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PROCEEDING

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A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T

Om Swastyastu,

We are very delighted to complete this third round of Bali Internship Field

School which focused for Subak in this year. We pleased that six

participants were presented from the four countries namely Japan,

Lebanon, South Korea and Indonesia. The various background of

architecture, informatics, and mechanical engineering enriched our

brainstormings during this field school. All of them have been invited to

explore everything they want to know about Subak, as well its philosophy

of Tri Hita Karana as basic principle in Balinese life. The focus topic of this

year is “Subak Sustainability: Challenges and Strategies, from Information

to Emotion”. This field school generated output on recommendations of

how to integrate the informations about Subak and its challenges to series

of proposed informative data to be exhibited in Museum Subak Gianyar in

Masceti Beach.

Last but not least, we take this opportunity to express our gratitude to H.E.

Anak Agung Gde Agung Bharata, Regent of Gianyar and his team from the

Cultural Office of Gianyar for their generous support. We thank Design

School of Kyoto University for being a solid partner of BPPI. Our dedication

goes to Centre for Subak Research of Udayana University, Arsari

Djojohadikusumo Foundation, and Bali Kuna Heritage Society for their

important support. This Proceeding Book will provide details about the field

school that was implemented on 18-23 September 2017.

Om Shanti Shanti Shanti Om.

Gianyar, 17 November 2017,

Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh BIFSS 2017 Principal

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B I F S S 2017

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C O N T E N T

BIFSS 2015 – 2017

.......................................... 1

BIFSS 2017 Participants

.......................................... 2

BIFSS 2017 Organization Structure

.......................................... 3

Acknowledgement

.......................................... 4

Content

.......................................... 6

Schedule

.......................................... 7

Background

.......................................... 8

Activities

.......................................... 19

Overview of Process

.......................................... 26

Group Presentation

.......................................... 27

Media Monitoring

.......................................... 44

Detail Lists

.......................................... 59

Thanks to

.......................................... 60

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S C H E D U L E

Time Programme Venue

Monday, 18 September 2017

18.00 Registration onward The Bali Kuna Villa, Saba Beach

19.00 Welcome Dinner The Bali Kuna Villa, Saba Beach

Tuesday, 19 September 2017

10.00 Persentation from Subak experts

Rumah Panchoran

12.00 Lunch Rumah Panchoran

13.00 Introduction to Nyuh Kuning Village (Walking tour around the village)

Nyuh Kuning Village

15.00 Working Groups Rumah Panchoran

18.00 Early Dinner Rumah Panchoran

Wednesday, 20 September 2017

09.00 Drive to Tabanan Meeting point at Nyuh Kuning soccer field

10.00 Field visit and observation to Tabanan Subak Museum

Tabanan

13.00 14.00

Lunch Drive to Gianyar

Tabanan

15.00 Field visit and observation to Gianyar Subak Museum

Masceti Beach, Gianyar

19.00 Dinner Working Groups

The Bali Kuna Villa, Saba Beach

Thursday, 21 September 2017

10.00 Field Visits Lunch box provided.

Sebatu Rice Field, Tirta Empul Temple and Mengening Temple

15.00 Working Groups Rumah Panchoran

18.00 Early Dinner Rumah Panchoran

Friday, 22 September 2017

08.30 Presentation Subak Museum Gianyar, Masceti Beach.

12.00 Farewel Lunch Subak Museum Gianyar, Masceti Beach.

13.00 Testimonies by participants Subak Museum Gianyar, Masceti Beach.

18.00 Free Evening

Saturday, 23 September 2017

08.00 Check out from home stay at Nyuh Kuning. Free day to explore Gianyar

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B A C K G R O U N D

About Bali

Bali is an Indonesian island-province with Denpasar as its capital. It is home

for most Indonesian Hindu population. Its distinctive culture and landscape

make the island is the most popular tourism destination in the country. With

an estimated 20,000 puras (temples) and shrines, Bali is known as the

“Island of a Thousand Puras”, or “Island of the Gods”.

Internationally acclaimed as one of best island in the world, Bali will

welcome you to learn more about Subak, one of its living treasure.

About Gianyar Regency

Gianyar Regency is located in the

southwest part of Bali Island. It

covers an area of 368 km2 with

population of 470,380, making it

the second most densely populated

area in Bali. The regency is divided

into seven districts (kecamatan):

Sukawati, Blahbatuh, Gianyar,

Tampaksiring, Ubud, Tegallalang, and Payangan. The Gianyar district is the

regency’s administrative capital, but Ubud is the cultural capital, and most

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populous district. Consisting of 244 ‘Desa’, 504 ‘Banjar’, and 2,732 temples,

the regency of Gianyar stretches from the southern undeveloped coastline

into the cool, fresh hills and mountains to a point over 800 meters asl.

