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SQA Advice to Schools

 Problem solving Problem solving skills should be developed so that candidates can generally:

o select relevant information from texts, tables, charts, keys, graphs and diagrams

o present information appropriately in a variety of forms, including written summaries, extended

o writing, tables and graphs o process information accurately, using calculations (percentages, averages,

ratios. Significant figures and units should be used appropriately.) where appropriate

o plan, design and evaluate experimental procedures o draw valid conclusions and give explanations supported by evidence o make predictions and generalisations based on available evidence.

Practical abilities Practical work is essential in providing the contexts for the development of scientific problem solving skills. Practical work is necessary to underpin theoretical work and to develop skills. It fosters familiarity with apparatus and equipment, and how it works, as a useful preparation for further study or employment. As a result of engaging in practical work, candidates can generally:

o describe experimental procedures accurately o record relevant measurements and observations in appropriate formats o analyse and present experimental information in appropriate formats o draw valid conclusions o evaluate experimental procedures with supporting argument.

Types of Questions  Problem Solving Questions Be able to calculate averages, percentages and ratios (only ever “express the answer as the simplest whole number ratio.") When drawing a graph:

o Graphs must fill more than half the area of the grid provided. o In graphs, 1 mark is awarded for labelling both axes together with

units and suitable scales. o A scale does not have to start with a value of 0 but when it does, the 0

must be shown to be associated with the appropriate axis. o The plots must be correctly positioned and the line formed must be

clearly linked to the appropriate plot. o DO NOT DRAW A LINE OF BEST FIT

Practical Ability Questions Reliability is to do with the “believability” of the results (Repeating an experiment increases the reliability of its findings) Accuracy is taking precise measurements Validity is correctness or fairness When asked to state a variable that needs to be controlled in a future experiment you should:

1. Look to see what has been mentioned already (e.g. mass, volume etc) 2. Answer something that has NOT been mentioned (if the volume of

liquid is mentioned you can answer “concentration”, if concentration is mentioned you can answer “volume”).

3. Variables that can be controlled are: o volume, o concentration, o mass, o time, o pH, o type, o temperature

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