prisons for sale – or: sale of humanity international project week nordhausen mai 2003 outline...
TRANSCRIPT
Prisons for sale – or: Sale of Prisons for sale – or: Sale of HumanityHumanity
International Project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Outline• Market or State – the provision of welfare
– Lecture and opening discussion• The Liberalisation of the Market for
Services• Social Services – Commodification
or Decommodification of the workforce• Social Services in Nordhausen - developments
Prisons for sale – or: Sale of Prisons for sale – or: Sale of HumanityHumanity
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Outline• Introduction • European Integration as framework• Social Policy – between doing
good and management• Social policy – a EUropean perspective• Social services – their current
quantitative meaning• Social services – a tradable good?
International project-week Nordhausen 2003International project-week Nordhausen 2003
““That which was experimental in our That which was experimental in our plan of government was the question plan of government was the question whether democratic rule could be so whether democratic rule could be so organized and conducted that it organized and conducted that it would not degenerate into license would not degenerate into license and result in the tyranny of and result in the tyranny of absolutism, without saving to the absolutism, without saving to the people the power so often found people the power so often found necessary of repressing or destroying necessary of repressing or destroying their enemy, when he was found in their enemy, when he was found in the person of a single despot.”the person of a single despot.”
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
What drives this headlong rush towards What drives this headlong rush towards the unimaginable? Prison is no longer the unimaginable? Prison is no longer just a crime and punishment business, it just a crime and punishment business, it is a money business. From the chain-is a money business. From the chain-gang to the isolation unit, incarceration gang to the isolation unit, incarceration has become one of America 's fastest-has become one of America 's fastest-growing industries, a sure thing in a growing industries, a sure thing in a softening economy.softening economy.
Buy a prison
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Buy a prison 2Buy a prison 2
Generating over $30 billion a year in the Generating over $30 billion a year in the US - more than baseball, more than US - more than baseball, more than pornography - the thriving prison industry pornography - the thriving prison industry has created millionaires with a vested has created millionaires with a vested interest in filling cells and employees with interest in filling cells and employees with a fatalistic attitude to their long-term a fatalistic attitude to their long-term guests. "Let's face it," one warden guests. "Let's face it," one warden recently remarked, "they're here to die."recently remarked, "they're here to die."
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
European Integration as
framework
International project week NordhausenInternational project week Nordhausen
The European Social Modelnormative hopes and
promises …
For most people it is the ‘European Social Model’ that distinguishes Europe from other parts of the ‘developed countries’. This model is probably better defined as a set of shared values than as a fixed model. …These values include:• A society which places human rights including economic and social rights at the centre of its concerns and ensures that no one is excluded from exercising their rights and participating fully in society
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The European Social Modelnormative hopes and promises … 2
• A high level of social protection and universal and equal access to key
services such as; health care, education and training, housing, that is guaranteed or provided by the state• The recognition of the strength of cultural diversity within and between member states.• A commitment to high quality and
stable employment with a strong emphasis on the rights of workers
International project week NordhausenInternational project week Nordhausen
… and the official working definition
The European Social Model reflects the following common principles: • Europe’s success must not exclude anyone, • Solidarity is linked to economic success. • There is neither dilemma nor a contradiction between economic and social progress.• The welfare state is not a luxury, a product of economic development, but a factor of production.
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
The Union has today set itself a new strategic goal for the next decade: to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion.
The Union’s strategic goal
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
The Union’s strategic goal 2
This strategy is designed to enable the Union to regain the conditions for full employment, and to strengthen regional cohesion in the European Union. The European Council needs to set a goal for full employment in Europe in an emerging new society which is more adapted to the personal choices of women and men.
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
EUropean integration – the fundamental mechanism of four
basic freedoms
• Free movement of capital
• Free movement of goods
• Free movement of workers
• Free movement of services
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social policy – between doing
good and management
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy – fundamental role and function
• Protection
• Distribution
• Production
• Societal politics
• Re-Distribution (interpersonal and intergenerational)
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism - A Typology of welfare systems (Esping-
Andersen)
Welfare regimeA regime is understood as a particular constellation of social, political and economic arrangements which tend to nurture a particular welfare system, which in turn supports a particular pattern of stratification, and thus feeds back into its own stability.