Gianyar is also the heartland of Bali’s crafts production, where the weaving,

plaiting, and wood-and-stone carving industries are major employers. The

20,25 % of the area is located at 250-950 meters above the sea level. Rivers

run from the crater’s lake through the valleys, hills, and terraced fields.

There are 12 rivers flowing across the area of Gianyar Regency, which are

mostly utilized for rice field irrigation. There are 580 subaks in Gianyar

Regency, consisting of 529 water subaks(subak yeh) and 51 plantation

subaks (subak abian).

About Nyuh Kuning Village

Nyuh Kuning (“yellow coconut” in

Balinese) is a small village of roughly

800 residents located south of the

Sacred Monkey Forest in Ubud.

Once a village of wood carvers

known for their animal figurines,

Nyuh Kuning – much like Ubud and

much of Bali – has been impacted by

the tourist industry. Increasing

numbers of guest houses and hotels

dot the village, as well as a small

selection of shops and restaurants.

Nyuh Kuning stands out as an

integrated, pedestrian- friendly

village. Nyuh Kuning’s popularity

skyrocketed in 2009, when Julia

Roberts came through town to a

Holywood film “Eat, Pray, Love”.

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The Cultural Landscape of Bali

The Philosophy of Tri Hita Karana

Tri (three), Hita (happiness), and Karana (causes). Harmony between human being with the God, with environment, and with the others human being. This harmony concept implemented in subak as follows:

1. Harmony with the God: Ritual activities, since land preparation of the water and land until harvesting.

2. Harmony with the environment: Making paddy field, following the slope or contour of land, maintaining the land and water

3. Harmony with the others:

Managing water allocation and distribution through proportional system (tektek concept)

Working together in the rehabilitation of facilities

Borrowing water irrigation system.

Regulation/by-laws (Awig-Awig).

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History of Subak

The emergence of systems Subak in Bali for the first time is not exactly known. Historically, it can be seen indirectly from the inscriptions that describe the nineth century.

Sukawana inscription made in the year 882 shows that the paddy and upland farming systems that regularly has existed in Bali in the year 882. It is evident that in the inscription has been called the word "Huma" which means rice field.

In the inscription of Bebetin (in the year 896), it was found the word "undagi Pangarung" (persons who make a tunnel), and word of "Kilan" (now called water allocation/portion), i.e. the amount of the water flowing to the rice fields.

Then the inscription Trunyan created in 891 AD, there is the word "Serdanu" which means head of water affairs. "Ser" that turned into "pekaseh" (chairman of Subak)

Factually, the year 1071, In the inscription of Pandak and inscription of Klungkung (in the yaer 1072), it was found the word of asuwakan for the first time. This become "Kasubakan or Subak“

A legendary statement concerning the formation of Subak in Bali found in the inscripstion of Markandya puranas. Rsi Markandya of Mountain Raung (East Java) accompanied by 800 people did deforestation to make the rice fields and villages (subak and customary village) in the subdistrict of Tegalalang (Taro village), in the century 12-13.

Subak Organization

Subak is a traditional ecologically sustainable irrigation system that binds

Balinese agrarian society together within the village’s Bale Banjar

community center and Balinese temples. The water managements is under

the authority of the priests in water temples, who practice Tri Hita Karana

Philosophy. It draws together the realm of spirit, the human world and

nature. The overall Subak system exemplifies this philosophical principle.

Water temple rituals promote a harmonious relationship between people

and their environment through the active engagement of people with ritual

concepts that emphasise dependence on the life-sustaining forces of the

natural world. Rice is seen as the gift of God, and the subak system is part

of temple culture.

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Subak as The World Cultural Heritage

Subak system has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural

Heritage (WCH) since year 2012 under the name ‘Cultural Landscape of

Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana

Philosophy’. It consists of Supreme Water Temple Pura Ulun Danu Batur,

Lake Batur, Subak Landscape of Pekerisan Watershed, Subak Landscape

of Catur Angga Batukaru, and Royal Water Temple Pura Taman Ayun.

It has met several requirements designated by UNESCO, including the

following:

(1) Subak is a cultural tradition that makes up the landscape of Bali. Subak

has been present in Bali since the 11th century, and is a traditional

institution that implements the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana in their

activities. There are some temples of subak which became the spiritual

center in subak irrigation management, through a number of rituals,

offerings, and performing arts. Pura Subak is a place, where farmers seek

harmony with the God.

(2) Landscape of Bali is an extraordinary evidence of subak system. A

system that is democratic and egalitarian. Since the 11th century has been

managing a network of subak temples, ecological environment terraced rice

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fields, which includes all of the watershed in Bali. Subak temple

management is a unique solution in the face of increasingly complex

challenges in the future.

