proced i mien to stec nico s

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Cjtgrhja lg jpoyoTrofglhchgmtos\fmhfos

Yhmfuajlos j aj proluffhm hmlustrhja(Ygrshm Norrjlor)

www.tgfmoaoehj-tgfmhfj.foc.jr


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Cjtgrhja lg jpoyo Trofglhchgmtos \fmhfos vhmfuajlos j aj proluffhm hmlustrhja, (Gm fomstruffhm). . .

Troigsor2 Mstor @orjfho Fjsthghrj www.tgfmoaoehj-tgfmhfj.foc.jr

. . . . . ( ). . . . . . .


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Aos cjtgrhjags

Fjrjftgrsthfjs lg aos cjtgrhjags

Vupomejcos qug `gcos lgfhlhlo fomstruhr umj shaaj. Gm prhcgr auejr mgfgshtjrgcos aj

cjlgrj, jaeumos fajvos, um cjrthaao y um sgrrufò. Ga cjrthaao y ga sgrrufò som ajs`grrjchgmtjs fom ajs qug trjnjbjrgcos. Aj cjlgrj y aos fajvos som aos cjtgrhjags qugusjrgcos pjrj aj fomstruffhm.

Aos cjtgrhjags som sustjmfhjs o erupo lg sustjmfhjs qug puglgm sgr uthahzjlospjrj aj ijnrhfjfhm lg um prolufto

Gxhstgm proluftos qug gstm fomigffhomjlos fom umj soaj fajsg lg cjtgrhja, um vjsopor gbgcpao, puglg sgr totjacgmtg lg vhlrho, o totjacgmtg lg pasthfo. Tgro tjcnhmgxhstgm cufòs proluftos fomigffhomjlos fom cjtgrhjags lhigrgmtgs, por gbgcpao umtgagvhsor, umj nhfhfagtj y `jstj um shcpag cjrthaao ga fuja por ao egmgrja gst focpugstopor los cjtgrhjags2 @hgrro y cjlgrj.

Aos cjtgrhjags qug sg usjm gm aj jftujahljl sg puglgm lhvhlhr gm trgs fjtgeorjs2 aos

mjturjags, aos jrthihfhjags y por athco aos shmtthfos.


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Cjtgrhjags Jrthihfhjags

Vg onthgmgm j pjrthr lg aos cjtgrhjags mjturjags y mo sg ags `j trjmsiorcjlo, gaòrchem, ga jfgro, gtf.

Cjtgrhjags Vhmtthfos

stos som ijnrhfjlos por aos sgrgs ùcjmos j pjrthr lg aos cjtgrhjags jrthihfhjags,jaeumos lg aos cs hcportjmtgs som2 Chfj, tgiam, eocj ajfj, njqugahtj, gtf.

Jaeumjs prophgljlgs lg aos cjtgrhjags

Lgpgmlhgmlo lg aj jpahfjfhm sg mgfgshtj qug ga cjtgrhja j uthahzjr tgmej lhvgrsjsfjrjftgrsthfjs, por ao qug gs mgfgsjrho fomofgr sus prophgljlgs sgmsorhjags, pthfjs,trchfjs, cjemthfjs, quchfjs y cgfmhfjs.

Trophgljlgs sgmsorhjags

Gs aj gagffhm lg cjtgrhjags j trjvs lg aos sgmthlos, gs lgfhr, ga tjfto, ga oaor, ajiorcj, ga nrhaao, aj tgxturj y ga foaor. Wm gbgcpao sgrj j aj òrj lg lg focprjr prgmljslg vgsthr, sg gahegm por ga tjfto, gs cgbor aagvjr jaeolm qug gs cs jerjljnag ja tjfto.

Trophgljlgs pthfjs


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Gs aj rgjffhm lga cjtgrhja fujmlo aj auz hmfhlg sonrg a, sg puglgm ljr trgs thpos2 aosopjfos (aj auz mo fomsheug jtrjvgsjrags), aos trjmspjrgmtgs (tolos jqugaaos qug lgbjmpjsjr aj auz) y por athco aos trjmsafhlos (gm aos fujags aj auz aos jtrjvhgsj pgro mo sgvg mthljcgmtg j trjvs lg gaaos).

Trophgljlgs trchfjs

Gs ga focportjchgmto qug prgsgmtj um cjtgrhja fujmlo sg ag lj fjaor. Aos cgtjags somnugmos fomluftorgs lga fjaor chgmtrjs qug otros cjtgrhjags foco ga jaeolm somjhsajmtgs, gs lgfhr, qug mo lgbjm pjsjr ga fjaor.

Trophgljlgs cjemthfjs

Gs umj fujahljl qug thgmgm aos cgtjags igrrosos, erjfhjs j stj fujahljl sg jtrjgm

umos j otros, um gbgcpao lg gstj prophgljl sgrjm aos hcjmgs.Trophgljlgs quchfjs

stj prophgljl gs lg ajs cs hcportjmtgs, sg fjcnhj yj qug sg fjcnhj sufocposhfhm

Trophgljlgs cgfmhfjs

Vom ajs iorcjs qug tocjm aos cjtgrhjags fujmlo sg ags jpahfjm umjs iugrzjs.

Jaeumjs lg gstjs prophgljlgs som2

Gajsthfhljl

Gm ishfj ga trchmogajsthfhljl lgshemj aj prophgljl cgfmhfj lg fhgrtos cjtgrhjagslg suirhr lgiorcjfhomgs rgvgrshnags fujmlo sg gmfugmtrjm subgtos j aj jffhm lg

iugrzjs gxtgrhorgs y lg rgfupgrjr aj iorcj orhehmja sh gstjs iugrzjs gxtgrhorgs sggahchmjm. Lhf`o lg otro colo, gs aj fjpjfhljl qug thgmgm jaeumos cjtgrhjags pjrjrgfupgrjr su iorcj, umj vgz qug `j lgsjpjrgfhlo aj iugrzj qug aos lgiorcjnj.

Gajsthfhljl-Lufthahljl-Cjagjnhahljl-Lurgzj-Irjehahljl-\gmjfhljl-Ijthej


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Lurgzj

Aj lurgzj gs aj oposhfhm qug oirgfgm aos cjtgrhjags j jatgrjfhomgs foco ajpgmgtrjfhm, aj jnrjshm, ga rjyjlo, aj fortjlurj, ajs lgiorcjfhomgs pgrcjmgmtgs;gmtrg otrjs. Lhfò lg otro colo, gs aj oposhfhm qug oirgfg um fugrpo, j lgbjrsg,rjyjr, o pgmgtrjr por otro, o ao qug gs heuja, gs aj rgshstgmfhj, ja lgsejstg.

IrjehahljlAj irjehahljl sg rgajfhomj fom aj fujahljl lg aos onbgtos y cjtgrhjags lg rocpgrsg fomijfhahljl. Jumqug tfmhfjcgmtg ajirjehahljl sg lgihmg cs prophjcgmtg foco ajfjpjfhljl lg um cjtgrhja lg irjfturjrsg fom gsfjsj lgiorcjfhm. Lhfò lg otro colo, gacjtgrhja sg rocpg gm jhfos, fujmlo umj iugrzj hcpjftj sonrg a.

\gmjfhljl

Aj tgmjfhljl gs aj gmgrej totja qug jnsorng um cjtgrhja jmtgs lg jafjmzjr aj roturj.Lhfò lg otro colo, gs aj rgshstgmfhj qug opomg um fugrpo j su roturj, fujmlo gstsocgthlo j gsiugrzos agmtos lg lgiorcjfhm.


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Trophgljlgs ishfjs lg aj cjlgrj

Ajs prhmfhpjags prophgljlgs lg aj cjlgrj som su rgshstgmfhj, su lurgzj, su rhehlgz ysu lgmshljl. Gstj athcj sugag hmlhfjr prophgljlgs cgfmhfjs, yj qug fujmto cslgmsj gs aj cjlgrj, su focposhfhm gs cs iugrtg y lurj. Gmtrg sus fujahljlgsrgsjatj su rgshstgmfhj j aj focprgshm, j aj iagxhm, ja hcpjfto y j ajs tgmshomgs,fjrjftgrsthfjs qug aj trjmsiorcjm gm um gxfgagmtg cjtgrhja pjrj lhvgrsjs jpahfjfhomgs,lgslg aj fomstruffhm lg vhvhgmljs, cugnags, gtf. X `jstj aj cjmuijfturj lg onbgtoscuy gspgfhjahzjlos, hmstrucgmtos cushfjags.

Wsos lg aj cjlgrj

Lgslg thgcpos hmcgcorhjags ga `ocnrg `j rgfurrhlo j aj cjlgrj pjrj usos lg thpolocsthfo, gmtrg aos fujags ga cs jmtheuo gs ga lg uthahzjraj foco focnusthnag. Gm ajjftujahljl sg fomsucgm fgrfj lg 6.744.444.444 lg cgtros fnhfos lg cjlgrj gm gacumlo; lg gaaos, jproxhcjljcgmtg ga 76% gs lgsthmjlj j fjagijffhm y foffhm lgjahcgmtos. Ga


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Gxhstgm lhigrgmtgs thpos lg cjlgrj, jaeumjs som najmljs, foco ga phmo, ga fhprs yotrjs lurjs, foco ga qugnrjfò. Jumqug tjcnhm lgmtro lg gstjs fjtgeorjs polgcosgmfomtrjr j ajs lga thpo rgshmosj y j ajs cjlgrjs ihmjs.

Cjlgrjs najmljs2 Vom ifhags lg trjnjbjr y lg foaorgs egmgrjacgmtg cuy

fajros. Fomsthtuyg aj cjtgrhj prhcj pjrj `jfgr ga pjpga. Gbgcpao2 ajco, sjufg,jfjfhj, phmo, gtf.

Cjlgrjs Lurjs2 Vg usjm gm cugnags, gm fomstruffhomgs rgshstgmtgs, gmsugaos lg pjrqu, pjrj jaeumjs `grrjchgmtjs, gtf. Ajs jmtheujs gcnjrfjfhomgs sg`jfjm fom gstg thpo lg cjlgrjs. Gbgcpao2 ônag, Moeja, gtf.

Cjlgrjs rgshmosjs2 Vom gspgfhjacgmtg rgshstgmtgs j aj ùcgljl. Vg usj gmcugnags, gm aj gajnorjfhm lg jaeumos thpos lg pjpga, gtf. Gbgcpaos2 Fglro, fhprs,

gtf. Cjlgrjs ihmjs2 Vg uthahzjm gm jpahfjfhomgs jrtsthfjs, (gsfuaturj y jrquhtgfturj),pjrj cugnags, hmstrucgmtos cushfjags y onbgtos lg jlormo. Gbgcpao2 njmo, jngto,jrfg, gtf.

Vgem aj aomehtul lg sus ihnrjs, ajs cjlgrjs puglgm sgr fajshihfjljs gm cjlgrjs lgihnrjs ajrejs y cjlgrjs lg ihnrjs fortjs. Aj lgmshljl, gs otrj prophgljl hcportjmtg2fjsh toljs ajs cjlgrjs thgmgm umj lgmshljl cgmor qug aj lga jeuj, ao qug ags pgrchtg

iaotjr. Ga forfò

Ga forfò gs um cjtgrhja lg orhegm vgegtja qug provhgmg lg um rnoa2 Ga Jaformoqug. Vgao uthahzj gm aj fomstruffhm, gm lgforjfhm, gm aj ijnrhfjfhm lg fjazjlo, foco jhsajmtgtrchfo, jfsthfo, gtf.

Ga prhcgr pjso pjrj aj ontgmfhm lga forfò fomshstg gm socgtgr aj fortgzj lgajaformoqug j um profgso lg lgsgfjfhm ja jhrg. Augeo sg aos socgtg j aj jffhm lga

fjaor, `jstj qug quglj ahsto pjrj sgr trjmsportjlo j aos auejrgs lomlg sgr uthahzjlopjrj aj ijnrhfjfhm lg aos lhvgrsos proluftos.


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Aos rnoags lg jaformoqug qug sg uthahzjm pjrj aj gxtrjffhm lga forf`o thgmgm cs lg>7 jos lg gljl. Ajs gxtrjffhomgs sg rgjahzjm fjlj :4 jos y por fjlj gxtrjffhmpuglgm ontgmgrsg umos :4 khaoerjcos lg forf`o jproxhcjljcgmtg.

Ga jaeolm

Aos cjtgrhjags ihnrosos g orhegm vgegtja sg fjrjftgrhzjm por su fomsthtufhmihajcgmtosj, ao qug aos `jfg jprophjlos pjrj aj ijnrhfjfhm lg `hajlos, tgbhlos oachmjs lg pjpga. Gmtrg aos cjtgrhjags ihnrosos lg orhegm vgegtja sg gmfugmtrjm gajaeolm y ga ahmo.

Gajaeolm sg gxtrjg lga jaeolomgro y gs lg gmorcg hcportjmfhj gm aj hmlustrhj tgxtha.

Fom ga jaeolm sg ijnrhfjm tolo thpo lg prgmljs lg vgsthr, foco pjmtjaomgs, fjchsjs,cglhjs, tojaajs, cjmtgags, gtf. Ajs tgajs lg jaeolm som rgshstgmtgs, ifhags lg ajvjr ymo prolufgm rgjffhomgs jarehfjs. Gm cglhfhmj sg uthahzj ga jaeolm`hlrihao (qugjnsorng jeuj) pjrj jpahfjr ga ahquhlo lgshmigftjmtg.

Aos pjsos gm aj proluffhm lg jaeolm som aos sheuhgmtgs2


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Trhcgro sg gxtrjg ga iruto lg aj pajmtj. Augeo sg sgpjrjm ajs ihnrjs lg ajs sgchaajs pjrjontgmgr umj ihnrj najmfj lg > j < fc lg aomehtul. Wmj vgz sgagffhomjljs ajs ihnrjs, sgjerupjm gm umj soaj lhrgffhm iorcjmlo `haos lg lhsthmtos erosorgs lgpgmlhgmlo lgauso qug sg ag quhgrj ljr.

