proactive geosteering with 3d geo-models

Copyright United Oil & Gas Consulting Ltd. 2018

Proactive Geosteering with 3D Geo-Models

How Operations Teams Save on Capital and Improve Well Results

Rocky Mottahedeh, P.Geol. P. Eng.

United Oil & Gas Consulting & SMART4D

Geomodelling & Geosteering Software

[email protected]

www.smart4d.com

Presented on September 26th 2018 for

CSPG OPERATIONS GEOLOGY

DIVISION, Calgary

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.smart4d.com/


Background on United & SMART4D

• United was established in 1991

• Geosteering & Geomodelling since 1998, with over a 1000 horizontals experience built into the software.

• SMART4D has been built in Calgary by United

• Experience with all resource types integrated

• SMART4D released as a Geosteering Product 2015

• Releasing added Geo-modelling modules as part of SMART4D

• Integrated Reservoir Studies, Geo-modelling &Post Drill reviews

• VSM (Volumetric Sweep Mapping) Simulation for modelling drainage of wells and fracs

Extensive worldwide

experience


Definition of Geosteering from Internet

“In the process of drilling a borehole, geosteering is the act of adjusting the borehole

position on the fly to reach one or more geological targets.”

“The intentional directional control of a well based on the results of

downhole geological logging measurements rather than three-dimensional targets in

space,…”


Geosteering with True 3D Models Like SMART4D

● True 3D Geo-models incorporate all offsets and 3D data sets in Real-time

● 3D Progs. on structure, thickness, dip and properties ahead of the bit

● Add accuracy & efficiency which reduce drilling costs & aim for Capital Savings

● Reduce doglegs and tortuosity on Landings and Laterals, decreasing drilling issues, reaching

TD and ensuring well is suitable for completions, maximizing fracable intervals

● Quality assurance by keeping eyeballs on the ball for all stakeholders (real-time reporting)

● Aim for Higher IPs and Percentile recoveries through consistent peak real-time placement decisions.

● Increase Team Collaboration with drilling Teams and Engineers

● Places Operations Teams in the driver seat, doing geology and good placement


Geosteering setup in SMART4D for Single Wells or a Development Program

1. Initiate a Geo-Model with G&G datasets 2. Auto generate spatially weighted 3D maps with 3D Kriging 3. Setup Auto-generate reports and setup web-publishing 4. Connect to WITSML or load rig data manually 5. Correlate with StratCORR & re-run model (Step 2) 6. Target Planner

Cloud PCs Networks

Software

Accessibility

Correlate

& run

model

Visualize

results

Plan

your

way

points

Share

results


Multiple Types of Structure Top Controls in SMART4D

Intersecting or

Regular Tops

loaded from

tables

Independent

Control Points

offsetting

Horizontals from

StratCORR

Vertical

Basemap

A B

Horizontal Profile

2D Profile generated

from true 3D model


Multiple Types of Structure Top Controls in SMART4D

Resulting 3D Kriging

structures & isopach Maps

for multiple horizons

Structure map Isopach

Horizontal Profile

About 8 structures get kriged in <1 min.

1 click model runs with property 100K

cell modelling under 5 minutes.

Imported XYZ

data from:

3D seismic,

pre-gridded

C Digitize maps

From

Geo-referenced images

and shape files

D

Copyright United Oil & Gas Consulting Ltd. 2018 ©


StratCORR segment

Marcellus Target

StratCORR

Offset

Gamma from WITSML or LAS

Gas

ROP

Apparent Dip from geo-model

3D Gamma Model

Marcellus StratCORR Example for Landing

Real-Time Horizontal Panels

A B

A

B

Gamma

Gamma

match


StratCORR segment

15 ft Marcellus Target Target

Marcellus StratCORR Example in the Lateral

A B

A

B

Gamma

Gas

ROP ft/hr

StratCORR segment

Overlay

Apparent Dip

Dynamic

Profile

Offset



• Real-time re-mappings provides adjusted drilling corridor ahead and provides better Way Points at lower doglegs by Operations Geos.

