problem gambling prevention: key information for gambling industry, regulators & policymakers
DESCRIPTION
Julie Hynes, MA, CPS 2014 National Conference on Problem GamblingTRANSCRIPT
Julie Hynes, MA, CPS
Sr. Community Health Analyst - PreventionLane Instructor - University of Oregon
July 11, 2014
Key Information for Gambling Industry, Regulators & Policymakers
Slide deck: www.preventionlane.org/ncpg
• Define what preventionists call “prevention”
• Understand the need for disordered/problem gambling prevention
• Identify strategies and resources for disordered/problem gambling prevention
SPECIAL THANKS
• Oregon Problem Gambling Services
• Jim Wuelfing
• Researchers!
prevention.
Problem Behaviors
Problem Behaviors
for prevention in problem gambling
5.6% college age (18-24)
2½ % all adults (18+)
4-6% teens (13-17)
This is the first generation of widely available electronic gambling.
We really don’t know the effects yet.
Why? Is it the generation? Technology? Or what?
Amygdala active
Risk-taking & impulsive behaviors
Source: Ramoski, S., Nystrom, R. (2007). Image source: simpsons.wikia.org
Prefrontal whaaa?
2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey, Lane County (“ESD”) and Oregon; available at http://oregon.pridesurveys.com/esds.php?year=2012
• Youth gambling is harmless
• Youth who gamble are unlikely to have problems in school
• Youth gambling is not associated with alcohol or drug use
…AND THOSE BELIEFS ARE
Source: PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ADOLESCENT GAMBLING (2011).,
All parents in their focus groups said their kids didn’t gamble
All of their kids, who were in their own focus groups, said they did gamble
Neither sees gambling as risky
Youth gambling & other risky behaviors.
3.1%
14.6%
29.5%
14.9%
30.9%
46.9%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
Did not gamble Gambled
0.5%
5.6%
16.4%
4.3%
12.7%
28.7%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
Did not gamble Gambled
Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
1.1%
6.2%
12.5%
5.1%
10.8%
18.7%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
Did not gamble Gambled
Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
0.7%
8.3%
19.3%
4.3%
15.8%
28.4%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
Did not gamble Gambled
Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
5.7%
12.8%
22.5%
15.4%
23.0%
35.4%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
Did not gamble Gambled
Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
7.2%
5.0%
11.3%
9.0%
Grade 8 Grade 11
Did not gamble Gambled
Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
10.1% 8.0%
21.0%
18.6%
Grade 8 Grade 11
Did not bet/gamble more than wanted to
Bet/gambled more than wanted to
41.80%
22.40%
Physical fight
Gambled Did not gamble
Teens who gamble are
smoking, toking,
drunken, depressed thugs.
Teens who gamble are
smoking, toking,
drunken, depressed thugs.
delinquency
sexual
behavior
depression
substance
use
gambling
Conclusion: Problem Gambling is
of
Problem Behaviors
Problem gambling??
– Apparently similar risk factors
– Very high co-occurrence between problem gambling & other problem behaviors, especially alcohol/substance abuse
Substance abuse Violence Delinquency
Teenage pregnancy School dropout Depression & Anxiety
ALL
• Tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use and abuse
• Delinquency and crime
• Premature or unsafe sex
• Depression and suicidality
• School failure, dropout
Based on the above & those connections, we should also be able to prevent PROBLEM GAMBLING.
In fact, they can be
HARMFUL.
Follow-up link: best practices http://preventionlane.org/best-practices.htm
Prevention in .
We Use the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention’s (CSAP) Effective Prevention Strategies
Research: it takes ongoing efforts in all six areas for prevention to really work
Long-lasting Protective Interventions
Clinical Interventions
Counseling & Education
Socioeconomic Factors
Changing the Context
Make the Healthy Choice the Easy Choice
Examples of
Interventions
Screening for problems
Parenting classes
Home visiting
Changing Social Norms & Creating Nurturing Environments
small group
a population
Success in education, Economic opportunity, Access to affordable housing
Approach
Source: Frieden, (CDC) adapted by L. Adkisson & J. Webster (LCPH)
– Schools: Local school/college/university codes of conduct
– Workplace: Policy manuals: gambling behavior
– Community: Local jurisdiction's ordinances
– Industry: marketing practices
Adapted from Oregon DHS, 2010
• Public awareness
• Policy
• School-based curriculum
• Parent education
• Public awareness
• Policy
• School-based curriculum
• Parent education
Prevention and awareness efforts have been able to PREVENT an increase in the prevalence of problem gambling while facing a dramatic increase in the amount of gambling.