Ga jaeolm gs umj ihnrj njstjmtg njrjtj, jptj pjrj aj proluffhm lg tgbhlos, por aotjmto, gs umj ihnrj cuy hcportjmtg gm ga cnhto tgxtha. Ajs prgmljs lg jaeolm somnjstjmtgs lurjlgrjs y rgshstgmtgs ja lgsejstg por aj irhffhm, sg puglgm ajvjr fomijfhahljl, y rgshstgm jatjs tgcpgrjturjs lg aj pajmf`j. Jlgcs som prgmljs cuyfcoljs, y gm aos athcos jos sg `j hmtgmtjlo pgrigffhomjr aj ihnrj lg jaeolm pjrjcgborjr su prgsgmfhj shm mgfgshljl lg pajmf`jraj.

Ga ahmo

Ga ahmo gs umj pajmtj jmuja, fuyjs ihnrjs som lg foaor najmfo y chlg gmtrg >4 y 74 cc.

Vg fuathvj cuf`o por sus ihnrjs y sgchaajs. Lg ajs ihnrjs sg onthgmgm aos `haos y tgbhloslg ahmo y lg aj sgchaaj sg gxtrjg ga jfghtg lg ahmjzj (sgfjmtg lg njrmhfgs y phmturjs) y

umj pjstj usjlj pjrj jahcgmtjr ja ejmjlo, sonrg tolo ja vjfumo.


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Ajs ihnrjs lg ahmo sg gxtrjgm cglhjmtg ajcjfgrjfhm lg aos tjaaos. Gstg profgso sgrgjahzj cjf`jfjmlo y cjfgrjmlo aos tjaaos `jstj rocpgraos aomehtulhmjacgmtg. Augeolg quhtjr ajs pjrtgs agosjs, sg pghmjm ajs ihnrjs pjrj sgagffhomjr ajs cgborgs.

Ajs tgajs lg ahmo som cs rgshstgmtgs qug ajs lg jaeolm, jumqug cgmos jhsajmtgs lgafjaor y cgmos iagxhnags.

Ga trjtjchgmto hmlustrhja lga ahmo gs shchajr ja lga jaeolm. Trhcgro sg jerupjm ajs ihnrjsgm `haos, augeo sg jacjfgmjm gm nonhmjs y, ihmjacgmtg, sg iorcjm aos tgbhlos lg ajslhigrgmtgs prgmljs.

Vu prhmfhpja jpahfjfhm sg rgjahzj gm aj hmlustrhj tgxtha, qug ao uthahzj pjrj ijnrhfjr tgbhloshrrgeuajrgs, cjaos fomluftorgs lga fjaor, por ao qug ajs tgajs ontgmhljs fom ahmo somjhsajmtgs y njstjmtg irgsfjs.

Tor otrj pjrtg aj, fjahljl qug thgmg ga ahmo pjrj jnsorngr rphljcgmtg ga jeuj `jfg qugsgj cuy hmlhfjlo pjrj fomigffhomjr tojaajs.

Ga fugro

Fugro, phga lg jmhcja prgpjrjlj quchfjcgmtg pjrj prolufhr um cjtgrhja ronusto,iagxhnag y rgshstgmtg j aj putrgijffhm. Fjsh tolj aj proluffhm cumlhja lg fugroprofglg lg phgags lg ejmjlo vjfumo, fjprhmo y ajmjr. \jcnhm sg gcpagjm, gm cgmorproporfhm, phgags lg fjnjaao, fgrlo, fjmeuro, fhgrvo, iofj, corsj y lhvgrsos rgpthags.

Gm aj jftujahljl thgmg umj hmihmhtj g jpahfjfhomgs, sg usj pjrj ijnrhfjr fjazjlo,fhmturomgs, vjshbjs, shaaomgs, gtf.


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Jmtgs lg polgr sgr uthahzjlos, aos fugros lgngm sgr prgpjrjlos. Aj prgpjrjfhm lgaos fugros sg rgjahzj lg aj sheuhgmtg iorcj2

Lgnhlo j su iagxhnhahljl, rgshstgmfhj j aj `ucgljl, pgrcgjnhahljl irgmtg ja jhrg y javjpor lg jeuj, ga fugro gs um nugm cjtgrhja pjrj fomigffhomjr fjazjlo. Jlgcs sgfomsgrvj cuy nhgm y su fuhljlo rgsuatj cuy sgmfhaao cglhjmtg frgcjs (ahquhljs o mo).

Gm aj jftujahljl ga fugro shmtthfo `j susthtuhlo gm erjm pjrtg ga uso lg orhegm jmhcja.

Gmtrg gstos colgrmos proluftos `jy pasthfos, foco ga poah faorur lg vhmhao, o ihnrjsmo tgbhljs hcprgemjljs fom jegmtgs jeaocgrjmtgs. Gstos cjtgrhjags fjrgfgm lg ajporoshljl, iagxhnhahljl y rgshstgmfhj lga fugro. Vhm gcnjreo, su proluffhm rgsuatj csnjrjtj qug aj lga fugro, por ao qug sg `jm `gf`o fom umj fuotj lg cgrfjlohcportjmtg, sonrg tolo gm aj hmlustrhj lga fjazjlo.

Vg quhtj aj phga lga jmhcja, sg ag jpahfj sja y sgfj pjrj gvhtjr ajputrgijffhm.

Augeo sg ag jpahfj fja j aj phga y sg quhtjm aos rgstos lg fjrmg y lgpgaos.

Wmj vgz gahchmjlj aj fja, sg profglg j furthraj pjrj ontgmgr ga fugro;gsto sg rgjahzj cglhjmtg aj jpahfjfhm lga tjmhmo o lg otros proluftosshchajrgs.

Ga furthlo gs ga profgso ihmja cglhjmtg ga fugro sg vugavg cs iagxhnag y

sujvg ao ug grchtg usjrao gm aj fomigffhm lg lhsthmtos roluftos.


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Aos cgtjags

Aos cgtjags sg uthahzjrom gm lhvgrsjs jpahfjfhomgs lgslg aj cs rgcotj jmthegljl. Gapaoco, aj pajtj, ga fonrg, ga oro y ga `hgrro, sg aos `j polhlo lgtgftjr gm onbgtos lg cslg 7.444 jos. Grjm trjnjbjlos lga chsco colo qug ajs phglrjs, gs lgfhr sg ags ljnjiorcj eoapgmloaos.

Aos cgtjags sg gxtrjgm morcjacgmtg lg fhgrtos chmgrjags. Cuy pofos sg gmfugmtrjmsoaos, gm gstjlo mjturja; `jnhtujacgmtg iorcjm focpugstos fom otros gagcgmtosquchfos. Aj pjrtg tha lga chmgrja sg aajcj cgmj, y aj pjrtg qug sg lgsgf`j sg aajcjejmej.

Fjrjftgrsthfjs lg aos cgtjags2

Aos cgtjags som gagcgmtos quchfos qug sg onthgmgm j pjrthr lg fhgrtos chmgrjags qugsg gmfugmtrjm gm aj mjturjagzj.

Aos cgtjags thgmgm jaeumjs fjrjftgrsthfjs prophjs, aajcjljs fjrjftgrsthfjs ishfjs,por gbgcpao2

Trgsgmtjmlhigrgmtgs foaorgs. Jumqug aj cjyorj som erhsgs tjcnhm `jy cgtjags lgotros foaorgs, foco ga oro (jcjrhaao), o ga fonrg (robhzo).

Vomluros y rgshstgmtgs . \jrljm cuf`shco thgcpo gm lgtgrhorjrsg y som rgshstgmtgs

j aos eoapgs.^gsuatjm sahlos j tgcpgrjturj jcnhgmtg . Ga mhfo cgtja aquhlo j tgcpgrjturjjcnhgmtg gs ga cgrfurho.

Vomcjagjnags . Aj cjyorj lg aos cgtjags puglg gsthrjrsg gm iorcj lg achmj shmqugnrjrsg.

Vom lfthags. Jaeumos cgtjags puglgm gsthrjrsg y iorcjr `haos o jajcnrgs shrocpgrsg.

^gsuatjm nugmosfomluftorgs lga fjaor y aj gagftrhfhljl . Tor gbgcpao sg uthahzjmpjrj ijnrhfjr fjnags, qug sg usjm gm ajs hmstjajfhomgs gagfthfjs.

Ga @hgrro

Ga hgrro gs ga cgtja cs fomofhlo y thgmg hmihmhljl lg jpahfjfhomgs, sg uthahzj pjrj ajproluffhm lg jfgro, gm cjquhmjrhjs, cglhos lg trjmsportg, jrcjs, fajvos tormhaaos,`grrjchgmtjs, gmvjsgs, gtf.


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Cjtgrhja lg jpoyo Trofglhc

Troigsor2 Mstor @orjfho Fjsthghrj

Ga Jauchmho

Ga jauchmho gs ga cgtja lfom ga thgcpo y gs njstjmtpjrj ajs fomstruffhomgs lg

Ga fonrg

Ga fonrg lg foaor robhzo, glga fjaor y aj gagftrhfhljl.gaftrhfj. \jcnhm sg usj

Ga Froco

Ga froco iug lgsfunhgrtorgfunrhr onbgtos lg otros

`hgrro pjrj qug mo sg oxhl

hgmtos \fmhfos vhmfuajlos j aj proluffhm hmlustrhja,. . .

www.tgfmoao

cjyor uso, lgspus lga `hgrro. Gs ahvhjmorgshstgmtg. Gstjs fujahljlgs ao jfgm pjrth

jgromjvgs y fomluftorgs gm amgjs lg jatj

s fomofhlo lgslg aj prg`hstorhj. Gs um gxfAj cjyor pjrtg lg aj proluffhm sg rgsgrm fjalgrjs y gquhpos lg fjagijffhm.

gm :858. Bumto fom ga zhmf sg uthahzj fogtjags qug puglgm lgtgrhorjrsg. Tor gbgc

.

(Gm fomstruffhm)

hj-tgfmhfj.foc.jr

mo sg lgtgrhorjfuajrcgmtg jptogmfhm.

agmtg fomluftorj j aj hmlustrhj

o cjtgrhja pjrjpao sg frocj ga


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Ga Taoco

Ga paoco grj jcpahjcgmtg usjlo gm aj jmthegljl. Jftujacgmtg sg uthahzj gmproygfthags, gm aj fomstruffhm lg njtgrjs, gm gsfulos pjrj protgffhm lg iugmtgsrjlhojfthvjs, gtf. Gs najmlo y lg foaor erhs osfuro.

Ga Rhmf

Ga zhmf sg uthahzj fjsh gxfaushvjcgmtg pjrj prgsgrvjr ajs f`jpjs lg `hgrro lg ajoxhljfhm. J gstg profglhchgmto sg ao lgmochmj ejavjmhzjlo.

Ga Gstjo

Ga gstjo gs um cgtja najmlo, pajtgjlo qug iumlg j njbj tgcpgrjturj (>6>Fgmterjlos). Vg usj foco gmvoatorho lg eoaoshmjs y gm iorcj lg pjpga cgtjahzjlo, gmsoaljlurjs, gtf.


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Aos cgtjags monags

Aos cgtjags monags(Oro, pajtj y pajthmo), som cuy jprgfhjlos porqug mo suirgmjatgrjfhomgs por aj jffhm lg aj jtcsigrj y lg aj cjyorj lg aos focpugstosquchfos. Vg uthahzjm gm boygrj, gm jpahfjfhomgs gaftrhfjs, gm jfujlo lg comgljs,gtf. Aj pajtj gs ga cgbor fomluftor lg aj gagftrhfhljl.

\htjmho

Lgnhlo j qug gs ahvhjmo y rgshstgmtg, ga thtjmho sg usj gm jgromuthfj rgcpajzjmlo jajauchmho. Foco soportj jatshcjs tgcpgrjturjs gs jlgfujlo pjrj mjvgs gspjfhjags yjvhomgs lg jatj vgaofhljl. Gs cuy rgshstgmtg j aj forroshm.


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Ontgmfhm lg aos cgtjags

Aj gxtrjffhm lg aos chmgrjags puglg `jfgrsg supgrihfhjacgmtg, o nhgm gm chmjssuntgrrmgjs.

J pjrthr lga chmgrja, lgng sgpjrjrsg ga cgtja fomtgmhlo gm ga. Trhcgro sg trhturj gacjtgrhja, sgpjrmlosg aos ermuaos lga tjcjo jlgfujlo.

J fomthmujfhm cglhjmtg jaem profglhchgmto lg sgpjrjfhm (cjemgthsco, iaotjfhm,gtf.) sg lgsprgmlg aj ejmej. Tor athco, umj sgrhg lg rgjffhomgs quchfjs pgrchtgjffglgr ja cgtja2 Gm gstos profglhchgmtos sg uthahzj `jnhtujacgmtg jaem thpo lgfjrnm.

Gm fjsos gspgfhjags gs mgfgsjrho rgfurrhr j otros cglhos foco aj gagftrhfhljl.

Aos cgtjags js ontgmhlos mo som totjacgmtg puros y lgngm sgr socgthlos j umj

purhihfjfhm ihmja, fuyos pjsos lgpgmlgrm lga cjtgrhja gm fugsthm.Aj forroshm gs ga lgtgrhoro lg aos cgtjags lgnhlo j aj jffhm lga oxhegmo y otrjssustjmfhjs. Aos cgtjags thgmgm umj tgmlgmfhj mjturja j voavgr j su gstjlo mo puro. Ajforrgffhm gs aj fomsgfugmfhj lg gstj tgmlgmfhj.

Ajs jagjfhomgs

Ajs jagjfhomgs som cgzfajs lg cgtjags2 sg onthgmgm iumlhgmlo aos cgtjags

fomsthtuygmtgs gm ajs proporfhomgs jlgfujljs.

Ontgmfhm lg aos proluftos j trjvs lg aos cgtjags

Ga coalgo y iumlhfhm

Tjrj polgr ontgmgr proluftos tgrchmjlos j pjrthr lg aos lhigrgmtgs cgtjags gs

mgfgsjrho ljrag ja onbgto aj iorcj qug sg lgsgj ontgmgr. Wmo lg aos cgfjmhscos pjrj

Aj iumlhfhm, aj iorbj, aj ajchmjfhm y aj cjtrhfgrj.


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rgjahzjr gstj opgrjfhm sg lgmochmj coalgo; gm gstj opgrjfhm sg trjtj lg voafjr gacgtja iumlhlo gm um coalg fom aj iorcj lgsgjlj.

Ga coalg puglg sgr tgcporja o pgrcjmgmtg.

Coalg pgrcjmgmtgVg ijnrhfjm lg `hgrro y sg uthahzjm pjrj rgjahzjr phgzjs gm sgrhg.

Coalg tgcporja.

