prisons: fortresses of repression
DESCRIPTION
control units in U.S. and treatment of U.S. political prisoners, call to demonstrations against control unitsTRANSCRIPT
PRISONS:
FORTRESSES
OF REPRESSION
I
**
Sii«
? *t
i. I
DE
MO
NS
TR
AT
E:
Sat
urd
ay, A
pri
l 19
Dem
onst
ratio
ns w
ill t
ake
pla
ce a
t:M
ario
n, Il
linoi
s: M
ario
n Fe
dera
l P
rison
Chi
cago
: 31
2-42
7-25
38, 3
12-2
78-6
708
/ D
etro
it: 3
13-8
83-3
212
/ S
t. Lo
uis:
314
-531
-304
5
Lexi
ngto
n, K
entu
cky:
Lex
ingt
on
Fed
eral
P
rison
Chi
cago
: 31
2-42
7-25
38,
312-
278-
6708
New
Yor
k C
ity:
Met
ropo
litan
Cor
r. C
ente
rN
ew Y
ork:
212
-222
-964
0 /
Bos
ton:
617
-876
-903
4 /
Har
tford
: B
ox 6
075,
Har
tford
, C
T 0
6106
Ral
ly a
t 11
:00
am
at
Bro
okly
n H
ouse
of
Det
entio
n, m
arch
to
MC
C, t
hen
rally
at
City
Hal
l P
ark
Tusc
on,
Ari
zon
a: M
etro
polit
an C
orr.
Cen
ter
Los
Ang
eles
: 21
3-23
4-55
22 /
San
Fra
ncis
co:
415-
561
-905
5
San
Fra
ncis
co,
Cal
iforn
ia:
San
Que
ntin
Sta
te P
rison
Los
Ang
eles
: 21
3-23
4-55
22 /
San
Fra
ncis
co:
415-
561-
9055
Rio
Pie
dras
, P
uert
o R
ico:
Rio
Pie
dras
Sta
te P
rison
Pue
rto R
ico:
Cuc
re,
Apt
o. 2
0190
, R
io P
iedr
as,
PR
009
28
Spo
nsor
ed b
y: N
atio
nal C
omm
ittee
to D
efen
d N
ew A
frik
an F
reed
om F
ight
ers
&N
atio
nal
Com
mitt
ee to
Fre
e P
uerto
Ric
an P
rison
ers
of W
ar
••
FIGHT
POL
ITIC
AL R
EPRE
SSIO
NA
CALL
TO A
CTIO
NIN
TRO
DUCT
ION
Para
llelin
g th
e gr
owin
g cr
isis
of t
he e
cono
mic
stru
ctur
e of
3 US
has
bee
n th
e in
crea
sing
foc
us o
n th
e pr
oble
m o
f crim
erin
g th
e pa
st tw
o de
cade
s. B
y m
id-1
960,
the
US, e
mbr
oile
d in
cost
ly w
ar i
n So
uthe
ast
Asia
(pa
rt of
the
grow
ing
war
s of
:tion
al l
iber
atio
n w
hich
beg
an to
res
trict
US
mar
kets
), an
dce
d w
ith s
tiff e
cono
mic
com
petit
ion
from
its
allie
s, c
onfro
ntin
gi e
ver m
ore
milit
ant B
lack
liber
atio
n m
ovem
ent, d
ecla
red
crim
ebe
the
num
ber
one
dom
estic
pro
blem
. And
so,
in 1
965
(the
me
year
M
alco
lm X
was
m
urde
red)
, Pr
esid
ent
John
son
unch
ed h
is wa
r on
crim
e pr
ogra
m b
ecau
se in
his
wor
ds, "
weus
t arre
st a
nd re
vers
e thi
s tre
nd to
war
d la
wles
snes
s," b
ecau
serim
e ha
s be
com
e a
mal
igna
nt e
nem
y in
Am
eric
a's
mid
st."
ingr
ess
resp
onde
d to
thi
s al
arm
ing
call
by a
dopt
ing
the
nnib
us C
rime
Con
trol a
nd S
afe
Stre
ets
Act.
The
adop
tion
of t
his
law
ushe
red
in a
new
for
m o
f cr
ime
mtro
l; no
t onl
y wo
uld
the
war o
n cr
ime
be fo
ught
by
legi
slat
ion,
esid
entia
l co
mm
issi
ons,
pol
icy
rese
arch
by
acad
emic
ians
,it
a ne
w st
rate
gy o
f do
mes
tic c
ontro
l wou
ld b
e in
stitu
ted,
/er s
ince
then
, milli
ons
of d
olla
rs h
ave
been
pou
red
into
this
ar w
hich
und
er th
e m
isno
mer
of c
rimin
al j
ustic
e sy
stem
has
ofou
ndly
affe
cted
alm
ost e
very
face
t of l
ife in
Am
eric
a—fro
me
maj
or c
orpo
ratio
ns a
nd th
e hi
ghes
t lev
els o
f gov
ernm
ent,
tofe
ry li
ving
roo
m in
Am
eric
a. A
crim
inal
just
ice-
indu
stria
l cor
n-ex
has
eve
n em
erge
d. E
very
one
from
the
Just
ice
Depa
rtmen
tth
e N
eigh
borh
ood
Beat
repr
esen
tativ
e pro
gram
(rea
d a
spy-
i-you
r-nei
ghbo
r-net
wor
k) h
as b
een
mob
ilized
to
fight
crim
e,lu
s, a
who
le in
frast
ruct
ure
of p
opul
atio
n co
ntro
l has
beg
un to
,ke s
hape
. The
refo
re, in
som
e re
spec
ts, th
e ch
arac
ter o
f pris
onid
jails
in A
mer
ica i
s be
ing p
rofo
undl
y al
tere
d.
PRIS
ONS:
A W
EAPO
N OF
GEN
OCID
AL W
ARFA
RESi
nce
the
initi
atio
n of
the
war
on
crim
e, A
mer
ica's
grow
ing
rison
pop
ulat
ion
has
liter
ally
mad
e it
a na
tion
of p
rison
hou
ses,
ccor
ding
to
the
Bure
au o
f Ju
stice
Sta
tistic
s Bu
lletin
(A
pril,
385)
, the
tota
l num
ber o
f pris
oner
s in
stat
e an
d fe
dera
l pris
ons
nd ja
ils a
t the
end
of 1
984
was
463,
866.
Dur
ing
the
year
, 26,
628
rison
ers
wer
e ad
ded
to th
e pr
ison
rol
ls. T
he in
crea
se in
198
4rin
gs th
e to
tal g
row
th in
the
pris
on p
opul
atio
n si
nce
1980
tolo
re th
an 1
34,00
0 in
mat
es—
a ris
e of
40
perc
ent i
n th
e fo
ur y
ear
erio
d.Ho
weve
r, it
is im
porta
nt to
not
e th
at t
he la
rges
t nu
mbe
r of
imat
es a
re B
lack
s/N
ew A
frika
ns,
Mex
icans
, Pu
erto
Rica
ns,
nd N
ativ
e Am
eric
ans.
The
impr
ison
men
t rat
e fo
r Bl
ack/
New
•frik
ans
in th
e US
is m
uch
high
er th
an fo
r any
oth
er s
egm
ent o
fop
ulat
ion
in th
e so
ciet
y. W
hile
90 o
f eve
ry 1
00.0
00 w
hite
s ar
een
tenc
ed. 5
67 of
eve
n/10
0 00
0 Bla
ck/N
ew A
frika
ns go
to p
rison
.•-*
- . ± U
-
»
tor
war
to s
tave
off
the
linge
ring
and
grow
ing
econ
omic
cris
iswh
ich it
ent
ered
two
deca
des a
go, r
esist
ance
is in
evita
ble;
so
isgo
vern
men
t rep
ress
ion (
incr
easi
ngly
man
ifest
ed in
a s
trate
gyof
new
sta
te r
epre
ssio
n ba
sed
on th
e th
eore
tical
fram
ewor
k of
coun
terin
surg
ency
). To
day
US p
rison
s ho
ld a
lmos
t 200
pol
itica
lpr
ison
ers
(som
e, w
ho b
asin
g th
eir
case
on
inte
rnat
iona
l la
w,as
sert
Priso
ner
of W
ar s
tatu
s),
mem
bers
of t
he B
lack
/New
Afri
-ka
n, P
uerto
Rica
n, M
exic
an a
nd N
ativ
e Am
eric
an st
rugg
les,
as
well
as d
raft
resis
ters
, wh
ite a
nti-i
mpe
rialis
ts, I
rish
natio
nals
,an
ti-m
ilitar
ism
ac
tivis
ts a
nd p
rogr
essi
ve C
hris
tians
. In
impl
e-m
entin
g co
unte
rinsu
rgen
cy p
olic
ies w
ithin
the
pris
ons,
the
Bur-
eau
of P
rison
s is
car
ryin
g ou
t the
den
ial s
yste
m p
rogr
am,
which
seek
s to
isol
ate
thes
e po
litic
al p
rison
ers f
rom
thei
r co
mm
uniti
esan
d fa
mili
es (c
ontin
uous
tra
nsfe
rs f
rom
one
pris
on to
ano
ther
,in
som
e cas
es th
ousa
nds o
f mile
s ap
art),
rest
ricte
d cor
resp
onde
nce
and
visi
ts, c
enso
rshi
p of
pol
itica
l lite
ratu
re, t
he c
ontro
l of m
ove-
men
t w
ithin
the
pris
on (
cent
ral m
onito
ring-
max
imum
se
curit
yle
vels
), an
d th
e de
nial
of a
dequ
ate
med
ical
car
e.So
me
of th
ese
polit
ical
pris
oner
s ha
ve b
een
jaile
d fo
r exe
r-ci
sing
thei
r hu
man
righ
ts t
o si
lenc
e by
refu
sing
to te
stify
bef
ore
gran
d ju
ries
inve
stig
atin
g th
eir
resp
ectiv
e mov
emen
ts.