Active Geosteering and Target Planner Real-time Dogleg Feedback for

Target Planning, MD & TVD

Target Planner

Interactive

Target donut

Gamma profile

Toe segment of a horizontal well

Last Survey

Horizontal Panel


Auto Generated Geosteering Reporting to Secure Website Every few minutes for one or more wells

Structures, dip, isopachs and rock properties at survey and relative distances ahead on the plan

Auto-reported structures and

well positions to website

TVD distance to formation tops at last survey &

relative distances ahead generated from 3D model


Collaborate in real-time with team members Setup your own virtual operation center with a few clicks

WITSML Rig data or manual

input

Accessible Real-time Reports and Panels


Marcellus Shale

Background: 9’ Target / Sweet Spot, TVD 6800’, 3500’ & 5000’ laterals Need to stay in High TOC and brittle Target zone away from clay rich material above and below. KPI Improvements: In Target Performance: 100% vs 82% before DLS in the lateral: 27% reduction, Tortuosity in the lateral: 35% reduction

Case Study: Example A

Faults Structure map

Real-time Panel 3D visualization


Powder River Basin

Background: • Over 40 injectors were drilled in a 10’ sand • Compared 10 old and 10 new comparable wells with active geosteering vs 2D processes KPI Improvements: • In Target 98% with new wells compared to 80% for older offsets • Reduced DLS in the laterals by 16% in new Geosteered wells • Client reported water-flood response is positive

Case Study: Example B


Case Study: Example C Deep Basin Montney & Tight Sand Producers

Background: • SMART4D Geosteering with 8 rigs concurrently by Operations Geologists • About 80 wells in the last 3 years • Concurrent use of Gamma and Porosity models while drilling • Team collaboration with real-time Team access

KPI Improvements:

● 18% reduction in drilling days with Capital Savings ● 16% Landings DLS reduction ● 36% Laterals DLS reduction ● 56% increase in formation accuracy

“The technical support provided by SMART4D staff is second to none.”

“The 3D Geomodelling feature inherent in SMART4D is a critical feature that sets it apart from it competitors. “


Important KPI’s achieved:

● Higher recoveries by staying in the target landing zones

● Consistently drill entire lateral sections in 3-meter thick target zones

● WITSML data retrieval allows for quicker response time

● High confidence in the well path interpretation using SMART4D

allows us to quickly and accurately adjust the well path to stay in the

target zone

Background: Over 48 Upper Montney wells drilled since 2015 using Active Geosteering processes since 2015

Aitken & Nig area, B.C., WCSB

Montney Structure

Map View

Case Study: Example D, Montney Play


Live Structure Map

3D View of Montney Gamma Geo-model and Logs

Geocellular

blocks

HZ well trajectory

Structures

Logs


Landing Example: Upper Montney Placement before entering zone of interest

Independent Control Points

A

A B

B

StratCORR

Offset Gamma

Upper Montney

A B

Dynamic Profile

TVD

Gamma

ROP

Apparent Dip

High Gamma


A

A B B

Upper Montney

A B

Landing Example: Upper Montney Placement in zone of interest


Lateral Example: Upper Montney Placement

Offest

Gamma

ROP

Apparent Dip

Upper Montney

High Gamma Shale

Dynamic Profile

Gamma

Gamma

Offset Gamma

A

A B

B

A B


Map View

Panel Showing Geomechanical Properties

Young’s

Modulus,

Poisson Ratio,

Stiffness, etc.


SMART4D Geosteering Benefits Reported Since Software Release in 2015

Some KPI Improvements Reported

● 18% -36% reduction in drilling days & Capital Savings ● 16% & 36% Landings and Lateral DLS reduction ● 56% increase in formation accuracy ● 38% Reduction on Tortuosity ● All Wells in Target Intervals ● Higher IPs and Percentile recoveries ● Less Drilling and Completions issues


Well Planning

Azimuthal & Synthetic Imaging

Some Other functionalities

of the Horizontal Panel

3D Seismic Integration


New Optional Geosteering for Legacy 2D Geosteering (SMART4D LE)

StratCORR

Interpretation Segment

A B

A

B

Gas

Gamma

ROP

A B

Quick start method needs only offset and target data.

