priorités de la recherche-innovation en algérie à l’horizon 2023

Project funded by the European Commission under the 7thEuropean Framework Programme – Activities for InternationalCooperation of the Capacities Programme.

FAWIRA

MINISTERE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DU DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHEAGRONOMIQUE D’ALGERIE

ALI FERRAH, M’HAMED AIT OUBELLI

Septembre 2013

Algeria: Analysis of Food, Agriculture andWater research and innovation priorities,needs and capacities.

FAWIRA Project (Grant Agreement N° 295088)1

Table des matières

ACRONYMES ET SIGLES............................................................................................................ 3

INITIALS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................... 7

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 10

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 18

I. Research and innovation in the agriculture, food and water in Algeria:

The logical framework.............................................................................................................. 19

1.1 Algeria: Constraining natural conditions. ....................................................... 20

1.1.1 Geomorphology and climate. ........................................................................ 20

1.1.2 The soil resources. ............................................................................................. 21

1.1.3 Water resources ................................................................................................... 21

1.2 Renewal of Agricultural Economics: A Policy of Algerian food

security......................................................................................................................................... 25

1.3 The Rural Renewal: A policy for the preservation and consolidation

of social cohesion ................................................................................................................... 25

1.4 The new requirements for agricultural research in Algeria. ................ 26

II. Strategic Research directions to be implemented in decade 2013-

2023. ................................................................................................................................................... 27

2.1 Program related to Agriculture-Food, Forests, natural and rural

areas. ............................................................................................................................................. 27

2.1.1 Research in the field of agrifood industry .............................................. 27

2.1.2 Breeding and Selection. ................................................................................... 28

2.1.3 Agriculture and sustainable development. ............................................ 30

2.1.4 Production and Animal Health...................................................................... 30

2.1.5 Biotic agents of plant species ...................................................................... 32

2.1.6 Physical environments, climate and agriculture................................ 33

2.1.7 Agricultural and agrifood economics, rural sociology. ................... 38

2.2 Biotechnology program ............................................................................................ 42

2.2.1 Prospects for application of biotechnology in agriculture ............ 42

2.2.2 Agricultural biotechnologies orientation in agricultural

research. .................................................................................................................................. 43

2.2.3 Conclusion. ............................................................................................................. 44

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013 2

III. Innovation and technological development activities (2013-2023).......... 45

3.1 Innovations related to the mastery of physical environment, climate

and agriculture. ........................................................................................................................ 46

3.2 Knowledge and Genetic Improvement of biological resources. ............ 46

3.3 Food and food industry ................................................................................................. 47

3.4-Crop Protection................................................................................................................. 47

3.5- Animal Health and Production ................................................................................ 47

3.6- Agricultural and agrifood economics .................................................................. 47

IV- Capacities of implementation of the agricultural research programs

in Algeria.......................................................................................................................................... 48

4.1 Experimental stations and infrastructure (INRAA) ....................................... 48

4.2 Human Resources. .......................................................................................................... 49

4.3 The Scientific and Technological Cooperation ............................................... 50

4.3.1 National Cooperation. ........................................................................................... 50

4.3.2 International Cooperation................................................................................... 50

V. European Food, Agriculture and Water research priorities ...................... 51

5.1. EU 2020 Food and Agriculture research future priorities for

developing countries ............................................................................................................. 51

5.2. EU Water research future approach in developing countries ................ 52

CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 53


ACRONYMES ET SIGLES

ACIM: Agence pour la Coopération Internationale en MéditerranéeAGBH: Agence de bassins hydrographique.AIEA : Agence Internationale de l’énergie atomiqueANBT : Agence national des barrages et transferts.ANDI: Agence nationale de développement des investissements.ANDMPE: Agence nationale de développement des PME.ANDRU : Agence nationale pour le développement de la recherche universitaireANGEM: Agence nationale de gestion du microcrédit.ANPT : Agence Nationale de Promotion et de Développement des Parcs TechnologiquesANRH : Agence nationale des ressources hydriquesANSEJ: Agence nationale de soutien à l’emploi des jeunes.ANVREDET: Agence nationale pour la valorisation de la recherche et du développementtechnologique.AOC : Appellation d’origine contrôléeAOP : Appellation d’origine protégéeAPC : Assemblée populaire communale.APFA : Accession à la Propriété Foncière Agricole.APW : Assemblée Populaire de WilayaASAL : Agence spatiale AlgérienneASI : Algerian Start‐up InitiativeBADR : Banque pour l’Agriculture et le Développement RuralBNEDER : Bureau national des études pour le développement rural.CACI : Chambre nationale du commerce et de l’industrieCACQUE : Centre Algérien du contrôle de la qualitéCAN: Chambre nationale d’agricultureCAR : Cellule d’Animation Rurale CommunaleCAW: Chambre d’agriculture de wilayaCCLS: Coopérative des céréales et légumes secs.CCRAFAT : Comité de Coordination de la Recherche Agronomique, de la Formation et del’Assistance TechniqueCDARS : Commissariat au développement des régions sahariennesCDER : Centre de développement des énergies renouvelablesCEGRO : Société de Gestion des Participations de l'Etat CéréalesCENEAP : Centre national des études pour la planificationCEVITAL : Groupe industriel agroalimentaire privé (Huiles, corps gras, sucre, eauxminérales…etc.)CGEA : Confédération Générale des Entreprises Algériennes.CIM: Conseil interministériel.CIZ: Circuit des informations zootechniquesCNA : Chambre Nationale d’AgricultureCNAC: Caisse nationale du chômage.CNAM : Chambre national de l’artisanat et des métiersCNCC: Centre national de certification et de contrôle des semences.CNDRB : Centre national de développement des ressources biologiquesCNIAAG: Centre national de l’insémination artificielle et de l’amélioration génétique.CNMA : Caisse nationale de la mutualité agricole.CNPME : Conseil national de la PME.CNRC : Centre national des registres de commerceCRBT : Centre national de recherche en biotechnologieCREAD : Centre de recherche en économie appliquée pour le développementCRSTRA : Centre de recherche scientifique et technique sur les régions aridesCV : Conservation des forêts.


DAJR : Direction des affaires juridiques et de la réglementation.DFRV : Direction de la formation, de la recherche et de la vulgarisationDGF : Direction générale des forêtsDGRSDT : Direction générale de la recherche scientifique et du développementtechnologiqueDOFPP : Organisation foncière et de la protection du patrimoine.DPIEE : Direction de la Programmation, des Investissements et des Études ÉconomiquesDPVCT : Direction de la protection des végétaux et du contrôle techniqueDRDPA: Direction de la régulation et du développement de la production agricole.DSA : Direction des Services AgricolesDSASI : Direction des statistiques agricoles et des systèmes d’information.DSV: Direction des services vétérinaires.DZASA : Direction des zones arides et semi aridesEAC : Exploitation Agricole CollectiveEAGR : Entreprise Algérienne de Génie Rural.EAI : Exploitation Agricole IndividuelleENSA: Ecole nationale supérieure d’agronomieENSH : Ecole nationale supérieure d’hydrauliqueENSV : Ecole nationale supérieure vétérinaireEPA : Etablissement public à caractère administratifEPE : Entreprise publique économiqueEPIC : Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial.EPST : Etablissement public à caractère scientifique et technologiqueFCE : Forum des Chefs d’EntreprisesFDRMVTC : Fonds de développement rural pour la mise en valeur des terres par laconcessionFGCA : Fonds de garantie contre les calamités agricolesFLDDPS : Fonds de lutte contre la désertification et de développement du pastoralisme et dela steppe.FNDIA: Fonds national pour le développement des investissements agricoles.FNR: Fonds national de la recherche.FNRPA: Fonds national de régulation de la production agricole.FPZPP : Fonds de protection zoo et phytosanitaireFRIGOMedit : Entreprise publique spécialisée dans le froid.FSAEPA : Fonds spécial d’appui aux éleveurs et petits exploitants agricolesGIC: Groupement d’intérêt commun.GIPLAIT : Groupe industriel laitierGSPG : Groupe Semences, Plants et Géniteurs (SGDA).HCDS : Haut-commissariat au développement de la steppeIANOR: Institut Algérien de normalisation.IGP : Indication géographique protégéeINAPI : Institut National Algérien de la propriété Industrielle.INATAA : Institut national des technologies agroalimentairesINCT : Institut national de cartographieINMV : Institut national de la médecine vétérinaireINPV: Institut national de la protection des végétaux.INRAA: Institut national de la recherche agronomique d’Algérie.INRF : Institut national de la recherche forestièreINSID : Institut national du sol, de l’irrigation et du drainageINVA : Institut national de la vulgarisation agricoleITAFV: Institut technique de l’arboriculture fruitière et viticole.ITCMI: Institut technique des cultures maraichères et industrielles.ITDAS : Institut technique de l’agriculture saharienneITELV: Institut technique des élevages.ITGC : Institut technique des grandes cultures.


LRZA : Laboratoire de recherche sur les zones aridesMADR: Ministère de l’agriculture et du développement rural.MATE : Ministère de l’aménagement du territoire et de l’environnementMDDR : Ministre Délégué au Développement RuralMED : Moyens d’Existence DurableMESRS : Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique.MICL : Ministère de l’intérieur et des collectivités localesMICO : Ministère du commerceMIPMEPI: Ministère de l'industrie, de la petite et moyenne Entreprise et de la Promotion del'Investissement.MPRH : Ministère de la pêche et des ressources halieutiqueMRE : Ministère des ressources en eauNEPAD : Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l’AfriqueOAIC: Office Algérien Interprofessionnel des céréales.ONA : Office national de l’assainissementONAB : Office national des aliments du bétail.ONCV : Office National de Commercialisation des produits Viti–VinicolesONID : office national de l’irrigation et du drainageONIL : Offices interprofessionnel du laitONILEV : Office national interprofessionnel des fruits et légumes et viandesONML : Office national de la météorologieONS : Office National des StatistiquesONTA : Office National des Terres AgricolesPAI : Pôle Agro-alimentaire IntégréPIBA : Produit intérieur brut agricolePME: Petites et moyennes entreprises.PMH : Petite et moyenne hydraulique.PNDA : Plan National de Développement AgricolePNDAR : Plan National de Développement Agricole et RuralPNR : Programme national de recherchePPDRI : Projet de Proximité de Développement Rural IntégréPRAR : Politique de Renouveau Agricole et RuralPRCHAT : Programme de Renforcement des Capacités Humaines et d’AssistanceTechniquePREARR : Politique de renouveau de l’économie agricole et du renouveau rural.REAGE : Réseau des Algériens Diplômés des Grandes EcolesRGA : Recensement Général de l’AgricultureSAO : Société Algérienne de l’Oléiculture.SAT : Superficie Agricole TotalSAU : Superficie Agricole UtileSDRD : Stratégie de Développement Rural DurableSEVFPA : Société d’Exploitation et Valorisation des Fermes et Périmètres AgricolesSPVAT : Société de Valorisation des Produits Agricoles du TerroirSGDA : Société de Gestion des Participations « Développement Agricole ».SGP PRODA : Société de Gestion des Participations « Productions Animales ».SGP: Société de gestion des participations.SIAR : Système d’Information Agricole et RuraleSIAR : Système d’Information Agricole et RuraleSIM : Société industrielle des Minoterie (Groupe industriel privé).SNADDR : Système National d’Aide à la Décision pour le Développement RuralSNAT : Schéma National d’Aménagement du TerritoireSOFAPRO: Société des Facteurs de Production Agricole (Publique)STEP : Station de traitement et d’épuration des eauxSUDACO : Sud Dattes CompagnieSVPAT : Société de Valorisation des Produits Agricoles du Terroir.