(3) Subak temple is a unique institution as an inspiration of ritual tradition

which has been done since the past centuries in Bali. Various rituals are

performed at subak temple, linking the existence of subak temple with the

implementation of irrigation management. It is a manifestation of the

implementation of the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, in which there should

be harmony between man and God Almighty. Harmony between man and

God manifested through rituals at subak temple.

The Role of Subak

Water allocation and distribution

Resources mobilization for operational and maintenance

Fund raising

Conflict solution

Ritual activities

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The Requirement of Subak

has a hydrological boundaries

has a temple (s)

has an autonomy system

Subak Landscape of Pakerisan Watershed

The Subak Landscape of Pakerisan Watershed, the oldest known irrigation

system in Bali located in Tampaksiring district in Gianyar regency. This area

is a main field visits in this BIFSS. It includes the villages, water sources, rice

fields, subak temples, Pakerisan River and the archaeological site of ancient

Balinese royal memorials, including Pulagan Subak, Kulub Atas Subak, Kulub

Bawah Subak, Pegulingan Temple, Tirta Empul Temple, Mengening Temple

and Gunung Kawi Temple Site.

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Pulagan Subak Kulub Atas Subak Kulub Bawah Subak

Pegulingan Temple Tirta Empul Temple Mengening Temple

Gunung Kawi Temple

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Gianyar Subak Museum

Gianyar Regency is planning to develop a subak museum located in

Masceti Beach. This idea based on the importance of subak in Gianyar

Regency which has acknowledged by UNESCO as the World Heritage Site.

The development of its collections is still going on and it needed wide inputs

from all related stakeholders.

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Based on these background and updates from previous BIFSS in 2015 and

2016, thus BFSS 2017 focussed on the topic of “Subak Sustainability:

Challenges and Strategies, from Information to Emotion”. The

focus is how to change the public understanding of Subak through the

transformation of information to emotion. The recommendations varies to

enrich the development plan for Gianyar Subak Museum, particularly the

ideas for design plan of its exhibition.

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A C T I V I T I E S

Day 1 (Monday, 18 September 2017)

Participants were greeted by BPPI team in Bali and enjoyed a welcome dinner

at The Bali Kuna Villa located in Saba Beach, Gianyar.

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Day 2 (Tuesday, 19 September 2017)

The introduction about Subak started by presentation from experts of local

University of Udayana about their research for more than 20 years. This

continued by walking around the Village of Nyuh Kuning which represents a

Balinese village, its tradition of life, and the pressure of tourism activities in

this area.

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Day 3 (Wednesday, 20 September 2017)

The field visit and observation to Tabanan Subak Museum comprised of

museum indoor and outdoor tour, audio visual presentation, and visited a

prototype of Balinese farmer house and the ricefield.

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The introduction about Gianyar Subak Museum delivered by Cultural

Office of Gianyar Regency. The project’s consultant presented the plan of

the museum development. Participants had observed around the new

main building of the museum which just constructed, and visited the

Masceti beach surrounding.

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Day 4 (Thursday, 21 September 2017)

The field assessment continued by interview with a farmer at Sebatu rice field.

He explained his routine daily activities, challenges and hopes for subak.

The rest of the 4th day spent with field visits to the coumpound of subak

landscape of Pakerisan watershed including Tirta Empul Temple and

Mengening Temple.

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Day 5 (Friday, 22 September 2017)

The closing of BIFSS 2017 comprised of presentation by participants to the

local government of Gianyar Regency which was represented by Head of

Cultural Office. The meeting also attended by local experts from Udayana

University, communities and journalists from local media. It is ended by hand-

over of BIFSS certificate of participation.

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O V E R V I E W O F P R O C E S S

Focus on how to change the public understanding of Subak and actions

The inadequate information about subak to the public.

The need to transform information to emotion in order to appeal the

emotions of the public to change their minds

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G R O U P P R E S E N T A T I O N

Based on series of discussions during working group session and

observations in the field visits, participants delivered presentation about

their inputs and ideas to the topic of BIFSS 2017.

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Design Process

Problems Identified

1. Number of Subaks is decreasing due to

– The high cost of their maintenance

– The selling of lands for tourist-related projects

2. Number of farmers is decreasing because

– They are poor

– They have no pride in farming and receive no recognition

for their efforts

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Solutions

Creating emotions through an exhibition

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Some Ideas to “Save Subak”

Profit generation:

- Selling of souvenirs/ products: save the subak t-shirt, product from

farmers, café or restaurant

- Donation

Museum as medium between farmers and people:

- Farming camp for the youth to experience the farming and to help

the farmers

- Promotion of direct trade btw consumer and farmer/ contract for

tailored crop cultivation

Long term education/ technology support:

- Regular public lecture/ hearing from subak – related people

- Workshop for the preservation of subak

➢ Need the mind of entrepreneurship and creativity

Indirect way:

advertisement of Subak and its importance to increase the awareness of

the general public – the basic role of the museum and exhibition

Direct way:

lack of fund for maintenance of irrigation, financial problem of farmers

➢ Need the direct economic support for subak community

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M E D I A M O N I T O R I N G

Bali local media released articles about BIFSS 2017, including Bali Ekbis, Fakta Bali, Bali Berkarya, and Bali Tribune. They highlighted BIFSS recommendations on the sustainability of Subak and what we can do to support the farmers, also appreciated the development of Gianyar Subak Museum.