Tjrj `jfgr um coalg tgcporja, prhcgro, sg prgpjrj umj phgzj, aajcjlj colgao,hlmthfj j aj qug sg quhgrg iumlhr, egmgrjacgmtg lg cjlgrj, ygso, fgrj o jaem pasthfofoco ga poahgthagmo gxpjmlhlo ( tgaeopor). Augeo sg prgpjrjm ajs fjbjs gm los pjrtgs(Fjbj njbgrj y fjbj sonrg) umj vgz hmtrolufhlo ga colgao gm aj fjbjs, sg ag jergej

thgrrj gspgfhja pjrj ga coalgo, aj fuja lgng fucpahr fhgrtos rgquhshtos y sg aj jphsomj,fom aj ihmjahljl qug aj thgrrj rolgg ga colgao fophjmlo su iorcj.

Ihmjacgmtg sg gxtrjg ga colgao y quglj ga `ugfo fom aj iorcj lg aj phgzj qugqugrgcos iumlhr, pjrj lgspus vgrtgrag ga cgtja iumlhlo, y gspgrjr qug gstg sg gmirhpjrj js, lgscoaljr aj phgzj y ontgmgr ga prolufto lgsgjlo.


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Aos colgaos lg tgaeopor puglgm mo gxtrjgrsg, yj qug ja gmtrjr ga cgtja iumlhlo, gatgaeopor sg qugcg fomvhrthmlosg gm ejs.

Fujmlo sg quhgrg `jfgr fom ga chsco coalg cuf`js phgzjs y lg cgbor fjahljl sgusjm coalgs lg cgtja. Gstg ctolo sg aajcj foquhaaj.

Iumlhfhm lg `hgrro

Aj iorbj

Cglhjmtg aj iorbj sg lgiorcj ga cgtja gm iro o gm fjahgmtg eoapgmloao fom um cjrthaao.

Fujmlo j um trozo lg cgtja sg ao fjahgmtj `jstj fhgrtj tgcpgrjturj, aajcjlj lg iorbj(hmigrhor j aj lg iumlhfhm), tocmloao fom umjs phmzjs, sg ao puglg coalgjrcjrthaamloao. Gsto sg `jfg fom aj iugrzj `ucjmj. Aos `grrgros lgnjm sgr cuy iugrtgsy gxpgrtos pjrj fomtroajr sus covhchgmtos fom aj prgfhshm mgfgsjrhj pjrj ljr j ajsphgzjs aj iorcj nusfjlj. Wm gbgcpao lg phgzjs nusfjljs som ajs `grrjlurjs lg aosfjnjaaos.

\jcnhm gxhstgm cjquhmjs pjrj iorbjr y sg uthahzjm coalgs, fom umj chtjl jsgmtjlj gmaj njsg lg aj hmstjajfhm y otrj gm um ehejmtgsfo cjrthaao. Ja fjgr eoapgj y aj phgzj

tocj aj iorcj lga coalg.


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Ga ajchmjlo

Ga ajchmjlo sg rgjahzj focprhchgmlo ga cgtja gmtrg los rolhaaos qug ehrjm gm sgmthlo

opugsto.Wmo lg aos cjtgrhjags cs uthahzjlos gm aj cgtjaurehj gs aj f`jpj. Vg aj ijnrhfj, gmlhsthmtos gspgsorgs, j pjrthr lg vjrhos cgtjags foco ga jfgro, fonrg, jauchmho, gtf.

Tjrj aagejr j aj f`jpj, ga cjtgrhja sg profgsj cglhjmtg aj tfmhfj lga ajchmjlo. Gstjfomshstg gm pjsjr ga cgtja fjahgmtg (gm egmgrja gm iorcj lg ahmeotgs), `jstj qug ajf`jpj jlquhgrg ga gspgsor nusfjlo. Tjrj jafjmzjr gspgsorgs lgaejlos, ga ajchmjlosg sugag tgrchmjr gm irh.


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Ga gstjcpjlo o cjtrhfgrj

Ajs f`jpjs qug sg onthgmgm por ajchmjfhm sg puglgm gstjcpjr gm fjahgmtg o gm irhpor cglho lg aj cjtrhfgrj.

Tjrj `jfgr proluftos pjrthgmlo lg f`jpjs cgtahfjs sg uthahzj aj tfmhfj lg cjtrhfgrj.Aj cquhmj pjrj gstj tjrgj sg aajcj prgmsj, gm aj qug sg hmstjajm ajs cjtrhfgs. Ajscjtrhfgs (shchajrgs gm su iumfhm ja coalg) fomstjm lg los pjrtgs, umj supgrhor y otrjhmigrhor. Aj pjrtg supgrhor sg puglg lgspajzjr sonrg eujs `jfhj aj hmigrhor.

Aj f`jpj sgfoaofj gmtrgjcnjs pjrtgs y

gstrjmsiorcjlj y

fortjlj,qugljmlo lg aj

iorcj quglgtgrchmjm ajs

cjtrhfgs.


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Tjrj cjtrhzjlos qug rgquhgrgm cuf`j iugrzj, ajs prgmsjs uthahzjm gmgrej `hlruahfj,por ao qug sg aj aajcj prgmsjs `hlruahfjs.

Tjrj cjtrhzjlos qug mo rgquhgrgm tjmtj iugrzj, sg uthahzjm prgmsjs qug sg sugagmaajcjr njajmfhmgs.

Gcnuthlo proiumlo

Furvjturj


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Aj fomstruffhm lg cjtrhfgs gs umj tjrgj cuy focpagbj, ga oihfho lg cjtrhfgro rgquhgrgfomofgr j fgrfj lg cjquhmjs `grrjchgmtjs, lg cjtgrhjags lg fomstruffhm lg cjtrhfgsy lga cjtgrhja lg f`jpj fom ga qug sg vjm j prolufhr ajs phgzjs.

Fom gstg ctolo sg `jfgm por gbgcpao ajs f`jpjs lg fjrrofgrj lg jutocvhags.

\fmhfj

Lgihmhfhm2

Wmjtfmhfj gs um profglhchgmto o fombumto lg gstos, (rgeajs, morcjs o protofoaos),qug thgmgm foco onbgthvo ontgmgr um rgsuatjlo lgtgrchmjlo, yj sgj gm ga fjcpo lg ajfhgmfhj, lg aj tgfmoaoej, lga jrtg, lg aj glufjfhm o gm fujaquhgr otrj jfthvhljl.

Aj tfmhfj gs um fombumto lg sjngrgs prfthfos o profglhchgmtos pjrj ontgmgr gargsuatjlo lgsgjlo. Wmj tfmhfj puglg sgr jpahfjlj gm fujaquhgr cnhto ùcjmo2fhgmfhjs, jrtg, glufjfhm gtf. Jumqug mo gs prhvjthvj lga òcnrg, sus tfmhfjs sugagmsgr cs focpagbjs qug aj lg aos jmhcjags, qug sao rgspomlgm j su mgfgshljl lgsupgrvhvgmfhj.

Gm aos ùcjmos aj tfmhfj cuf`js vgfgs mo gs fomsfhgmtg o rgiagxhvj, hmfausopjrgfgrj qug cuf`js tfmhfjs som gspomtmgjs g hmfauso hmmjtjs.Aj tfmhfj rgquhgrg lg lgstrgzj cjmuja y/o hmtgagftuja, egmgrjacgmtg fom ga uso lg`grrjchgmtjs. Ajs tfmhfjs sugagm trjmschtgm lg pgrsomj j pgrsomj, y fjlj pgrsomjajs jljptj j sus eustos o mgfgshljlgs y puglg cgborjrajs.Aj tfmhfj sureh lg aj mgfgshljl ùcjmj lg colhihfjr su cglho. Mjfg gm ajhcjehmjfhm y augeo sg aagvj j aj fomfrgfhm, shgcprg lg iorcj gcprhfj.


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Fjrjftgrsthfjs lg aj tfmhfj

Mjfg gm aj hcjehmjfhm y augeo sg pomg gm prfthfj, cuf`js vgfgsmjfg lg aj prugnj y ga grror.

Vg sugag trjmschthr gmtrg pgrsomjs y sg cgborj fom ga thgcpo y ajprfthfj.

Fjlj pgrsomj ag hcprhcg su sgaao pgrsomja.

Mo gs gxfaushvj lg aos `ucjmos, jumqug sus tfmhfjs som csfocpagbjs.


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\fmhfjs opgrjthvjspjrj trjnjbos gm

cjlgrj


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\fmhfjs opgrjthvjs lga fjrphmtgro

Ga trjnjbo lg aj cjlgrj gs umj lg ajs jfthvhljlgs lg aj hmlustrhja ùcjmj cs jmtheujqug gxhstg por ao fuja gm fjlj fuaturj y rgehomgs gmfomtrjrgcos lhigrgmtgs cjmgrjs y`grrjchgmtjs lg trjnjbjr gstg ngaao cjtgrhja.

Ga Fjrphmtgro

Fjrphmtgro gs aj pgrsomj fuyo oihfho gs ga trjnjbo gm aj cjlgrj, yj sgj pjrj ajfomstruffhm (pugrtjs, vgmtjmjs, gtf.) foco gm conhahjrho. Ga Gnjmhstj, gs ga fjrphmtgrogspgfhjahzjlo gm aj gajnorjfhm lg cugnags.

Fjrphmtgrj

Fjrphmtgrj gs ga mocnrg lga oihfho y lga tjaagr o auejr lomlg sg trjnjbj aj cjlgrj y sus

lgrhvjlos fom ga onbgthvo lg fjcnhjr su iorcj ishfj pjrj frgjr onbgtos thags jalgsjrroaao ùcjmo foco puglgm sgr cugnags pjrj ga òejr, cjrfos lg pugrtjs yvgmtjmjs, fjnjjs, bueugtgs, gsfrhtorhos lg trjnjbo, gtf.

Cglhr y trjzjr

Jmtgs lg gcpgzjr j trjnjbjr um trozo lg cjlgrj, gs mgfgsjrho cglhr y trjzjr jqugaajsamgjs qug mos hmlhqugm fuags som ajs pjrtgs qug sg `jm lg fortjr, jeubgrgjr o gah-chmjr. Aj prgfhshm ja tocjr ajs cglhljs gs hmlhspgmsjnag pjrj ontgmgr nugmos

rgsuatjlos, sonrg tolo pjrj ontgmgr umhomgs gstjnags y qug rgshstjm aos gsiugrzos.Ajs `grrjchgmtjs prhmfhpjags som cuy sgmfhaajs2 um aphz, umj fhmtj ctrhfj rehlj opagejnag, umj gsfujlrj, umj rgeaj y umj fuf`haaj o um pumzm pjrj sgjajr.

Cs jlgajmtg, polrs uthahzjr `grrjchgmtjs cs gspgfihfjs foco ga focps, gaeomhcgtro y ga fjahnrg pjrj hmtgrhorgs y gxtgrhorgs.

Trhmfhpjags hmstrucgmtos lg cglhr y trjzjr


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Ga aphz

Gs mgfgsjrho qug sgj ajreo, qug sg puglj foegr fcoljcgmtg fom tolj aj cjmo yqug gst shgcprg nhgm jihajlo (njstj fom pjsjr aj pumtj sonrg um pjpga lg ahbj).\jcnhm sg puglg uthahzjr um portjchmjs lg 4,7 cc.

Aj lurgzj cs jprophjlj gs aj cglhjmj, qug mo rjyj aj supgrihfhg sonrg aj qug sgtrjzjm ajs amgjs. Ajs chmjs cs najmljs som cs jprophjljs pjrj ajs cjlgrjsnajmljs o pjrj cjrfjr ajs amgjs fom umj `grrjchgmtj lg fortg. Ajs cs lurjs somcs jprophjljs pjrj ajs cjlgrjs cs rgshstgmtgs o pjrj sgjajr ajs amgjs shm rgfurrhrj aj fuf`haaj lg cjrfjr.

Aj fuf`haaj lg cjrfjr

Aj fuf`haaj lg cjrfjr shrvg pjrj sgjajr fom proiumlhljl ajs amgjs lg fortg y ijfhahtjr,lg gstj iorcj, ga trjnjbo postgrhor lg aj shgrrj o lga iorcm. \jcnhm shrvg pjrjprgvgmhr qug sg iorcgm jsthaajs gm aj phgzj qug gstjcos trjnjbjmlo, pugsto qug sgtrjtj lg um hmfomvgmhgmtg qug sg prolufg ifhacgmtg fom aj cjlgrj fomtrjf`jpjlj, ajcjlgrj f`jpjlj y ga jeaocgrjlo.

Ga thpo lg fuf`haaj lg cjrfjr cs sgmfhaao gst lotjlo lg umj òbj erugsj foaofjljsonrg um cjmeo lg cjlgrj. Vh qugrgcos trjzjr o erjnjr amgjs cuy prgfhsjs gs cgboruthahzjr umj euj lg cgtja.

Ga ftgr

Otrj `grrjchgmtj cuy tha gs ga ftgr, qug shrvg pjrj lhsthmtos thpos lg trjnjbo. Aj òbj

morcja shrvg pjrj trjzjr aj cjlgrj cjfhzj y pjrj fortjr aj cs lgaejlj; tjcnhm sgusj pjrj fortjr ga fugro, ajs òbjs lgaejljs lg pasthfo, ga pjpga y ga fjrtm. Aj òbj


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cs erugsj shrvg pjrj fortjr aj cjlgrj fomtrjf`jpjlj, ga ihgatro, aj coqugtj, aosrgvgsthchgmtos tgxthags pjrj pjrglgs g hmfauso puglg uthahzjrsg pjrj rjsfjr aos njrmhfgsjmtheuos.

Aj òbj furvjlj sg uthahzj pjrj fortjr ajs pajmf`js vhmahfjs pjrj ga sugao y aos tgbhlospgsjlos, chgmtrjs qug aj fmfjvj gs cuy prfthfj fujmlo sg `j lg fortjr pjpgaphmtjlo. Gxhstg tjcnhm umj òbj lg jfgro gspgfhja pjrj fortjr òbjs lg ajchmjlopasthfo lg rgvgsthchgmto foco aj irchfj.