SYRPALAC : Système de Régulation des Produits Agricoles de Large ConsommationUDES : Unité de développement de l’énergie solaire.UE : Union Européenne.UMA : Union du Maghreb ArabeUMMTO : Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi OuzouUSTHB : Université des sciences et des technologies Houari Boumediene.USTO: Université des sciences et technologies d’Oran.


INITIALS AND ACRONYMS

AIEA: International Atomic Energy AgencyANBT: National Agency of dams and transfers.ANDI: National Agency for Investment and Development.ANDMPE: National Agency for SME development.ANDRU: National Agency for the development of university researchANGEM: National Agency for microcredit.ANRH: National Agency of Water ResourcesANSEJ: National Agency to support youth employment.ANVREDET: National Agency of the promotion of research and technological development.AOC: Controlled Origin AppellationAOP: Protected Origin AppellationAPC: Communal People's Assembly.APFA: Home Buyers Agricultural Land.APW: People's Wilaya AssemblyASAL: Algerian Space AgencyASI: Algerian Start-up InitiativeACIM: Agency for International Cooperation in the MediterraneanBADR: Bank for Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentBNEDER: National Bureau of Studies for Rural Development.CACI: National Chamber of Commerce and IndustryCACQUE: Algerian Centre of Quality ControlCNN: National Chamber of AgricultureCAR: Cell Animation Municipal RuralCAW: Chamber of Agriculture of wilayaCCLS: dry legumes and cereals cooperative cereals and pulses.CCRAFAT: Coordinating Committee for Agricultural Research, Training and TechnicalAssistanceCDARS: Agricultural Development commissionership of Sahara Region.CDER: Center for Renewable Energy DevelopmentCENEAP: National Center for the Study and planificationCEVITAL: industrial private Group food (oils, fats, sugar, mineral water etc. ...)CGEA: General Confederation of Algerian Companies.CIM: Interministerial Council.CIZ: Zootechnical information systemCNA: National Chamber of AgricultureCNAC: National Fund of unemployment.CNAM: National Chamber of Crafts and TradesCNCC: National Center of certification and control (Seeds and plants).CNDRB: National Center for development of biological resourcesCNIAAG: National Center for artificial insemination and genetic improvement.CNMA: National Fund of Agricultural Mutual.CNPME: National Council of SMEs.CNRC: National center of enterprises registrationCRBT: National Center for Biotechnology ResearchCREAD: Research Center of Applied Economic for DevelopmentCRSTRA: Scientific and Research Center of Dry AreasCV: Forest Conservation (DGF).DAJR: Directorate of Legal Affairs and regulations (MADR).DFRV: Directorate of Training, Research and Extension (MADR)DGF: General Directorate of Forest (MADR)DGRSDT: General Directorate of scientific research and technological developmentDOFPP: Directorate of Organization of land and patrimony protection (MADR).


DPIEE: Directorate of Planning, Investment and Economic Studies (MADR)DPVCT: Directorate of Plant Protection and Technical Control (MADR)DRDPA: Direction of regulation and development of agricultural production (MADR).DSA: Directorate of Agricultural ServicesDSASI: Directorate of Agricultural Statistics and Information Systems (MADR).DSV: Directorate of Veterinary Services (MADR).DZASA: Directorate of arid and semi-arid regions (MADR)EAC: Collective-FarmEAGR: Algerian Company of Rural Engineering.EAI: Individual FarmENSA: High National School of Agronomy.ENSH: National School of HydraulicENSV: Veterinary High National School.EPA: Administrative public institutionEPE: Economic Public EnterpriseEPIC: Industrial and commercial public company.EPST: Public company specialized in science and technologyFCE: Business Leaders ForumFDRMVTC: Rural Development Fund for the development of the land concessionFGCA: Guarantee Fund against agricultural disastersFLDDPS: Fund dedicated to fight against desertification and development of pastoralism andsteppe.FNDIA: National Fund for the development of agricultural investment.FNR: National Research Fund.FNRPA: National Fund for regulating of agricultural production.FPZPP: Funds of phytosanitary ProtectionFRIGOMedit: Public Company specialized in the cold.FSAEPA: Special Fund to support farmers and smallholdersGIC: Grouping of common interest.GIPLAIT: Dairy Industry Group (Public)GSPG: Group dedicated to Seeds and PlantsHCDS: High Commission for the development of steppeIANOR: Algerian Institute of Standardization.IGP: Protected Geographical IndicationINATAA: National Institute of food technologyINCT: National Institute of CartographyINMV: National Institute of Veterinary MedicineINPV: National Institute of Plant Protection.INRAA: National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria.INRF: National Institute of Forestry ResearchINSID: National Institute of soil, irrigation and drainageINVA: National Institute of Agricultural ExtensionITAFV: Technical Institute of fruit and viticulture.ITCMI: Technical Institute of vegetable and industrial crops.ITDAS: Technical Institute of Saharan agricultureITELV: Livestock Technical Institute.ITGC: Technical Institute of crops (Cereals).LRZA: Research Laboratory of Arid areasMADR: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.MATE: Ministry of Territory Planning and environmentMDDR: Deputy Minister for Rural DevelopmentMED: Sustainable LivelihoodsMESRS: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.MICL: Ministry of Interior and Local collectivityMICO: Ministry of Commerce


MIPMEPI: Ministry of Industry, SMEs and Investment Promotion.MPRH: Ministry of Fisheries and halieutic resourcesMRE: Ministry of Water ResourcesNATP: National Agency for the Promotion and Development of Technology ParksNEPAD: New Partnership for Africa's DevelopmentOAIC: Algerian Inter professional Office of cereals.ONA: National office of SanitationONAB: National office for feeding livestock.ONCV: National Office of Products Marketing in ViticultureONID: National Office of Irrigation and DrainageONIL: National Inter professional office of milkONILEV: National Inter professional office of fruits, vegetables and meatONM: National Office of MeteorologyONS: National Office of StatisticsONTA: National Office of Agricultural LandsPAI: Agricultural ClusterPIBA: agricultural gross domestic productSME: Small and medium-sized enterprises.PMH: Small and medium hydraulic.PNDA: National Plan for Agricultural DevelopmentPNDAR: National Plan for Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentNARP: National Research ProgramPPDRI: Projects of proximity of integrated rural developmentPRCHAT: Program Human Capacity Building and Technical AssistanceREAGE: Network Algerians Great School GraduatesRGA: General Census of AgricultureSAT: Total Agricultural AreaSAU: Useful Agricultural AreaSDRD: Sustainable Rural Development StrategySEVFPA: Society of Exploitation and Valuation of Farms and Agricultural PerimetersSPVAT: Company Valuation of Agricultural Products of the SoilSGDA: Management Company Holdings "Agricultural Development".SGP PRODA: Management Company Holdings "Animal Production".SGP: Management Company Holdings.SIAR: Agricultural and rural Information systemSIM: Industrial Milling Company (private industrial group).SNADDR: National System of Decision Support for Rural DevelopmentSNAT: National Scheme of territory Planning.SOFAPRO: Society of Agricultural Production Factors (Public)STEP: Treatment plant and sewageSUDACO: Southeast Dates CompanySYRPALAC: Regulation System of Large Agricultural Products ConsumptionEU: European Union.UDES: Unity development of solar energy.AMU: Arab Maghreb UnionUMMTO: University “Mouloud Maammeri” Tizi-OuzouUSTHB: University of Science and Technology “Houari Boumediene”.USTO: University of Science and Technology of Oran.WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization


Executive Summary

Introduction

This report dedicated to “ Analysis of Algerian’s food, agriculture and water research andinnovation priorities, needs and capacities” (Deliverable 2.1) intends to bring answers to thequestions related to the analysis of research needs and opportunities in the fields of agriculture,food and water in Algeria. The answers will cover the following items:

- Analysis of Algerian territories and their related economic needs particularly in the fieldsof agriculture, food and water for agriculture;

- Analysis of agriculture, water and food research and innovation needs priorities in onehand and the existing implementing capacities in the other hand which are a prerequisite forthe implementation of FAWIRA project.

The expected output would be the state of art in research and treatment technologies inagriculture, water and food (Deliverable 2.1), from where, would be possible the identificationof sectors and technologies that requires improvement to match socio-economic needs ofAlgeria. Moreover, through this work, it is expected the establishment of a database (D 2.2)that would provide knowledge to be share among project partners within FAWIRA workinggroups. The objective is interpolation of produced data with European Union databasesdedicated to research opportunities in agriculture, water and food. By using this mean, it wouldbe possible to intensify the international contacts and develop networking activities betweenINRAA, and European networks.

The use of this database will moreover, constitute, an opportunity for the partners ofFAWIRA project to carry out the validation and the identification of research relevancy inAlgeria as well as the competent organization (Including SMEs.) in the fields of agriculture,water and alimentation, as would be important to characterize the competitiveness in this fieldand involved actors.

I. Methodology applied

This work is the result of collaborative work with INRAA’s scientists and officials involvedin the ”Department of Planning Programs and International Cooperation” of INRAA(DSPPRE).This analysis is dedicated to the analysis of needs and priorities for research andinnovation capacities in the field of Agriculture, Water and alimentation in Algeria.

The framework defined by national agricultural and rural policies and research activitiesundertook by INRAA research divisions will act as the first inspiration in the identification ofpriorities in term of research themes and innovations needs for the next decade (2013-2023).

The preparation of this report has gone through several stages involving analysis of:- Research programs and activity reports related to INRAA and Algerian institutions

involved in research-development and innovation.- Policies and strategies implemented by the Government in the areas of agriculture and

rural development, water resources, environment and territory management, agrifood industry,scientific research and technological development.

- Institutional framework within which agricultural research and innovation activities areimplemented.

Besides, human resources and other Implementing capacities dedicated to research andinnovation in Algeria have been reviewed as well as national and international cooperationactivities.


Finally, these results were crossed with priorities and framework developed by thecountries of the European Research Area and in accordance with strategic guidance toHorizon 2020.

II. Main outcomes

2.1 Logical framework.

Algerian agriculture operates in unfavorable natural context to the intensification ofagricultural production. Agricultural and rural policies implemented since the beginning of 2000try to provide answers to the challenges of securing the food supply of the population in thiscontext. For its part the scientific research should provide adequate responses to eliminate orcircumvent these natural constraints to generate a sufficiently strong growth in production tomeet the increased demand due to population growth.

“Renewal of Agricultural Economics”: A Policy to ensure food security in

Algeria.

In order to improve food security, the policy known as the "Renewal of AgriculturalEconomics", launched in 2008, assigns to agriculture mission to feed the population throughincreased production, lower food prices while reducing the country's vulnerability againstforeign markets instability. This new perspective implies the implementation of a newgovernance of agriculture and rural areas.

This new agricultural policy focuses on the intensification and modernization of strategicsectors such as cereals, forages and legumes, potato and tomato, olives, date palm, milk, redmeat and poultry. Three other major programs are implemented by this politic such as "Waterconservation program», «Seeds and plants program" and «Integrated Agricultural PolesProgram" (Clusters).

The establishment of food stockpiles and promotion of regulatory mechanisms are,moreover, the instruments for promoting sustainable agriculture and development of ruralareas.

The Rural Renewal: A policy for the preservation and consolidation of social

cohesion.

The rural world is also the subject of government permanent attention, particularly whenit is question to address disparities between regions and rural areas and meet the expectationsof rural populations. Rural Renewal policy is resulting in a novel down-to- up approach to ruraldevelopment involving local people through local projects. The priority is going to areas whereproduction conditions are the most difficult for farmers (Mountains, steppes, Sahara).

