, W, K. Jaspert, & S. Kroon, Eds (1992). Maintenance and loss of minority languages.

Amsterdam: John Benjamins Fishman, J. (1989). Language and ethnicity in minority sociolinguistic perspective. Clevedon:

Multilingual Matters. Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing language shift: Theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance

to threatened languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Holmes, J. (2001). An introduction to sociolinguistic (2nd Ed.). London: Pearson Educated Limited. Jones, K., & Morris, D. (2007). Welsh language socialization within the family. Contemporary Wales,

20(1), 52–70. Lim, H & Mead, D. (2011). Chinese in Indonesia: A background study. SIL Electronic Survey Report.

Retrieved from http://www2.sil.org/silesr/2011/silesr2011-028 Li-Yuan, J. L., & Larke, P. J. (2008). The voices of thirteen Chinese and Taiwanese parents sharing

views about their children attending Chinese heritage schools. US-China Education Review, 5(12), 1-8.

http://www2.sil.org/silesr/2011/silesr2011-028


283

Luo, S-H., & Wiseman, R. (2000). Ethnic language maintenance among Chinese immigrant children in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relation, 24(3), 307-324.

McCulloch, L. (2005). Aceh: Then and now. London: Minority of Right Group. Ting, S. (2011). Intercultural communication in Sarawak: Language use of the Chinese-speaking

communities. In D. Mukhreje, & M. K. David, M. (Eds). National language planning & language shifts in Malaysian minority communities: Speaking in many tongues (pp. 151-161). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Yusuf, Y. Q., Pillai, S., & Ali, N. T. A. M. (2013). Speaking Acehnese in Malaysia. Language and

Communication, 33(1), 50-60. Biodata: Dr. Zulfadli A. Aziz, S.Pd., M.A. Syiah Kuala University [email protected] Syiah Kuala Unviersity (Bachelor in English Education), The University of New South Wales, Sydney (Master in Applied Linguistics), University of Adelaide, Adelaide (PhD in Linguistics) Linguistics, Sociolinguistics Dr. Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf, S.Pd., M.Ling. Syiah Kuala University [email protected] Syiah Kuala University (Bachelor in English Education), University of Malaya (Master in Linguistics), University of Malaya (PhD in Phonology) English Education, General Linguistics, Literature, Phonetics, and Phonology Siti Raisha, S.Pd.I, M.Pd. Syiah Kuala University [email protected] UIN Ar-Raniry (Bachelor in English Education), Syiah Kuala University (Master in English Education) Sociolinguistic, English Education, Teacher Education, Second Language Acquisition, Applied Linguistic, Technology in Teaching and Learning Nurul Kamaliah, S.Pd.I, M.Pd. Syiah Kuala University [email protected] UIN Ar-Raniry (Bachelor in English Education), Syiah Kuala University (Master in English Education) Sociolinguistic, English Education, Teacher Education, Technology in Teaching and Learning





proceeding international seminar on sociolinguistics and

Documents