A m
ore
vici
ous
and
soph
istica
ted
prog
ram
whi
ch s
eeks
to
psyc
holo
gica
lly d
estro
y th
ose
accu
sed
of v
iole
nt a
cts
agai
nst
the
US s
tate
is
the
use
of th
e m
axi-m
axi u
nits
to h
ouse
thes
ean
ti-im
peria
lists
so
as to
bre
ak th
eir
spiri
t of
res
ista
nce.
Alre
ady
in M
ario
n Pr
ison
in Il
linoi
s, t
his
deve
lopm
ent is
in fu
llge
ar.
Mar
ion,
now
und
er a
tw
o-ye
ar
lock
down
, is
the
mos
tm
axim
um s
ecur
ity p
rison
in th
e co
untry
; it i
s th
e ex
perim
enta
ltre
ndse
tter
for
the
whol
e fe
dera
l pr
ison
syst
em. I
t is
ther
e th
atth
e Bu
reau
of
Pris
ons
esta
blis
hed
the
Con
trol U
nit—
a pr
ison
with
in a
pris
on—
whe
re p
rison
ers h
ave
been
subj
ecte
d to
inte
nse
sens
ory
depr
ivat
ion,
inde
finite
sol
itary
con
finem
ent,
and
forc
eddr
uggi
ng.
As p
redi
cted
from
its
ince
ptio
n, th
e C
ontro
l Uni
t has
prod
uced
in
priso
ners
th
e fe
elin
gs o
f in
tens
e ra
ge a
nd h
el-pl
essn
ess
that
are
ine
vita
bly
expr
esse
d in
vio
lenc
e—ei
ther
agai
nst
them
selv
es o
r ag
ains
t ot
hers
. Al
read
y a
num
ber
ofre
volu
tiona
ries
of t
he n
atio
nal
liber
atio
n st
rugg
les
with
in th
eUS
hav
e be
en su
bjec
ted
to th
e C
ontro
l Uni
t, in
clud
ing
New
Afri-
kan
Free
dom
Fig
hter
s Se
kou
Odi
nga
and
Sund
iata
Aco
li.Al
read
y th
e w
omen
's pr
ison
in A
lder
son,
Wes
t Virg
inia
, has
atte
mpt
ed to
tra
nsfo
rm D
avis
Hal
l in
to a
Con
trol U
nit.
Puer
toRi
can
POW
s Ha
ydee
Tor
res a
nd L
ucy
Rodr
igue
z w
ere h
eld
in th
eUn
it fo
r se
vera
l mon
ths,
unt
il, a
mas
sive
pro
test
for
ced
thei
rtra
nsfe
r an
d th
e un
it to
clo
se.
Bu
t th
e B
ure
au o
f P
riso
ns
has
no
w t
urn
ed i
ts a
tten
tio
n to
bu
ildin
g a
full-
fled
ged
max
imu
m-m
axim
um
sec
uri
ty p
riso
n i
nL
exin
gto
n.
Ken
tuck
y. T
her
e it
is c
on
stru
ctin
g a
spec
ial
un
it t
oh
old
16
wo
men
in
the
bas
emen
t ot
a
hig
h se
curi
ty b
uil
din
g,
tota
lly s
epar
ated
from
the
rest
of t
he p
rison
. Cap
ture
d re
sist
ance
"
• •
' '-
'L
••'• '~
— i-
i-il
ic-*
Cu
oa
n R
nc
pn
hp
in
Ml
I m
CM
10
111
i
popu
latio
n in
the
s jci
ety.
Whi
le 9
0 of
eve
ry 1
00,0
00 w
hite
s ar
ese
nten
ced.
567
oi e
very
100
,000
Blac
k/N
ew A
frika
ns go
to p
rison
.(T
he h
ighe
st p
ropo
rtio
n in
the
wor
ld—
not
even
Sou
th A
fric
am
atch
es t
his
real
ity.)
Bla
ck/N
ew A
frik
an p
eopl
e ar
e im
pris
oned
over
six
tim
es m
ore
freq
uent
ly t
han
whi
tes.
The
impr
ison
men
t of
hug
e nu
mbe
rs o
f N
ew A
frik
ans,
Pue
rto
Ric
ans,
Mex
ican
os a
nd N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s ha
s be
en j
ust a
noth
erfo
rm o
f ge
noci
dal
war
fare
by
the
US
gov
ernm
ent.
Acr
oss
the
coun
try,
ther
e ha
ve r
ecen
tly b
een
wav
es o
f pri
son
revo
lts b
y th
e N
ew A
frik
an, P
uert
o R
ican
, Mex
ican
o, a
nd N
ativ
eA
mer
ican
pri
son
popu
latio
n to
pro
test
the
inh
uman
e an
d ba
r-ba
rous
con
ditio
ns w
hich
they
are
sub
ject
ed to
on
a da
ily b
asis
.W
ith a
rea
dy s
uppl
y of
pri
son
guar
ds w
ho v
ent t
heir
raci
st a
ndw
hite
sup
rem
acis
t m
enta
lity
on p
eopl
e of
col
or, t
he U
S g
over
n-m
ent
has
effe
ctiv
ely
been
abl
e to
rep
lace
the
pla
ntat
ion
over
-se
ers
and
plan
tatio
ns o
f th
e ch
atte
l sl
aver
y er
a w
ith p
rison
guar
ds a
nd p
rison
s. T
he p
rison
sys
tem
the
refo
re r
epre
sent
sju
st a
noth
er f
orm
of r
epre
ssio
n, p
erha
ps th
e ul
timat
e re
pres
sion
.A
s th
e pr
ison
pop
ulat
ion
skyr
ocke
ts a
s a
resu
lt of
the
US
gov
-er
nmen
t's s
yste
mat
ic p
rogr
am to
bui
ld c
once
ntra
tion
cam
ps to
cont
rol
and
subj
ugat
e pe
ople
of
colo
r, p
riso
ners
are
for
ced
toliv
e lik
e sl
aves
pac
ked
on s
lave
ship
s in
ove
rcro
wde
d an
d fil
thy
quar
ters
with
no
oppo
rtun
ity t
o de
velo
p th
eir
phys
ical
, psy
cho-
logi
cal
and
emot
iona
l w
ell-b
eing
. R
at-in
fest
ed f
ood
unfit
for
hum
an c
onsu
mpt
ion
forc
es m
any
pris
oner
s to
fore
go e
atin
g th
em
eagr
e fo
od r
atio
ns a
llotte
d to
the
m c
reat
ing
serio
us h
ealth
and
nutr
ition
pro
blem
s. E
duca
tiona
l, vo
catio
nal a
nd r
ecre
atio
nal
prog
ram
s ar
e ne
arly
non
exis
tent
and
Nat
ive
Am
eric
ans
and
Mus
lim p
rison
ers
are
harr
asse
d an
d de
nied
an
oppo
rtun
ity t
opr
actic
e th
eir
relig
ious
bel
iefs
and
rite
s.Th
e co
nces
sion
s m
ade
by th
e pr
ison
sys
tem
in th
e la
te 1
960's
and
early
197
0's h
ave
prov
en to
be
as il
lusi
onar
y as
the
othe
rhu
man
rig
hts
"gai
ns"
of th
at e
ra.
AMER
ICA'
S FU
TURE
CON
CENT
RATI
ON C
AMPS
If th
e sp
iralin
g pr
ison
pop
ulat
ion
grow
th c
ontin
ues
at t
hepr
esen
t rat
e, w
ithin
the
nex
t dec
ade
ther
e w
ill b
e ov
er 1
,000,0
00pe
ople
in p
rison
; prin
cipa
lly p
eopl
e of
col
or. G
iven
the
cutb
acks
of s
ocia
l pro
gram
s as
Am
eric
a's
answ
er to
its
econ
omic
woe
s(a
gro
win
g de
ficit,
an
unfa
vora
ble
bala
nce
of tr
ade
with
Jap
an,
and
the
ever
exp
andi
ng fo
reig
n de
bt o
f dev
elop
ing
natio
ns),
the
gove
rnm
ent c
anno
t con
tinue
the
sam
e ra
te o
f soc
ial e
xpen
ses
for
its w
ar o
n cr
ime,
par
ticul
arly
the
gro
win
g co
sts
of p
rison
s.Pr
esen
tly i
t cos
ts m
ore
to im
pris
on a
per
son
for
one
year
than
to s
end
him
/her
to
Har
vard
. N
ew fo
rmul
as a
re b
eing
exp
eri-
men
ted
with
; so
the
pris
ons
for
prof
its o
ptio
ns a
re n
ow b
eing
impl
emen
ted.