Rural renewal policy takes into account the socio-economic needs in terms ofemployment, income and population stabilization while integrating the guidelines of NationalScheme of Territory Planning (SNAT 2025). Furthermore, this policy is aiming to therehabilitation and development of natural resources (management of bio-resources,watersheds, fight against desertification, land development, protection of natural areas), thediversification of economic activities in rural areas, rehabilitation and modernization of villagesand finally the protection and enhancement of the rural patrimony.


2.2 New Challenges for agricultural research in Algeria.

According to above-mentioned framework, Agricultural Research and Innovation arechallenged to provide reliable and durable answers to the current and future operators’ needsof agriculture sector. Concerns of the agricultural research must, more than ever, be focusedon farmers-producers problems.

The nature of the solutions to be identified is simple. In favorable agro-climatic areas,simply they entail increases yields. To do this, in terms of production process, it will eliminatethe limiting factors by taking as a starting point the hierarchy dictated by economic analysis. Itwill, in short, creation and experimentation / adaptation of varieties to spread with their"technological packages" support (irrigation, fertilization, pest control, tillage), improvedfarming practices (feeding, breeding, animal health).

In areas where agro-climatic conditions are more constraining (mountains areas, steppe, Sahara), it will identify technological and organizational innovations likely to launch thedevelopment of territorialized chains, to ensure rational exploitation and sustainable use of allnatural resources, to diversify the local economies, to support the integration of ruralpopulations in the dynamics of global agricultural development.

These requirements lead to seek development and implementation of new productionsystems and processing resources to meet the expressed needs while contributing to thesustainable development of agriculture.

In other words, the research to be developed in Algeria, especially at INRAA, is researchthat delivers finalized outputs. This requirement has led INRAA to revise its research prioritiesin such direction they meet the requirements of the new strategic framework. This direction-validated by the MESRS- take into account the results of the conference on AgriculturalResearch, held in February 2008, which formed the basis for the medium and long termresearch programs in Algeria.

2.3 The strategic research directions to be implemented in decade 2013-2023.

2.3.1 Research in the field of agrifood industryResearch activities and innovation are now the determinant of the competitiveness of

food and agricultural industries. Research should, on the one hand, support the requirementsof development and diversification of agricultural production and, on the other hand, ensuretheir effective integration in the food industry.

The research effort will focus on priority products like cereals, legumes, Solanaceae(tomatoes, potatoes), milk and its derivatives, as well as white and red meats. Research in thefield of food industries should, furthermore, promote agricultural chains generating high addedvalue (date palm, olive oil and other local products) and support the process of valorization ofagricultural and agrifood by-products.

2.3.2 Breeding and Selection. Evaluation and knowledge of genetic diversity.

Regarding the potential genetic diversity in Algeria and anthropogenic multifacetedpressures that are threatening biodiversity, research efforts should focus on the conservation,characterization and management of plant genetic resources in a context of sustainableconservation and genetic improvement of resources in relation to users’ local knowledge.


Creation and / or expansion of the genetic variability for cropimprovement.

Research whose development is planned for the next decade are directed towards theapplication of intra-and inter-specific crosses, the use of mutagenesis and protoplast fusion forthe creation of new genotypes adapted to different agro-ecological contexts of Algeria. Thetarget species are the date palm, wheat, barley, legumes, olives, potatoes and vegetables(mainly tomatoes).

Strategy of adaptation of plants to various stresses.Research implemented are designed to provide scientific data for the understanding of

the physiological, biochemical, morphological and phenological adaptation to biotic and abioticstresses including species of date palm, wheat, barley, legumes, olive, potato and vegetables(mainly tomatoes).

Research and mastery of effective selection methods.Research implemented in this area aims to provide the determination and use of

selection and "screening" techniques (Selection methods assisted by SAM makers,“haplodiploïdisation”, in vitro selection... etc.) for tolerance to various stresses. The targetspecies are, in first priority, date palm, wheat, barley, legumes, and, in second priority, olives,potato and vegetable crops (mainly tomato).

Selection of new varieties of plants by the participatory approachApplication of a participatory method of selection (participatory approach in genetic

improvement of wheat, barley, legumes and date palm).

Improved animal genetics and animal breeding.Regarding the significant delays accumulated in this area and threats to the existence

of certain animal populations, in particular those referred to as "flocks with small population",an effort should be made in this regard over the coming decade. The prospect of breedinganimals should be placed in the context of management practices in relation to the othercomponents of the production system and the products that result.

2.3.3 Agriculture and sustainable development.Research on agriculture and sustainable development revolve around issues

associated to knowledge and improvement of production systems, the preservation of geneticresources and local Know How as well as "Agricultural techniques".

Therefore, a sustained effort should be developed to ensure adequate coverage of thisdomain of research including extensive knowledge of production systems in major agroecosystems (Mountains, steppes Saharan agriculture, arid and semi-arid areas) andstimulation of research activities related to the issues of agricultural techniques (Developmentof organic farming, and improved cropping techniques... etc.).

2.3.4 Production and Animal HealthIn the economic context of Algeria, livestock is challenged to increase productivity and

production of strategic animal products (milk, meat) to ensure coverage of nutritional needs ofthe population in animal proteins. Representing more than 50% of the PIBA, livestockproduction plays a decisive role in favorable ecological areas as well as in sensitive areas(Mountainous and arid ecosystems). In the latter case, scientific research must propose waysof valorization of local populations to accompany the strategies of economic activitiesdiversification while generating incomes and preserving natural resources


Therefore, research challenges in animal production are in meeting current and futureneeds by:

- The production of technical and organizational solutions to improve production levelsand quality of animal products while ensuring the preservation of animal resources. Animalfeed and fodder resource development are, for this purpose, the first priority for thedevelopment of animal production in Algeria.

- The development of sustainable alternatives for the promotion of animal husbandrysystems adapted to fragile ecosystems (Mountains, steppiques and Saharan areas).

- Anticipation, in the context of major economic and global climate uncertainties, of themajor issues that would arise in the coming years pertaining with livestock production.

2.3.5 Biotic agents of plant speciesThis research field is important given the importance of economic losses caused by

different types of bio-aggressors, estimated at 35% of the volume of production. Thedevelopment of research in the field of crop protection appears to be crucial when it tries torespond to radical changes in bio-aggressions that emanate from mutations caused by climatewarming and the modifications in production systems due to intensification and the opening toforeign markets.

Agricultural research is challenged to provide effective solutions to contribute in thereduction of agricultural production losses and promote agriculture less dependent on chemical“phytoprotection” and respectful of environment and biodiversity.

Research themes centered on the issue of biotic agents of plant species are organizedin three axes that will be consolidated over the next decade. These are related to knowledgeof biotic agents and their development factors, methods of struggle against the bio-aggressorsand knowledge of plant-microbe co-evolution.

2.3.6 Physical environments, climate and agriculture.Components of the physical environment play a fundamental role in the functioning of

ecosystems and the preservation of their ecological functions which, it must be remembered,are the basis for meeting the socio-economic needs of population.

The study and mastery of these components is crucial in that they determine theresilience, sustainability and productivity of agro ecosystems particularly ecosystems oftenknown for their extreme fragility like the steppe ecosystems, Saharan and mountain areas.

Three main issues polarize the interests of agricultural research in this field; the analysisof the factors and mechanisms of degradation of physical resources, the issue of waterand agriculture as well as land degradation and desertification.

Water challenge.From 2015, Algeria is going to experience a situation of water shortage that will certainly

affect all economic sectors and agriculture in the first place.The great spatiotemporal variability of precipitation represents a permanent stress for

natural ecosystems and rainfed cropping systems. Recent increases in the frequency andintensity of droughts and temperatures, attributed to climate change, lead to even greateraridity. Since the 70s, the drought is a structural feature of Algerian climate. The impact of thedrought on water resources has already resulted in the worsening of the deficit in waterresources, a low rate of filling of dams and reduced groundwater reserves.

Increasing aridity will amplify, therefore, the phenomenon of degradation of soils andecosystems, causing desertification and vulnerable areas like steppes.

In addition to inadequate water availability, Algeria is confronted to the problem of waterquality. About 600 million M3 of untreated wastewater are discharged annually, affecting soilsand water resources.


This factor is now considered as the most important challenge for water andenvironment management authorities in Algeria.

Land degradation and desertificationSoils in Algeria are subject to severe degradation due to erosion, pollution and

salinization. The area of lands that is potentially affected by water erosion is estimated at four(04) million hectares of which 53% is considered arable land. With regard to soils affected bysalinity, statistics show that more than 50% of irrigated land is affected by this phenomenon.Concerning desertification, it should be noted that this phenomenon is related to the severityof the climate which is accentuated by orographic conditions and geo-pedology as well as theeffects of anthropogenic pressure.

Therefore, the issue of physical natural resources arises now in terms of rehabilitation,rationalization, conservation and sustainable management. Agricultural research shouldprovide suitable answers to these questions.

2.3.7 Biotechnology applied to agricultureThe research dedicated to agricultural biotechnology are currently limited in Algeria,

and especially in INRAA, to few and partially covered research axis pertaining with thecharacterization of genetic resources and genomics of organisms as well as of the creation ofnew varieties.

Such research orientation should be strengthened for the coming decade and extendedto domains like animal production, food processing, by-products utilization, additivesproduction, plant protection and for other species than cereals and legumes (tree culture,vegetable crops, potatoes, and livestock feed).

There is a need to consolidate the existing human and materiel bases of INRAA’sbiotechnology research station in terms of equipment as well as adequate human resourceand their capacity building.

Furthermore, it is important to coordinate the research activities carried out and optimizethe allocation of financial resources in this area. This is even truer that we are witnessing theemergence of several specialized research centers in Algeria (BRC of Constantine, INRAA'sBiotechnology lab, USTO... etc.).

2.4 Innovation and technological development activities (2013-2023).Innovation activities, whether technological, organizational, institutional or

entrepreneurial have not experienced a significant development in Algeria. We can affirm thatsuch activities are marginal or even non-existent in the agrifood and agriculture fields.

Research activities developed during the last two decades have indeed yielded"valuable" results in diverse areas. These results more or less finalized, often with undeniablemarket potential but not precisely estimated, have not been converted into innovation throughproductive processes and markets.

The weak development of innovation refers to that the research and developmentinstitutions operate in a context marked by institutional bulkheading between universityresearch laboratories and other specialized research centers on one hand, and to the very lowconnectivity between the world of research and business on the other hand.

Finally, the weakness in interfaces devoted to exploitation of research results isexplanatory of the low innovation capacity in the field of agricultural research.

Implementation of a favorable policy to development of innovation, particularly in theareas of agriculture and rural development is imperative in view of the identified needs. Ananalysis, far from being exhaustive, of the needs of Algeria in innovation has allowedestablishing seven areas on which potential claims have been identified: Innovations related to the mastery of physical environment, climate and agriculture. Genetic Improvement of bio-resources. Agrifood industry Crop Protection


Animal Health and Production Agricultural and agrifood economics

2.5 Capacities of implementation of the agricultural research programs in Algeria.The capacities of implementation of the agronomic research in Algeria distribute

themselves between institutions supervised by four departments of (Agriculture and ruraldevelopment, water resources, environment, higher education and the scientific research,industry) that have centers and institutes of research with which INRAA develops relations ofcollaboration. The comments that we can do on this point relate to the lack of coordinationbetween these institutions and very low involvement of private actors in research

INRAA is the most important research institution dedicated to agriculture research inAlgeria. NRAA currently mobilizing a population of scientists who rises to 207 researchersspread across stations and research divisions, nearly 60% majority is composed of youngresearchers.