Operations Geos can switch to 3D method instantly.


Reservoir Characterization in all Resource Types

Sandstone & Carbonate Reservoirs

Oil & Gas Reservoirs, Heavy Oil

Waterflood Designs & Optimizations

Shale Oil and Shale Gas

Geo-Mechanics, Completions

Tight Gas and Tight Oil, CBM, In-situ Oil Sands

3D Modelling & Visualization of any rock properties such as gamma & porosity


3D Modelling Variability and Faults in Geologic Settings

Shale Plug

Shale Plug

Shale Plug

Modelling

Unconformities

Conformable

Strata

Faults


Other facilities: Customizable Vertical Correlation Panels

Reference well Target well Cross section

from Geo-model

QC& Cross Plot Tools

Vertical Correlation Panels


Completions Evaluations and Visualization of Survey Errors

Gas

Gamma

ROP

Fracable

Dip

Collision Avoidance through Survey Error Visualization

Completions



Multi-use Upscaling/Downscaling of Geo-models for Simulators

• Upscaling for Dynamic Simulators • Structure grids and voxel blocks of porosity, Perms, SW, etc. • SMART4D’s VSM (Volumetric Sweep Mapping) Volumetric Simulator provided as a Reservoir Consulting service

to evaluate new infills and completions to reduce risk on placement in all resource types.

• SMART4D HCPV Geo-models are regularly downscaled to about 10 million cells ~7mx7m block sizes for Reservoir Engineering services. Here are some images of the infill studies in Heavy Oil and Tight Oil plays.

• United can provide the VSM process in the context of the client’s Geological framework /Geo-models when on a Hosted Solution License. This process is faster and lower cost than dynamic simulation. The process is used for examining the current fracs, optimizing them and well planning to optimize ROIs.

Reservoir Studies by United


SMART4D Software, Training, Support & Consulting

• Online Knowledge Base for Users, Training, Ticket System • Ongoing Software R&D with Client input • High value, low cost software for Geoscientists • Works on PC’s: Server based or Hosted Solution on browsers • Contact United for:

– SMART4D Software – Consulting Services:

• Integrated Mapping & Reservoir Studies, Post drill reviews, VSM (Volumetric Sweep Mapping) simulator for modelling SRV’s and Stress Shadowing

• New modules added for HCPV & pay calculation • Advanced modelling courses


Q&A after CSPG OPERATIONS GEOLOGY DIVISION

Presentation in Calgary


How do you initialize models and can you brings results from other mapping or geo-models?

Yes, you can build projects anywhere with the following basic datasets:

General Well data, Surveys for directional wells, Tops, x,y,z data sets from your current mapping

software or 3D software output from Petra, Geographix, Petrel etc. You would need logs in .LAS

system in either metres or ft. Also basic datasets are typically sources from client’s GeoScout and

IHS/Accumap software.

In Canada and the rest of the world other than the US, models are mainly metric and using UTM

coordinates. US projects are in ft and SMART4D is able to use the State-Coordinate System there.

While we can’t bring the detailed characterization results for each voxel from a Petrel model, we can

reliably and speedily re-generate these voxel properties with our 3D kriging engine in SMART4D.

That’s where the speed of the reliable re-generation is useful for Geosteering.


What's the Background on 3D Kriging Automation in SMART4D?

Through years of development and interest in variability modelling, United has used the 3D Kriging Open source code from

GSLIB and automated the feed, geostat calculations and output to simplify processes for geo-modelling.

SMART4D’s development philosophy is easy usage of powerful techniques by all Geoscience enthusiasts. Here is my

analogy with driving. Understanding that most people want to drive and not interested in how the pistons move in the engine.

In the early developments we placed Ph.D. experts such as Gordon McNab with background in Mathematics and Geo-statistics

to automate 3D Kriging and calculations of variograms for each dataset. Knowing the limitations of any algorithms, we have

successfully automated running of multiple structures, isopachs and any property models in a number of combinations and

resolutions with a single batch command. The models honours variability of thickness tops and rock properties for any variable.