Vh mo gstjcos sgeuros gm ga cocgmto lg lgfhlhr sh cglhr fom ga aphz o fom aj fuf`haajlg cjrfjr, gs cgbor tgmgr prgsgmtg qug umj amgj `gf`j fom ga aphz sg puglg norrjrfom umj eocj gm fjso lg grror, chgmtrjs qug umj trjzjlj gm proiumlhljl fom ajfuf`haaj, mo. Tor ao tjmto gs fomvgmhgmtg, sh mo tgmgcos cuf`j prfthfj, trjzjr prhcgro

ajs amgjs fom ga aphz y rgpjsjrajs lgspus, fujmlo gstgcos sgeuros, fom aj fuf`haaj.

Ga focps

Ga focps gsfoajr morcja pgrchtg lhnubjr frfuaos pgrigftos y amgjs furvjs lg lh-cgtro pgqugo. Vhm gcnjreo, pjrj aos otros thpos lg trjnjbo lgngcos uthahzjr umfocps gspgfhja, lotjlo lg umj pgqugj òbj jihajlj. Fujmlo usgcos gstg focpstgmlrgcos qug cjmtgmgr aj pumtj ihbj iugrtgcgmtg y gbgrfgr umj prgshm fomstjmtgsonrg aj òbj fortjmtg.

Ga focps lg pumtj ihbj thgmg umj sgeumlj pumtj gm ga auejr lga aphz y shrvg pjrjtrjzjr cglhljs heujags y tjcnhm amgjs pjrjagajs. Vh qugrgcos lhnubjr frfuaos cserjmlgs lg aos qug sg onthgmgm fom ga focps morcja polgcos fomstruhrmos umj cuyifhacgmtg fom um ahstm rgfto lg cjlgrj fujlrjlo o rgftjmeuajr. \gmgcos qug jpahfjr

gm umo lg aos gxtrgcos um fajvo, qug `jr ajs iumfhomgs lg aj pumtj ihbj, lg cjmgrj


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qug sonrgsjaej umos 6 o < cc, y augeo `jfgr um jeubgro gm ga otro gxtrgco pjrjhmtrolufhr um aphz o umj pumtj pjrj polgr lhnubjr.

Ga erjchaVg trjtj lg umj `grrjchgmtj qug uthahzjm cufò aos fjrphmtgros y qug shrvg pjrj trjzjr,fom cuf`j prgfhshm, amgjs pjrjagajs gm aj phgzj lg cjlgrj qug lgngcos trjnjbjr.

Ga erjcha fom umj mhfj pumtj gst focpugsto por um jstj pgqugj, fom umj pumtj lgjfgro gm su gxtrgchljl y um soportg forrglgrj qug puglg ihbjrsg fom um tormhaao.

Tjrj ihbjr aj jcpahtul lga trjzjlo, lgngcos foaofjr ga soportg gm aj poshfhm qug mospjrgzfj cs forrgftj y jprgtjr ahegrjcgmtg ga tormhaao lg fhgrrg; lgspus mos

jsgeurjrgcos lg aj cglhlj fom ga cgtro o fom aj gsfujlrj chahcgtrjlj y augeo jprg-tjrgcos ja cxhco ga tormhaao. Fom umj cjmo gcpujrgcos ga jstj lga erjcha y fom ajotrj, aj pumtj qug trjzj, cjmtgmhmloaj um pofo hmfahmjlj rgspgfto j aj supgrihfhg lg ajcjlgrj. Covgrgcos aj `grrjchgmtj ja cgmos um pjr lg vgfgs `jfhj jtrs y `jfhjjlgajmtg pjrj qug sg jfgmtg aj cjrfj sheuhgmlo ajs ihnrjs lg aj cjlgrj.

Gxhstgm tjcnhm otros colgaos lg erjcha2 ga qug aagvj umj òbj mo thgmg aj pumtj lgjfgro susthtuhlj prgfhsjcgmtg por umj òbj pgqugj y sg uthahzj pjrj fortjr òbjslg f`jpjs lg cjlgrj, fjrtm, phga y otros cjtgrhjags ihmos; gs cs irgfugmtg uthahzjraopjrj trjzjr amgjs j trjvs lg ajs ihnrjs gmtrg ajs qug aj pumtj polrj naoqugjrsg yprovofjr ljos.

Ga erjcha lg cortjbjr gst lotjlo lg los pumtjs, umj ihbj y otrj cvha; gs cuy prfthfopjrj trjzjr ajs amgjs pjrjagajs lg ajs umhomgs j gsphej y fjbj.

Fomsgbos pjrj trjzjr fom prgfhshm Tjrj rgjahzjr amgjs cuy prgfhsjs, uthahzjrgcos umj fuf`haaj lg cjrfjr fom aj òbj

ronustj o um iorcm.

Ajs rgeajs y ajs gsfujlrjs lg cgtja som cs fjrjs pgro lurjm cufò cs thgcpo.


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Tjrj mo jihajr ga aphz fomthmujcgmtg, uthahzjrgcos um portjchmjs chmj lg 4,7 cclg lhcgtro.

Vh sg thgmgm qug lhnubjr cuf`js phgzjs gm sgrhg gs cgbor fomstruhrsg umj pajmthaajlg fjrtm o lg fomtrjf`jpjlo cuy lgaejlj.

Tjrj rgjahzjr jeubgros euj fom cjyor prgfhshm, gs cgbor uthahzjr umj pumtj lgtrjzjr.

Ijasj gsfujlrj

Tolgcos rgeuajraj pjrj tolos aos thpos lg meuaos.


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Mhvga

Tgrchtg vgrhihfjr ga mhvga vgrthfja u `orhzomtja lg ajs supgrihfhgs.

Cgtro pagejnag y fhmtj ctrhfj

Vhrvgm pjrj tocjr cglhljs lg aomehtul.

@grrjchgmtjs y jffgsorhos

Ajs corljzjs y aos ejtos

Ajs corljzjs y aos ejtos som jffgsorhos hmlhspgmsjnags pjrj trjnjbjr fom prgfhshm y

sgeurhljl. Lg `gf`o, shrvgm pjrj cjmtgmgr ihbjs gm umj poshfhm ajs phgzjs qug lgngmfortjrsg, jeubgrgjrsg o ahcjrsg; som jnsoautjcgmtg mgfgsjrhos, jlgcs, pjrjcjmtgmgr umhljs ajs phgzjs gm ajs opgrjfhomgs lg gmfoajlo o lg gmfjbg.

Jlgcs lga fashfo tormhaao lg njmfo, tha pjrj umj hmihmhljl lg trjnjbos, gxhstg umjerjm vjrhgljl lg corljzjs y ejtos gspgfihfos, lgsthmjlos j trjnjbos foco ga comtjbglg ajs formhsjs y aos gmsjcnags cglhjmtg fajvhbjs. Lg fjlj colgao gxhstgm cuf`jsvgrshomgs sgem ajs lhcgmshomgs lg ajs phgzjs qug sg `jm lg trjnjbjr.


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Tgro tjcnhm gs poshnag naoqugjr onbgtos lgahfjlos o phgzjs lg cjlgrj najmlj,lhrgftjcgmtg gm ga tormhaao lg njmfo, protgehmloajs fom los tjnahtjs lg cjlgrj ojpahfjmlo sonrg ajs fjrrgrjs ajs protgffhomgs lg eocj o lg pasthfo qug gxhstgmgspgfhjacgmtg pjrj gaao.

Aos ejtos

Tjrj aos onbgtos cuy pgqugos, ao hlgja gs ga ejto lg colgahstj o lg boygro, lotjlo lgumj o los phmzjs pjrj cjmtgmgr gstjnag aj cjlgrj y lg um frhstja lg jucgmto qug mospgrchtj rgjahzjr trjnjbos lg prgfhshm.

Lg aos tormhaaos gm E gxhstg umj ejcj cuy jcpahj lg tjcjos, fom umj jngrturj, quglgpgmlg lg ajs lhcgmshomgs. \hgmg umj jpgrturj lg ajs fjrrgrjs suihfhgmtg pjrj

naoqugjr tjcnhm aos trjvgsjos y ajs tjnajs; jaeumos colgaos sg puglgm usjrtjcnhm foco yumqug.

Morcjacgmtg posgg um potgmtg ejto qug pgrchtg ihbjraj ja pajmo lg trjnjbo y jaeumoscolgaos pgrchtgm ehrjr ajs fjrrgrjs 694 shm covgr aj njsg.

Tjrj trjnjbjr onbgtos irehags gs jfomsgbjnag uthahzjr umj corljzj lg colgahstj, qugjprhgtj ajs phgzjs fom cs lgahfjlgzj y mo gs cs qug umj vgrshm gm chmhjturj lgatormhaao lg njmfo.

Tjrj usjraos tgmgcos qug jnrhr `jstj aj jmf`urj lgsgjlj y augeo fgrrjrao fom gatormhaao lg ihbjfhm.


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Fomsgbo pjrj cjmtgmgr ihbjs ajs phgzjs j trjnjbjr Gsfoegrgcos um tormhaao lg njmfo orhgmtjnag, qug mos pgrchtj ehrjr aj phgzj y

trjnjbjraj lg aj iorcj cs fcolj.

Tjrj trjnjbjr gm aj corljzj onbgtos lg cjlgrj najmlj, aos protgegrgcos fom lospgljzos lg cjlgrj o lg eocj.

Aos ejtos fom cugaag som aos cs prfthfos porqug sg foaofjm fom umj soaj cjmo.

Hmfauso ajs shcpags phmzjs lg foaejr aj ropj puglgm sgrmos thags pjrj ihbjr phgzjspgqugjs y rgvgsthchgmtos pjrj pgejr.

Aj shgrrj y ga Vgrruf`o

Gxhstgm gm ga cgrfjlo vjrhos thpos lg shgrrjs lg cjlgrj, cuy lhsthmtjs gmtrg gaajs porsu iorcj y tjcjo y qug lgngcos gsfoegr lgpgmlhgmlo lga thpo lg fortg qug `gcos

lg gigftujr y sgem ajs fjrjftgrsthfjs lg aj cjlgrj.


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Aj òbj gst iorcjlj por umj sgrhg lg lhgmtgs trhsfjlos, gs lgfhr, hmfahmjlos ja-tgrmjthvjcgmtg `jfhj aj lgrgf`j y `jfhj aj hzquhgrlj; gstj lhsposhfhm lg aos lhgmtgsshrvg pjrj `jfgr sjahr ajs vhrutjs y ga jsgrrm y pjrj ijfhahtjr ga covhchgmto lg aj òbj.

Ajs shgrrjs gstm cjrfjljs hmlhfjmlo ga mucgro l lhgmtgs cs umo qug sggmfugmtrjm gm >7 cc lg òbj. Wm sgrrufò lga mcgro :< thgmg :6 lhgmtgs gm fjlj >7cc lg òbj y fortj cs agmtj y ihmjcgmtg qug otrj qug tgmej :4 lhgmtgs por fjlj >7cc, gs lgfhr, umj sgrrufò lga ::.

Aos cjmeos som lg cjlgrj (cgmos iugrtgs, pgro qug fjmsjm cgmos aj cjmo),pasthfo o cgtja.

Aos lhgmtgs lg cgtja luro som cs rgshstgmtgs, pgro fujmlo sg ejstjm mo gs poshnagjihajraos lg mugvo. Jaeumjs òbjs som lg jfgro, funhgrtjs fom umj pgafuaj cuy ihmj lgtgiam o myaom qug pgrchtg qug aj òbj sg cugvj cs ifhacgmtg jlgcs lg prgvgmhr aj`grrucnrg.

Lgspus lg uthahzjraj, gs cgbor foaejr aj shgrrj gm aj pjrgl o gm ga jrcjrho lomlg sgeujrlj y, lg vgz gm fujmlo, umtjr fom jfghtg aj pjrtg lg aj òbj qug sg gmfugmtrj jalgsfunhgrto. Tjrj gahchmjr ga xhlo tgmgcos qug irotjr ajs pjrtgs hmtgrgsjljs fom ajmjlg jfgro njjlj fom jeujrrs o nhgm fom otro lhsoavgmtg.

Ctolo pjrj rgstjnagfgr aj poshfhm gxjftj lg aos lhgmtgs2


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Fco uthahzjr aj shgrrj cjmuja

Vg tocj ga cjmeo lg aj shgrrj fom ihrcgzj y sg cjmthgmg ga lglo mlhfg gsthrjlo y

jprgtjmlo fomtrj ga ajlo lg aj òbj; sg ihbj aj cjlgrj qug lgng sgrrjrsg fom um tormhaaolg njmfo o sg jpoyj sonrg um pjr lg fjnjaagtgs o shaajs y sg cjmthgmg ihbj fom aj rolhaajo fom aj cjmo ahnrg.

Vg lgng jpoyjr aj òbj sonrg ga norlg lg aj cjlgrj y thrjraj `jfhj jtrs fom lgfhshm,cjmtgmhmloaj pgrpgmlhfuajr j aj supgrihfhg lg aj tjnaj. Ga cjmeo thgmg qug gstjr njbo,pjrj qug ga norlg fortjmtg iorcg um meuao cuy pgqugo fom aj supgrihfhg lg ajcjlgrj.

Ja gcpgzjr j fortjr, polgcos uthahzjr ga puaejr lg aj cjmo ahnrg pjrj euhjr aj òbj gm ajlhrgffhm forrgftj, sh nhgm lgng sjfjrsg fujmlo aj òbj sg cugvj.

@jy qug covgr aj òbj gm aos los sgmthlos jprovgf`jmlo tolj aj aomehtul y gbgrfgr umjahegrj prgshm sao fujmlo sg cugvj `jfhj jlgajmtg.

Lgspus lga prhmfhpho lga fortg, aj hmfahmjfhm lga norlg qug sg fortj rgspgfto j ajsupgrihfhg lg aj tjnaj thgmg qug pgrcjmgfgr fomstjmtg j


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Aj sgeugtj pgrchtg `jfgr furvjs gstrgf`js.

Tjrj qug tjs cglhljs lg ajs phgzjs fortjljs sgjm heujags, lgngcos sgrrjr shgcprgjaeo cs jaa lg ajs amgjs trjzjljs, porqug fhgrtj fjmthljl lg cjlgrj lgsjpjrgfgr

fom ga fgphaajlo o ga jahsjlo.Fujmlo sg aagej fjsh ja ihmja `jy qug jeujmtjr aj phgzj pjrj qug mo fjhej y sg rocpj.Vh aj òbj sg gmfjsquhaaj, `jy qug sjfjraj y aunrhihfjraj pjsmloag por gmfhcj umj vgajo um pgljzo lg pjrjihmj.