With
in t
he n
ext g
ener
atio
n w
e m
ay w
ell s
ee fa
c-to
ries,
foun
darie
s, te
xtile
pla
nts
sprin
ging
for
th in
and
aro
und
pris
ons.
The
se in
dust
ries
will
gua
rant
ee th
e ne
cess
ary
indu
stria
lpr
oduc
tion
still
nee
ded
in th
e po
st-in
dust
rial
soci
ety;
yie
ldin
gsu
per
prof
its d
ue to
the
supe
r-exp
loita
tive
slav
e w
ages
.Of
cou
rse,
we
mus
t und
erst
and
the
abov
e de
velo
pmen
t with
inth
e gr
eate
r con
text
of t
he p
lans
for
popu
latio
n co
ntro
l, pa
rticu
-la
rly a
imed
at
wha
t th
e tri
late
ralis
t Sa
mue
l Hu
ntin
gton
has
calle
d in
his
boo
k, C
risis
in D
emoc
racy
, th
e "u
ngov
erna
ble"
sect
ors
(read
Bla
ck/N
ew A
frika
ns,
Puer
to R
ican
s, M
exic
ans,
Nativ
e Am
eric
ans)
. Inc
lude
d am
ong
thes
e pr
ogra
ms
is th
e pr
o-ce
ss o
f spa
tial d
econ
cent
ratio
n (a
pro
cess
whe
reby
the
ghet
tos
are
bein
g de
conc
entra
ted a
nd i
ts p
opul
atio
n di
sper
sed
alon
gco
rrid
ors
that
end
in th
e ou
tski
rts o
f the
citi
es, f
ar a
way
from
the
finan
cial
and
com
mer
cial
cen
ters
). At
the
sam
e tim
e, t
axfre
e en
terp
rise
zone
s w
ill b
e es
tabl
ishe
d the
re to
ins
ure
supe
r-pr
ofits
with
wag
es b
elow
the
min
imum
leve
l.If
in th
e ou
tski
rts o
f Am
eric
a's c
ities
, fut
ure
bant
usta
ns a
laSo
uth
Afric
a w
ill e
mer
ge, t
hen
sure
ly f
rom
Am
eric
a's p
rison
sw
ill r
ise
the
futu
re c
once
ntra
tion
cam
ps.
MAX
I-MAX
I UNI
TS: A
MERI
CA'S
INT
ERNM
ENT
CENT
ERS-
MAR
ION
& LE
TON
As
cond
ition
s w
orse
n fo
r T
hird
Wor
ld p
eopl
e an
d al
l po
orpe
ople
with
in t
he U
S b
orde
rs, a
nd a
s th
e go
vern
men
t pr
epar
es
Lexi
ngto
n, K
entu
cky.
The
re i
t is
con
stru
ctin
g a
spec
ial
unit
toho
ld 1
6 w
omen
in
the
base
men
t of
a h
igh
secu
rity
bui
ldin
g,to
tally
sep
arat
ed f
rom
the
rest
of t
he p
rison
. Cap
ture
d re
sist
ance
fight
er a
nd w
hite
ant
i-im
peri
alis
t Sus
an R
osen
berg
has
alre
ady
been
des
igna
ted
to L
exin
gton
's "
Max
i-M
axi"
Uni
t.
A CA
LL T
O AC
TION
Giv
en t
he f
act
that
pris
ons
refle
ct th
e ge
nera
l stru
ctur
e of
soci
ety,
and
giv
en th
e fa
ct th
at—
sinc
e th
e in
stitu
tion
of th
e w
aron
crim
e tw
o de
cade
s ag
o—pr
ison
s ar
e pl
ayin
g an
incr
easi
ngly
impo
rtant
rol
e in
the
gen
eral
stra
tegy
of
popu
latio
n co
ntro
l.Pr
ison
s ar
e sa
fety
val
ves
to th
e ec
onom
ic w
oes
of th
e so
ciet
y,ce
nter
s of
sup
erpr
ofits
as
a re
sult
of s
lave
wag
es, a
nd in
tern
-m
ent c
amps
for
the
mos
t pol
itica
lly c
onsc
ious
ele
men
ts o
f the
soci
ety
and
of th
e na
tiona
l lib
erat
ion
mov
emen
ts. T
he N
atio
nal
Com
mitt
ee t
o De
fend
New
Afr
ikan
Fre
edom
Fig
hter
s an
d th
eN
atio
nal C
omm
ittee
to F
ree
Puer
to R
ican
Pris
oner
s of W
ar c
all
upon
all
prog
ress
ive
peop
le to
join
thei
r ef
fort
s to
expo
se th
ese
trend
s an
d de
velo
pmen
ts.
DATE
S ON
MAR
ION
PRIS
ON H
ISTO
RY (
A VE
RY I
NCOM
PLET
E HI
STOR
Y)18
59:
Alca
traz
open
s as
US
Arm
y di
scip
linar
y m
ilita
ry b
arra
cks.
1909
: Al
catra
z co
nver
ts t
o m
ilita
ry p
rison
.19
34:
Alca
traz
beco
mes
fede
ral p
rison
—th
e "e
nd o
f the
line
".19
63:
Alca
traz
clos
es a
nd M
ario
n op
ens.
July
197
2: C
ontro
l un
it op
ens
as r
esul
t of
pea
cefu
l st
oppa
ge.
Dece
mber
197
3: L
awye
rs f
ile s
uit
in fe
dera
l co
urt
chal
leng
ing
cond
ition
s of
con
trol
unit
and
inst
ance
s of
gua
rdvi
olen
ce.
1975
: N
atio
nal C
omm
ittee
to S
uppo
rt th
e M
ario
n Br
othe
rs fo
rms.
April
1978
: Fe
dera
l cou
rt ru
les c
ontro
l uni
t con
stitu
tiona
l and
box
car
unc
onst
itutio
nal
(use
of b
oxca
r stil
l con
tinue
s).
.Box
cars
arec
ells
6V2'
(wid
e)x8
'(dee
p)x8
1/2'(h
igh)
with
40-6
0 w
att b
ulb.
72 p
rison
ersa
rein
cont
rolu
nita
nd46
box
cars
are
in c
ontro
l un
it.19
79:
Mar
ion
beco
mes
Lev
el IV
pris
on (
mos
t m
axim
um
secu
rity)
.19
80:
Thre
e w
ork
stop
page
s oc
cur,
the
last
one
in S
epte
mbe
r. W
ork
stop
page
in
Sept
embe
r ce
nter
s ar
ound
:1)
free
dom
of r
elig
ious
pra
ctic
e; 2
) bet
ter f
ood
and
med
ical
car
e; 3
) end
to u
se o
f box
car
s an
d co
ntro
l uni
t; 4)
end
togu
ard
brut
ality
. Wor
k st
oppa
ge u
nani
mou
s an
d pe
acef
ul—
the
larg
est s
trike
in
the
hist
ory
of th
e pr
ison
sys
tem
.Oc
tobe
r 198
0: M
ario
n Pr
ison
ers'
Righ
ts P
roje
ct a
ttorn
eys
bann
ed fr
om p
rison
(bec
ause
of a
llege
d in
volv
emen
t in
the
strik
e fro
m f
alse
sta
tem
ents
by
pris
oner
inf
orm
ants
lik
e Ja
ck A
bbot
).19
63-8
1: 5
sui
cide
s oc
cur
at M
ario
n; 3
by
pris
oner
s in
sol
itary
con
finem
ent;
durin
g sa
me
perio
d 16
inm
ates
and
1gu
ard
kille
d.19
81:
Pris
on in
dust
ry p
erm
anen
tly c
lose
s.Ma
y 19
82:
Cou
rt or
ders
pris
on t
o le
t MPR
P at
torn
eys
into
Mar
ion.
'Oc
tobe
r 198
3: A
fter2
guar
dsar
ekill
ed, a
ll pris
oner
sare
lock
ed in
thei
rcel
lsfo
r231
/2ad
ay.2
pris
oner
sare
char
ged
with
the
killi
ng,
but r
ampa
nt b
eatin
gs a
nd h
aras
smen
t by
goo
n sq
uad
take
s pl
ace
thro
ugho
ut t
he p
rison
. Pris
oner
s are
subj
ecte
d to
forc
ed r
ecta
l pro
bes.
Vis
itatio
n an
d te
leph
one
calls
are
tota
lly b
anne
d. W
hen
resu
med
, pr
ison
ers
are
deni
ed c
onta
ct v
isits
. Ed
ucat
iona
l and
rel
igio
us s
ervi
ces
are
stop
ped.