Subak Perlu Diselamatkan

baliekbisadmin 22/09/2017

(Baliekbis.com), Nasib subak di Bali perlahan mulai terancam. Selain makin berkurangnya lahan-lahan pertanian, jumlah petaninya juga makin sedikit. Yang menyedihkan minat generasi muda menjadi petani juga rendah. “Menjadi petani tak ada kebanggaan serta tak ada pengakuan. Ini yang membuat nasib subak ke depan suram karena ditinggal petani dan menipisnya lahan akibat alih fungsi,” ujar Victoria Abou Khalil, mahasiswi program doctor Kyoto University, Jepang, Jumat (22/9) di Museum Subak Masceti Gianyar saat memberikan pemaparan terkait hasil sekolah lapangan yang dilakukan di Tabanan dan Gianyar.

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Victoria yang asal Libanon ini bersama sejumlah rekannya di antaranya Yohei Kiyoyama (Jepang), Seongsu Park (Korea), dan Samar El Helou dari Libanon yang sama-sama menempuh program doctor di Kyoto University melakukan sekolah lapangan dalam rangka 3rd Bali Internship Field School for Subak (BIFSS) 2017 di Museum Subak Masceti Gianyar, Jumat(22/9). Kegiatan yang mengangkat tema “Subak Sustainable” Challenges and Strategis from Information to Emotion berlangsung selama lima hari dari tanggal 18-23 September 2019. Dalam kegiatan itu juga hadir dari kalangan pakar yakni Dr. Yohei Murakami dan Prof. Kyoko Kanki dari Kyoto University, Catrini Kubontubuh, kandidat doktor arsitektur ITB, Prof. IW Windia dan Dr. Gede Sedana, keduanya pakar subak Unud.

Menurut Victoria, jumlah subak juga menurun tidak terlepas dari tingginya biaya dalam kegiatan di subak. Karena itu hadirnya museum subak diharapkan ke depan bisa menyelamatkan subak selain petaninya. “Museum subak selain menampilkan keberhasilan subak, juga tantangannya ke depan termasuk perjuangan petaninya,” harap Victoria. Hal senada juga dilontarkan rekannya Seongsu Park dan Samar El Helou yang melihat tingginya tantangan dalam menyelamatkan subak. Mereka berharap ke depan hadirnya museum subak bisa mempertahankan subak itu sendiri dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Karena itu museum subak juga harus menampilkan Bali secara luas, keindahan subak dan masalah yang ada sehingga bisa mengundang aksi-aksi nyata untuk menyelamatkan subak yang pada akhirnya akan membantu petani.

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Para mahasiswa tersebut mengatakan subak bukan hanya sebuah irigasi, tapi ada berbagai kegiatan di dalamnya termasuk yang melibatkan istri petani. “Subak adalah jantungnya Bali,” ujar Park. Masalah subak juga menjadi perhatian pakar subak dari Unud Prof. Windia yang melihat banyak sekali kegiatan upacara di subak. “Ada 18 kali upacara dalam satu musim, mulai dari mengairi sawah hingga panen,” jelas Prof. Windia. Subak perlu didorong agar bisa ada value addednya, jadi tak melulu hanya urusan mabhakti dan gotong royong, ujarnya. Ke depan petani harus berekonomi dan berteknologi agar pendapatannya meningkat. (bas)

Prof. Windia: Petani Harus Berekonomi dan Berteknologi

baliekbisadmin 22/09/2017

(Baliekbis.com), Petani ke depan selain berekonomi juga harus berteknologi agar dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya. Seperti petani yang menghasilkan

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beras merah, jangan didorong menjual berasnya tapi bagaimana dengan teknologi bisa dibuat teh dari beras merah sehingga ada nilai tambahnya. “Jadi petani harus didorong berteknologi agar ada value added. Dari hanya bergerak sosiokultural, ke ekonomi lalu berteknologi,” ujar Pakar Subak Unud Prof. IW Windia, disela-sela 3rd Bali Internship Field School for Subak (BIFSS) 2017 di Museum Subak Masceti Gianyar, Jumat (22/9).