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The Three Worlds … 2
De-commodification occurs when a service is rendered as a matter of
right and when a person can maintain a livelihood without reliance on the
market.
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The Three Worlds … 3a
Type of wel-fare Type of wel-fare regimeregime
LiberalLiberal ConservativeConservative Social-Social-democraticdemocratic
ValuesValues Work ethic Work ethic stigmastigma
Rights Rights according to according to class and class and status status
Equality, Equality, universalism universalism of high of high standards standards
InstrumentsInstruments Means tested Means tested assistanceassistance
Private Private insurance insurance backed by backed by state state
State = first State = first line of line of support; high support; high level of level of benefits benefits
AimsAims Strengthen Strengthen marketmarket
Strengthen Strengthen civil society, civil society, limit marketlimit market
Fusion welfare Fusion welfare and work, full and work, full employmentemployment
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Decommodi-Decommodi-ficationfication
LowLow MediumMedium highhigh
Class Class implicationsimplications
Middle class Middle class suspicious of suspicious of state state
Class Class maintained maintained but stabilised but stabilised
Middle class Middle class wooed from wooed from market to market to state state
ExampleExample USA, Canada, USA, Canada, Australia, UKAustralia, UK
Austria, Austria, France, France, Germany, Germany, ItalyItaly
ScandinaviaScandinavia
The Three Worlds … 3b
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social policy – a EUropean
perspective
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in the European Context – flanking market
imperfection
European Social Policy as flanking factor – thought as evening out and compensating for shortcomings in other policy areas
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Since the introduction of the internal market the necessity of reducing regional disparities is getting even stronger in the political task list. In a world, shaped by looking for competitiveness one cannot presume that free trade and the market guarantee a balanced development. In consequence the situation of poor regions is getting even worse.
Social Policy in the European Context – flanking market
imperfection
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
In addition the governments are reducing public spending to fulfill the convergence criteria as they had been defined in the Treaty of Masstricht.
Social Policy in the European Context – flanking market
imperfection
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in the European Context – flanking market
imperfection
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy as productive factor – linkage or
subordination?
Social policy as a productive factor can be interpreted as promoting growth or, more broadly, aspromoting quality of life. Productivity, in the sense of promoting growth implies that growth in incomeper capita is the key policy aim. …
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy as productive factor – linkage or
subordination?The important thing is to realise the double dimension of socialpolicy. It has a consumption (e.g. redistribution) and an investment component (education and training,health care, occupational safety and health).
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy as productive factor – linkage or
subordination?
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy – the costs of non-social policy
On the side of the economic costs of non-social policy we have shown that social policy contributes to economic stabilisation and smoothing of the business cycle, and it has a positive effect on allocation efficiency.
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy – the costs of non-social policy
Publicly provided social protection offers the possibility to cope with adverse selection, internalise (income) externalities and take advantage of economies of scales.
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy – the costs of non-social policy
Social policy also contributes to the quality of the labour force and the formation of social capital. On changing and dynamic labour markets – such as transitional labour markets with increased flexibility of the labour market, part-time work, non-linear careers – it contributes to smoothing new social and economic risks.
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy – the costs of non-social policy
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in a Social Quality Perspective
The ‘social’ is the outcome of constantly changing processes through which individuals realise themselves as interacting social beings. From this point of view social policy is no longer the handmaiden of economic policy, because both depend on the underlying concept of ‘the social’.
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Furthermore policy can no longer be seen as a top-down form of governance, because the social processes in which individuals realise themselves should be point of departure for policy development.
Social Policy in a Social Quality Perspective
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in a Social Quality Perspective
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social services – their current quantitative
meaning
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Einrichtungen und Dienste
der Freien
Wohlfahrtspflege 2000
Einrich
-
tungen
Betten/
Plätze
Vollzeit-
beschäft
.
Teilzeit-
beschäft
.