THI
S LO
CKDO
WN
CONT
INUE
S TO
DAY.
June
198
4: L
awye
rs f
or p
rison
ers'
Clas
s ac
tion
suit
filed
cha
lleng
ing
lock
dow
n, b
eatin
gs a
nd in
hum
ane
pris
onco
nditi
ons.
US
mag
istra
te fi
nds
that
lock
dow
n an
d pr
ison
con
ditio
ns a
re "c
onst
itutio
nal."
Dis
trict
judg
e re
fuse
s to
deci
de c
ase
for
mon
ths
ther
eby
prev
entin
g fu
rther
app
ella
te r
evie
w.
TREA
TMEN
T OF
NEW
AFR
IKAN
PRI
SONE
RS O
F W
AR&
POLI
TIC
AL P
RISO
NERS
1971
: Ne
w A
frik
an P
rison
ers
of W
ar, t
he R
NA1
1,8
men
and
3 w
omen
, are
impr
ison
ed in
the
noto
r-io
us P
atch
man
Pris
on i
n.M
issi
ssip
pi a
nd a
resu
bjec
ted
to p
hysi
cal
assa
ults
, ps
ycho
logi
cal
tort
ure
and
cons
tant
ha
rass
men
t by
pr
ison
guar
ds.
Som
e pr
ison
ers
are
forc
ed t
o liv
e on
Dea
th R
ow a
nd a
re d
enie
d ba
sic
clot
hing
suc
h as
shoe
s; s
ocia
l and
lega
l vis
itatio
n. A
fem
aleP
OW
,pr
egna
nt a
t th
e tim
e of
her
arr
est,
is d
enie
dm
edic
al a
ttent
ion
and
prop
er d
iet.
1972
: Po
litic
al P
rison
ers
Ahm
ed O
bafe
mi a
ndTa
rik S
une
Beya
tta a
re s
ubje
cted
to h
aras
smen
tan
d ab
usef
rom
pris
on o
ffici
als.
Pla
ced o
n D
eath
Row
of F
lorid
a pr
ison
to s
erve
10 y
ear s
ente
nce.
Sund
iata
Aco
li
1981
: Sa
m B
row
n is
bea
ten
and
his
neck
is b
roke
nby
age
nts
of th
e FB
I Joi
nt T
erro
rist T
ask
Forc
e(J
TTF)
and
pris
on o
ffici
als
and
is d
enie
d pr
oper
med
ical
atte
ntio
n.19
81:
Seko
u O
ding
a is
sev
erel
y tor
ture
d by
FBI
,JT
TF a
nd o
ther
law
enf
orce
men
t off
icia
ls to
nea
rth
e po
int
of
deat
h. T
ortu
re t
actic
s in
clud
edgr
ound
ing
out h
is to
enai
ls, p
uttin
g ci
gare
ttes o
uton
his
bod
y, a
nd fl
ushi
ng h
is h
ead
in th
e to
ilet. H
eis
hos
pita
lized
for
3 m
onth
s an
d th
en f
orce
d to
leav
e, s
till w
eake
ned.
1981
: Am
nest
y In
tern
atio
nal
form
ally
cla
ssifi
edph
ysic
al b
ruta
lity
as t
ortu
re.
1981
: Ku
was
i Bal
agoo
n is
bea
ten
by R
ockl
and
Cou
nty,
New
Yor
k, p
rison
offi
cial
s.19
81:
Bash
ir H
amee
d (f
kaJa
mes
Dix
on Y
ork)
isbr
utal
ly b
eate
n w
hile
in
polic
e cu
stod
y. A
bdul
Maj
id w
ould
als
o be
beat
en m
onth
s la
ter w
hen
hew
as a
rres
ted.
1983
: Su
ndia
ta A
coli
is p
lace
d in
23'/
2 hou
r lo
ck-
dow
n at
Mar
ion.
He
is d
enie
d le
gal
and
soci
alvi
sits
and
tele
phon
e pr
ivile
ges.
1984
: Se
kou
Odi
nga
is p
lace
d in
Mar
ion
stra
ight
from
bei
ng s
ente
nced
in c
ourt
.19
85-8
6: M
oham
an G
euka
Kot
i is
dep
rived
of
prop
er m
edic
al c
are
for
an a
cute
mus
cula
r dis
-or
der
that
thr
eate
ns h
im w
ith b
lindn
ess.
Als
o,th
e re
ligio
us r
ight
s of
Kot
i an
d ot
her
Mus
limpr
ison
ers
are
rout
inel
y di
sres
pect
ed.
Seko
u O
ding
a
1973
-197
9:
Assa
ta S
haku
r is
impr
ison
ed i
n th
eal
l-mal
e un
it at
var
ious
sta
te p
rison
s in
sen
sory
depr
wat
ien
cells
with
24 ho
ur b
urni
ng ne
on lig
hts.
Sist
er A
ssat
a is
den
ied
nece
ssar
y m
edic
al tr
eat-
men
t afte
r she
is w
ound
ed d
urin
g he
r arr
est a
ndis
lat
er d
enie
d m
edic
al c
are
and
prop
er d
iet
durin
g he
r pre
gnan
cy. S
he is
den
ied
soci
al a
ndle
gal v
isits
and
tele
phon
e ca
lls.
1979
: S
undi
ata
Aco
li is
sec
retly
kid
napp
ed b
yU
S g
over
nmen
t and
tran
sfer
red
fro
m N
ew J
erse
yS
tate
Pri
son
to M
ario
n, e
ven
tho
ug
h he
is a
New
Jers
ey s
tate
pri
sone
r. S
undi
ata
Aco
li is
forc
ed
toliv
e un
der
pris
on c
ondi
tions
am
ount
ing
to s
olit
ary
conf
inem
ent
for
over
9 y
ea
rs.
He
is a
ssau
lted.
Edw
in C
orte
s, A
leja
ndri
na T
orre
s, A
lber
to R
odrig
uez
1983
: G
uille
rmo
Mor
ales
cap
ture
d an
d to
rtur
edby
the
Fede
ral J
udic
ial P
olic
e in
Pue
bla,
Mex
ico
with
the
coop
erat
ion,
and
in th
e pr
esen
ce of
, FBI
and
New
Yor
k po
lice
agen
ts.
1983
: A
leja
ndrin
aTor
res,
Edw
in C
orte
s, A
lber
toR
odrig
uez
and
Jose
Lui
s R
odrig
uez a
rres
ted
and
rans
omed
on
S5 a
nd S
10 m
illio
n do
llar
bond
.Th
ey a
re h
eld
in u
npre
cede
nted
har
sh c
ondi
tions
fnr
nre
-tri
al
de
tain
ee
s (2
4 h
ou
r lo
ck-u
p w
ith
no
grow
n to
siz
e of
5-m
onth
-old
fetu
s. H
eld
inco
m-
mun
icad
o fo
r 5 d
ays.
Und
er th
e gu
ise
of s
ecur
ity,
she
was
sha
ckle
d to
her
bed
at
all
times
and
forc
ed to
bat
he w
hile
wea
ring
leg
irons
. Arm
edgu
ards
wer
e po
sted
insi
de a
nd o
utsi
de h
er ro
om24
hou
rs a
day
, dep
rivin
g he
r of
any
priv
acy.
TREA
TMEN
T OF
NOR
THAM
ERIC
AN A
NTI-I
MPE
RIAL
IST
-n
ni
i-r
ir»
ni
TREA
TMEN
T OF
PUE
RTO
RICA
N PR
ISON
ERS
OF W
AR &
POLI
TICA
L PR
ISON
ERS
1978
: G
uille
rmo
Mor
ales
, ser
ious
ly i
njur
ed i
n a
bom
b bl
ast,
take
n in
to c
usto
dy a
nd d
enie
d ap
-pr
opri
ate
med
ical
tre
atm
ent.
FB
I lat
er
test
ifies
that
his
sev
ered
fing
ers
wer
e no
t sur
gica
lly re
at-
tach
ed b
ecau
se o
fthe
irde
cisi
on to
kee
p th
em i
nor
der
to r
un l
ab t
ests
.
1979
: A
ngel
Rod
rigue
zCris
toba
l, ac
tive
mem
ber
of
the
Pue
rto
Ric
an S
ocia
list
Leag
ue,
(LS
P),
arre
sted
for
pro
test
ing
agai
nst
the
US
Nav
y's
pres
ence
in V
iequ
es a
nd s
ente
nced
to s
ix m
onth
sin
jail.
Exi
led
to T
alla
hass
e, F
lorid
a, fe
dera
l pris
on,
whe
re h
e w
as fo
und
dead
in h
is c
ell o
neda
y af
ter
rece
ivin
g vi
sit
from
fri
ends
who
fou
nd h
im i
ngo
od s
pirit
s an
d he
alth
.