Prof. IW Windia. Field School yang mengangkat tema “Subak Sustainable” Challenges and Strategis from Information to Emotion berlangsung selama lima hari dari tanggal 18-23 September 2019 diikuti peserta dari Jepang, Korea, Libanon serta Indonesia. Meningkatnya pendapatan petani tambah Prof. Windia merupakan cara agar bisa memelihara subak. Caranya petani harus dididik berekonomi, dimana tiap subak ada koperasi tani, seperti halnya LPD yang ada di tiap desa adat. Subak juga dijadikan agrowisata seperti di Ceking sehingga ada tambahan pendapatan dan subak dikunjungi banyak orang (turis) sehingga ada kebanggaan yang dapat mendorong petani untuk tidak menjual sawahnya. Prof. Windia mencontohkan subak di Lodtunduh yang berhasil mengembangkan koperasi tani dimana petani di sana kini bisa beli pupuk dan bibit bersama. Bahkan subak ini memiliki perarem dimana tak boleh menjual

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sawah atau alih fungsi sawah. “Kalau ada yang sampai membeli sawah, mereka tak dikasi membangun misalnya tak diberikan jalan. Jadi meski sudah dijual tetap jadi sawah. “Ini sebuah usaha-usaha untuk mempertahankan sawah dan subaknya,” tambah dosen Fak. Pertanian Unud ini. Saat ini beberapa kabupaten dalam meningkatan pendapatan petani sudah melakukan hal itu seperti menetapkan harga gabah di atas harga pasar, PBBnya dibantu dan dijamin air irigasi serta ada asuransinya. “Ini cara-cara agar petani senang jadi petani,” tambahnya. Permerintah harapnya harus konsen dengan subak dan jangan ditinggal. Sebab petani adalah orang paling miskin di dunia termasuk di Indoneia dan Bali sendiri. Kemiskinan di Bali saat ini meningkat 0,04 persen. Ini karena petani tak ada peningkatan hasil pertaniannya. “Ini merupakan kerak kemiskinan. Jadi kalau ingin mengurangi kemiskinan maka pendapatan petani harus ditingkatkan. Itu kuncinya,” tambah Prof. Windia. Terkait kehadiran museum subak menurutnya harus dapat merangsang kebijakan yang memihak kaum petani dan petanian. Museum subak jangan hanya menampilkan yang baik saja, tapi juga problem subak dan keadaan petani sehingga bisa mendorong emosi pengunjung subak berbuat untuk kebaikan subak. (bas)

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Subak Kian Menyempit, Alih Fungsi Lahan Tak Terbendung 22 September 2017 | 21:41:52 No comment 83 views

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Penutupan Bali Internship Field School for Subak (BIFSS) 2017 di museum subak Gianyar

Gianyar, faktabali.com - Meski dunia mengakui eksitensi subak di

Bali, namun dalam kenyataannya sistem irigasi subak terus

mengalami proses marjinalisasi. Yang menjadi kekhawatiran banyak

pihak yaitu apabila suatu saat sawah atau subak di Bali habis, maka

dunia akan kehilangan sebuah warisan budaya dalam bidang

pertanian.

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"Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah seakan belum mampu

membendung proses marjinalisasi sistem subak di Bali. Jumlah

sawah terus berkurang karena alih fungsi lahan. Pertahun rata-rata

seluas 750 hektar. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa subak di Bali terus

mengalami degradasi," ucap Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh, Ketua

Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia (BPPI), Jum'at (22/9/2017) saat

penutupan Bali Internship Field School for Subak (BIFSS) di museum

subak Gianyar.

Ditempat yang sama, ketua group riset subak sistem subak

Universitas Udayana, Prof.I Wayan Windia menerangkan, kedepan

subak harus di didik berekonomi seperti mendorong setiap subak

mempunyai koperasi tani, atau subak dijadikan sebagai kawasan

agrowisata untuk tambahan income.

"Selain tambahan income mereka juga bangga karena tempatnya

dikunjungi wisatawan. Dengan demikian diharapkan masyarakat

tidak lagi menjual sawahnya. Salah satu contoh adalah subak Loh

Tunduh di Singakerta. Kita didik mereka mendirikan koperasi tani.

Sekarang mereka bisa membeli pupuk sendiri, beli bibit sendiri,

sudah bangga mereka sekarang," terangnya.

Selain sukses mendirikan koperasi, Prof Windia mengungkapkan

masyarakat setempat juga membuat perarem (kesepakatan) tidak

menjual sawah untuk kepentingan non sawah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk

menghindari alih fungsi lahan sawah.

"Ada kasus petani bandel yang menjual sawahnya. Tapi tetap saja

pembelinya tidak bisa membangun karena tidak di beri akses jalan

oleh subak. Ini yang di maksud untuk menghindari alih fungsi lahan

sawah," jelasnya.

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Terkait dengan Bali Internship Field School for Subak (BIFSS) yang

diselenggarakan BPPI bersama Pemkab Gianyar, Prof Windia

memberikan apresiasi kepada para peserta, terutama mahasiswa

yang datang dari luar negeri.

"Mereka banyak memberikan saran. Terutama yang orang asing.