Ajs shgrrjs cs uthahzjljs som2

Ga tromzjlor sg uthahzj pjrj fortjr tjnajs lg cjlgrj lg erjmlgs lhcgmshomgs. Ga thpocs usuja thgmg umj òbj fom aos lhgmtgs gm iorcj lg trhmeuao hssfgags qug pgrchtgmsgrrjr tjmto gcpubjmlo foco thrjmlo.

Ga sgrrufò gs um thpo lg shgrrj qug gst gspgfhjacgmtg prgpjrjlo pjrj fortjrcjlgrjs lurjs y pjrj sgrrjr gm aj lhrgffhm lg ajs ihnrjs aj iorcj lg aos lhgmtgs, qugthgmgm um ajlo cufò cs hmfahmjlo qug ga otro, `jfg qug ga covhchgmto lg aj òbj,pjrj qug sgj gigfthvo, lgnj `jfgrsg gcpubjmlo aj òbj `jfhj jlgajmtg y `jfhj jnjbo.

Otros thpos lg shgrrj


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Ga sgrrufò lg fosthaaj, qug sg rgfomofg por su òbj rgiorzjlj sonrg ga ajlo supgrhor,sg uthahzj pjrj rgjahzjr fortgs lg erjm

Aj shgrrj lg fomtormgjr gst iorcjlj por umj òbj tgmsjlj gm um jrcjzm lg cjlgrjy shrvg pjrj rgjahzjr fortgs furvjlos gm tjnajs qug thgmgm um erosor supgrhor j aos :>cc.

Fomsgbos pjrj rgjahzjr fortgs pgrigftos .

, .

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, . .

Aj shgrrj lg cjrqugtgrj o sgeugtj shrvg pjrj rgjahzjr jeubgros o forags pgrihajlossonrg supgrihfhgs lgaejljs; aj òbj, lg tgmshm rgeuajnag, sg jeujmtj fom lospjaochaajs sonrg um jrcjzm lg jfgro.

\jmto aj shgrrj lg fomtormgjr foco aj lg cjrqugtgrj puglgm fortjr umj lhstjmfhjheuja j aj jcpahtul lg aj òbj

Tjrj rgjahzjr um fortg gcpgzjmlo lgslg ga hmtgrhor lg umj tjnaj, sg lgng rgjahzjr umjeubgro fom ga tjajlro, hmtrolufhr aj òbj lg aj shgrrj o lg aj sgeugtj j um mhfo ejto ygmejmf`jraj augeo ja otro tgmsmloaj. Mo polgcos iorzjr aj òbj.

Ga sgrrufò lg pumtj gs umj òbj cuy lgaejlj fom um cjmeo ihbjlo j umj mhfjgxtrgchljl; gs cuy tha fujmlo ga jrcjzm mo pgrchtg fortjr j aj lhstjmfhj mgfgsjrhjpor gbgcpao, gm ga fjso gm qug `jyj qug rgjahzjr jeubgros gm aj pjrtg fgmtrja lgerjmlgs pjmgags lg cjlgrj.

Vhgrrjs y sgrrufòs cs usjlos


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Vgrrufò lg pumtj o lg fjajr2 shrvg pjrj rgjahzjr pgqugos fortgs hmsgrtjmlo aj òbjj lgaejlj gm um jeubgro `gfò j propshto sonrg aj cjlgrj.

Vgrrufò lg fosthaaj2 rgiorzjlo sonrg ga norlg supgrhor lg ao òbj, thgmg lhgmtgs ihmosy shrvg pjrj fortjr fom prgfhshm.

Vgeugtj

Tuglg sgr ajrej o fortj, fortjm ajs cjlgrjs fomtrjf`jpjljs y ajs cjlgrjs lgaejljs.


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Vgrruf`o orlhmjrho

Vhrvg pjrj rgjahzjr vjrhos thpos lg fortg. Aj iumfhm gspgfihfj gst lgtgrchmjlj por ajaomehtul y aj poshfhm lg aj `obj, lg aj hmfahmjfhm y lga mcgro lg lhgmtgs.

Aj Gsfoihmj

Aj gsfoihmj gs umj `grrjchgmtj lg erugsos lhgmtgs trhjmeuajrgs, lhspugstos gmlhjeomja, lhsgjlj pjrj gahchmjr gxfglgmtgs lg ajs supgrihfhgs lg cjlgrj. Ga mcgrolg lhgmtgs por fgmtcgtro fujlrjlo lgtgrchmj aj fjahljl lg puahlo.

Vg usj pjrj pgrihajr aj cjlgrj rgnjbmloaj lg cjmgrj cs tosfj, sh sg aj focpjrj fomaj ahcj ja cgtja. Aj gsfoihmj gahchmj aj cjlgrj, ljmlo aj prhcgrj iorcj j aj phgzjtrjnjbjlj fom aj cjyor rjphlgz.


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Vus iorcjs puglgm sgr cuy vjrhjljs. Ajs gsfoihmjs lg pumtj furvj thgmgm losgxtrgcos fom gstj iorcj pjrj polgr trjnjbjr gm meuao. Ajs pajmjs y ajs rgftjmeuajrgssom pajmjs por ajs los fjrjs y sg lhigrgmfhjm porqug aos fjmtos lg aj sgeumlj sompjrjagaos. Ajs gsfoihmjs rglomljs o fhamlrhfjs sg uthahzjm pjrj trjnjbos gm supgrihfhgsfhrfuajrgs, chgmtrjs qug ajs jfjnjljs gm umj pumtj lgaejlj y gstrgf`j som ajs csjprophjljs pjrj trjnjbos gm lgtjaag. Tor athco, ajs gsfoihmjs lg cglhj fjj sg uthahzjmgm supgrihfhgs fmfjvjs y fomvgxjs.

Lurjmtg ga profgso lg puahlo, `jy qug ihbjr aj phgzj lg cjlgrj fom um sjregmto ohmstrucgmto shchajr. Aj gsfoihmj sg subgtj por ga cjmeo fom umj cjmo y por aj pumtjfom aj otrj. Jlgcs, `jy qug tgmgr aj prgfjufhm lg mo trjnjbjr fomtrj aj cjlgrj pjrjgvhtjr qug aj phgzj sg jsthaag. Vh aos lhgmtgs lg aj `grrjchgmtj sg jtjsfjm fom ajs vhrutjslg aj cjlgrj, gs mgfgsjrho ahcphjraos. Vh mo sg `jfg, sg polrj rocpgr aj phgzj qug sg

puag. Tjrj aj ahcphgzj, sg uthahzj um fgphaao lg jajcnrg ihmo.

Aos ijftorgs qug lgtgrchmjm ajsfjrjftgrsthfjs lg iumfhomjchgmtolg umj gsfoihmj som ga pjtrm lgaos lhgmtgs, aj jspgrgzj lg aoslhgmtgs, ga ajreo y aj iorcj.


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Iorcm

Gs umj `grrjchgmtj iorcjlj por um cjmeo, egmgrjacgmtg lg cjlgrj y umj pjrtgcgtahfj qug jfjnj gm umj zomj jihajlj, fom cjyor o cgmor jmfùrj.

Vg uthahzj fom aj cjlgrj pjrj `jfgr cugsfjs, pjrj agvjmtjr fjpjs cs o cgmos ihmjso pjrj ljr iorcj j phgzjs. Vg uthahzj subgtjmlo aj `grrjchgmtj fom umj cjmo yeoapgjmlo ga cjmeo lg aj `grrjchgmtj fom um cjzo lg fjrphmtgro, foaofjmlo aj`grrjchgmtj cs o cgmos hmfahmjlj fom rgspgfto j aj supgrihfhg lg aj cjlgrj. Vh sgfoaofj fjsh pjrjagaj j lhf`j supgrihfhg, aj fjpj lg cjlgrj j agvjmtjr sgr cuy ihmj y,gm fjcnho, sh sg foaofj cs hmfahmjlj agvjmtjrgcos umj fjpj lg cjyor erosor.

\hpos

Gxhstgm lhigrgmtgs thpos lg iorcomgs gm iumfhm lga jmfò ihmja lg aj fuf`haaj jumqugaos lg uso cs forrhgmtg som jqugaaos qug thgmgm um jfò ihmja lg gmtrg :4 y :< cc.


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Eunhj

Aj eunhj gs um iorcm lg cglhj fjj qug usjm aos fjrphmtgros, aos tjaahstjs y otros

proigshomjags lg aj cjlgrj pjrj ajs onrjs lgahfjljs.

Ajs eunhjs gcpagjljs por aos fjrphmtgros som lg los fajsgs2

Wmjs sg focpomgm lg umj `obj sgchfhrfuajr, fom nhsga hmtgrhor, ihbj gm um cjmeo lgcjlgrj sonrg ga qug sg eoapgj fom um cjzo pjrj `jfgr jfjmjajlurjs o jeubgrosrglomlgjlos lg pofj proiumlhljl shgmlo pjrj ao qug cs sg gcpagj.Otrjs thgmgm ga fortg furvo gm jcnos sgmthlos y ga nhsga por iugrj, gcpagmlosg pjrjgcnoquhaajr aos jeubgros qug sg `jm lg jnrhr fom aj njrrgmj.


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Cjzo lg Fjrphmtgro

Ga cjzo lg cjlgrj, cjrthaao lg cjlgrj ( Uoolgm Cjaagt o Bohmtgrs cjaagt )gm fjrphmtgrj sg usj prhmfhpjacgmtg pjrj eoapgtgjr aos iorcomgs y gsfopaos fujmlo

sg gstm fortjmlo umhomgs y eoapgjr ajs pjrtgs j umhr fujmlo sg rgjahzj ga gmsjcnag.Aj hmtgmfhm prhcorlhja lg gstos gs ga qug ja gstjr ijnrhfjlos gm cjlgrj, mo ljjrj ocjrfjrjm ajs pjrtgs sonrg ajs qug eoapgjm.

Cjrthaao lg Wj

Gstg cjrthaao gs cuy usjlo por ga fjrphmtgro. Tosgg los vjrhjmtgs prhmfhpjags2Vjfjfajvos furvo y Vjfjfajvos ^jsejlor.

Ga sjfjfajvos furvo hmfauyg um shstgcj lg pjajmfjs pjrj bjajr fajvos y thgmg gspjfho

pjrj `jfgrao osfhajr gm gspjfhos rglufhlos. Ga sjfjfajvos rjsejlor, ga fuja gs cgmosfurvo, shrvg pjrj bjajr o rjsejr ajs phgzjs.


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Ctolos lg trjnjbo

Vh tgmgcos qug trjnjbjr sonrg um trozo lg cjlgrj erjmlg o ajreo gs cgbor ihbjrao janjmfo lg trjnjbo fom los o cs ejtos. Lg gstj cjmgrj, tgmlrgcos ajs los cjmosahnrgs y gvhtjrgcos, jlgcs, ajs vhnrjfhomgs lg aj cjlgrj qug provofjm ruhlo yjsthaajs.

Ga tjajlrjlo cjmuja

Vg pomg gm cjrf`j jprgtjmlo ga cjmeo `jfhj aj phgzj fom um covhchgmto jatgrmjthvo.Gs cuy tha pjrj rgjahzjr jeubgros euj fom cuf`j prgfhshm pjrj tormhaaos y jeubgroslg lhcgtro rglufhlo gm cjlgrjs ihmjs y gm cjrfos.


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Ngrnhqu.Ga ngrnhqu gs aj `grrjchgmtj cjmuja jmtgfgsorj lga tjajlro y prfthfjcgmtggst `oy lj gm lgsuso sjavo gm jaeumjs fjrphmtgrjs jmtheujs. Voajcgmtg sg uthahzj

pjrj cjtgrhjags najmlos.

\jajlro lg cjmo gaftrhfo

Vus thpos som cuy vjrhjlos y gm egmgrja puglg lgfhrsg qug gstm iorcjljs por umnaoqug cuy focpjfto y lg pofo gso qug aagvj um cotor qug `jfg ehrjr ga gbg portj`grrjchgmtjs j trjvs lg um rgluftor lg vgaofhljlgs. \jcnhm aagvj ajsforrgspomlhgmtgs gcpjjlurjs pjrj su cjmgbo.

Aos colgaos cs pgqugos sugagm tgmgr umj gcpjjlurj gm iorcj lg fuajtj lgphstoaj chgmtrjs qug otrjs cs pgsjljs aagvjm los gcpjjlurjs.


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Ga tjajlrjlo lg njmfo

Fom ga soportg lg foaucmj polgcos trjmsiorcjr ga tjajlro cjmuja gm um tjajlro lgfoaucmj.

Vh `jy qug uthahzjr cjlgrjs lg lhsthmtjs lurgzjs y qugrgcos pgriorjr tjcnhm cgtjagsy pjrglgs, lgngcos uthahzjr um tjajlro lg los o cs vgaofhljlgs, o cgbor toljvj, fomvgaofhljl vjrhjnag gagftrmhfjcgmtg.

Cuf`os tjajlros fom los vgaofhljlgs ihbjs posggm um gmerjmjbg qug, ja chsco thgcpoqug rglufg aj vgaofhljl, jucgmtj aj pjrgbj lg rotjfhm sgem ajs agygs lg ajcgfmhfj. Ga tjajlro lg vgaofhljl mhfj trjnjbj morcjacgmtg j >.744 o >.044 rpc. Gsposhnag lhschmuhr su vgaofhljl sgem ajs mgfgshljlgs fom um vjrhjlor gagftrmhfo

gxtgrmo. Gstg jffgsorho thgmg aj vgmtjbj lg mo rglufhr aj potgmfhj.

Gm ga fjso lg qug aos jeubgros j rgjahzjr mo sgjm pjsjmtgs gs rgfocgmljnag usjr umtopg lg nrofj o umj fhtj jl`gshvj gm iorcj lg sgjahzjfhm lga topg lga jeubgro.


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Ga tormgjlo

Ga tormgjlo lg fjngzj sg rgjahzj shm fomtrjpumto, covhgmlo ga jpoyo pjrj aj`grrjchgmtj lga tormo.

Ga ahbjlo gm ga tormo

Ga ahbjlo y ga jfjnjlo sg rgjahzjm fom pjpga lg ahbj.

Fomsgbos pjrj gigftujr ga tormgjlo Jfgrfjrgcos ga hgrro cuy agmtjcgmtg j aj phgzj gm aj ijsg lg aj lgsnjstj-lurj,

fujmlo toljvj mo thgmg aj iorcj fhamlrhfj.