Post analysis and examination through a number of methods such as x- plots, Panels and 3D visualizations makes it usable.

In an automated way, in a project area with a few or few hundred wells, SMART4D will access multiple structure points, splice

pertinent logs from vertical and horizontals and perform a reliable 3D solid model using 3D Kriging on variables such as

Gamma and porosity in minutes. A powerful database with filtering supports small or very large projects. Models get solved

reliably, typically in less than 5 minutes. This makes it ideal for fast cycle time in geosteering for re-mappings.

Rocky Mottahedeh, P. Geol. P.Eng.


Can Geochemical data integrate into the Geosteering process?

Yes, geochemical markers can be integrated into SMART4D

and used for geosteering in collaboration with gamma and

other drilling parameters.

Particularly useful are Uranimum/Thorium, Copper/Zinc,

Titanium/ Zirconium Ratios or the Organic Contents can be

integrated at any time, typically manually.


Can Frac Datasets be visualized in SMART4D?

Yes, frac data can be visualized and integrated

• Location of the fracs can be imported in a couple of ways.

• Horizontal Panels can also be annotated

• Tables of fracs can be brought in for the Engineering and frac modelling work and volumetric

simulator VSM in SMART4D. The table contains the frac’d interval, tonnage, contribution, etc.

•

Gas

Gamma

ROP

Fracable

Dip


Can Isopachs/Formation thicknesses and Tops be adjusted while drilling?

Yes, formation thicknesses and tops can be adjusted anytime pre or while drilling, using the

spatial points dropped conveniently in the horizontal panel and basemap view.

Unlike competing 2D software(s) that use TST (True Stratigraphic Thickness) process on every

segment of a horizontal well to do a correlation match and drop a top, SMART4D will drop 3D

points in the middle of its StratCORR interpretations that will then influence the structures.

These multiple interpretation tops can then be adjusted up or down for the next round of 3D

kriging in SMART4D. Also structures can be adjusted on the map view or the horizontal panel

to follow a seismic structure backdrop. Because SMART4D uses all of the datasets, it provides

a more robust and reliable platform for Geosteering.


What is the core difference between SMART4D Software as compared to

its competition with 2D & 3D Model based Geosteering software?

● SMART4D has been designed from grounds up to deliver a proactive geosteering experience in an easily

updatable Geostat based 3D geo-model. With a short learning curve and a number of innovative

processes, it provides a technical advantage to producers. A wellbore is managed in the context of an asset

model where all the project’s past drills, current drilling and new plans are considered, adding accuracy for

landings & laterals. User experience with a lot of automated processes in rea-time data integration &

reporting sets it apart. The cycle time between data arrival, interpretation in 3D and reporting is in minutes.

● Main difference with top 2D geosteering software solutions: These competing products are mainly

providing a reactive approach to well placements & not incorporating all G&G datasets and real-time

learnings in a true 3D setting. Competing 2D products reflect on historical of where we have been but not

where we are going. SMART4D’s immersive 2D cuts from 3D solid/property models and its powerful

visualization also sets it apart.

● Main difference with dominant 3D software solutions: Most clients view these competing 3D products

heavy for real-time geosteering as too complex, expensive and bulky to operate. SMART4D provides a

short learning curve.


Interpretations of logs, whether made directly from original logs or by electronic data processing from

actual or digitized data, or from electronically transmitted data or otherwise, or any recommendation based

upon such interpretations, are opinions based on inferences from physical or other measurements,

empirical factors, and assumptions. Such inferences are not infallible and different opinions may exist.

Accordingly we do not warrant the accuracy or correctness of any such interpretation or recommendation.

Under no circumstances should any such interpretation or recommendation be relied upon as the sole

basis for any drilling, production, completion, or financial decision. We do not guarantee results. We

make no warranties, express or implied. Under no circumstances shall we be liable for consequential

damages.

PROFESSIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS

proactive geosteering with 3d geo-models

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