To ensure adequate coverage of research areas INRAA deploys an intensivecooperation both nationally and internationally. The international project portfolio consists of22 projects dedicated to the improvement of wheat, building research capacity, renewableenergy, the fight against desertification and rural development in fragile ecosystems(mountains, plains and areas Sahara), food security, the application of nuclear techniques toagricultural areas (Pathology and Animal Health, irrigation, crop breeding, bioclimatology),mobilization of water resources and soil conservation.

International cooperation projects are implemented both in bilateral and multilateralrelations (EU, NEPAD, UMA, World Bank, FAO, IAEA). Moreover, INRAA maintaining closerelationships with international research centers: CGIAAR (ICARDA, IWMI, CIMMYT and CIP).

ConclusionAgricultural Research in Algeria will meet many challenges largely determined by the

momentum generated by the implementation of economic reforms, themselves conditioned bytwo major constraints:- Climatic change and its consequences such as increasing drought and flood occurrencesand more water scarcity. The last will constitute from now a major determinant in the definitionof all the components of the food security policy of Algeria.- Globalization of the economy which will induce strong entropy on the markets and a greatinstability of the agricultural products prices because of the risks as well political as climaticbut also because of the substitutability of the products.

Among the biggest challenges that will face Algeria to the Horizon 2023, we can mention:- The necessity to ensure a sustainable management of natural resources and

ecosystems.- The necessity to ensure food security of the nation and citizens.- The resolution of the throbbing question of employment through the development of a

productive and competitive economy.- The establishment of the foundations of an effective governance of both the economy

and society.

Implementation of a favorable policy to development of innovation, particularly in theareas of agriculture and rural development is imperative in view of the identified needs but alsoto enhance SMEs and industry competitiveness. An analysis, far from being exhaustive, of theneeds of Algeria in innovation has allowed establishing seven areas on which potential claimshave been identified (Physical environment mastery, genetic improvement, agrifood industry,crop protection, animal production, Agricultural and agrifood economics).


But innovation activities, both technological, institutional and organizational, as have notexperienced a significant development in Algeria because of institutional cloisenementsbetween industry and the research community. Thus, the most important challenge for the nextten years is to build bridges between these two worlds in the triple helix model framework.

The analysis of the strategic directions of research in Algeria and their comparison withthose of European Union, according to the major challenges for the Horizon 20201, hasidentified a number of points of convergence. These relate to:

- The research planification based on major challenges (food security, climate changeand water economy).

- Priority research themes (food security, sustainable agriculture, fight against climatechange, efficient use of natural resources; inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

- Integrating SMEs in the process of research and innovation (industrial primacy pillar).- Willingness to mobilize industry stakeholders and engineering sciences, most directly

concerned and most likely to integrate scientific knowledge in an innovationperspective.

- Necessity to develop innovation in a direction favorable to smart, sustainable andinclusive growth

- A greater role for social sciences in the development of research to address all societalchallenges.


INTRODUCTIONThe present report intends to bring answers to the questions related to the analysis of

research needs and opportunities in the fields of agriculture, alimentation and water inDemocratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (Work Package 2) within the framework of theimplementation of FAWIRA project. The answers will cover the following items:

-Analysis of Algerian territories and their related economic needs particularly in the fieldsof agriculture, food and water for agriculture;

-Inventory of capacities and identification of priorities for research and innovation;-Establishment of a database with regard to needs and priorities at the local and national

level in the fields of the food and water, technologies of water re-use for agriculture and industryas well as agro-food technologies.

-Provide assistance needed to economic activities in place particularly with regard toyoung innovative entrepreneurs who wish to invest in the fields of the water use and low-qualitywater re-use in the sectors of agriculture and industry.

The analysis, of agriculture, water and food research and innovation needs priorities inone hand and the existing implementing capacities in the other hand, is a prerequisite for theimplementation of FAWIRA project (T2.1). Moreover, the identification of more relevantresearch and innovation priority will be certainly beneficial for the socio-economic developmentof the Algerian territories.

The expected output would be the state of art in research and treatmentTechnologies in agriculture, water and food (D2.1), from where, would be possible theidentification of sectors and technologies that requires improvement to match socio-economicneeds of Algeria. Moreover, it is expected the establishment of a database (D 2.2) that wouldprovide knowledge to be share among project partners within FAWIRA working groups. Theobjective is interpolation of produced data with European Union databases dedicated toresearch opportunities in agriculture, water and food. By using this mean, it would be possibleto intensify the international contacts and develop networking activities between INRAA, theEuropeans researchers of UNIPI and CENTA and their networks.

The use of this database will moreover, constitute, an opportunity for the partners ofFAWIRA project to carry out the validation and the identification of research relevancy inAlgeria as well as the competent organization (Including SMEs.) in the fields of agriculture,water and alimentation, as would be important to characterize the competitiveness in this fieldand involved actors.

This first version of the document is the result of collaborative work with scientists andofficials involved in the «Department of Planning Programs and International Cooperation ofINRAA" (DPPRE).This analysis is dedicated to the analysis of needs and priorities for researchand innovation capacities in the field of Agriculture, Water and alimentation in Algeria.

The framework defined by national agricultural and rural policies and research activitiesundertook by INRAA’ research divisions will act as the first inspiration in the identification ofpriorities in term of research themes and innovations needs for the next decade (2013-2023).

Besides, human resources and other implementing capacities dedicated to agricultural,food-processing and climate change research in Algeria will be reviewed as well as nationaland international research cooperation.


I. Research and innovation in the agriculture, food

and water in Algeria: The logical framework.Research activities and innovation for the decade 2013-2023, will necessarily be

affected by the socio-economic and political context in which they are anchored. The nationalresearch program dedicated to agriculture, water and alimentation is call to subscribe to thescope of the Policy of the Agricultural Economics and Rural Renewal implemented since2008 and presented as the instrument of concretization of the nation’s food security policy2.

PREARR policy is itself impacted by a dynamic and complex international environmentdetermined by two major constraints:

- Climatic change and its consequences such as increasing drought and flood occurrencesand more water scarcity. The last will constitute from now a major determinant in the definitionof all the components of the food security policy of Algeria.

- Globalization of the economy which will induce strong entropy on the markets and a greatinstability of the agricultural products prices because of the risks as well political as climaticbut also because of the substitutability of the products.

Box 1 - Global warming: A real threat on water resources.

Warming is estimated at 1 ° C in the region during the lastcentury with a tendency accentuated the past 40 years.

A warming of 1.4 ° to 5.8 ° C is expected by the end of thiscentury, the greatest increase recorded since 10,000 years.

Simulation models provide climate change in theMediterranean region:- Disruption of rainfall patterns.- A downward trend in rainfall.- An increase in evapotranspiration.- A net increase in the frequency of droughts and floods.

Source: Rachid TAIBI - Summary of general studies on waterresources in Algeria. ANRH, January 2010.

The food crisis which reached its paroxysm in 2007 as well as the global financial crisiswhich has occurred in 2008 tends to affect the whole economies on a worldwide scale, if it hasput forward the extent of the vulnerability of Algeria as regards the satisfaction of alimentaryrequirements it has explained the political willing displayed by policy makers to secure thecountry against new shocks and to ensure provisioning of its domestic markets of foodproducts3.

This willing to fight against food insecurity is translated in PREAR that aims also tocontributing significantly to revitalization and the integrated and durable development of therural territories. Because of the close link which exists between the agricultural and the rural,this policy finally deploys an overall architecture which integrates its two dimensions andproceeds to a vast centering of the former policies in terms of vision, objectives, institutionaland organizational framework and economic instrumentation.


The specific goals of this policy are articulated around 3 axes: The promotion of a news governance of the agricultural and rural world.This one implies, in particular, the participation, the leveling of the agricultural

administration, the development of the partnerships and the pooling of resources as well asthe reinforcement of the human capacities.

The support for an internalized and durable economic growth.through the rehabilitation of the farms as creative companies of richnesses and

managers of the natural resources (Water, biological capital), the improvement of theproduction, the productivity and the quality of the agricultural products, the consolidation of theagrarian structures, the conservation and the valorization of the natural resources, themodernization and the integration of the agrifood channels as well as the valorization and therevitalization of the rural territories.

Renewal of the public management toolsThis occurs through the adaptation of the legal framework in relation to the economic

changes, the development of financial tools and procedures to support effective agriculturalenterprises, the development of mechanisms of regulation of markets and economicagricultural production.

The agricultural and rural policies are integrated in a difficult climate and agro-ecologicalcontext marked by fragile ecosystems, fragmentation and scarcity of land and chronic watershortages. These are expected to be exacerbated in the coming years in relation to climatechange.

1.1 Algeria: Constraining natural conditions.The Algerian agriculture is subject to natural constraints that thwart its development and

limit its productivity. Algeria is characterized by weakness and fragility of its natural resources(water, soil and biological resources) because of the conditions harsh weather and of theiruneven distribution across the territory. These constraints limit severely the prospects ofintensification of agriculture and strongly differentiate agricultural space (See Figure 1).

1.1.1 Geomorphology and climate.In terms of geomorphology, Algeria is characterized by three contrasting zones:- The Northern “Tell” region (4% of the territory), which represents the most favored by

the climate and natural resources but remains the most faced to multiple anthropogenicpressures (population growth, urban and industrial development, overgrazing ... etc. ).

- The Highlands (9% of the territory) represent an enclosed space between the Saharadesert and Tell Atlas and formed of high plains under semi-arid climate.

- The Sahara, which represent 87% of the total area of the territory is an area outsidemarked by extreme aridity due to the scarcity of rainfall (Less than 100 mm).

The geomorphologic structures determine basins slopes made up of marly geologicalformations characterized by impermeable grounds, accentuated reliefs and an absence ofvegetable cover. This explains the importance of the processes of erosion of the grounds,(Silting of the dams).

Algeria is characterized by a semi-arid to arid climate (Figure 2) where drought andaridity are constant threat "even in humid regions where the average annual rainfall seemshigh"4. The portion of land that receives more than 400 mm of rain is confined to a 150 kmwide strip land in the coastal area5.


Beyond the “Tellian” Atlas dominates, across 300 to 350 km wide, an arid bio climate(rainfall between 100 and 400 mm). Finally, over 1000 km to the south, there is Saharadesert where rainfall drops below 100 mm annually6.

1.1.2 The soil resources.Algeria is a vast area of 2.381.000 km2, but the agricultural area (UAA) is very limited:

nearly 8 million hectares (3.3% of the country area) for 40 million hectares used for agriculture.Fertile land suitable for farming is limited and decreasing. Indeed, the UAA represented 0.82ha per capita at the time of independence (1962), it was only 0.26 ha in 2004 and could declineto 0.18 ha in 20107. Nearly 6% of UAA (450,000 hectares) is irrigated of which more than three-quarters of irrigation water are allocated to fruit and vegetable crops.

These indicators show that the potential of agricultural land in Algeria is relatively modestin term of quantity and quality. The soils are shallow and poorly irrigated, worn bygeomorphological steep structures and suffered over the centuries from degradation processdriven by the combined effect of natural and anthropogenic mechanisms resulting in asubstantial loss of their natural fertility limit that affect agricultural production.

Water erosion (rainfall greater than 400 mm) mainly affects the soils of northern Algeriaand threatens nearly 12 million hectares in the mountain areas. Land degradation causes asignificant loss of fertility and affects negatively the agricultural productivity. The human actionis taking more alarming proportions since the early 70's including the coastal parts of thecountry which contain the most fertile land in Algeria. Rapid urbanization as anarchic,extension of the industrial structure and progression of desertification are all factors ofdegradation of Algerian Land.