Mo mos pomlrgcos mumfj fornjtjs, nuijmljs o ropjs qug pugljm gmejmf`jrsg jaj phgzj gm rotjfhm.

Vhgcprg por cothvos lg sgeurhljl, pomlrgcos cuf`j jtgmfhm gm aj ijsg lgihbjfhm lg aj phgzj


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, .

Ga puahlo

Vhrvg pjrj ontgmgr umj supgrihfhg pgrigftjcgmtg puahlj, o hmfauso nrhaajmtg, y sg rgjahzjtjcnhm gmtrg umj cjmo y otrj lg njrmhz pjrj gahchmjr ajs pgqugjs nurnubjs lg ajsihnrjs y aos erjmos lg poavo qug `jyj jprgsjlo ga njrmhz.

Vg onthgmgm cgborgs rgsuatjlos fujmlo sg rgjahzj ga puahlo j cjmo, pugsto qugpjsjmlo sonrg aj cjlgrj umj `obj lg pjpga lg ahbj lg erjmo ihmo polgcos motjrpgrigftjcgmtg ajs pgqugjs hrrgeuajrhljlgs qug lgngm gahchmjrsg.

Ahbjr y puahr j cquhmj

Ajs opgrjfhomgs lg jfjnjlo som cs nhgm jnurrhljs, jumqug puglgm rgjahzjrsg gmcgmos thgcpo uthahzjmlo umj ihbjlorj lg aj fuja gxhstgm los colgaos2 aj ornhtja y aj lgnjmlj.

Aj ihbjlorj ornhtja thgmg aj iorcj lg um fhahmlro fom aj njsg cvha, iumfhomj j umjvgaofhljl lg jproxhcjljcgmtg >.744 rpc y onahej j gbgfutjr j aj `obj lg pjpga lg ahbjum covhchgmto rotjtorho u ornhtja; gm gstg sgeumlo fjso ga cgfjmhsco gst euhjlo porumj rjmurj lg iorcj ovohlja.

Aj ihbjlorj lg njmlj, tjcnhm aajcjlj lg fhmtj, gst focpugstj por los pgqugosfhahmlros lg eocj jarglglor lg aos fujags ehrj um jmhaao lg pjpga lg ahbj. Tugsto qug gscs rphlj qug aj ihbjlorj ornhtja, tgmgcos qug lgspajzjraj fomthmujcgmtg pjrj gvhtjrqugcjr aj phgzj.

Gxhstgm lhvgrsjs fajsgs lg pjpga lg ahbj, ga fuja vjrj gm iumfhm lga tjcjo lga erjmo,osfhaj gmtrg fujtrofhgmtos erjmos ga cs ihmo, y fhgm ga cs erugso. Jlgcs, gxhstgmlg los thpos, morcja y jutojl`gshvo. Ga pjpga morcja sg ihbj sonrg aj njsg lg ajihbjlorj cglhjmtg um tormhaao o los phmzjs lg cugaag, y ga jl`gshvo sg jpahfj fom umj

ahegrj prgshm.


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Fgphaajlo cjmuja

Fgphaao lg Fjrphmtgro

Gs umj `grrjchgmtj cjmuja usjlj gm fjrphmtgrj, qug shrvg pjrj fgphaajr y `jfgrrgnjbgs, pjrj rgfthihfjr ahstomgs o thrjmtgs lg cjlgrj gst focpugsto por umj fjbj lgcjlgrj pjrj qug sg puglj tocjr fjlj gxtrgco fom umj cjmo, qug fomthgmgum `hgrro gstrgf`o y umj fuj qug ag shrvg lg jbustg.


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Fomsgbos pjrj uthahzjr ga fgphaao cjmuja.

Jpoyjrgcos forrgftjcgmtg ga fgphaao sonrg aj phgzj qug sg lgsgg trjnjbjr. Gcpubjrgcos `jfhj lgajmtg aj `grrjchgmtj fom um covhchgmto umhiorcg,

cjmtgmhgmlo shgcprg aj chscj vgaofhljl.

Vjfjrgcos gmsgeuhlj ajs vhrutjs pjrj vgr fco prosheug ga trjnjbo.

^geuajrgcos ga sjahgmtg lg aj `obj pjrj gvhtjr aagvjrsg cuf`j cjlgrj gm fjljpjsjlj.

Mo tofjrgcos aj `obj pjrj focpronjr sh gst jihajlj.

Ga fgphaajlo fom cjquhmj

Cjquhmj lg Fgphaajr Ejraopj

Aj cquhmj lg fgphaajr, sg uthahzj pjrj pajmgjr aj fjrj lg aj cjlgrj (fjrj gs aj pjrtg

cs jmf`j lg aj phgzj), lgspus ga fjmto (aj pjrtg cs gstrgf`j). Ajs otrjs los pjrtgsqug ijatjm (otrj fjrj y otro fjmto) ajs rgnjbjcos gm aj cquhmj lg fgphaajr erugsos


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qug ajs lgbjr j heuja cglhlj gm tolj su aomehtul. Aj chscj, thgmg los cgsjs, aj lggmtrjlj y aj lg sjahlj, aj prhcgrj gs aj qug sg jbustj gm jaturj, pjrj qug focj cs ocgmos cjtgrhja lgpgmlhgmlo lg aj lurgzj lg aj cjlgrj, pjrj cjlgrjs najmljs, gmegmgrja lgngr gstjr umos los chacgtros cs njbj qug ajs fuf`haajs j su cxhcj

jaturj. Ajs los cgsjs som rgeuajnags gm jaturj, aj lg gmtrjlj sg erjlj fom irgfugmfhjy thgmg cs rgforrhlo qug aj lg sjahlj yj qug jbustj ga jrrjmqug lg vhrutj, aj lg sjahljsg erjlj fujmlo sg foaofjm ajs fuf`haajs.


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Fomsgbos pjrj uthahzjr aos fgphaaos gaftrhfos2 Mo jfgrfjrgcos mumfj ajs cjmos j aj cquhmj fujmlo gst gm covhchgmto y

rgforljrgcos qug ajs objs som cuy fortjmtgs.

^geuajrgcos umj proiumlhljl lg fortg pgqugj pjrj aj cjlgrj lurj y erjmlgpjrj ajs najmljs.

^gjahzjrgcos ga trjnjbo mhfjcgmtg gm ga sgmthlo lg ajs ihnrjs. Wthahzjrgcos umjahcj o umj rjspj pjrj jahsjr umj phgzj lg tgstj.

Gvhtjrgcos foaofjrmos lgajmtg lg aj fgphaajlorj fujmlo gst gm covhchgmtoporqug puglg ajmzjrmos gmfhcj phgzjs lg cjlgrj o aj phgzj focpagtj qug gstjcostrjnjbjmlo.

Vhgrrj Vhm Ihm

Aj shgrrj shm ihm lg fjrphmtgro, fortj aj cjlgrj, foco sh iugrj um sgrrufò, pgro fom ajlhigrgmfhj lg qug ao `jfg cgfmhfjcgmtg. Wm cotor cugvg ga voajmtg hmigrhor, qug jsu vgz, gst fomgftjlo fom ga supgrhor cglhjmtg aj òbj lg fhmtj shm ihm. Ga jrrjmqug lgcjtgrhja gs prolufhlo por aos lhgmtgs, qug fjrjftgrhzjm y fajshihfjm j ajs shgrrjs,nshfjcgmtg `jy los thpos2 ajs lg lhgmtgs trhjmeuajrgs y ajs lg lhgmtgs trhjmeuajrgsfom iomlos jmfòs. Aj gagffhm lg aj iorcj lgpgmlgr lg aos cjtgrhjags j trjnjbjr (ga

thpo lg cjlgrj y su lurgzj) y por ga sgmthlo lg fortg (aomehtulhmja o trjmsvgrsja). Tjrjfortgs aomehtulhmjags gm cjlgrj najmlj aj fhmtj jlgfujlj gs aj lg lhgmtgs proygftjlos(aj lg aj lgrgf`j gm aj hcjegm), ga meuao lg jtjqug lg gstg thpo lg lhgmtg mo `j lgsgr hmigrhor j :4 mh supgrhor j 64. Tjrj fortjr j trjvs gm cjlgrj najmlj y aomehtulhmjay trjmsvgrsjacgmtg gm cjlgrj lurj gs jlgfujlj umj fhmtj fom lhgmtgs rgftos (j ajhzquhgrlj gm aj hcjegm). Otro ijftor hcportjmtg gm ajs shgrrjs gs su aomehtul, ga jmfò ysu erosor y tolos gaaos sg rhegm por aos lhcgtros rgspgfthvos lg aos voajmtgs y ajsgpjrjfhm lg stos. Ajs aomehtulgs gstm gmtrg >>74 cc y 0744 cc, aos jmfòs

gmtrg 9,6 cc y 96 cc, aos gspgsorgs mo lgngm sgr supgrhorgs j :/:444 lga lhcgtrolg aos voajmtgs. Gm egmgrja los som aos colos lg jsgrrjr2 j cgsj ahnrg o fom soportg,


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j cgsj ahnrg gs fujmlo trofgjcos tjnaomgs, phgzjs pajmjs o pjrj ljr fortgs furvos,fom soportg mos rgigrhcos j fujmlo `jy qug ljr fortgs lg heuja jmf`urj.Aj fomfgmtrjfhm, prgfjufhm y ga sgmthlo focm som hcprgsfhmlhnags j aj `orj lg usjrgstj cquhmj.


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Tjrj prgvgmhr jffhlgmtgs `gcos lg tgmgr gm fugmtj jlgcs2

Aj òbj `j lg gstjr funhgrtj `jstj aj cxhcj jaturj lg fortg poshnag.@jm lg gcpagjrsg mhfjcgmtg shgrrjs gm pgrigfto gstjlo, nhgm soaljljs y jihajljs, shm

erhgtjs y ahcphjs. Aj fhmtj `j lg foaofjrsg, jbustjrsg y tgmsjrsg fom fuhljlo. Aj cgsj`gcos lg cjmtgmgraj shgcprg ahcphj sh mgfgshtjcos lgbjr mugstrjs phgzjs `jy qugfoaofjr fgrfj umj cgsj o fjrro juxhahjr. Ajs phgzjs pgqugjs `jy qug gcpubjrajs fomphgzjs lg cjlgrj o fom aos lhsposhthvos qug sg vgmlgm j propshto, mumfj fom ajscjmos fgrfj lg aj fhmtj. Tjrj fortjr phgzjs lg sgffhm fhrfuajr gm sgmthlo trjmsvgrsja,foco rjcjs o fhahmlros, `gcos lg jyuljrmos fom um jpoyo qug hcphlj ga ehro (vgrhcjegm). Gs gxtrgcjljcgmtg pgaheroso mo `jfgrao foco sg jfomsgbj.Ja euhjr umj phgzj `gcos lg vhehajr qug aos lglos gstm shgcprg j um ajlo u otro lg ajòbj, jumqug gsto iorcj pjrtg lga sgmthlo focm mo fomvhgmg oavhljr mumfj.Mo lgngcos lhrhehrmos j quhm gst trjnjbjmlo gm gstj cquhmj, sh qugrgcos lgfhragjaeo `jy qug gspgrjr j qug tgrchmg. Aj cjquhmj `j lg lhspomgr lg aos gagcgmtosprotgftorgs y lg pjrjlj rphlj sgem morcjthvj.

Ga irgsjlo gm cjlgrj

Gstg profglhchgmto fomshstg gm sjfjr, cglhjmtg um utgmshaho rotjthvo, pgqugjs pjrtgs

lg cjtgrhja pjrj frgjr rjmurjs, jeubgros o pgrihags.Tjrj gstg thpo lg trjnjbo sg uthahzjm soajcgmtg `grrjchgmtjs gaftrhfjs porqug ajscjmujags mo jafjmzjm aj vgaofhljl suihfhgmtg pjrj ontgmgr supgrihfhgs puahljs yumhiorcgs. Lg `gfò, umj fjrjftgrsthfj lg ajs cquhmjs irgsjlorjs, j cjmo o lgnjmfo, gs aj lg iumfhomjr fom umj vgaofhljl lg rotjfhm cuy jatj qug puglg aagejr jjafjmzjr hmfauso ajs >7.444 vugatjs por chmuto.

Morcjacgmtg sg gcphgzj j irgsjr fujmlo yj sg fomofgm aos lgcs trjnjbos nshfos

lg aj cjlgrj. Fom gstj tfmhfj sg lj j aos onbgtos um jfjnjlo pgrigfto.


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Fom ga soportg lg foaucmj y um fjrro trjmsportjlor, um tjajlro puglg trjmsiorcjrsggm umj irgsjlorj.

Irgsjs

Aj fjahljl lg trjnjbo rgjahzjlo fom aj irgsjlorj lgpgmlgr gm erjm cglhlj lg ajgihfjfhj lg ajs irgsjs uthahzjljs. Wmj irgsj lgng fortjr pgrigftjcgmtg y cjmtgmgrsgshgcprg lgnhljcgmtg jihajlj.

Cglhljs lg Vgeurhljl

Jpjrtg lg ajs cglhljs lg sgeurhljl lg toljs ajs `grrjchgmtjs gaftrhfjs (mo thrjr lgafjnag, mo pomgraj fgrfj lg iugmtgs lg `ucgljl mh lg fjaor, gtf), foco morcjs nshfjspjrj aj uthahzjfhm sgeurj lg aj irgsjlorj polgcos fhtjr ajs sheuhgmtgs2

Trotgegrsg aj vhstj fom ejijs jlgfujljs y pomgrsg cjsfjrhaaj.

Wthahzjr aj cquhmj shgcprg fom ajs los cjmos.

@jfgr jvjmzjr aj irgsjlorj fom rhtco umhiorcg y pofj prgshm.

Lgsfomgftjr aj cquhmj y gspgrjr j qug pjrg aj irgsj jmtgs lg fujaquhgr


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cjmhpuajfhm (fjcnho lg irgsj, ahcphgzj, gtf.).

Zuhtjr aj irgsj shgcprg qug jfjng lg trjnjbjr.

Jffgsorho pjrj `jfgr trjnjbos lg irgsjlo gm cjlgrj shm euj.

Aos gmfjstrgs

Fomsgbos pjrj gigftujr forrgftjcgmtg aos gmfjstrgs.

Vg tocjrm ajs cglhljs fom totja prgfhshm y sg trjzjrm ajs amgjs pjrj aos fortgs

fom um aphz o umj pumtj cgtahfj lgaejlj. Fujmto cjyor sgj aj fjrej qug lgnj soportjr, cs prgfhsj y sahlj sgr aj umhm.