Orang asing kan tidak mempunyai kepentingan, jadi murni mereka

bicara untuk subak. Dia bicara pemerintah harus konsen ke subak,

harus ada upaya yang serius untuk mempertahankan subak,"

pungkasnya.

Reporter : Agung Widodo Editor : Ray Wiranata

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Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan

Ayo Selamatkan! Mulai Terancam, 'Eksistensi Subak' Perlu Dipertahankan dan Dilestarikan

Oleh : Baliberkarya | 23 September 2017 | Dibaca : 1989 Pengunjung

sumber foto :Baliberkarya

Baliberkarya.com-Gianyar. Akibat gempuran pariwisata dan perkembangan jaman sehingga menimbulkan dampak alih fungsi lahan khususnya disektor pertanian yang merembet ke Subak atau sistem pengairan ciri khas sistem irigasi di Bali.

Nasib Subak di Bali sejak beberapa tahun belakangan ini secara perlahan mulai terancam. Selain makin berkurangnya lahan-lahan pertanian, jumlah petaninya juga makin sedikit dan yang menyedihkan minat generasi muda menjadi petani juga semakin rendah.

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Melihat realita itu, eksistensi sistem Subak di Bali harus tetep dipertahankan dan dilestarikan. Mengingat, sistem Subak di Bali tidak hanya sebagai warisan budaya yang terdaftar sebagai badan warisan dunia Unesco sejak tahun 2012 sehingga hal ini tidak saja menjadi tanggung jawab masyarakat Bali untuk menjaga sistem pengairan subak ini, namun juga menjadi perhatian dan tanggungjawab dunia untuk menjaganya.

Berlatarbelakang dari kepedulian pelestarian Subak tersebut, Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia (BPPI) bersama Dinas Kebudayaan Kabupaten Gianyar bekerjasama membuka program sekolah magang lapangan di Bali dengan Fakultas Desain Universitas Kyoto, Jepang. Sekolah lapangan yang bernama Bali Internship Field School 2015 menyelesaikan kelompok ketiga dengan jumlah mahasiswa asing pascasarjana sebanyak empat orang.

"Menjadi petani tak ada kebanggaan serta tak ada pengakuan. Ini yang membuat nasib Subak ke depan suram karena ditinggal petani dan menipisnya lahan akibat alih fungsi lahan," ucap Victoria Abou Khalil, salah seorang mahasiswi Program Doctor Kyoto University, Jepang di Museum Subak Masceti Gianyar saat memberikan pemaparan terkait hasil sekolah lapangan tentang Subak yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Tabanan dan Gianyar.

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Victoria asal Libanon ini bersama sejumlah rekannya di antaranya Yohei Kiyoyama (Jepang), Seongsu Park (Korea), dan Samar El Helou dari Libanon yang sama-sama menempuh Program Doctor di Kyoto University melakukan sekolah lapangan dalam rangka 3rd Bali Internship Field School for Subak (BIFSS) 2017 di Museum Subak Masceti Gianyar.

Kegiatan yang mengangkat tema “Subak Sustainable” Challenges and Strategis from Information to Emotion berlangsung selama lima hari dari tanggal 18-23 September 2019. Dalam kegiatan itu juga hadir dari kalangan pakar yakni Dr. Yohei Murakami dan Prof. Kyoko Kanki dari Kyoto University, Catrini Kubontubuh, kandidat doktor arsitektur ITB, Prof. I Wayan Windia dan Dr. Gede Sedana, dimana keduanya merupakan pakar Subak dari Universitas Udayana.

Menurut Victoria, jumlah Subak juga menurun tidak terlepas dari tingginya biaya dalam kegiatan di Subak. Untuk itu, hadirnya Museum Subak diharapkan ke depan bisa menyelamatkan Subak serta petaninya.

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"Museum subak selain menampilkan keberhasilan subak, juga tantangannya ke depan termasuk perjuangan petaninya," harap Victoria. Pernyataan serupa juga diutarakan rekannya Seongsu Park dan Samar El Helou yang melihat tingginya tantangan dalam menyelamatkan Subak. Mereka berharap ke depan hadirnya Museum Subak bisa mempertahankan Subak itu sendiri dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Untuk itu, Museum Subak juga harus menampilkan Bali secara luas, keindahan Subak dan masalah yang ada sehingga bisa mengundang aksi-aksi nyata untuk menyelamatkan Subak yang pada akhirnya akan membantu petani.

"Para mahasiswa tersebut mengatakan Subak bukan hanya sebuah irigasi, tapi ada berbagai kegiatan di dalamnya termasuk yang melibatkan istri petani. Subak adalah jantungnya Bali," ungkap Park.

Sementara, Ketua Panitia Bali Internship Field School 2017 yang juga Ketua Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia, Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh menerangkan sekolah ini menjadi penting untuk saling bertukar informasi dan teknologi demi lestarinya sistem subak di Bali.