1. Krankenhäuser
1.227 220.507 213.774 103.742
2. Jugendhilfe
33.974 1.835.231 146.482 110.250
3. Familienhilfe
9.453 58.757 34.505 54.942
4. Altenhilfe
15.212 481.495 129.437 108.140
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Einrichtungen und Dienste
– 2Einrich-
tungen
Betten/
Plätze
Vollzeit-
beschäft.
Teilzeit-
beschäft.
5. Behindertenhilfe
12.449 344.819 98.208 59.503
6. Sonstige Einrichtungenund Dienste
19.683 &215.417 55.835 33.086
7. Aus-, Fort- und Weiter-bildungsstätten
1.568 114.310 8.435 7.990
Gesamt 93.566 3.270.536 686.676 477.653
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Facilities and sevices provided by the non-statutory welfare – according working areas,
2000
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
And sevices provided by the non-statutory welfare – according working areas, 2000 –
beds and spaces
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Facilities and sevices provided by the non-statutory welfare – according working areas,
2000 - Employees
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Distribution of care facilities in Ireland
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social services – a
tradable good?
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The term ‘service’ contains the contradiction of the subjective-personal order (of power) of ‘serving’ on the one hand and the objective (then mostly impersonal/’alienated’) criteria of order which are concerned with perfomance.
Social Services – their specific character. The academic debate
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Totality of activities concerned with the material and ideal Totality of activities concerned with the material and ideal reporiduction of societyreporiduction of society
A: fullfilling the physical A: fullfilling the physical conditions of life by conditions of life by productive activitiesproductive activities
B: 1) services as form-B: 1) services as form-protecting activitiesprotecting activities
2) Extracting 2) Extracting activities in activities in the primary the primary sectorsector
3) Productive 3) Productive activities in activities in the the secondary secondary sectorsector
Processing and application of Processing and application of informationinformation
Material-productionMaterial-production
oriented servicesoriented servicesInteractive, person-oriented Interactive, person-oriented services services
Social Services – their specific character. The academic debate
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Terminology: ‘social services’ are not clearly differentiated in regard of the dimension of acting and the organisational dimension.Classification: social services are being classified as sub-category of person-oriented servicesSubstantial aspect: social services are characterised as being ‘help’/’support’ (for dependents)
Social Services – their specific character. The academic debate
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Formal aspect: social services are provided in the framework of statutory social policy: central, bureaucratic, paid, professionalisedHistorical aspect: historically, social services are recent; previously matters concerned had been part of the socio-cultural system, provided near to the family and ‘natural’
Social Services – their specific character. The academic debate
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
• Social Services are services of General Interest
• They have, however, a specific nature, making them different from other services of general interest (e.g. transport, electricity supply etc.)
• Consequently, they need specific treatment
Social Services – their specific character. The recent debate by the Platform of
Social NGOs
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
• Concerned with the implementation of human rights and empowerment of people• Person-centred• linked to the respective national
welfare systems• based on institutional, organised
arrangements with qualified personell• Results depending on the quality
of interaction
Social Services – their specific character. The recent debate by the Platform of
Social NGOs
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The implementation of the EU-law in the area of services of general interest will only enforce the liberalisation and competitive orientation which is widely accepted in other areas of the law of the member states and which guarantees freedom, wealth and multitude by applying the rules of the market.
Social Services – their specific character
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The advocates of the application of the competition law cannot understand why the provision of financial services is seen as so crucial that it has to be guaranteed by the state (saving banks) but that nobody considers to transfer the trade with food into public enterprises because of the importance of the provision across the entire region.
Social Services – their specific character
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
The public sector is a central element of economic policies in the member states.
Social Services – their specific character
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Project work
1.Discuss the four definitions2.Provide a comparative list with
social services in and around Nordhausen
International project week Nordhausen 2003International project week Nordhausen 2003
Project work
DefintionDefintion Widely Widely held held under-under-standingstanding
AcademiAcademic c defintiondefintion
Platform Platform on behalf on behalf of of providersproviders
Liberal Liberal EconomyEconomy
Type of Type of service/ service/ name of name of agencyagency
((bb – – border-border-case)case)