Vh sg trjnjbj cjmujacgmtg, `jnr qug lgtgmgrsg j cgmulo pjrj supgrvhsjr ajtjrgj.

Vg uthahzjrm prgigrhnagcgmtg ajs `grrjchgmtjs gaftrhfjs y ajs fajvhbjs lg vgmtj gmaos gstjnagfhchgmtos gspgfhjahzjlos.

Tjrj cgborjr aj jl`gshm lg ajs phgzjs, lgngr uthahzjrsg umj pgqugj fjpj lgfoaj cgzfajlj fom jsgrrm cuy ihmo.

Tjrj forrgehr aos grrorgs, sg uthahzjr umj cjshaaj lg erjm rgshstgmfhj.


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Jfopajchgmto lg tjnajs fom bumturj lg jacj

Jfopajchgmto lg tjnajs gm bumturjs ahsjs y rgiugrzo lg gsphejs.

Wmhm jmeuajr j cglhj cjlgrj


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Wmhm gm meuao rgfto j gsphej sgmfhaaj y fjbj rglufhlj


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\fmhfjs opgrjthvjspjrj achmjs lgaejljs

lg cgtja


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\fmhfjs opgrjthvjs gm achmjs lgaejljs

Cjrfjr y trjzjr

Jmtgs lg rgjahzjr fujaquhgr fortg sonrg um cjtgrhja cgtahfo, lgngcos trjsajljr ajs

lhcgmshomgs y aj iorcj lg aj phgzj lgsgjlj ja cjtgrhja. Tjrj cjrfjr y trjzjr ajslhcgmshomgs y ga fomtormo lg aj phgzj sg uthahzjm gaphg cgtahfo, aj gsfujlrj lgsocnrgro , gafocps lg pumtjs y ajpumtj lg trjzjr .

Fortjr y sgrrjr

Tjrj fortjr o sgpjrjr phgzjs cgtahfjs sg uthahzjm lhsthmtjs `grrjchgmtjs, sgem ga thpolg phgzj.

Tor gbgcpao, sg uthahzjm2

\hbgrj lg f`jpj, pjrj fortjr f`jpj lgaejlj. Vhgrrj lg jrfo, pjrj fortjr pgrihags y tunos. Fortjtunos, pjrj fortjr tunos lg sgffhm fhrfuajr.


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Jeubgrgjr

Lgnhlo j aj erjm lurgzj y rgshstgmfhj lg aos cjtgrhjags cgtahfos, pjrj pgriorjr umjphgzj gs mgfgsjrho usjr umjtjajlrjlorj y umj cgf`j o nrofj


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Lonajr y furvjr

Ajs f`jpjs y vjrhaajs cgtahfjs puglgm fjcnhjr su iorcj cglhjmtg opgrjfhomgs lgfurvjlo o pagejlo.

Jaeumjs phgzjs cgtahfjs sg puglgm lonajr lhrgftjcgmtg fom ajs cjmos o fom phmzjs.Gm ofjshomgs sg uthahzjm onbgtos qug ijfhahtjm ga lonajlo subgtjmlo aj phgzj j umjcorsj.

Ahcjr

Ga fortg lg phgzjs cgtahfjs lgbj norlgs hrrgeuajrgs qug sg lgngm gahchmjr uthahzjmloahcjs .Gxhstg umj erjm vjrhgljl lg ahcjs qug sg lhigrgmfhjm por su iorcj y por ga tjcjo lgsus lhgmtgs fortjmtgs.


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Wmhm lg phgzjs cgtahfjs

Gxhstgm lhsthmtos profglhchgmtos pjrj umhr phgzjs cgtahfjs, sgem sg trjtg lg umhomgspgrcjmgmtgs o lg umhomgs lgscomtjnags.

Wmhomgs pgrcjmgmtgs

Voaljlurjs

Aj soaljlurj gs um thpo lg umhm pgrcjmgmtg qug fomshstg gm lgposhtjrcgtjaiumlhlo (gstjo, fonrg, jfgro,...) gmtrg ajs phgzjs y lgbjr qug soahlhihqug.

Wmhomgs lgscomtjnags

Wmhomgs fom gagcgmtos rosfjlos

Aj umhm fom gagcgmtos rosfjlos gs um thpo lg umhm lgscomtjnag qug fomshstg gmfoaofjr tormhaaos y tugrfjs gmtrg ajs phgzjs.


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Aosrgcjf`gs som phgzjs cgtahfjs qug sg foaofjm gm um orhihfho focm j ajs phgzjsj umhr. Vus gxtrgcos sjahgmtgs sg fomvhgrtgm, ja rgcjf`jraos, gm fjngzjs lg fhgrrg.

Ga rgcjf`jlo gs otro thpo lg umhm lgscomtjnag.

Voaljlurj gagftrhfj najmlj

Aj soaljlurj gaftrhfj najmlj sg gcpagj nshfjcgmtg pjrj gmsjcnajr phgzjscgtahfjs qug mo gstm socgthljs j iugrtgs prgshomgs. Gmtrg sus prhmfhpjags fjcposlg jpahfjfhm sg puglgm lgstjfjr2 gagftrmhfj, rjlho, colgahsco, phroerjnjlo, gtf. Ga

soaljlor gaftrhfo gs umj sgmfhaaj rgshstgmfhj qug fjahgmtj umj pumtj cgtahfj j ajtgcpgrjturj mgfgsjrhj pjrj provofjr aj iushm lg fhgrtos cgtjags.

Voaljr fom gstjo

:) Ahbjr, fgphaajr y lgsgcpoavjr aos gagcgmtos qug sg vjm j soaljr


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>) Tjrj cgborjr aj jl`grgmfhj, jmtgs lg soaljr `jy qug gxtgmlgr pjstj lgsoxhljmtg olgfjpjmtg gm ajs supgrihfhgs qug sg vjm j soaljr.

6) Fjagmtjr ajs phgzjs qug sg vjm j umhr. Ga cgtja lg jportjfhm lgng iumlhrsg gmfomtjfto fom gstjs phgzjs, y mo fom aj pumtj lga soaljlor.


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Wmhr phgzjs soaljmlo:) Gmsjcnajr aos los gagcgmtos qug sg vjm j soaljr y ahbjraos fuhljlosjcgmtg. Gahchmjr

lgspus aos rgstos lg poavo.

>) Jpahfjr lgfjpjmtg gm jcnjs supgrihfhgs, fom aj jyulj lg um phmfga.

6) Fjagmtjr ga soaljlor lurjmtg jaeumos chmutos. Ahcphjr aj pumtj.


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\fmhfjs Opgrjthvjs gmTgrihags Cgtahfos


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Ahcjs

J pjrthr lg jqu, vjcos j `jnajr lg ajs fjrjftgrsthfjs lg ajs ahcjs.

Aj iorcj

Vg gmthgmlg por iorcj, aj iheurj egoctrhfj qug sg onthgmg lg su sgffhm trjmsvgrsja,o sgj, aj iheurj qug vgrgcos sh pjrthcos umj ahcj por aj chtjl (sh gs qug jaeuhgm thgmgao qug `jy qug tgmgr pjrj pjrthraj). \jcnhm jigftj j su fajshihfjfhm aj iorcj lg ajahcj, jqu polhs vgr umos gbgcpaos, qug mo som tolos aos qug gxhstgm, pgro s aos csfocumgs2

: - Fjragtj / > - Tajmj pjrjagaj2 som aos los thpos lg ahcjs pajmjs, y som ajs lg usocs jnhtuja.

6 - Fujlrjlj2 tjcnhm thgmg toljs sus fjrjs pajmjs y sg uthahzj pjrj jeubgrosfujlrjlos o f`jvgtgros.

< - ^glomlj2 sg uthahzj pjrj jeubgros y iorcjs furvjs. Vh jfjnj gm pumtj totjacgmtg,sg ags aajcj foaj lg rjtm, qug ofurrgmfhj.


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7 - Cglhj fjj2 gs um `nrhlo gmtrg pajmj y rglomlj, tgmhgmlo jcnjs iumfhomgs gmumj soaj `grrjchgmtj.

9 - \rhjmeuajr2 sonrg tolo gs uthahzjlo pjrj ahcjr sonrg meuaos.

Ga tjcjoAos tjcjos lg ajs ahcjs sg fajshihfjm gm puaejljs y aos cs forrhgmtgs vjm lgslg 6 `jstj :< , gm umhljlgs ctrhfjs2 lg ~59cc `jstj ~679cc. Gstjs cglhljs sg rgihgrgmj aj aomehtul lga fugrpo.

X ga tjcjo s qug gs hcportjmtg porqug, mo gs ao chsco ahcjr umj phgzj f`hquhtj qugahcjr umj phgzj erjmlg. Js qug foco mhfj rgeaj, ga tjcjo lg umj ahcj, shgcprgtgmlr qug sgr cjyor qug aj aomehtul lg aj supgrihfhg j ahcjr.

Ga phfjloGa phfjlo, sg ag aajcj j aj rueoshljl lg aj ahcj, y qug puglg sgr lg aos thpossheuhgmtgs2

: - Vgmfhaao2gs ga prolufhlo por gmtjaajs pjrjagajs qug iorcjm 54 fom ga gbg lg ajahcj. Gstg thpo lg phfjlo sg uthahzjlj pjrj trjnjbjr cgtjags najmlos foco ga paoco, gajauchmho, ga gstjo, fonrg, ajtm, gtf.

> - Lonag2sg onthgmg j pjrthr lg um phfjlo sgmfhaao, pgro sg jjlg otro fruzjlo fom gaprhcgro, y j


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Tjrj jfjnjr, focgmtjr qug ga phfjlo lgtgrchmjlo ga erjlo lg fortg lg aj ahcj, y gstg`jr lhsthmeuhr trgs thpos lg ahcjs2

Njstjrljs2 Tjrj rgnjbjr cuf`o cjtgrhja.

Gmtrgihmjs2Tjrj jproxhcjrsg j aj cglhlj qug sg quhgrg ontgmgr

Ihmjs2 Tjrj lgbjr aj supgrihfhg nhgm jfjnjlj.

Gm ga ahcjlo sg lgng fomtroajr aj poshfhm lga ahcjlor, aj foaofjfhm lg aj phgzj gm ajcorsj o gm ga lhsposhthvo lg subgfhm, aj lhrgffhm lga ahcjlo, ga thpo lg aj ahcj gmiumfhm lg aj iorcj j cgfjmhzjr, gtf. Js qug foco polgs hcjehmjr, gxhstg umj erjmtgfmoaoej lgtrs lg gstg thpo lg opgrjfhomgs. X jumqug cuf`js pgrsomjs phgmsgmqug gstj gs umj opgrjfhm gm lgsuso, aj rgjahljl gs qug gs umj opgrjfhm cuyhcportjmtg y iorcj pjrtg lga lj j lj lg cuf`os opgrjrhos y oihfhjags gm sgffhomgs lgcjmtgmhchgmto, yj sgj lg cjquhmjrhj, coalgs, cjtrhfgrj, uthaajbgs, gtf.


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Aagvjmlo gstj opgrjfhm `jstj su cxhco mhvga lg gspgfhjahzjfhm, sh qug `jm gxhsthloy gxhstgm aos aajcjlos cgfmhfos jbustjlorgs o puahlorgs, qug sg lglhfjm j ljr gajfjnjlo ihmja j cuf`js phgzjs, fom umj lgihmhfhm frthfj y um jfjnjlo qug puglgaagejr j sgr foco um gspgbo (ga lgmochmjlo puahlo gspgbo).

Jcpahjfhm fomfgptuja lga uso lg ajs ahcjs

Ajs ahcjs lg fortg sgmfhaao, fomofhljs tjcnhm foco ahcjs pajmjs pjrj shgrrj, somuthahzjljs pjrj jahsjr supgrihfhgs o jihajr shgrrjs y `grrjchgmtjs. Ajs ahcjs lg fortglonag -aajcjljs tjcnhm ahcjs lg cjquhmhstjs- fortjm fom cjyor rjphlgz jumqug mofom tjmtj sujvhljl.Jcnos thpos puglgm ontgmgrsg gm ajs sheuhgmtgs fjtgeorjs (gm orlgm lgsfgmlgmtg,lg jfugrlo fom ga erugso lg sus lhgmtgs)2 Ajs ahcjs lg lhgmtgs erugsos, njstjrljs, lg

sgeumlo fortg y ahcj luafg.Jaeumjs ahcjs thgmgm `hagrjs lg lhgmtgs furvos y trjnjbjm gspgfhjacgmtg nhgm sonrgcgtjags najmlos. Ajs rjspjs gahchmjm ga cjtgrhja fom cjyor rjphlgz jm, pgro lgbjmumj supgrihfhg spgrj, lgnhlo j sus lhgmtgs erjmlgs gm poshfhm jatgrmjlj.\fmhfj lg ahcjlo

Jumqug `jy cuf`js lhigrgmtgs cjmgrjs lg ahcjr, j fomthmujfhm sg cugstrj gactolo cs nshfo lg tolos. Vubgtg aj ahcj tja foco sg cugstrj y mo aj cugvj lg umajlo ja otro chgmtrjs aj gcpubj j trjvs lga trjnjbo.

Gstj gs aj iorcj forrgftj lg subgtjr umj ahcj. Cugvj aj ahcj fom aj prgshm lga nrjzosoajcgmtg; rgfugrlg shgcprg qug mumfj lgng hmfahmjrsg sonrg gaaj. Cugvj aj ahcjlhjeomjacgmtg o gm amgj rgftj j trjvs lga trjnjbo.


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Wmj tfmhfj cuy usjlj gs aj lg jpahfjr umj fjpj lgaejlj lg thzj j umj ahcj pjrjrglufhr aj onstruffhm lg sus lhgmtgs y lg gsj cjmgrj ijfhahtjr su ahcphgzj fujmlo sggmfugmtrg tgrchmjlo ga trjnjbo, tja foco puglg onsgrvjrsg gm aj ioto lg jnjbo.

Ja ahcjr norlgs ajreos y lgaejlos qug mo sg puglgm jsgeurjr fgrfj lg ajs quhbjljs lgum tormhaao lg njmfo, Hmtgrfjag ga trjnjbo gmtrg los phgzjs lg cjlgrj sonrjmtg.