1980
: Lu
is R
osa
and
Alic
ia R
odrig
uez,
als
o ar
-re
sted
in E
vans
ton,
iso
late
d fr
om g
ener
al p
opu-
latio
n, m
onito
red
via
win
dow
s by
pris
on g
uard
san
d ph
ysic
ally
an
d ve
rbal
ly a
buse
d by
Jud
geB
aile
y; a
lso
beat
en in
ope
n co
urt
in C
hica
go b
yC
ook
Cou
nty
She
riff's
bai
liffs
. Alic
ia b
roug
ht to
cour
t bo
und
and
gagg
ed fo
r se
cret
pro
ceed
ing.
- Six
gua
rds
rest
rain
and
gag
her
, for
cing
a h
and-
kerc
hief
into
her
mou
th th
en ta
ping
itsh
ut (l
eavi
nghe
r bre
athl
ess)
, pu
lled
her h
air
and
punc
hed
her.
1980
-198
4:
Mar
ia H
ayde
eTor
res,
suf
feri
ng f
rom
pelv
ic
infla
mm
ator
y di
seas
e an
d in
co
nsta
ntpa
in,
is d
enie
d se
rious
ly n
eede
d m
edic
al tr
eat-
men
t, w
hich
res
ults
in
her
beco
min
g st
erile
.
1980
-198
4:
Luis
Ros
a su
bjec
t to
ove
r fo
urte
en(1
4) tr
ansf
ersf
rom
pris
on to
pris
on in
Illin
ois
and
thro
wn
in s
egre
gatio
n on
mor
e th
an tw
enty
(20
)di
ffer
ent o
ccas
ions
. On
ones
uch
occa
sion
, Ros
aw
as f
orci
bly
phot
ogra
phed
38
times
in o
ne d
ay.
1980
-198
4:
Car
los
A.
Torr
es t
rans
ferr
ed s
even
times
. On
man
y oc
casi
ons
plac
ed in
spe
cial
uni
t,lo
cked
up
24 h
ours
a d
ay.
Arr
ived
at T
alla
dega
,A
laba
ma,
Fed
eral
Cor
rect
iona
l Cen
ter,
plac
ed in
segr
egat
ion
and
told
that
all
his
corr
espo
nden
ce(b
oth
inco
min
g an
d ou
tgoi
ng)
had
to b
e in
the
engl
ishl
angu
ageo
r wou
ld b
eret
urne
d. In
stru
cted
to s
peak
eng
lish
in a
ll hi
s te
leph
one
conv
ersa
-tio
ns e
ven
thou
gh h
is fa
mily
in P
uert
o R
ico
does
not s
peak
eng
lish—
told
that
if h
e do
es n
ot c
ompl
y,hi
s co
nver
satio
ns w
ill b
e te
rmin
ated
.
Tor
pre-
tria
l det
aine
es (
24 h
our
lock
-up
with
no
visi
ts).
Mrs
. To
rres
is
held
in
all
mal
e un
it an
dsu
bjec
ted
to s
exua
l ha
rass
men
t. C
orte
s an
d A
.R
odri
guez
are
hel
d in
sen
sory
dep
riva
tion
for 1
0m
onth
s, w
ithou
t so
muc
h as
an
accu
satio
n of
viol
atin
g pr
ison
rul
es.
1984
: A
leja
ndri
naT
orre
s at
tack
ed b
y m
ale
lieut
-en
ant,
who
sub
ject
ed h
er to
hum
iliat
ing
sear
chan
d th
en a
ssau
lted
her,
resu
lting
in
perm
anen
tin
jury
to
her
arm
.
1984
: M
aria
Hay
dee
Torr
es a
nd Id
a Lu
z R
odri
guez
held
for
ov
er 1
0 m
onth
s in
spe
cial
be
havi
orm
odifi
catio
n un
it na
med
Dav
is H
all i
n A
lder
son
fede
ral p
rison
, w
ithou
t ha
ving
bee
n ac
cuse
d of
vio
latin
g an
y ru
le. T
his
unit
was
clo
sed
by th
eco
urts
in
1979
and
was
reo
pene
d fo
r th
em.
1985
: D
ylci
aPag
anM
oral
es,M
aria
Hay
deeT
orre
s,Id
aLuz
Rod
rigu
ez a
nd A
leja
ndrin
aTor
res,
ser
ving
sent
ence
s of
35
year
s to
life
, he
ld a
t pr
e-tr
ial
dete
ntio
n ce
nter
s; s
peci
fical
ly d
esig
ned
fors
hort
term
det
entio
n. D
enie
d fr
esh
air,
exer
cise
, par
tic-
ipat
ion
in p
rogr
ams
and
adeq
uate
diet
for m
edic
alco
nditi
ons.
1986
: A
licia
Rod
rigu
ez tr
ansp
orte
d by
She
riff's
Pol
icet
oPon
tiac,
Illin
ois
(St.
Jam
es H
ospi
tal)
for
oper
atio
n to
rem
ove
fibro
cyst
ic t
umor
tha
t has
-im
r*tr
flM
I_II
> I
"We
belie
ve o
ur p
rison
con
ditio
ns a
re ju
st p
art a
nd p
arce
l of a
n ov
er-a
llst
rate
gy a
rrive
d at
crim
inal
izin
g an
d re
pres
sing
all
who
resi
st c
lass
oppr
essi
on, i
mpe
rialis
m a
nd it
s ge
noci
dal w
ars
wage
d in
def
ense
of
itsin
tere
st."
—Pu
erto
Ric
an P
rison
er o
f W
ar Id
a Lu
z R
odrig
uez
1980
-198
5:
Car
men
Val
entin
und
er c
onst
ant
sur-
veill
ance
by
guar
ds in
clud
ing
dur
ing
show
er a
ndto
ilet u
se.
Forc
ed to
sho
wer
with
mal
e gu
ard
pres
ent.
Has
had
her
mai
l in
terf
ered
with
and
polit
ical
pub
licat
ions
cen
sore
d.19
81-1
984:
Id
aLuz
Rod
rigu
ezhe
ldin
segr
egat
ion
twic
efo
rde
ma
nd
ing
rig
htt
o co
rres
pond
with
her
husb
and,
Osc
ar L
opez
Riv
era,
inc
arce
rate
d in
Leav
enw
orth
, K
ansa
s.
1982
-198
4:
Felix
Ros
a, th
eonl
y po
litic
al p
rison
er•in
Illin
ois,
is s
ubje
cted
tofr
eque
nt p
hoto
grap
hing
by o
ffici
als
and
is a
lso
atta
cked
and
mac
ed b
ygu
ards
try
ing
to f
orci
bly
phot
ogra
ph h
im.
1983
: A
lber
to R
odri
guez
hel
d in
sol
itary
co
n-fin
emen
t un
it fo
r 10
'/2 m
onth
s. P
sych
olog
ists
have
cal
led
them
sen
sory
dep
riva
tion
units
. His
cell,
a6
x 10
conc
rete
box
, is
pain
ted
whi
te w
ith a
solid
ste
el d
oor
whi
ch h
as a
slo
t ope
ned
only
for
feed
ing.
Aft
er 1
0 mon
ths,
afe
dera
l judg
e is
forc
edto
ord
er p
rison
off
icia
ls to
pla
ce h
im a
nd E
dwin
Cor
tes
in g
ener
al p
opul
atio
n.Id
a Lu
z R
odrig
uez
POLI
TICA
L PR
ISON
ERS
1981
: Jud
y C
lark
. Kat
hy B
oudi
n an
d E
ve R
osah
nhe
ld i
n so
litar
y co
nfin
emen
t at
MC
C. N
ew Y
ork
City
, com
plet
ely
isol
ated
fro
m o
ne a
noth
er a
ndfr
om a
ll ot
her
pris
oner
s. T
hey
are
allo
wed
onl
yno
-con
tact
vis
its
with
im
med
iate
fam
ily m
em-
bers
. Thi
s m
eans
that
Jud
y an
d K
athy
can
vis
itw
ith th
eir
infa
ntch
ildre
n (b
oth
lye
aro
ld) b
ut a
refo
rbid
den
from
touc
hing
them
. The
ir le
gal v
isits
are
rest
rict
ed a
nd i
nter
fere
d w
ith.
Whe
n K
athy
Bou
din
win
s a
law
sui
t fig
htin
g th
ese
cond
ition
s,sh
e an
d Ju
dy C
lark
are
tra
nsfe
rred
to a
spe
cial
isol
atio
n un
it bu
ilt w
ithin
Woo
dbou
rne
Cor
rec-
tiona
l Fa
cilit
y,
upst
ate
New
Yor
k, a
long
w
ithD
avid
Gilb
ert
and
Sol
omon
Bro
wn.
1985
: R
ay L
evas
seur
, P
atric
ia G
ros,
Jaa
n La
a-m
an, B
arba
ra C
urzi
-Laa
man
and
Ric
hard
Will
i-am
s (th
e O
hio
5) a
re a
ttack
ed b
y 25
US
Mar
shal
sdu
ring
a co
urt
hear
ing
in B
rook
lyn,
whe
re t
hey
are
bein
g ar
raig
ned
on c
harg
es o
f car
ryin
g ou
t11
bom
bing
s of
US
mili
tary
and
cor
pora
te ta
rget
sas
the
Uni
ted
Fre
edom
Fro
nt.
