privacy and twitter in qatar: traditional values in the digital world

Privacy & Twitter in Qatar

May 22, 2016 WebSci 2016, Hannover, Germeny

Traditional Values in the Digital World Norah Abokhodair @norahak [email protected]

Sofiane Abbar @sofianeabbar [email protected]

Sarah Vieweg @velofemme [email protected]

Yelena Mejova @yelenamejova [email protected]

researchteam

12/6/16 WebSci16-Privacy&Twi9erinQatar 2

YelenaMejovaRussia

SarahViewegUSA

NorahAbokhodairSaudiArabia

SofianeAbbarAlgeria

definingprivacyDanielSoloveclassificaGonsystemforinterpreGngprivacy:

1.  Therighttobeletalone2.  Limitedaccesstotheself3.  Secrecy4.  ControloverpersonalinformaGon5.  Personhood6.  InGmacy


Solove, Daniel J. "Understanding privacy." (2008).

toonarrow&toobroad


privacybeyondwesternworld

•  Growth•  Religion•  Culture•  History


rule-basedvsrelaGonship-basedculture

Western•  Rule-based•  IndividualisGc•  Trustthesystem•  Dealsintheformsof

contracts/agreements

TheArabGulf•  RelaGonship-based•  CollecGvisGc•  Trustthehuman•  Honor/Friendship

12/6/16 6

Hooker, John. "19 Cultural Differences in Business Communication." The handbook of intercultural discourse and communication 29 (2012): 389.

WebSci16-Privacy&Twi9erinQatar

h9p://www.mideastmedia.org/survey/2014/online-and-social-media/social-networks.html


privacyinIslam


menGonsofprivacyintheQur’an

“Do not spy on one another”

“Do not enter any houses except your own homes unless you are sure of their occupants' consent”

“O believers! Enter not the houses other than your own, until you take permission and salute the residents thereof. This is better for you, haply you may be heedful”

“…ask leave of you three times before the morning prayer, and when you put off your clothes at the noon and after the night prayer. These are three times of privacy for you.”


threedomainsofprivacy

1)HomePrivacy

2)Genderexclusivespaces

3)Individualprivacy


Muhammad Aslam Hayat. 2007. Privacy and Islam: From the Quran to data protection in Pakistan. Information & Communications Technology Law 16.2: 137-148.

home


AliS.Bahammam.1987.Architecturalpa-ernsofprivacyinSaudiArabianhousing.UnpublishedElectronicThesis.McGillUniversity.

gender

TwotypesofrelaGonshipsacrossgenders:

Mahram:-  unmarriageablekin(e.g.father,son,brother)

Non-mahram:-  menandwomenwhocanmarry

eachother


individual

Awra:Things,likethepartsofthebody,thatmustbecoveredorhiddenHurma:HolinessandsancGty.•  Thelawthatprotectsanythingthatisunlawfultoobtainorlookatwithoutpermission

TheprotecGonofawrafallsunderthehurmarule


Hurma-حرمة

Awra-عورة

non-individualunderstandingofprivacy


privacyregulaGontheory(altman,1975)

Privacyismanaginginterpersonalboundaries

•  DialecGc(ownexperience)•  Dynamic(conGnuous

management)

•  Temporaldynamicprocess

•  Culturallyuniversal•  behaviorsareculturally

specific

•  Bi-direcGonal

Actuallevel

Desiredlevel

12/6/16 WebSci16-Privacy&Twi9erinQatar 16Irwin Altman. 1975. The Environment and Social Behavior: Privacy, Personal Space, Territory, and Crowding.

privacyfromarab-gulfpov

•  Privacythatdoesn’tsolelyfocusoninterpersonalboundaries

•  TheroleofIslam&theculturaltradiGons


whatdoQatarissayaboutprivacyonTwi9er?

publicdiscussionnotasurvey

witnesstheconversaGonprivacy-relatedbehavior


researchquesGons1  HowdoQatarisexpress/referto

privacyinTwi9ercommunicaGons?

2  Whattopicsorcontextsdotheyrefertointheirdiscussions/discourse?

3  ArethereanyindicaGonsofgenderdifferences?Isgenderatopicthatisdiscussedregardingprivacy?


data

1.  dicGonaryoflocaGonsinQatar2.  matchto45daysampleofTwi9erDecahose3.  collectfollowersofallusers4.  keepuserswhoseprofilesmenGonQatar5.  collectfollowersoftheseusers6.  (repeat)7.  unGlnonewusersareidenGfied100KuserswhoclaimtobeinQatar12/6/16 WebSci16-Privacy&Twi9erinQatar 21

dicGonaryofcommonfamilynamesinQatarinArabicandEnglish(85)h9ps://Gnyurl.com/qatarinames