1.1.3 Water resourcesWater is in Algeria an increasingly limited, fragile and vulnerable resource. The

availability of natural water resources is currently estimated at around 600 M3/capita/year andwill be around 500 M3/capita/year in 20258. Algeria is, in this sense, below the "povertythreshold" estimated at 1000 m3/capita /year and slightly above the "threshold shortage" of500 M3/capita/year9.

In this context, and given the arid climate and recurring droughts, securing agriculturalproduction involves the development of irrigation, which inevitably involves the implementationof policies focused on the economy of the water. The elements of such a policy are insertedinto the PREAR.

The program of economy of water is implemented to secure 70% of the food needs ofAlgeria, by the passage of 900 000 Ha in 2008 to 1.6 million Ha at horizon 2014, with anincompressible water requirement of the order of 12 billion M3. Covering these needs supposethe improving of the productivity of existing water resources, the mobilization of newconventional and unconventional resources and development/dissemination of water savingirrigation techniques as a factor of agricultural modernization and improvement of efficiencyagricultural water10.

As regard to water mobilization and supply in Algeria we can rise the following points:

Concerning Dams11: Algeria has 65 dams in exploitation with mobilized surface waterresources estimated to3, 6 billion M3/year approximately, on a storage capacity of about 5, 8billion M3.

Dams under construction (14) will enhance the mobilization of water in 2013 to a storagecapacity of 8.8 billion M3 and a total volume of 5, 1 billion M3 regularized per year12.

Theoretical irrigation allocation for 2012 season is amounted to 500 million M3 for theirrigation of 62 500 Ha13.


Small-capacity dams represents a storage capacity of 50 million M3 and an irrigatedsurface equivalent to 8 300 hectares14.

Groundwater exploitationAvailable data for 2011 shows that the extraction of groundwater from small works

(boreholes, wells, sources) is estimated at 07 billion M3 intended to irrigate an area of about950,000 ha15.

Desalination of seawaterIn this area, the strategy of Algeria consists of an ambitious program to install small and

large desalination schemes; overall nominal capacity is increased to 2.3 million M3 per day (0,8 billion M3 per year).

The purpose of desalination is to identify appropriate measures that could complementconventional water chronic deficits and allow the development of transfer options andreallocation of volumes of water released to the agricultural sector.

Currently, the option of desalination of sea water for irrigation is not yet considered as asupplement for compensating agricultural water demand.

Use of treated wastewaterClimatic conditions observed during recent decades have highlighted the very

randomness of water intake from dams and groundwater. This sensitized the governmentabout the need to resort to unconventional resources, the treated wastewater in particular forirrigation. This option covers strategic interest because of its implications on the level ofpollution of inland and marine waters.

In terms of potential, according to the Ministry of Water Resources, the volume ofwastewater discharged in Algeria is currently estimated at around 750 million M3 and willexceed 1.5 billion M3 in 202016. To take in charge this potential of treated wastewater, anambitious program for achieving treatment facilities is planned17.

The “reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation “ is being given a considerable attentionin the consultations between the Ministries of Agriculture and Water Resources which yieldedon and by the identification of sewage, perimeters to irrigation and the implementation ofregulations and supervision (Box2).

An ambitious pilot program for the use of treated wastewater for irrigation was started atseven sites for a total area of 12,150 hectares.

Conclusion

This brief review of the natural environment allowed to note that the Algerian agricultureoperates in a restrictive context unfavorable to the intensification of agricultural production.Agricultural and rural policies implemented since the beginning of 2000 trying to provideanswers to the challenges of securing the food supply of the population. For its part thescientific research should provide adequate responses to eliminate or circumvent theseconstraints to generate a sufficiently strong growth in production to meet the increased demanddue to population growth.


Figure 1 - Agricultural Geography of Algeria


Figure 2 – Algeria: An Arid and semi-arid country

Box 2- Legislative Framework for the processing and use of wastewater in Algeria

Water Law N° 05-12 of 04 August 2005Institution of the concession of use of treated wastewater for agriculture.

Executive Decree No. 07-149 of 20 May 2007.Regulates the use of treated wastewater forirrigation by imposing the right of concession basedon a specification that takes into account a set oftechnical parameters.

Executive Decree No. 10-23 of 12 January2010 laying down the technical systemswastewater.

3 projects of ministerial orders engagingMinistries of water resources, agriculture andpublic health, on the re-use of treated wastewaterfor irrigation and setting standards and precautions necessary use have been proposed forratification in March 2011 (final version) and came clarify some sections of Executive DecreeNo. 07-149 of 20 May 2007 and complete the regulatory framework:- Project fixing the specifications of treated wastewater used for irrigation- Project listing the crops that can be irrigated with treated wastewater- Project listing the laboratories carrying out analyzes of the quality of treated wastewaterused for irrigation.


1.2 Renewal of Agricultural Economics: A Policy of

Algerian food security.

In order to improve food security, the policy known as the "Renewal of AgriculturalEconomics", launched in 2008, assigns to agriculture mission to feed the population throughincreased production, lower food prices while reducing the country's vulnerability againstforeign markets instability. This new perspective implies the implementation of a newgovernance of agriculture and rural areas18.

The new agricultural policy fall in the context of the intensification and modernization ofproduction on farms and integrating them into an approach that aims to refocus investmentsupport in the productive sphere around the introduction of value added along the agrifoodchain.

This component of the PREAR focuses on the intensification and modernization ofstrategic sectors such as cereals, forages and legumes, potato and tomato industry, the olive,date palm, milk, red meat and poultry. Three other major programs are implemented by thePREAR such as "Water conservation program"," Seeds19 and plants program" and " IntegratedAgricultural Poles Program" (Clusters).

The establishment of food stockpiles and promotion of regulatory mechanisms are,moreover, the instruments for promoting sustainable agriculture and development of ruralareas.

The requirement of an incentive and safe environment is also supported by the policyof renewal of the agricultural economy through the introduction of interest-free credit (RFIG),the credit enhancement for leasing agricultural mechanization, the VAT exemption for inputs,management of risks associated with lower yields and agricultural disasters, the modernizationof agricultural insurance as well as the strengthening professional and interprofessionalorganizations. Furthermore, since 2008 a regulation system oriented towards stabilization andsecuring markets of wide consumer products (SYRPALC) and the protection of farmers'incomes, has been established.

1.3 The Rural Renewal: A policy for the preservation and

consolidation of social cohesion

The rural world is also the subject of government permanent attention, particularly whenit is question to address disparities between regions and rural areas and meet the expectationsof rural populations. Rural Renewal policy is resulting in a novel down-to- up approach to ruraldevelopment involving local people through local projects (PPDRI, PPLCD). The priority isgoing to areas where production conditions are the most difficult for farmers (Mountains,steppes, Sahara).

By integrating an approach oriented towards decentralization and empowerment ofrural actors at local level, the rural renewal policy is firmly anchored in the reform andmodernization processes of the State, democratization of society and good governance.

Rural renewal policy takes into account the socio-economic needs in terms ofemployment, income and population stabilization while integrating the guidelines of NationalScheme of Territory Planning (SNAT 2025). Furthermore, this policy is aiming to therehabilitation and development of natural resources (management of biological resources,watersheds, fight against desertification, land development, protection of natural areas), thediversification of economic activities in rural areas, rehabilitation and modernization of villagesand finally the protection and enhancement of the rural patrimony.


1.4 The new requirements for agricultural research in

Algeria.

According to above-mentioned framework, Agricultural Research and Innovation will beresponsible for helping agriculture to:

- Produce more to address the first concern of Nation’s food security through increasedavailability and stabilization or reduction if possible of agricultural goods and food prices. Thisconcern is accompanied by the specific concern which is the participation of agriculturaldevelopment in poverty reduction in rural areas;

- Produce differently , by exceeding the limits of the solutions that have helped veryslow advances in agricultural production over the last four decades and by taking intoconsideration the limitations in water and land resources;

- Produce something else that contributes to production of non-food resources, andgreater diversity in the range of crops and livestock, participating in the determination of moresustainable ways of managing territories.

To this end, objectives drawn by the agricultural and rural renewal policy areconditioned by the existence of a considerable flow of new techniques and new skills towardsfarmers and economic stakeholders.

Therefore, agricultural research in general and INRAA in particular are challenged toprovide reliable answers to the current and future operators’ needs of agriculture sector.Concerns of the agricultural research must, more than ever, be focused on farmers-producersproblems.

It will be question to develop technical and socio-economic solutions and improve thestructure of production tools and management.

The nature of the solutions to be identified is simple. In favorable agro-climatic areas,simply they entail increases yields. To do this, in terms of production process, it will eliminatethe limiting factors by taking as a starting point the hierarchy dictated by economic analysis. Itwill, in short, creation and experimentation / adaptation of varieties to spread with their"technological packages" support (irrigation, fertilization, pest control, tillage), improvedfarming practices (feeding, breeding, animal health).

In areas where agro-climatic conditions are more constraining (mountains areas,steppe , Sahara), it will identify technological and organizational innovations likely to launchthe development of territorialized chains, to ensure rational exploitation and sustainable use ofall natural resources, to diversify the local economies, to support the integration of ruralpopulations in the dynamics of global agricultural development.

These requirements lead to seek development and implementation of new productionsystems and processing resources to meet the expressed needs while contributing to thesustainable development of agriculture.

In other words, the research to be developed in Algeria, especially at INRAA, isresearch that delivers finalized outputs. This requirement has led INRAA to revise its researchpriorities in such direction they meet the requirements of the new strategic framework. Thisdirection -validated by the MESRS- take into account the results of the conference onAgricultural Research, held in February 2008, which formed the basis for the medium and longterm research programs.


II. Strategic Research directions to be implemented

in decade 2013-2023.Research activities which will be implemented in Algeria are articulated on four

programs, dedicated to: Agriculture, Alimentation, Forests, natural and rural areas. Biotechnology applied to agriculture Water resources. Agricultural and rural development in weak ecosystems (arid, semi-arid, and

mountainous areas) and fighting against desertification.

2.1 Program related to Agriculture-Food, Forests, natural

and rural areas.

2.1.1 Research in the field of agrifood industry

Research activities and innovation are now the determinant of the competitiveness offood and agricultural industries. Research should, on the one hand, support therequirements of development and diversification of agricultural production and, on the otherhand, ensure their effective integration in the food industry.

The research effort will focus on priority products like cereals, legumes, Solanaceae(tomatoes, potatoes), milk and its derivatives, as well as white and red meats. Research in thefield of food industries should, furthermore, promote agricultural chains generating high addedvalue (date palm, olive oil and other local products) and support the process of valorization ofagricultural and agrifood by-products. Consequently, the research priorities for the next 10years will focus on five areas:

Axis 1 – Processing, preservation and conservation technologies.Mastery of storage and conservation conditions of products related to priority sectors:

Solanaceae (tomato, potato) greenhouse crops, fresh fruit (apples, pears and citrus) anddates.

Axis 2 - Quality and food safety.For the control of the quality of fresh and processed products (olive oil, cereals, milk,

meat).Axis3: Valorization of agricultural by-products including the use of biotechnology.These researches are addressed to various byproducts of agriculture and generated by

agrifood industry (Dates downgraded, slaughter plants, grain industry, by-products of oilseedsindustries… etc.).

Axis 4 - Improving the quality of agricultural and agrifood products (AgriculturalBiotechnology).

On this axis, the research aims to identify and produce natural additives for the needs ofthe food industry. The exploration of natural biodiversity will characterize qualitatively andquantitatively the antioxidant potential of plant species in aromatic, culinary and medicinalpurposes.