"Para mahasiswa ini terjun langsung ke sawah-sawah serta mempelajari sistem perairan Subak. Selanjutnya, mahasiswa yang berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu ini memberikan sumbang saran yang terbaik untuk keberlangsungan Subak," terang Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh, usai acara Penutupan Sekolah Lapangan, di Museum Subak, Gianyar.

Dalam forum yang sama, masalah subak juga menjadi perhatian pakar Subak dari Unud yakni Prof. Windia yang melihat banyak sekali kegiatan upacara di subak."Ada 18 kali upacara dalam satu musim, mulai dari mengairi sawah hingga panen," jelas Prof. Windia.Menurut Prof. Windia, Subak perlu didorong agar bisa ada value addednya, jadi tak melulu hanya urusan mabhakti dan gotong royong. Ke depan, menurut Prof Windia, petani harus berekonomi dan berteknologi agar pendapatannya meningkat.(BB).

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23 September 2017 14:16

Hadirnya Museum Subak Dianggap Mampu Berikan Nilai Tambah Arief Wibisono - Bali Tribune

Keterangan Gambar:

Mahasiswa asing bersama para narasumber sesuai sesi presentasi dalam upaya mengangkat subak

agar tidak tergerus di Museum Subak, Pantai Masceti, Gianyar.

BALI TRIBUNE - Andaikan suatu saat sawah dan subak Bali habis, maka dunia akan kehilangan salah satu warisan budaya dalam bidang pertanian yang sangat penting bagi umat manusia. Karenanya diperlukan berbagai upaya lain agar sistem subak Bali tetap lestari.

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Hal itu terungkap dari apa yang disampaikan mahasiswa yang tergabung dalam Bali Internship Field School for Subak yang mempresentasikan bagaimana mengelola subak agar tetap lestari. “BIFSS ini diselenggarakan oleh Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia (BPPI) bekerjasama dengan pemerintah Kabupaten Gianyar,” ujar Ketua BPPI, Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh, dari Gianyar, Jumat (22/9).

Ia menyebutkan peserta BIFSS datang dari masyarakat yang punya perhatian terhadap pertanian Bali. Selain dari Indonesia datang juga peserta dari Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Lebanon. Disebutkan UNESCO mengakui sistem subak Bali dari tahun 2012 sebagai salah satu World Heritage of Cultural Landscape (warisan budaya dunia untuk pusaka saujana).

Pengakuan terhadap subak adalah suatu yang membanggakan bagi Indonesia, Bali khususnya. Namun dalam perjalannya acapkali pengelolaan subak kerap menimbulkan banyak persoalan, seperti tergerusnya lahan subak setiap tahunnya yang disebabkan oleh berbagai sebab. “Sekitar 750 hektar tiap tahunnya lahan subak tergerus akibat alih fungsi lahan. Tentu hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa di Bali akan terus mengalami proses degradasi,” tukasnya.

Meskipun berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah, namun rupanya tidak cukup kuat membendung proses marjinalisasi subak. Padahal subak yang telah dibangun mulai abad ke 11 oleh leluhur masyarakat Bali yang dipimpin Rsi Markasnya, akhirnya mendapat pengakuan dunia. “Subak yang sudah menjadi pengakuan dunia, wajib dilestarikan keberlanjutannya agar tidak hanya menjadi cerita kedepannya. Untuk itulah para peserta BIFSS menawarkan skema museum subak yang bisa menggambarkan bagaimana perjalanan subak itu,” tuturnya.

Dalam museum subak akan ditampilkan wajah subak, termasuk persolan yang kerap dihadapi termasuk didalamnya rekomendasi yang dirangkum untuk kelestarian subak. “Beberapa hal yang kita dorong untuk kelestarian subak antaranya, pembebasan PBB bagi subak yang telah ditetapkan UNESCO, keterlibatan organisasi atas alih fungsi lahan, penghargaan bagi yang punya perhatian terhadap subak, wisata budaya dan peduli lingkungan di kawasan subak, penghijauan, asuransi pertanian, dan beberapa poin lainnya yang mendorong lestarinya subak,” imbuhnya lagi.

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Sedangkan Prof. Dr. Windia yang termasuk salah satu tim ahli dan narasumber dalam BIFSS juga menimpali, dengan adanya museum bisa dijadikan Gambaran apa yang ada dianggap sangat cocok, karena dengan keberadaan museum maka akan mengangkat harkat martabat para petani. Diharapkan petani bisa punya sikap profesional hingga bisa meningkatkan taraf hidupnya.