بنيحماد احلمادي

12KQatariusers8.5MtweetsSept2006–July2014


letstalkprivacy

menGonsofprivacyrelatedtohonor,reputaGon,andindividualsancGty


takingintoaccounteightpartsofspeech(nouns,pronouns,verbs…)


cleaning

manual

examinetop100wordsforeachgroupremovesereyah,sharaf,andozladuetoambiguitymergehurma,hayat-khasah,andkhososyahduetosimilarity


cleaning

algorithm-assisted

for‘ird(9Ktweets)useLDAtodisambiguatemeaningsexamineeachofthe50topics’top10wordsassigntoptopictoeachtweetmanuallyselecttopics+tweetsrelevanttoprivacy


2587privacy-relatedtweets


theprivacy

privacy


Facebook

People

Life

Private/personal

Picture

Hurma

Seings

ProgramApplicaGon

Culture

ثقافة ) العيب ( أشد علينا من ) احلرام ( ومبدأ ) اخلصوصية ( ألزم من مبدأ ) نصرة املظلوم ( نحن مجتمع نخاف من اخللق أكثر من اخلالق

God


Picture

OngoingHonor

Yourmorals

Ambassador

honor

Tocover

Awra

sins

YouridenGtyAnger

Hideandcover

Muslims

Others

Don’tAppropriate

CMDAcomputer-mediateddiscourseanalysisIndividual:ContentreferstopersonalprivacySociety:Discussionofsocietyasawholevis-à-visprivacyFamily:Referencetofamilymembers,tribesTechnology:Technology-relatedmenGonsofprivacy,i.e.technologycompanies,cellularcarriers,and/orapplicaGonsLaw:InformaGonaboutthelegalaspectsof,orrightsto,privacyNews:CommunicaGonaboutmediacoverageofprivacyandtechnologyuseandtheirimpactinthecountry/regionReligion:FocusonreferencestoGod,theamerlife,orsinCulture:Culturalaspectsandreferences,incontrasttoreligion,e.g.,referencetonon-religiousproverbsPersonalIdenGfiableInformaGon(PII):Whenthesubjectma9erisrelatedtosomekindofpersonaldatathatisstored,transferredorotherwiseusedviatechnologicalmeansOpinion:Personalviewsaboutprivacy.Including(butnotlimitedto):opinions;jokes;poetry;praiseforprivacyasasocietalneed;criGcismofthemodernitythatischangingviewsofprivacy;rhetoricalquesGonsWarning:WarningsorcauGonarystatementsregardingthemaintenanceofpersonalandothers’privacyRecommendaMon:InstrucGonsandsuggesGonsonhowtoprotectprivacyforoneselfandothersConcern:ExpressionofworryorconcernoverprivacyviolaGonsorlaxa9enGontowardprivacy


privacyinvasionwarnings

Whoreadsamessage/personalnotethatismeanttobeforsomeoneelsewithouttheirconsentthentheyhaveassaultedthesancBty(hurma)ofthatindividual’slifeandcangetuptooneyearinprisonasperthelaw.Sobeware..



DoyouthinkyourprivacyisprotectedwhenyouarewithyourwifeintherestaurantfamilysecBonparBBonedwith

frostedglassbarriers?h-p://t.co/q7pUmKo6ll



People,weappreciateyourconcernduringthecurrentevents,however,familiessBllhavetheirprivacyandhurmathatneedtoberespected

anditisbe-ertostayawayfrompeople’sbusiness.



What[companyname]isdoingtowardstheircustomersbysellingtheirPIIneedstostopandwehavetostandagainstthiscompany

thatdoesn’trespecttheirclient’sprivacy


honor

Violatesyourprivacyinyourgrave:Facebookupdatesitsprivacypolicytoallowyourfriendsandfamilytoaccess

yourprofileinformaBonandpicturesaWerdyingupontheirrequest


honor

DeathhasitssancBty,pleaserespectitbyrefrainingfromsendingphotosofdeadpeople.IseethatsomeofthembegantocirculateonTwi-er.#Fire[mallname].


photos

Yourdisplayphotoispartofyourpersonalityandistheambassadorofyourmorals.Therefore,donotupsetGod

withaninappropriateprofilepicture.


photos

Displaypicturesofwomenisoneoftheongoingsins.Soifyoudonotcreateyourselfanongoingsourceof

gooddeedsthendonotcreatetheopposite.


exposedvsexposing

Onthelackofmodestyamongstexpatriatewomenandmen,

andthelackofrespectofourArab-Islamicsocietyprivacy[link].


isprivacygendered?

manuallylabeledforgenderuser’sname,screenname,profile47%femalecontributed1.367tweets(men1.445tweets)


isprivacygendered?


1.  Privacyisgendered2.  Privacyiswhatoneisexposedto3.  PrivacyisalsoaOerdeath4.  Privacyismoralinreligioussense


privacyinGCC

NorahAbokhodair@Norahak

[email protected]

SofianeAbbar@SofianeAbbarQCRI,HBKU

[email protected]

SarahVieweg@velofemmeQCRI,HBKU

[email protected]

YelenaMejova@yelenamejovaQCRI,HBKU

[email protected]


READFULLPAPERHERE:h9ps://Gnyurl.com/QatarPrivacy

privacy and twitter in qatar: traditional values in the digital world

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