Mar
shal
s ki
ck,
punc
h an
d st
un-g
un t
hem
rep
eate
dly,
whi
le s
ay-
ing
thin
gs li
ke: "
We
wis
h w
e w
ere
in S
outh
Afr
ica
so w
e co
uld
deal
with
you
rig
ht."
1985
: Th
omas
M
anni
ng
and
Car
ol
Man
ning
,co
mra
des
of t
he O
hio
5 (n
ow t
he O
hio
7) a
reca
ptur
ed in
Nor
folk
, Virg
inia
.The
irthr
eech
ildre
n(a
ges
12,
4, a
nd 3
) ar
e he
ld
in a
n un
know
nlo
catio
n, w
hile
the
ir pa
rent
s, r
elat
ives
and
law
-ye
rs a
re f
orbi
dden
fro
m c
omm
unic
atin
g w
ithth
em. T
he c
hild
ren
are
inte
rrog
ated
for 3
mon
ths
by t
he F
BI
and
New
Jer
sey
Sta
te P
olic
e. T
hech
ildre
n ar
e on
ly r
elea
sed
to r
elat
ives
aft
er a
natio
nal c
ampa
ign
and
a hu
nger
str
ike
by th
eir
pare
nts
forc
es t
he g
over
nmen
t to
conc
ede.
1985
: D
r. A
lan
Ber
kman
inj
ures
his
leg
and
then
diag
nose
s hi
mse
lf as
hav
ing
canc
er. H
e is
sys
-te
mat
ical
ly
deni
ed m
edic
al c
are.
1985
: La
ura
Whi
teho
rn, a
rres
ted
in B
altim
ore
inM
ay,
1985
, is
tra
nsfe
rred
out
of
the
Bal
timor
eC
ount
y Ja
il w
here
she
has
bee
n he
ld s
ince
her
arre
st.
She
is m
oved
to
3 di
ffer
ent
pris
ons
in 3
wee
ks,
each
tim
e he
ld i
n so
litar
y co
nfin
emen
t,on
the
gro
unds
tha
t sh
e is
a "
secu
rity
ri
sk."
Laur
a is
thre
aten
ed b
y th
e U
.S. M
arsh
als
on e
ach
trip
. S
he is
hel
d in
pre
vent
ive
dete
ntio
n (d
enie
dba
il) e
ven
thou
gh s
he fa
ces
min
or c
harg
es.
"Don
't be
sho
cked
whe
n I s
ay t
hat
I w
as in
pris
on.
You'r
e st
ill in
pris
on.
That
's w
hat A
mer
ica
mea
ns: p
rison
.—
Mal
colm
X
.
WE
DEMA
ND
END
THE
MAR
ION
LOCK
DOW
N; C
LOSE
THE
MAR
ION
CONT
ROL
UNIT
;IM
MED
IATE
LY T
RANS
FER
NEW
AFR
IKAN
FRE
EDOM
FIG
HTER
SSE
KOU
ODIN
GA A
ND S
UNDI
ATA
ACOL
I1.
Mar
ion
Fede
ral M
axim
um S
ecur
ity P
rison
is n
otor
ious
for
its
bla
tant
abu
se o
f pr
ison
ers
thro
ugh
the
use
of B
ehav
iora
l Con
trol U
nits
. Pr
ison
ers a
re m
aint
aine
d to
tally
sep
arat
ed fr
omth
e re
st o
f the
gen
eral
pris
on p
opul
atio
n, l
ocke
d in
isol
atio
n ce
lls f
or 2
31/z
hour
s a
day.
All
cont
act
with
the
outs
ide
wor
ld (
i.e. m
ail,
liter
atur
e, e
tc.)
is c
lose
ly m
onito
red
and
visi
ts a
reco
nduc
ted
thro
ugh
glas
s pa
rtitio
ns. T
hese
con
ditio
ns w
hich
den
y pr
ison
ers
acce
ss to
fres
h air,
suns
hine
, exe
rcise
and
hum
an in
tera
ctio
n, c
onst
itute
sen
sory
dep
rivat
ion
desi
gned
to c
ompl
etel
ydi
sorie
nt a
nd d
ehum
anize
the
pris
oner
.Tw
o ye
ars
ago,
Mar
ion
beca
me
one
big
Cont
rol U
nit w
hen
the
entir
e pr
ison
pop
ulat
ion
was
put u
nder
231/
? ho
ur lo
ckdo
wn. N
ew A
frika
n fre
edom
figh
ters
Sek
ou O
ding
a an
d Su
ndia
ta A
coli
are
curre
ntly
held
at M
ario
n. T
o the
sta
te th
ey re
pres
ent t
he s
ame
thre
at a
s di
d Na
t Tur
ner,
Den-
mar
k Ve
sey,
Mal
colm
X a
nd F
red
Ham
pton
. Th
eir i
ncar
cera
tion
in M
ario
n is
desi
gned
to im
pose
the
wors
t po
ssib
le c
ondi
tions
in
orde
r to
bre
ak t
heir
spiri
t and
cru
sh t
heir
will
to s
trugg
le.
STOP
THE
CON
TROL
UNI
T AT
LEX
ING
TON
2. L
exin
gton
Fed
eral
Pris
on in
Ken
tuck
y is
in th
e pr
oces
s of
bui
ldin
g a
Cont
rol U
nit w
hich
will
hous
e 16
wom
en. A
ny p
rison
can
, in
fact
, cre
ate
Cont
rol U
nit c
ondi
tions
(se
nsor
y de
priv
atio
n);
a pr
ison
des
igna
ted
as m
inim
um s
ecur
ity c
an c
onfin
e a
pris
oner
to
a se
greg
atio
n ce
ll 23
1/2ho
urs
a da
y fo
r th
e du
ratio
n of
the
ir im
pris
onm
ent.
Man
y pr
ison
ers
of w
ar a
nd p
oliti
cal
pris
oner
s he
ld in
the
Met
ropo
litan
Cor
rect
iona
l Cen
ters
and
oth
er p
rison
s de
sign
ated
as m
in-
imum
or m
ediu
m s
ecur
ity h
ave
been
con
fined
for 2
3'/2
hour
s a
day
unde
r the
wor
st c
ondi
tions
.Pu
erto
Rica
n Pr
isone
rs o
f War
Edw
in C
orte
s and
Alb
erto
Rod
rigue
z wer
e ke
pt in
thos
e co
nditi
ons
at th
e Ch
icago
Met
ropo
litan
Cor
rect
iona
l Cen
ter f
or a
per
iod
of tw
o ye
ars.
Lexin
gton
is o
f par
ticul
ar i
mpo
rtanc
e be
caus
e its
Con
trol U
nit is
cur
rent
ly un
der c
onst
ruct
ion.
The
build
ing
of th
is u
nit i
s pr
oof o
f the
sta
te's
cons
ciou
s an
d de
liber
ate
plan
to in
crea
se th
e us
eof
Con
trol U
nits
. Pr
ison
offi
cial
s ha
ve d
esig
nate
d No
rth A
mer
ican
Pol
itica
l Pr
ison
er S
usan
Rose
nber
g an
d Pu
erto
Ric
an P
rison
er o
f War
Ale
jand
rina
Torre
s to
be tr
ansf
erre
d to
Lexi
ngto
n.
UPHO
LD T
HE R
IGHT
OF
POLI
TICA
L AS
SOCI
ATIO
N;IM
MED
IATE
LY T
RANS
FER
ALL
PUER
TO R
ICAN
, NEW
AFR
IKAN
AND
NAT
IVE
AMER
IAN
PRIS
ONER
S OF
WAR
TO
THE
SAM
E PR
ISON
SO
AS T
O EN
ABLE
THE
M T
O PR
EPAR
ETH
EIR
INTE
RNAT
IONA
L CA
SES
3. T
hrou
ghou
t th
e w
orld
, so
me
of t
he m
ost
fasc
ist
and
repr
essi
ve r
egim
es h
old
polit
ical
nrk
nn
pr«
tn
no
thp
r in
th
e sa
mp
fari
litv
/ P
ricn
naro
im
oiio
,,,,,,
i *„
.
* t«,
,n*h
ar t
n r
n-n
rrli
nat
e
Curre
ntly
, 9 o
f 13
inde
pend
ence
act
ivis
ts a
rrest
ed o
n Au
gust
30,
198
5, a
re h
eld
in th
e Ne
wYo
rk M
etro
polit
an C
orre
ctio
nal C
ente
r aw
aitin
g tr
ial i
n Ha
rtfor
d, C
onne
ctic
ut. T
hese
arre
sts
have
com
e to
be
know
n as
the
seco
nd in
vasi
on o
f Pue
rto R
ico,
sin
ce o
ver 2
00 F
BI a
gent
s we
reflo
wn
to t
he is
land
to
exec
ute
over
38
pre-
dawn
rai
ds.