Diakui sikap mental petani nasional masih bersikap tradisional. Dengan hadirnya museum bisa dijadikan rujukan. Konsep penataan representatif museum subak akan ada berkelanjutan. “Bisa dikatakan keberadaan museum akan jadi nilai tambah bagi petani, yang notabene ada keberpihakan secara ekonomi disamping pengetahuan yang didapat. Apalagi dengan konsep yang ditawarkan oleh BIFSS tentu ini jawaban yang selama ini ditunggu, tinggal implementasinya saja,” tutup Prof. Windia.

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D E T A I L L I S T S

List of Participants

1. Yohei Kiyoyama, Japanese, Department of Architecture, Design School, Kyoto University.

2. Seongsu Park, Japanese, Mechanical Engineering, Design School, Kyoto University.

3. Samar El Helou, Lebanese, Informatics, Design School - Kyoto University.

4. Victor Abou Khalil, Lebanese, Informatics, Design School - Kyoto University.

5. Adinda Astuti Astaning Widhi, Indonesian, Department of Architecture, University of Udayana.

6. I Made Bagus Dany Wirayudha, Indonesian, Department of Architecture, University of Udayana.

List of Experts

1. Dr. Yohei Murakami, Japanese, Mechanical Design, Design School, Kyoto University.

2. Prof. Kyoko Kanki, Japanese, Landscape Architect, Kyoto University.

3. Catrini Kubontubuh, Phd candidate, Indonesian, Planner Architect, Institute Technology Bandung.

4. Prof. I Wayan Windia, Expert on Subak, Centre of Subak Studies, University of Udayana.

5. Dr. Gede Sedana, Expert on Farming, Expert on Subak, Centre of Subak Studies, University of Udayana.

Resources from Gianyar Culture Office

1. Drs. I Gusti Ngurah Wijana, MM MPd.

2. I Wayan Sudha, S.Sos

3. Cokorda Dalem Krisnadhi Widnyana, SS

Facilitators

1. Tri Abrianti

2. Marthina Leony Putri

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BPPI – Kyoto University Design School

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INDONESIAN HERITAGE TRUST Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI/Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia) is non profit organisation as a melting pot for heritage practitioners, advocates, and heritage lovers from various background. BPPI was formed by members of local heritage organisations around Indonesia and academicians from universities in August 17, 2004 in Jakarta. BPPI scope of activities and programmes are vast which makes BPPI rich with members of various academic background such as architecture, city/regional planning, environment, achaeology, sociology. anthropology, economy, lay, history, literature, theatre, and many more. www.bppi-indonesianheritagetrust.org

KYOTO UNIVERSITY With a goal to promote education through between industry-academia-government-public-citizen collaboration, we start the Design Innovation Center, which will be a hub for Kyoto University’s three campuses (Yoshida, Katsura, Uji) and Kyoto City University of Arts, and visualize our graduate program. Furthermore, we open a future centre with open innovation function in order to connect social problems and demands to education and research in universities. The Design Innovation Center will be managed by industry-acamedia-government-public-citizens collaboration and will always make leading research projects, field-based learning (FBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) open to society. We call whole activities of collaborative Graduate School in Design open to society “Kyoto University Design School.” From this Design School, we announce our approach to always conduct this graduate program together with society. www.design.kyoto-u.ac.jp

GIANYAR REGENCY Gianyar is a regency in the Indonesian province and island of Bali. The history of Gianyar started in 1771. It is rich with ancient remains and famous for high creativity of its people in the field of art and culture, which is considered as one of invaluable asset of the region. www.gianyarkab.go.id

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CENTRE FOR SUBAK - UDAYANA UNIVERSITY Udayana University was inaugurated by the first president of the Republic of Indonesia, H.E. Ir. Soekarno and officially opened by The Minister of Education and Culture, Prof. Dr. Priyono on September 29, 1958. Legally speaking, the whole university started to function from August 17, 1962. Center of Subak Studies is coordinated by The Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) a department under the the University of Udayana. The center was established based on the rector’s decree, in response to the recognition of Subak system as the world heritage of cultural landscape by the UNESCO, in 2012. The center is now lead by Professor I Wayan Windia. www.unud.ac.id

ARSARI DJOJOHADIKUSUMO FOUNDATION Initiated by the Hashim Djojohadikusumo family, ARSARI Djojohadikusumo Foundation’s charitable activities for more than twenty years have focused on the development of tertiary education through the provision of state-of-the-art facilities, and their country’s environmental and cultural heritage for the benefit of future generations of Indonesians.

www.yad.or.id

BALIKUNA HERITAGE SOCIETY Bali Kuna established in December 18, 2000. It is a private and non profit organization with primary focus on culture conservation and education programs in Bali, as part of social entrepreneur activities. Through wide international networks, we serve conservation projects to enhance the awareness of preserving valued heritage started from community bases. The Bali Kuna is also a centre for sharing and learning for human capital and management. The team has a various experiences of capacity building and human resources development. We also joined by such a wonderful volunteers and collaboration with other NGOs and related institutions. www.balikuna.org

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