Axis 5 - Development of knowledge and local know-how in the field of conservation andtransformation of agricultural and agrifood products.

These researches focus on the analysis, characterization and documentation oftechnological mechanisms of development of traditional products: traditional cheese("Bouhezza", "Takemmarit" ... etc.), "Couscous», table olives, figs…etc.


2.1.2 Breeding and Selection.

2.1.2.1 Plant breeding and selection.The crop improvement is a long process of research and selection. This includes several

activities that aims, from original and diverse genetic resources (Evaluation of plant geneticresources), at creating new varieties with new genetic traits for pathogen resistance,adaptation to abiotic stresses (hydric, thermal, salinity) and organoleptic quality. Geneticimprovement and selection requires, too, the development of the most efficient methods forselecting for obtaining the maximum genetic gain per unit of resource and time.

2.1.2.1.1 Evaluation and knowledge of genetic diversity.Regarding the potential genetic diversity in Algeria and anthropogenic multifaceted

pressures that are threatening biodiversity, research efforts should focus on the conservation,characterization and management of plant genetic resources in a context of sustainableconservation and genetic improvement of resources in relation to users’ local knowledge.Beyond the knowledge of the biological material, the research activities dedicated to plantgenetic resources are an opportunity to create favorable basis:

- To the valorization of fragile ecosystems like steppes, mountainous areas, arid andsemi-arid regions, and Saharan spaces.

- To the development of pastoral areas, the forage potential, including grassland andunderlying livestock activities (Sheep, goat, camel).

- To the protection, preservation and improvement of soil fertility.- To the reduction of the fallow by the introduction of resistant varieties.- To the creation of productive activities (SMEs) that generate income for rural

populations (breeding, beekeeping).

Research activities in the field of plant genetic resources are structured around thefunctional dynamic of the plant genetic resources bank directed towards:

- The exploration, collection and inventory of plant genetic resources.- The characterization and evaluation of genetic potential.- Ex-Situ Conservation.

Three categories of species are involved in this field:Category 1: Cereals (Wheat, including Saharan wheat, barley, sorghum), grain

legumes (chickpeas), forage legumes20, pasture21 species and tree species (olive, date palm,fig, citrus).

Category 2: beans and horse beans, dry peas, dry beans and lentils.Category 3-"marginal" species, culinary, aromatic and medicinal plants.2.1.2.1.2 Creation and / or expansion of the genetic variability for crop

improvement.Research whose development is planned for the next decade are directed towards the

application of intra-and interspecific crosses, the use of mutagenesis and protoplast fusion forthe creation of new genotypes adapted to different agro-ecological contexts of Algeria. Thetarget species are the date palm, wheat, barley, legumes, olives, potatoes and vegetables(mainly tomatoes).

2.1.2.1.3 Strategy of adaptation of plants to various stresses.Research implemented are designed to provide scientific data for the understanding of

the physiological, biochemical, morphological and phenological adaptation to biotic and abioticstresses including species of date palm, wheat, barley, legumes, olive, potato and vegetables(mainly tomatoes).


2.1.2.1.4 Research and mastery of effective selection methods.Research implemented in this area aims to provide the determination and use of

selection and "screening" techniques (Selection methods assisted by SAM makers,“haplodiploïdisation”, in vitro selection... etc.) for tolerance to various stresses. The targetspecies are, in first priority, date palm, wheat, barley, legumes, and, in second priority, olives,potato and vegetable crops (mainly tomato).

2.1.2.1.5 Selection of new varieties of plants by the participatory approachApplication of a participatory method of selection (participatory approach in genetic

improvement of wheat, barley, legumes and date palm).

2.1.2.2 Improved animal genetics and animal breeding.Regarding the significant delays accumulated in this area and threats to the existence

of certain animal populations, in particular those referred to as "flocks with small population",an effort should be made in this regard over the coming decade. The prospect of breedinganimals should be placed in the context of management practices in relation to the othercomponents of the production system and the products that result (See domain 5).The plannedresearch in this area are based on five major themes

Theme 1: Identification and preservation of animal genetic resources.Research needs in this field are related to the performance characterization/evaluation

of animal populations to establish standards and conservation measures for certain animalpopulations like, in order of priority, sheep ("Taadmit", "Tazegzawt" "Hamra", "D’men"), goats("Mozabite" “Naine de Kabylie”), cattle, camelids ("Tuareg", "Sahrawi","Reguibi") and, to alesser extent, small-herds (beekeeping and rabbit local species).

Theme 2: Knowledge and adaptation of genetic potential of animals in differentrearing conditions.

The research priorities concerning the performance characterization of farms. Thetarget groups are, in order of priority, dairy cattle, sheep, camels, rabbit populations and localbeekeeping.

Theme 3: Improving local animal genetic resources.This research theme is dedicated to the design of programs to improve local animal

genetic resources (Selection pure breeds, breeding testing ... etc.) especially for milk (cattle,goats and camels) and meat production (sheep and rabbit).

Theme 4: Search for characters of economic interest.This research thematic is devoted to the identification of genetic characters that have

economic interest (production, reproduction, disease resistance) in animal populations. Morespecifically, it is a question of identifying characters and study possible correlations withphenotypic visible traits. Research should focus, first and foremost, the ruminant’s livestock(cattle local, sheep, goats, camels).

Theme 5: Improving reproductive performance.Research included in this thematic aim to the identification of the limits of management

modes of reproduction and the search for ways to improve them by the conception ofappropriate management methods and application of reproductive technologies. Theseresearches target the dairy bovines and goats as well as sheep flocks under intensive or semi-intensive rearing systems.


2.1.3 Agriculture and sustainable development.

Research on agriculture and sustainable development revolve around issuesassociated to knowledge and improvement of production systems (Axis 1), the preservation ofgenetic resources and local Know How (Axis 2) as well as "Agricultural technics" (Axis 3).

But only axis 2 appears to be subject of intensive research in INRAA. Therefore, asustained effort should be developed to ensure adequate coverage of this domain of researchincluding extensive knowledge of production systems in major agro ecosystems (Mountains,steppes Saharan agriculture, arid and semi-arid areas) and stimulation of research activitiesrelated to the issues of agricultural techniques (Development of organic farming, and improvedcropping techniques... etc.).

In regard to the preservation of genetic resources and local knowledge (Axis 2), thework currently implemented deserves to be strengthened, consolidated and extended to themain agro-ecological zones:

1 - Inventory, assessment, conservation and sustainable use of animal geneticresources, plant and microorganisms local and introduced (Theme 1). Three categories ofspecies are concerned:

Category 1: Cereals (Wheat, barley, sorghum), grain legumes (chickpeas), foragelegumes, pasture and tree species (olive, date palm, fig, citrus).

Category 2: beans and horse beans, dry peas, dry beans and lentils.Category 3 - "Neglected” culinary, aromatic and medicinal species as well as other

rustic trees.2 - Evaluation of genetic erosion (Theme 2).This issue is an important interest particularly for farms that have experienced a high

rate of introduction of foreign resources (cattle, goats, and poultry).3 - Scientific knowledge and development of neglected species (Medicinal, aromatic,

forage,...)/ rustic trees of mountainous, arid and Saharan areas (Theme 3).4 - Characterization and valorization of local know-how in genetic management

(Theme 5).5 -Inventory and valuation of local know-how in the management of agro-biodiversity

including plant products in mountainous and arid areas.

2.1.4 Production and Animal Health

In the economic context of Algeria, livestock is challenged to increase productivity andproduction of strategic animal products (milk, meat) to ensure coverage of nutritional needs ofthe population in animal proteins. Representing more than 50% of the PIBA, livestockproduction plays a decisive role in favorable ecological areas as well as in sensitive areas(Mountainous and arid ecosystems). In the latter case, scientific research must propose waysof valorization of local populations to accompany the strategies of economic activitiesdiversification while generating incomes and preserving natural resources

Therefore, research challenges in animal production are in meeting current and futureneeds by:

- The production of technical and organizational solutions to improve production levelsand the quality of animal products while ensuring the preservation of animal resources. Animalfeed and fodder resource development are, for this purpose, the first priority for thedevelopment of animal production in Algeria.

- The development of sustainable alternatives for the promotion of animal husbandrysystems adapted to fragile ecosystems (Mountains, steppiques and Saharan areas).

- Anticipation in the context of major economic and global climate uncertainties, of themajor issues that would arise in the coming years pertaining with livestock production.


These challenges are diversified and concern vast fields of research. In effect, thedomain of animal productions, ground of meeting of numerous sciences and agronomicaldisciplines, is broad. It concerns different animal species across implicated genetic resources,several processes of production and synergy with social, economic and environmental context.

Based on these elements and to meet the challenges outlined above, it was identifiedresearch priorities articulated on three major themes related to the valorization of geneticpatrimony (Area 2), livestock systems, food and animal health.

Axis 1: Livestock SystemsTheme 1: Understanding and improving animal husbandry systems.Identifying constraints and advantages of animal breeding systems in different agro-

ecological zones and ways to improve sustainably their performance (Dairy Cattle, extensivefarming in mountain areas and steppe).

Theme 2: Search about integrated and sustainable systems.Study opportunities for integration of livestock at the farm or the region level, particularly

for feed (cattle, sheep and goats).Theme 3: Creating techno-economic referencesPreparation of maps of breeding systems, with contextual technical references /

Conception of technical diagnostic supports and proposition of devices dedicated toimplementing technical advice.

Theme 4: Effect of different breeding systems on EnvironmentImpact of livestock (sheep and goats) on steppe area and the relationship to

desertification.Theme 5: Adapting livestock systems to climate change.Adaptation study of extensive livestock systems (Breeding sheep, goats, camels, small

herds) to climate changes.Theme 6: Control of reproductionIdentification of constraints related to the control of reproduction (cattle).

Axis 2: Animal alimentationTheme 1: Optimizing feeding systems for LivestockKnowledge and diagnostic of livestock feeding systems in connection with herd

management systems (breeding, animal housing and health for cattle and sheep).Theme 2: Identification and improvement of animal feeding resourcesFood inventory and food quality (ruminants and small livestock, poultry in particular).Theme 3: By-product development for animal feeding

Axis 3: Animal HealthTheme 2: Pathology of livestockIdentifying the causes of diseases, pathogens, prevention and control means (ruminant)Theme 3: Epidemiology and prophylaxisKnowledge of risk factors through epidemiological studies.


2.1.5 Biotic agents of plant species

This research field is important given the importance of economic losses caused bydifferent types of bio-aggressors, estimated at 35% of the volume of production. Thedevelopment of research in the field of crop protection appears to be crucial when it tries torespond to radical changes in bio-aggressions that emanate from mutations caused by climatewarming and the modifications in production systems due to intensification and the opening toforeign markets.

Agricultural research is challenged to provide effective solutions to contribute in thereduction of agricultural production losses and promote agriculture less dependent on chemical“phytoprotection” and respectful of environment and biodiversity.

Research themes centered on the issue of biotic agents of plant species are organizedin three axes that will be consolidated over the next decade. These are related to knowledgeof biotic agents and their development factors, methods of struggle against the bio-aggressorsand knowledge of plant-microbe coevolution.

Axis 1 - Knowledge of biotic agents and their development factors.

Theme 1: Identification of pathogens and symbiotic agents.This thematic target date palm ("Bayoud» ...), wheat (Septoria and rust ...), barley

(Helminthosporium ...), chickpea (Fusarium wilt, anthracnose…), alfalfa, potato land and olivetrees.