Tria
l for
the
13 is
not
exp
ecte
d to
sta
rt fo
r ov
er o
ne y
ear,
and
in s
pite
of t
he fa
ct th
at 4
of t
heac
tivis
ts h
ave
been
rele
ased
on
bond
, the
US
gove
rnm
ent h
as fo
llow
ed a
pol
icy
of p
reve
ntiv
ede
tent
ion
with
the
othe
r 9 a
ctiv
ists
. In
onc
e ca
se, b
oth
a w
ife a
nd h
usba
nd,
Lucy
Ber
rios
and
Juan
Seg
arra
Pal
mer
(w
ho h
ave
3 ch
ildre
n),
have
bee
n de
nied
bai
l eve
n th
ough
the
y ha
vecl
early
dem
onst
rate
d th
at th
ey m
eet t
he c
ourt'
s re
quire
men
ts.
The
US go
vern
men
t con
tinue
s to
isola
te P
uerto
Ric
an p
oliti
cal p
rison
ers
in o
rder
to d
emor
aliz
eth
em a
nd f
acili
tate
the
crim
inal
izat
ion
of t
heir
case
s. F
or t
hese
rea
sons
, we
dem
and
the
repa
triat
ion
of a
ll Pu
erto
Ric
an p
oliti
cal
pris
oner
s.
RELE
ASE
NORT
H AM
ERIC
AN P
OLI
TICA
L PR
ISON
ER D
R. A
LAN
BERK
MAN
SO A
S TO
INS
URE
PROP
ER T
REAT
MEN
T TO
REC
OVER
FRO
M C
ANCE
R7
Nor
th A
mer
ican
Pol
itcal
Pris
oner
Dr.
Alan
Ber
kman
was
dia
gnos
ed a
s ha
ving
Hod
gkin
sDi
seas
e in
mid
-Nov
embe
r of 1
985.
Alth
ough
this
type
of c
ance
r has
a g
ood
rate
of c
ure
when
imm
edia
te a
nd e
xper
t tre
atm
ent
is pr
ovid
ed, p
rison
offi
cial
s ha
ve d
enie
d hi
m p
rope
r m
edic
alat
tent
ion.
Usin
g th
e ex
cuse
of
"sec
urity
" pr
ison
offi
cial
s ha
ve r
efus
ed to
tra
nspo
rt D
r. Be
rkm
an t
om
edic
al f
acili
ties
that
can
pro
vide
ade
quat
e ca
re a
nd t
o ch
ange
his
diet
as
orde
red
by th
eco
urt.
Pris
on o
ffici
als
have
inst
illed
fear
and
hos
tility
in
med
ical
per
sonn
el, b
oth
insid
e an
dou
tsid
e th
e pr
ison
, by
sayi
ng th
at h
e is
a te
rror
ist
and
an e
scap
e ris
k. D
r. Ala
n Be
rkm
an n
eeds
imm
edia
te a
cces
s to
phys
icia
ns a
nd m
edic
al fa
cilit
ies
spec
ializ
ing
in H
odgk
ins
Dise
ase
whi
char
e no
t fou
nd in
any
pris
on.
REPA
TRIA
TE P
OLI
TICA
L PR
ISON
ER J
ULIO
VER
AS-D
ELGA
DILL
OTO
HIS
NAT
IVE
DOM
INIC
AN R
EPUB
LIC
8. J
ulio
Ver
as-D
elga
dillo
is
a ci
tizen
of
the
Dom
inic
an R
epub
lis p
rese
ntly
inca
rcer
ated
in
Pete
rsbu
rg,
Wes
t Virg
inia
. Ve
ras-
Del
gadi
llo w
as f
ram
ed in
198
1, al
ong
with
two
othe
r in
de-
pend
ence
act
ivis
ts, a
nd c
harg
ed w
ith b
ank
robb
ery.
He w
as fo
und
guilt
y on
the
test
imon
y of
apo
lice
info
rman
t, wh
o cl
aim
ed th
at V
eras
-Del
gadi
llo w
as p
art o
f an
arm
ed c
land
estin
e Pu
erto
Rica
n in
depe
nden
ce o
rgan
izat
ion.
Due
to th
e di
stan
ce a
nd c
ost,
his
fam
ily h
as b
een
unab
le to
visi
t hi
m. W
e de
man
d th
e Ju
lio V
eras
-Del
gadi
llo b
e re
patri
ated
.
ALLO
W P
RACT
ICE
OF R
ELIG
IOUS
PRI
NCIP
LE A
ND R
ITES
9. P
rison
offi
cial
s ha
ve r
efus
ed to
allo
w pr
ison
ers
to w
orsh
ip a
s th
eir
cons
cien
ce d
icta
tes.
Man
y Ne
w Af
rikan
and
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
pris
oner
s pr
actic
e re
ligio
us p
rinci
ples
and
rite
s w
hich
are
intri
nsic
to t
he u
nder
stan
ding
of t
heir
own
exis
tenc
e an
d th
e fo
rces
of
natu
re.
STOP
SEX
UAL
HARA
SSM
ENT
OF W
OM
EN P
RISO
NERS
OF
WAR
& P
OLI
TICA
L PRI
SONE
RS10
. Tr
eatm
ent o
f wom
en in
US
pris
ons
is m
agni
fied
and
refle
cts
the
oppr
essi
on i
mpo
sed
onw
omen
'in s
ocie
ty a
t lar
ge.
In g
ener
al, w
omen
in p
rison
are
con
stan
tly h
umilia
ted
by p
rison
guar
ds a
nd th
e ad
min
istra
tion.
Thi
s hu
mili
atio
n ra
nges
fro
m b
eing
trea
ted
like
a ch
ild to
bei
ngab
used
sex
ually
. In
parti
cula
r, th
e wo
men
POW
s an
d po
litic
al p
rison
ers
have
bee
n su
bjec
ted
to d
egra
ding
"st
rip s
earc
hes"
by
mal
e gu
ards
and
ass
aulte
d, a
mou
ntin
g to
rap
e. T
hey
have
been
pla
ced
in a
ll-m
ale
sect
ions
, for
ced
to b
athe
in fr
ont o
f mal
e gu
ards
and
use
the
bath
room
while
bei
ng w
atch
ed b
y m
ale
pris
oner
s. T
hey
have
bee
n ve
rbal
ly a
buse
d by
bot
h m
ale
guar
dsan
d co
mm
on p
rison
ers.
The
y ha
ve b
een
deni
ed a
dequ
ate
med
ical c
are
to th
e po
int o
f bec
omin
gst
erile
. Man
y ha
ve b
een
kept
in is
olat
ion
for
a lo
ng p
erio
d of
tim
e an
d in
com
mun
icad
o. T
heir
child
ren
have
bee
n se
para
ted
and
inte
rroga
ted
to p
lace
pre
ssur
e on
the
pare
nts
to b
reak
thei
rw
ill to
res
ist.
J.
Inro
uyn
uu
i m
e w
un
u,
som
e ui
m
e m
ust
idsu
iM c
iuu
icp
icss
ivc
icyn
nco
uum
yu
nu
^ni
pris
oner
s to
geth
er i
n th
e sa
me
faci
lity.
Pris
oner
s ar
e al
low
ed t
o m
eet
toge
ther
to
co-o
rdin
ate
thei
r de
fens
e an
d to
see
k re
dres
s of
pri
son
cond
ition
s.P
uert
o R
ican
, New
Afr
ika
n an
d N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
pri
sone
rs o
f w
ar h
ave
esta
blis
hed,
bot
h in
prac
tice
and
in p
rinc
iple
, th
at t
heir
case
s be
long
bef
ore
an i
nter
natio
nal
trib
un
al.
Yet
, the
US
gove
rnm
ent
refu
ses
to r
ecog
nize
thei
r po
litca
l st
atus
and
has
don
e ev
eryt
hing
po
ssib
le t
opr
even
t the
ir ca
ses
fro
m r
ea
chin
g th
e in
tern
atio
nal
leve
l. T
he r
ight
to
polit
ical
ass
ocia
tion
is a
hum
an r
ight
, an
d as
suc
h, a
ll pr
ison
ers
of w
ar s
houl
d be
allo
wed
to e
xerc
ise
that
rig
ht i
n or
der
to p
repa
re t
heir
resp
ectiv
e ca
ses.
IMM
EDIA
TELY
TRA
NSFE
R AL
L PO
LITI
CAL
PRIS
ONER
STO
PRI
SONS
NEA
R TH
EIR
HOM
ES4.
T
he D
enia
l S
yste
m i
s a
tact
ic u
sed
to i
sola
te p
riso
ners
fro
m t
heir
fam
ilie
s an
d su
ppor
ters
.T
his
is d
one
by t
rans
ferr
ing
pris
oner
s lo
ng d
ista
nces
fro
m t
heir
fam
ilies
, fr
iend
s an
d sy
mpa
-th
izer
s. T
his
mak
es it
impo
ssib
le fo
r hu
sban
ds, w
ive
s an
d ch
ildre
n to
mai
ntai
n fa
mily
rel
atio
nsev
en a
t a
min
ima
l le
vel.