Youthful subject
Little “street cred” as a real issue
Stigma/shame
People are buried with work
Mixed messages
Gratuitous pic of my kid
KEY
IN prevention
Consider doing one of
your assignments on a
vulnerable population
group we didn’t get to
explore.
problemgamblingprevention.org
youthgambling.com:
Consider doing one of
your assignments on a
vulnerable population
group we didn’t get to
explore.
preventionlane.org
addictionisagamble.org :
www.preventionlane.org
[email protected] | 541.682.3928
Lane County Public Health “PreventionLane”
[email protected] | 541.357.9334
University of Oregon
preventionlane
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Cross, Del Carmen Lorenzo, & Fuentes (1999). The extent and nature of gambling among college student athletes. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Department of Athletics.
Department of Defense (2002). Survey of health related behaviors among military personnel Washington, DC: Author. Report information available http://www.tricare.mil/main/news/dodsurvey.htm
DiClemente, C. (2003). Addiction and change: How addictions develop and addicted people recover. New York: Guilford Press.
ECONorthwest (2009). The contributions of Indian gaming to Oregon’s economy. http://www.econw.com/reports/2009_ECONorthwest_Contributions-Indian-Gaming-Oregon-Economy-2007.pdf
Engwall, Hunter & Steinberg (2004). Gambling and other risk behaviors on university campuses. Journal of American College Health. 52 (6); 245-255. Freimuth, M. (2008). Addicted? Recognizing Destructive Behavior Before It's Too Late . Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Kerber (2005). Problem and pathological gambling among college athletes. Annual of Clinical Psychiatry. 17 (4); 243-7.
LaBrie, R., Shaffer, H., LaPlante, D., and Wechslet, H. (2003). Correlates of college student gambling in United States. Journal of American College Health. 52 (2); 53-62.
Moore , T.L. (2002.) The etiology of pathological gambling. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services. http://www.oregoncpg.com
References Moore, TL. (2006). Oregon gambling prevalence replication study. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services. http://www.oregoncpg.com
Moore (2001). Older adult gambling in Oregon. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services. http://www.oregoncpg.com
Northwest Survey & Data Services (2007). Lane County Health & Human Services college gambling survey. http://www.preventionlane.org/gambling/college.htm
Oregon Health Authority, Problem Gambling Services (2011). Oregon problem gambling awareness community resource guide. Salem, OR: Author. Oregon Lottery (2009). Oregon State Lottery Behavior and Attitude Tracking Study. November 2008. InfoTek Research Group, Inc.
Oregon Lottery (2008). Overview through fiscal year 2009. Salem, OR: Author.
Ramoski, S., Nystrom, R. (2007). The changing adolescent brain. Northwest Public Health. http://www.nwpublichealth.org/archives/s2007/adolescent-brain
Rockey, D.L., Beason, K.R., & Gilbert, J.D. (2002). Gambling by college athletes: An association between problem gambling and athletes. http://www.camh.net/egambling/archive/pdf/EJGI-issue7/EJGI-issue7-research-rockey.pdf
Shaffer, H.J., Donato, Labrie, Kidman, & LaPlante. (2005). The epidemiology of college alcohol and gambling policies. Harm Reduction Journal. 2 (1).
Shaffer, H.J. & Hall, M.N. (2001). Updating and refining meta-analytic prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 168-172.
Volberg, R.A., Hedberg, E.C., & Moore, T.L. (2008). Adolescent Gambling in Oregon. Northhampton, MA: Gemini Research. http://gamblingaddiction.org