Axis 2 - Fight against crop pests.Supported research is developed in the context of the control of bio-aggressors that

threaten some of the agricultural potential (cereals and legumes, Solanaceae, fruit trees... etc.)and, thus, the national food security. The conception of control methods and improving theseissues are at the heart of this research axis. These initiatives need to be reinforced for the nextdecade by bringing the perspective of the changes that will be caused by climate change andthe transformation of production systems. New thematic priorities have been targeted and are,in order of priority:

Theme 1: Integrated fight against locusts.- Use of synthetic insecticides and biopesticides plants.- Study of Bio-ecology and spatiotemporal distribution of the desert locust in remission

in natural habitats in southern Algeria.- Use of entomopathogenic fungi against locusts.

Theme 2: Integrated fight against pests of cereals (Wheat and barley).Etiology, epidemiology and impact of major diseases in winter cereals.

Theme 3: Integrated protection of palm grove.The research focuses on the development of integrated struggles against Fusarium,

disease, "brittle leaves" and "Boufaroua" (Oligonychus).

Theme4: Integrated fight against pests of legumes.Study of the mode of action of antagonistic microorganisms vis-à-vis the chickpea

fusariose.

Theme 5: Integrated protection in protected crops.Study bio ecology of the "tomato leafminer", Tutta absoluta and using biological control

in potential gardening areas (North and South). The Solanaceae family is particularly targeted(Potato, tomato…etc.).


Theme 6: Integrated fight against pests of potato.Study of nematodes Globodera related to the culture of potato.

Theme 7: Integrated protection dedicated to rosacea and citrus fruit orchards.- Inventory, bio ecology studies and control of destructives on citrus fruit.- Control of Cydiapomonella on apples and pears using the sterile insect technology.

Theme 8: Characterization and management of pest resistance phenomena topesticides.

Study of the toxicity of pesticides on pests and quantification of enzymes involved inpesticide resistance (tomatoes, citrus fruits, olive).

Theme 9: Seeds and stored products phytosanitary protection.Inventory of pests and means of struggle against them (Wheat and barley).

Axis3: Knowledge of plant-microbe coevolution.Theme 1: Study relationship plants - microorganisms.This research theme aims to analyze the defense mechanisms and interaction of

cultures. The target species are, in order of priority, the date palm ("Bayoud" ... etc..), Wheat(Septoria and rust ...), barley (Helminthosporium ...), chickpea (Fusarium wilt, anthracnose,...), the potato and olive.

2.1.6 Physical environments, climate and agriculture.

Components of the physical environment play a fundamental role in the functioning ofecosystems and the preservation of their ecological functions which, it must be remembered,are the basis for meeting the socio-economic needs of population.

The study and mastery of these components is crucial in that they determine theresilience, sustainability and productivity of agro ecosystems particularly ecosystems oftenknown for their extreme fragility like the steppe ecosystems, Saharan and mountain areas.

Three main issues polarize the interests of agricultural research in this field; the analysisof the factors and mechanisms of degradation of physical resources, the issue of water andagriculture as well as land degradation and desertification.

Factors and mechanisms of degradation of natural resourcesThe fact is established, the physical resources are subject to a process of intense

degradation linked to a multitude of factors like:- Anthropogenic pressures: population, urban development, industrialization,

transformation of consumption patterns and lifestyles of the people.- Agricultural practices unsuited to the fragile ecosystems (irrigation, tillage and

mechanization especially in arid and semi-arid, cropping patterns and rotations).- Wind and water erosion and their corollary, desertification.- Pollution of groundwater and soils in relation to the discharge of untreated worn water.To these factors, it should also be added an exacerbating factor which is by climate

change.


The issue of water in agricultureFrom 2015, Algeria is going to experience a situation of water shortage that will certainly

affect all economic sectors22 and agriculture in the first place.

The great spatiotemporal variability of precipitation represents a permanent stress fornatural ecosystems and rainfed cropping systems. Recent increases in the frequency andintensity of droughts and temperatures, attributed to climate change, lead to even greateraridity. Since the 70s, the drought is a structural feature of Algerian climate. The impact of thedrought on water resources has already resulted in the worsening of the deficit in waterresources, a low rate of filling of dams and reduced groundwater reserves.

Increasing aridity will amplify, therefore, the phenomenon of degradation of soils andecosystems, causing desertification and vulnerable areas like steppes.

In addition to inadequate water availability, Algeria is confronted to the problem of waterquality. About 600 million m3 of untreated wastewater are discharged annually, affecting soilsand water resources.

This factor is now considered as the most important challenge for water andenvironment management authorities in Algeria.

Land degradation and desertificationSoils in Algeria are subject to severe degradation due to erosion, pollution and

salinization. The area of lands that is potentially affected by water erosion is estimated at four(04) million hectares of which 53% is considered arable land. With regard to soils affected bysalinity, statistics show that more than 50% of irrigated land is affected by this phenomenon.Concerning desertification, it should be noted that this phenomenon is related to the severityof the climate which is accentuated by orographic conditions and geo-pedology as well as theeffects of anthropogenic pressure.

Therefore, the issue of physical natural resources arises now in terms of rehabilitation,rationalization, conservation and sustainable management. Agricultural research shouldprovide suitable answers to these questions. The field of research dedicated to the physicalenvironment, is breakdown into 9 key areas:

Axis1- Climate Change.The risk assessment of climate change and the identification of agricultural areas at

high risk, with the prospect of reasoning new cropping systems adapted to the environmentalconditions, are fundamental requirements of agricultural research in Algeria. Two majorthemes are developed for this purpose:

Theme 1 - Impacts of global change on agricultural production systems and forestecosystems.

Theme 2 - Development of systems and early warning indicators: agro-meteorological, plant and animal health.

In fact, the only theme dedicated to early-warning systems (Theme 2) seems to beproperly supported at INRAA.

Axis 2 - Agro-climatic and agro-meteorological studies.Research activities related to this topic are structured on six main thematic (See Box

3). However, INRAA focuses its activities only on frequential analysis of climatic indicators andagro climatic characterization of agricultural production areas in northern and steppique zones.


Box 3 -Thematic research studies dedicated to agro-climatic

Theme 1 - Frequency analysis of climatic parameters andtheir impact on agricultural production: the case of northernAlgeria and the Steppe.

Theme 2 - Agro-climatic parameters modeling.

Theme 3 - The influence of climatic conditions on crops andthe development of appropriate control techniques.

Theme 4 - Agro-climatic characterization of agriculturalproduction zones: the case of northern Algeria and theSteppe.

Theme 5 – Implementation of an agro-meteorologicalnetwork for research.

Theme 6 - Network phenological observations of species.

Axis 3 – Protected crops (greenhouses).Cropping system integrating greenhouses has been widely used since the early 80s.

Initiated at Tellian regions, in response to growing market demand, this activity has extendedto other parts of the country, in south notably. Within six thematic researches (Box 4), INRAAdeploys its activity in relation with "greenhouse" agro ecosystem management in different agro-ecological zones, primarily in the North then Highlands and southern regions.

Box 4 -Thematic Research Axis

Theme 1 - Study of the microclimate of greenhouses and itsimpact on crop development.

Theme 2 –“Greenhouses models” performances in differentagro-ecological zones.

Theme 3 - Study of different systems of crop protection(windbreaks ...).

Theme 4 - Optimization of protected cropping management(mulching, tunnel, fertilization).

Theme 5 - Energy exchanges and biomass developmentmodeling in the "greenhouse" agro ecosystem in differentagro-ecological zones.

Theme 6 - Evaluation of environmental effects on theproperties of greenhouse protecting materials.


Axis 4: Promotion of renewable energyThe research axis dedicated to the valorization of energy is supported through the

thematic 1 devoted to the use of non-fossil energy for heating greenhouses and secondarilyfor livestock buildings and for agricultural irrigation (Box 5).

Box 5 – Thematic Research Axis devoted to renewable energy

Theme 1 - Using solar and geothermal energy for heating greenhouses(1) and livestock buildings and for irrigation (2).

Theme 2 - Development of organic waste (agricultural and domestic)for the production of biogas.

Theme 3- Using solar energy for drying agricultural products.

Theme 4 - Development of wind energy and photovoltaic to pumpwater for irrigation, livestock watering and energy generation.

Axis 5: Rational use of water in agricultureResearch on the issues of rational use of water for irrigation and drainage is an

important priority in Algeria and at INRAA. The research undertook presently relates withimproving chain of efficiencies in irrigated systems, improving rainwater productivity, study andimprovement of irrigation traditional systems, the study of dynamics of groundwater and thedrainage system in relation to irrigation and integrated management of treated wastewater inagriculture (Box 6).

Crop water requirements (Theme 1), -insufficiently supported- should be given specialattention in the context of a collaborative approach with National Agency for Water Resources(ANRH).

In terms of their impact on the environment, issues related to the valuation of non-conventional water, wastewater in particular, will be subjected to more intensive researchincorporating both normative and technological aspects.

Box 6 - Thematic Research Axis related to Rational use of water in agriculture

Theme 1 - Study of the water needs of crops.Theme 2 - Management of irrigation.Theme 3 - Improvement and adaptation of irrigation techniques to agro-pedo-climatic context.Theme 4 - Inventory and valuation of local know-how in systems of water management in agriculture.Theme 5 -Harvesting and valorization of rainwater in agriculture (Benches, "Djoub", "Madjens"…etc.).Theme 6 - The dynamics of groundwater and the drainage system in relation to irrigation.Theme 7 - Valuation of non-conventional water in agriculture: Standards for the use of treatedwastewater in Agriculture / Processing Technology / Crop tolerance to salinity.Theme 8 - Valuation of low-quality water (backish) in agriculture.Theme 9 - Drainage System.Theme 10 - Optimizing fertigation systems.Theme 11 - Impacts of fertilizers and pesticides on surface and groundwater.


Axis 6: Inventory, characterization and monitoring of physical resources

Two topics are identified in this research field:Theme 1: Establishment of a soils, climate, crops and agricultural practices monitoring

network for diagnosis and support.Theme 2: Characterization of water resources in different agro-climatic zones.

Evaluation of availability (03) and water quality (03).

Axis 7: Protection and soil managementCharacterization of soil degradation mechanisms and identification of cultural and

irrigation practices favorable to soil conservation (Box 7).

Box 7- Thematic priorities related to protection and management of soils.

Theme 1: Inventory and characterization of soils.Theme 2: Study of degradation soil process: salinization, desertification,hydric and wind erosion and pollution.Theme 3: Identification and adaptation of cultural practices forconservation and sustainable land managementTheme 4: Study of the evolution of soils under irrigation and salinizationmanagement

Axis 8: Improvement of chemical, biological and physical properties of soilsThis axis is devoted to study the physico-chemical, biological, and water soil’s balances

in the perspective of improving their agricultural property by incorporating organic and mineralfertilization (Box 8).

Box 8- Soil proprieties: Thematic priority research.

Theme 1: Characterization and hydro-physical, chemical and biologicalfunctioning, of cultivated soil.

Theme 2: Management of mineral fertility of soils.

Theme 3: Quality and safety of endogenous and exogenous organicmatter in agriculture: green manure, sewage sludge, urban waste,poultry manure...etc.

Axis 9: Remote sensing and geographical information systemThematic oriented to design and adapts monitoring-assessment and decision support

tools for the management of natural resources (soil Zoning, soils agronomical aptitudedetermination, canopy mapping, water potential). (Box 9).

Box 9- Thematic priority research dedicated to GIS

Theme 1: Mapping agricultural aptitudes of agro-pedo-climatic areas.

Theme 2: Development of GIS and data analysis methodologies.

Theme 3: Use of remote sensing and GIS for the assessment of water resources for irrigation of soiland climate.