Sin
ce i
n ev
ery
case
com
para
ble
pris
ons
can
be f
ound
nea
r th
eir
hom
es,
send
ing
them
gre
at d
ista
nces
ser
ves
no a
ther
pur
pose
then
to
com
plet
ely
sepa
rate
them
fro
m t
heir
fam
ilies
. P
riso
ners
of
War
and
pol
itica
l pr
ison
ers
are
delib
erat
ely
isol
ated
fro
m p
oliti
cal,
lega
l an
d m
oral
su
ppor
t.T
he D
enia
l Sys
tem
is
part
of
a co
unte
r-in
surg
ency
str
ateg
y. C
onsc
ious
of
the
fact
th
at
the
arre
st,
tria
l an
d in
carc
erat
ion
of p
riso
ners
of
war
an
d p
olit
ica
l pr
ison
ers
gene
rate
s m
edia
cove
rage
and
pub
lic s
uppo
rt,
pris
on o
ffic
ials
sin
gle
out t
he p
riso
ner
for
abus
e an
d ha
rass
men
t.A
ll co
mm
unic
atio
n be
twee
n th
e pr
ison
er a
nd h
is o
r he
r la
wye
r, f
am
ily a
nd s
uppo
rter
s ar
edi
srup
ted.
Thr
ough
thi
s ha
rass
men
t an
d is
olat
ion,
att
empt
s ar
e co
nsta
ntly
mad
e to
coe
rce
the
pris
oner
int
o be
lievi
ng h
e or
she
has
bee
n ab
ando
ned
and
shou
ld t
urn
Sta
te's
witn
ess.
END
GRAN
D JU
RY R
EPRE
SSIO
N AN
D PO
LITI
CAL
INTE
RNM
ENT
5. O
ver
the
last
ten
yea
rs,
fede
ral g
rand
jur
ies
have
bee
n us
ed a
s a
tool
of
the
FB
I to
hara
ssan
d in
timid
ate
entir
e co
mm
uniti
es.
By
issu
ing
subp
oena
s to
po
litic
al
activ
ists
w
ho t
he F
BI
know
ar
e no
t go
ing
to c
olla
bora
te,
polit
ical
le
ader
s ar
e in
carc
erat
ed
with
ou
t ha
ving
be
ench
arge
d w
ith
a cr
ime.
Pue
rto
Ric
an,
Mex
ican
o,
New
Afr
ikan
, N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
an
d N
orth
Am
eric
an p
oliti
cal
lead
ers
have
bee
n ta
rget
ed f
or p
oliti
cal
inte
rnm
ent
and
jaile
d.R
icar
do R
omer
o an
d M
aria
Cue
to a
re le
ader
s of
the
Mov
imie
nto
de L
iber
acio
n N
atio
nal-M
ex-
ican
o. T
he M
LN-M
exic
ano
has
been
at
the
fore
fron
t of
the
str
uggl
e fo
r th
e re
unifi
catio
n of
Mex
ico
wit
h its
nor
ther
n te
rrito
ries
st
olen
by
US
im
peri
alis
m.
Ove
r th
e la
st t
en y
ears
bo
thR
icar
do R
omer
o an
d M
aria
Cue
to h
ave
also
dis
tingu
ishe
d th
emse
lves
by
thei
r un
com
prom
isin
gsu
ppor
t fo
r P
uerto
Ric
an i
ndep
ende
nce.
As
targ
ets
of g
rand
ju
rie
s in
vest
igatin
g b
oth
the
Mex
ican
o an
d P
uert
o R
ican
lib
era
tion
mov
emen
t, R
icar
do a
nd M
aria
hav
e be
en i
ncar
cera
ted
.tw
ice
for
refu
sing
to
colla
bora
te.
Bot
h R
icar
do a
nd M
aria
are
cu
rre
ntly
in
fede
ral
pris
ons
as a
res
ult
of a
sec
ond
gran
d ju
ryw
hic
h ch
arge
d th
em w
ith c
rim
ina
l co
ntem
pt.
Alth
ough
R
icar
do a
nd M
aria
wer
e su
bpoe
naed
and
char
ged
alon
g w
ith th
ree
inde
pend
ence
act
ivis
ts, S
teve
n G
uerr
a, J
ulio
and
And
res
Ros
ado,
they
ha
ve b
een
sing
led
out
by t
he s
tate
for
ad
diti
on
al
hara
ssm
ent
and
repr
essi
on.
Hav
ing
star
ted
thei
r se
nten
ce a
t the
sam
e tim
e as
the
othe
r th
ree,
pris
on o
ffic
ials
hav
e no
w r
efus
ed t
ore
leas
e R
icar
do a
nd M
aria
at
the
desi
gnat
ed c
ompl
etio
n of
th
eir
sen
tenc
e. I
nste
ad o
f be
ing
sche
dule
d fo
r re
leas
e w
ith
Julio
, And
res
and
Ste
ven
in m
id-A
pril,
Ric
ardo
and
Mar
ia h
ave
had
thei
r re
leas
e da
te s
ched
uled
for
Jun
e an
d Ju
ly.
Sin
ce b
oth
Mar
ia C
ueto
and
Ric
ardo
Rom
ero
have
alre
ady
serv
ed o
ne p
rison
sen
tenc
e fo
rn
on
-co
llab
ora
tion
and
are
curr
ently
se
rvin
g a
sent
ence
for
the
sam
e re
ason
, th
eir
co
ntin
ued
inca
rcer
atio
n fo
r up
hold
ing
thei
r re
volu
tiona
ry p
rinci
ples
is
sol
ely
puni
tive.
REPA
TRIA
TE A
LL P
UERT
O RI
CAN
POLI
TICA
L PR
ISON
ERS
6.
His
toric
ally
, im
pris
oned
ind
epen
denc
e ac
tivis
ts
in P
uert
o R
ico
have
had
Pue
rto
Ric
an s
en-
time
nt
on th
eir
side
. To
defu
se t
he g
row
th o
f po
pula
r su
ppor
t, in
depe
nden
ce a
ctiv
ists
arr
este
din
Pue
rto
Ric
o ar
e se
nt t
o pr
ison
s in
the
US
. Iso
late
d fr
om f
am
ilyi f
rien
ds a
nd s
uppo
rter
s, t
hey
are
plac
ed i
n an
un
fam
ilia
r en
viro
nmen
t w
here
the
pop
ulat
ion
is i
ndiff
eren
t to
the
abu
ses
bypr
ison
of
ficia
ls.
VU
k....
mum
PART
IAL
LIST
OF
ENDO
RSER
S: M
ovem
ent f
or N
atio
nal L
iber
atio
n—P
uert
o R
ican
; New
Afr
ikan
Peo
ple'
s O
rgan
izat
ion,
New
Mov
emen
t in
Sol
idar
ity w
ith P
uerto
Ric
an In
depe
nden
ce a
nd S
ocia
lism
; Jo
hn B
row
n A
nti-K
lan
Com
mitt
ee;
Com
mitt
eeto
Fig
ht R
epre
ssio
n-P
rairi
e Fi
reO
rgan
izin
g C
omm
ittee
; Rev
olut
iona
ry S
tude
nts
Ass
ocia
tion,
Joh
n Ja
yC
olle
ge
NY
' Uni
tary
Com
mite
e to
Fig
ht R
epre
ssio
n (C
UC
RE,
PR
); P
uerto
Ric
an C
omm
ittee
Aga
inst
Rep
ress
ion,
Com
mitt
eeto
End
the
Mar
ion
Lock
dow
n; S
t. Lo
uis
Bla
ck E
mer
genc
y C
ente
r; C
liffo
rd W
ilson
Sen
ior S
ervi
ce C
ente
r,St
Lou
is A
rk o
f God
Chu
rch
Rev
. R
obbi
e C
anty
, St.
Loui
s; S
t. Lo
uis
Bla
ck U
nite
d F
ront
; Kan
sas
City
Bla
ck U
nite
dFr
ont:
Coa
litio
n to
End
Pol
ice
Bru
talit
y &
Rac
ism
, Bat
tle C
reek
M
ichi
gan;
MC
BL
Col
lege
of
Law
& In
tern
atio
nal
Dip
lom
acy
Pro
visi
onal
Gov
ernm
ent o
f the
Rep
ublic
of N
ew A
frik
a; N
ew A
frik
an L
egal
Net
wor
k: M
alco
lm X
Cen
ter
for B
lack
Sur
viva
l Det
roit
Los
Ang
eles
: Mal
colm
XC
omm
unity
Cen
terL
egal
Clin
ic, D
etro
it; R
afae
l Can
cel M
irand
a;D
anie
l Ber
rigan
- M
orto
n S
obel
l: P
rofe
ssor
Ber
tell
Oilm
an, D
ept.
of P
oliti
cs, N
YU; C
arl B
issi
nger
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