Mo pgrchtjs qug aos lhgmtgs lg ag ahcj sg gcpjstgm, fosj qug rgtjrljrj su jffhm lgfortg. Ja tgrchmjr ga trjnjbo, irhgej nhgm aj ahcj fom um fgphaao lg jajcnrg ihmo gm ajlhrgffhm lg ajs `hagrjs lg aos lhgmtgs.


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Toshfhm lg ahcjlo

Tjrj focgmzjr, gm aj cjyorj lg aos trjnjbos aj phgzj qug sg ahcj lgng cjmtgmgrsg jamhvga lga folo lg aj pgrsomj. Vhm gcnjreo, `jy gxfgpfhomgs. Tjrj ahcjlurjs hmtgmsjs,ga trjnjbo sg lgng sostgmgr por lgnjbo lga mhvga lga folo.

Tor otrj pjrtg, ajs ahcjlurjs ihmjs y lgahfjljs rgquhgrgm qug aj pgrsomj sg shgmtg jmtgga njmfo y cjmtgmej ga trjnjbo j mhvga lg aj vhstj. @jy trgs iorcjs nshfjs lgahcjlurj2 aj ahcjlurj rgftj o trjmsvgrsja, aj ahcjlurj lg thro y aj ahcjlurj lg tormo.Ja gigftujr ahcjlurjs rgftjs o trjmsvgrsjags, jsgeurg ga trjnjbo ihrcgcgmtg. Jfomthmujfhm cjmtgmej aj ahcj j mhvga y gm poshfhm lhjeomja fom rgspgfto ja trjnjbo. Xpor athco, fochgmfg ga rgforrhlo gm aj pumtj lg aj ahcj

Ahcjlurj rgftj o trjmsvgrsja

Ja gigftujr ahcjlurjs rgftjs, cjmtgmej aj ahcj gm poshfhm lhjeomja fom rgspgfto jatrjnjbo y, focgmzjmlo fom aj pumtj lg aj ahcj, `ejaj jvjmzjr `jfhj jlgajmtg yajtgrjacgmtg j trjvs lg aj supgrihfhg, tgrchmjmlo aj fjrrgrj gm ga tjam lg aj ahcj. Gstjtfmhfj rgquhgrg umj ahcj jproxhcjljcgmtg umj tgrfgrj pjrtg cs ajrej qug ga rgjqug rgnjbj.Ja gigftujr ahcjlurjs rgftjs o trjmsvgrsjags, jsgeurg ga trjnjbo ihrcgcgmtg. Jfomthmujfhm cjmtgmej aj ahcj j mhvga y gm poshfhm lhjeomja fom rgspgfto ja trjnjbo. Xpor athco, fochgmfg ga rgforrhlo gm aj pumtj lg aj ahcj.


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Trhcgro `jej jvjmzjr aj ahcj `jfhj jlgajmtg y ajtgrjacgmtg, cjmtgmhmloaj ja chscomeuao. Cs tjrlg lgng jpahfjrag umj prgshm qug sgj umhiorcg. X rgfugrlg qug lgngtgrchmjrsg ga rgforrhlo gm ga tjam lg aj ahcj.

Ahcjlurj lg thro

Aj ahcjlurj lg thro gs cs agmtj qug aj ahcjlurj rgftj, pgro prolufg umj supgrihfhgcs ahsj. Gcpagg umj ahcj njstjrlj lg fortg sgmfhaao, aj fuja sg subgtj por aj pumtj y gacjmeo chgmtrjs sg cjmthgmg gm poshfhm pgrpgmlhfuajr fom rgspgfto ja trjnjbo.Gcpubg aj ahcj y thrg lg gaaj sonrg ga trjnjbo fom umj prgshm umhiorcg.

Tjrj aj ahcjlurj lg thro, uthahfg umj ahcj njstjrlj qug sgj lg fortg sgmfhaao.Cjmtmejaj shgcprg j mhvga y gm poshfhm pgrpgmlhfuajr fom rgspgfto j aj supgrihfhg.Augeo gcpubg aj ahcj y thrg lg gaaj j ao ajreo lga trjnjbo.

Ahcjlurj lg tormo

J cgmulo sg usj aj ahcjlurj lg tormo pjrj ahcjr fom prgfhshm umj phgzj tormgjlj.Tuglg focprjrsg umj ahcj lg tormo fom `hagrjs lg lhgmtgs lhspugstos gm meuao

onahfuo fom rgspgfto j su ajreo. \jcnhm sg puglg usjr umj ahcj njstjrlj lg fortgsgmfhaao.


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Gm aj ahcjlurj lg tormo, jbustg aj vgaofhljl lga `ushaao j rpc colgrjljs j jatjs. Wthahfgumj ahcj lg tormo o ahcj njstjrlj lg fortg sgmfhaao y augeo cuvjaj `jfhj jlgajmtg yajtgrjacgmtg.

Ga uso lga norlg lg aj ahcjFoco puglg onsgrvjr gm aj haustrjfhm, cuf`js ahcjs sg puglgm ontgmgr fom norlgsshm lhgmtgs. Gstg norlg pgrchtg ahcjr gm rgjs qug sgjm cuy rglufhljs yj aj vgz gvhtjqug sg fortg aj supgrihfhg jlyjfgmtg.

Vg gcpagj jqu umj ahcj qug gs lg norlg ahso pjrj gsfujlrjr umj gsquhmj hmtgrhor lgatrjnjbo. Lgng onsgrvjr qug aj supgrihfhg lga trjnjbo sg jsgeurj ao cs fgrfj poshnaglg ajs quhbjljs lga tormhaao lg njmfo.

\fmhfjs pjrj ahcjr phgzjs pgqugjs


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@jstj j`orj, `gcos vhsto ajs tfmhfjs lg ahcjlurj focumgs, pgro gxhstgm cuf`jsotrjs opgrjfhomgs lg ahcjlurj. Trgsgmtjcos jqu umos fujmtos gbgcpaos jlhfhomjagsy otros fomsgbos rgajfhomjlos fom ga uso lg ajs ahcjs. Jumqug fjsh toljs ajs ahcjs sggcpagjm fom ajs los cjmos, jaeumjs sg usjm fom umj soaj cjmo.

Ajs ahcjs lg thpo lg jeubj por ao egmgrja sg gcpagjm fom umj soaj cjmo, lgnhlo j sutjcjo pgqugo. Ajs `grrjchgmtjs ihaosjs, foco ajs `jf`js, j cgmulo sg subgtjm gmga njmfo lg trjnjbo fom umj soaj cjmo, chgmtrjs qug sg jihajm fom umj ahcj qug sgsubgtj fom aj otrj cjmo.

Mo `jy qug oavhljr qug, j lhigrgmfhj lg otrjs `grrjchgmtjs, ajs ahcjs mo puglgmvoavgrsg j jihajr. Jumqug ga uso fomthmuo puglg `jfgr qug umj ahcj phgrlj su ihao, suuso hmforrgfto tjcnhm puglg `jfgr qug phgrlj su ihao fom heuja rjphlgz. Jpahqug umj

prgshm iugrtg j aj ahcj pjrj qug fortg; mo lgng ahchtjrsg j lgsahzjraj sonrg ga trjnjbo,yj qug gsto `jr qug phgrlj rphljcgmtg su ihao.

Gvhtg tofjr ga trjnjbo o aj fjrj lg aj ahcj fom lglos jfghtosos, y jsgergsg lg qug ajsupgrihfhg lga trjnjbo gst ahnrg lg jfghtg. Lg gstj cjmgrj, aj ahcj mo sg lgsahzjr nhgmsonrg ga trjnjbo.

Aj gsfjcj, gsj fostrj lurj lg foaor mgero qug j cgmulo jpjrgfg sonrg phgzjs lg`hgrro vjfhjlo, sg lgng quhtjr jmtgs lg ahcjr, lgnhlo j qug puglg `jfgr qug aj ahcj

phgrlj su ihao.Lg heuja iorcj, mo ahcg sonrg aj fjngzj lg um tormhaao, lgnhlo j qug gstm `gf`js lgum jfgro sucjcgmtg luro y qug puglgm gf`jr j pgrlgr umj ahcj fom rjphlgz.Jlgcs, ajs ahcjs som tjm lurjs qug rgsuatjm qugnrjlhzjs. Tor ao tjmto, gvhtg qugsuirjm eoapgs o qug fjhejm ja sugao.

Mumfj eujrlg mh trjmsportg ahcjs lg cjmgrj qug eoapggm o irotgm ajs umjs fom ajsotrjs. Vuspmljajs por sgpjrjlo o eurlgajs gm umj ejvgtj fom lhvhshomgs.

Tjrj gsfujlrjr um jeubgro, prhcgro trjfg um fujlro jarglglor lga jeubgro y augeo ahcg`jstj ajs amgjs lga fujlro. J fomthmujfhm hmhfhg ga fortg fom aj ahcj sostgmhlj gmposhfhm lhjeomja foco puglg onsgrvjr gm aj ioto.


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Tjrj iorcjr umj rjmurj rglomlj, uthahfg umj sgeugtj j ihm lg fortjr umj cugsfj fomiorcj lg Y. Augeo usg umj ahcj rglomlj pjrj ljr iorcj j aj rjmurj. Tjrj umj furvjerjmlg, puglg gcpagjr umj ahcj lg cglho nofga.

Tjrj ahcjr fom umj soaj cjmo, foaoqug ga lglo mlhfg sonrg aj pjrtg supgrhor lg ajahcj y augeo jpaqugag umj prgshm `jfhj jnjbo. Motj2 Jqu sg gagvj ga `jf`j pjrjpolgr ijfhahtjr su ahcjlurj.

Gstm lhspomhnags jftujacgmtg gm ga cgrfjlo, umj sgrhg lg ahcjs gspgfhjags qugijfhahtjm ga polgr jihajr nrofjs lg tjajlros, pgro um nugm sunsthtuto gs umj ahcj lgjeubj pajmj y ahsj qug tgmej um norlg lg sgeurhljl.

Ajs ahcjs rotjtorhjs fom gstrjs pjrfhjags som hlgjags pjrj aos cgtjags igrrosos,chgmtrjs qug ajs ahcjs fom gstrjs som ajs cgborgs pjrj aos cgtjags mo igrrosos.


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Wmj ahcj lg fgrrjbgro thgmg um fortg sgffhomja lgaejlo y sg usj pjrj ahcjr gm gspjfhosrglufhlos, Vg gcpagj umj ahcj sgcgbjmtg pjrj `jfgr umj rjmurj gm umj njrrj.


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Cjtgrhja lg jpoyo Trofglhc

Troigsor2 Mstor @orjfho Fjsthghrj

\fmWm

hgmtos \fmhfos vhmfuajlos j aj proluffhm hmlustrhja,. . .

www.tgfmoao

hfjs opgrjthvjshomgs Gaftrhfjs

(Gm fomstruffhm)

hj-tgfmhfj.foc.jr

m


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Hmtroluffhm

Aj soaljlurj fom gstjo gs aj njsg lg toljs ajs jpahfjfhomgs gagftrmhfjs porqugpgrchtg aj rgjahzjfhm lg fomgxhomgs gmtrg fomluftorgs y gmtrg stos y aos lhvgrsosfocpomgmtgs, ontgmhgmlo rphljcgmtg aj cxhcj sgeurhljl lg fomtjfto.

Fomshstg gm umhr ajs pjrtgs j soaljr lg cjmgrj qug sg toqugm y funrhrajs fom umj eotjlg gstjo iumlhlo qug, umj vgz gmirhjlj, fomsthtuhr umj vgrljlgrj umhm, sonrg tololgslg ga pumto lg vhstj gagftrmhfo.

stj gs umj tjrgj cjmuja lgahfjlj qug sao sg fomsheug lochmjr fom aj prfthfj.

^gfugrlj qug tu `jnhahljl pjrj soaljr fom gigfthvhljl lgtgrchmjr lhrgftjcgmtg ganugm iumfhomjchgmto lga comtjbg j ao ajreo lga thgcpo. Wmj soaljlurj cja `gf`j

puglg fjusjr qug ga prolufto ijaag gm jaem cocgmto.J fomthmujfhm prhcgro jprgmlgrs j cjmgbjr ga soaljlor, aos cjtgrhjags y ajs`grrjchgmtjs qug mos vjm j sgr mgfgsjrhos. Tjrj gaao, gs rgfocgmljnag rgjahzjrjaeumjs iheurjs fom `hao lg fonrg, gm ajs qug polrs prjfthfjr aj soaljlurj y pronjr aosthgcpos lg fjagmtjchgmto, ajs fjmthljlgs lg gstjo j jportjr, aj iorcj lg foaofjr ajsphgzjs... Lg gstj iorcj fomsgeuhrs umj fhgrtj "gxpgrhgmfhj" hmhfhja.

Cs jlgajmtg, sg gmtrjr gm aj soaljlurj lg focpomgmtgs sonrg umj pajfj lg fhrfuhtohcprgso, tjrgj qug rgquhgrg um cjyor fuhljlo y prgfhshm, pgro qug fom aj prfthfjrgsuatjr sgmfhaaj.

Ga soaljlor uthahzjlo gm Gagftrmhfj

Gm Gagftrmhfj sg sugagm uthahzjr soaljlorgs lg potgmfhj rglufhlj, yj qugegmgrjacgmtg sg trjtj lg trjnjbos lgahfjlos.

Vg trjtj lg um tha qug thgmg um gmorcg fjcpo lg jpahfjfhm, yj sgj pjrj rgjahzjrmugvos comtjbgs o pjrj `jfgr rgpjrjfhomgs. Ga soaljlor lgng pgrchthr ajs opgrjfhomgslg soaljlurj fom gstjo forrgspomlhgmtgs j aj umhm lg los o cs fomluftorgs, ofomluftorgs fom gagcgmtos lga gquhpo. Lgnhlo j su irgfugmtg gcpago, ga soaljlorlgngr prgsgmtjr, gmtrg otrjs fjrjftgrsthfjs, umj erjm sgeurhljl lg iumfhomjchgmto ylurjnhahljl.

Gm egmgrja, sg trjtj lg umj cjsj lg fonrg (pumtj), qug sg fjahgmtj hmlhrgftjcgmtg porumj rgshstgmfhj gaftrhfj fomgftjlj j umj tocj lg gmgrej gaftrhfj (egmgrjacgmtg gagmf`uig lg >>4v). Aos thpos qug sg gmfugmtrjm egmgrjacgmtg gm ga cgrfjlo puglgmfajshihfj

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