Theme 4: Soils characterization and zoning.


2.1.7 Agricultural and agrifood economics, rural sociology.

Within the context of the logical framework determined by the implementation of PREAR(cf. Supra, Chapter I), research in this field is structured around 4 axes:Axe 1: Knowledge and improvement of production systems.Axe 2: Analysis of agricultural policies.Axe 3: Rural development.Axe 4: Agrifood industry development.

Axe 1 – Production system diagnosis and improvementAgricultural policies need a light on the dynamics and differentiation processes of

production systems to define appropriate targets for development. The topics listed on this axisare:

Theme 1 - Improvement of systems of production in rural zones and search forparticipative approaches for a durable agricultural development (Approach accordingto the systems of production and ecological agro zones).

The insufficiency of available work justifies the activities to develop on this set of themesin particular those in connection with the analysis of the structures, the productive orientation,the level of intensification and performances.

Theme 2 - Development of indicators and referentials for the leveling farmsaccording to production systems and agro-ecological zones.

The production of technical, economic and financial indicators according to ‘types' ofexisting farms constitutes a precondition to the development of essential managementexpertise tools for agricultural, as well as for the implementation of the of agriculturaldevelopment programs, training and agricultural investments at farm level.

Axe 2: Agricultural policies assessmentThe analysis will cover the components pertaining with agricultural policies including

land property regime, economic regulation and incentive, Agricultural water management,training-research and extension, land planning, agricultural and rural employment, incomes,regional integration (the Maghreb, UE/Maghreb...) and institutions.

This set of research topics covers a vast investigation field dedicated to the analysis ofthe agricultural policies and value-chain development strategy, modeling and aid-tools todecision-making, analysis of agricultural markets, analysis of globalization impact, impactstudy of national land policies and evaluation of agricultural and rural development integratedprojects.

In connection with the recent evolutions, the analysis of the agricultural policies willhave to focus on the examination of the new framework and regulatory instruments introducedby the PREARR: land policies, agricultural credits (“RFIG” and “ETTAHADI" devices), priceformation, agricultural taxation, insurances devices covering economic and natural risks,reinforcement of mutuality and professional organizations.

More precisely, the analysis of the agricultural policies will have to examine deeply thefunctioning and impact of the SYRPALAC, which is a regulatory device for broad-consumptionproducts in terms of security and stabilization of the markets as well as protection of farmers’incomes.

Finally, the analysis of the impact of association agreements with the European Unionand the prospect of Algeria accession to WTO on the agrifood industries will have to bethoroughly studied.

These analyzes should target all programs dedicated to intensification andmodernization of strategic agrifood chains (see above) as well as programs for seeds andwater saving.


Ultimately, the axis oriented towards agricultural policy analysis is structured aroundseven major themes (see Box 10).

Beyond this affirmation, it is interesting to keep in mind that INRAA is involved in thereal agricultural economics through:

- Integration of researchers within inter-professional councils.- Establishment of the National Observatory of Agriculture (MADR-INRAA/UE

Cooperation Project).- Participation in the creation of Integrated Agricultural Poles (Clusters) designed

as instruments for valorization and revitalization of territories around a dynamic centered oninnovation and technological development, agricultural research, education and economicactors.

Axe 3: Rural developmentResearch topics oriented rural development (Box 11) are inserted into the program

“Food and Agriculture" and "Development of arid, semi-arid and Mountainous areas as well asthe fight against desertification". This research focuses on ecosystems and areas that arefragile and disadvantaged (arid and semi-arid ecosystems, mountains and Sahara) marked byprecarious living conditions of the people who live there.

Research activities related to rural development deploys a "Gender" approach whosecentral question is the study of the relationship between gender with the imperatives ofpreserving biodiversity, water resources and ecosystems in connection with rural know How .It will, moreover, to study the level of gender integration in the institutional developmentprocess.

Directed toward the development of steppe and mountainous ecosystems, the ruralgender approach aims, through adapted instruments23, to:

- Constitute an organized-by-sex database.

- Take into account the problems, practical and strategic needs of different categories

of gender in agriculture and rural development;

- Prepare a development strategy based on gender differences;

- Systematize gender integration in policies and programs.

Axe 4: Agrifood industry developmentThe Agrifood development process reflects a set of activities and processes that aim is

to design new products in response to market needs. Researches dedicated to this axis aredivided into four major themes (see Box 12). With the exception of work oriented towardsvalorization of local products (Dates, traditional cheeses, sheep meat, olive oil) research onthese themes remain undeveloped.


Box 10- Sets of themes of research dedicated to the analysis of the agricultural policies.

Theme 1 - Agricultural policy analysis and strategy development of the agrifood chains.The theme aims to strengthen the capacity of design, implementation and M & E of agriculturalpolicies, particularly for strategic sectors: cereals, potatoes, milk and meat, date palm, olive.

Theme 2 - Modeling and Decision Support in Agricultural Economics.Establishment and Introduction of models designed to decision support at the macro, meso and microeconomic levels. The Modeling of production systems and exploitation of water resources, at regionaland agro-ecosystems scales, is a priority for the ten coming years.

Theme 3 - Analysis of agricultural markets.This theme aims to develop knowledge about strategic agrifood channels and markets, influentialactors, price formation process and the distribution of value added along the agrifood chains.

Theme 4: Globalization, regulation and durable agricultural development.The increasing integration of the national agricultural economy in the structures of world economy isan undeniable reality evidenced by the growth of trade commercial flows in capital and consumergoods. Economic openness appears particularly with the signing of an association agreement with EU(AAEU) and the prospect of the accession of Algeria to the WTO. This thematic will analyze the impactof globalization on the agricultural economy and rural areas. Priority will be given to strategic agrifoodchannels/ markets.

Theme 5: Land tenure, analysis and impact on agricultural systems. Status, analysis and monitoring ofthe implementation of the new land law24.The research aims, firstly, to analyze the impact of the recently enacted land law and, secondly, to fillgaps in knowledge on the subject.

Theme 6: Evaluation of the integrated agricultural and rural development projects.The PPDRI and PPLCD are the instruments for implementation of rural policy which has resulted in adevice and process that should be studied to assess and improve relationship with the institutionalframework.

Theme 7: Conception, development and valorization of integrated information systems includingextension and communication systems.


Box 11- Priority research themes related to rural development

Theme 1: Characterization of rural zones by using new approaches and methodological tools.

This theme focuses on the renewal of the analysis tools of rural areas, called to receive PPDRI andPPLCD, related to the implementation of tools PREAR

Theme 2: Development of methodological approaches and evaluation for the proximity integratedrural development projects (PPDRI, PPLCD).

The PPDRI and the PPLCD constitute the instruments of implementation of rural policy which create adevice and processes that have to be studied and improved in relation to existing institutionalframework.

Theme 3 - Institutions and actors strategies in rural areas.

This topic is analyzing the articulation of institutional dynamics and strategy of rural actors. Knowledgeof strategies and logic of the actors is a prerequisite for the definition of proper policies.

Box 12- Priority research in agrifood industry development

Theme 1: Knowledge and promotion of local products and traditional know-how (Dates, traditionalcheeses, sheep meat, olive oil).

Theme 2: Quality and standardization in agriculture and agrifood industry.

Theme 3: supply and distribution of agricultural and food systems.

Theme 4: Quality and standardization in the field of training and agricultural research.


2.2 Biotechnology program

2.2.1 Prospects for application of biotechnology in agriculture

Biotechnologies offer interesting perspectives in terms of overcoming some of theconstraints inherent to agricultural and rural development. Their application in agriculturehelped to provide answers to the needs of genetic improvement of crops against multiple bioticand abiotic stresses, improved production and animal health, seed and healthy plantsproduction, the design of bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers, development of bio-prospectingbesides applications in the fields of environment and biodiversity, biofuel production andpromotion of bioenergy, bio development process and economic exploitation of medicinal andaromatic plants.

Eight potential areas of biotechnology application in agriculture and rural developmenthave been identified, namely:

Improved yields and crop production: This perspective includes the geneticimprovement of crops against biotic and abiotic stresses by the creation of new resistantvarieties and the use of selection methods based on gene transformation and/or markings.Moreover, this perspective encompasses the performance improvement by genetic researchand the use of untapped yields related blocks of genes (QTL) and engineering of biosyntheticpathways.

Finally, this perspective focuses on the identification of genes that can be exploited inorder to increase the rate of nutrients, such as iron, zinc, vitamins, and proteins and onbalanced elimination of anti-nutritional factors specific to leguminous and oil-bearing plants.

Application of plant tissue multiplication techniques: Widely used for theproduction of healthy plants and micro-propagation of plants whose growth is slow or does notproduce seeds. In the context of development programs, these techniques are effective inimproving crops including potato, olive, pistachio and date palms.

Production of Bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides: The transgenic techniquescan be invested in the production of transgenic bio-fertilizers and Bio-pesticides, usedespecially in botany.

Applications in livestock and animal production: offering a wide scope ofbiotechnology involving, in particular, the development of diagnostic devices and recombinantvaccines, improving the quality and digestibility of food resources (coarse fodder) and thedevelopment of genetic markers in animals breeding programs.

Bio-prospecting and Molecular Taxonomy: Biotechnologies are used tosupport the exploration, documentation and molecular characterization issues relating tocritical economic and ecological biodiversity.

Application in the fields of environment and biodiversity: Application ofbiotechnology research outcomes in the development of techniques for the collection,conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, bio-remediation, waste recycling,development of bio-sensors and bio-indicators.

Production of biofuels and bioenergy: whose production is ensured by theuse of bio-engineering-produced biomass for generating raw materials serving in gaseous andliquid fuels.

Development of bio-processes and bio-instrumentation. Treatment of medicinal and aromatic plants: by the use of genetic

engineering that aims to improve the content of crops in terms of protein, minerals, vitaminsand biomolecules of therapeutic and industrial interest.

What about Algeria?


2.2.2 Agricultural biotechnologies orientation in agricultural

research.

The national research program devoted to agricultural biotechnology has identifiedfour major areas: Characterizing and managing genetic resources.

Genomic studies of model organisms and varietal improvement.

Improvement of animal production.

Improving the quality of agricultural and agrifood products.

Application of biotechnology and environmental protection.

Axis 1: Characterization and management of genetic resources.The research activities included in this axis are devoted to study the genetic diversity of

strategic species, through the use of molecular tools, as well as to identify genetic variation inthe genome of these species (see Box 13).

One theme is supported on this axis through the study of the genetic structure bymolecular markers of some strategic crops like date palm, wheat, barley, food legumes, foragecrops and olive (Theme 1). Furthermore, in this prospect, it should be added all the activitiesthat will be powered by the launch of the INRAA's gene bank (Theme 3).

Box 13- Characterization of genetic resources (Thematic Priority)

Theme 1: Genotyping and characterization of genetic diversity.Theme 2: Conservation engineering optimization of biological material.Theme 3: Establishment and management of collections and gene banks.

Axis 2: Genomics of model organisms and varietal improvement.This axis is the subject of intense activities based on four themes:

Theme1: Study of the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to stress.The work for this purpose consists of the identification of genes and QTL's molecular

markers of resistance to biotic and abiotic stress in the date palm, wheat, barley and Medicagoand truncatula (legume model plant).

Theme2: structural and functional analysis of genomes.The research focuses on the mastery of various techniques of genomics for the

discovery of new genes (date palm, wheat, barley, Medicago truncatula).

Theme3: Studies of synteny between model plants and crops of agronomic interest.The aim of the research theme is to ensure the transfer of genomics knowledge gained

on model plants to strategic plants. The model plants are rice grains for cereals and Medicagotruncatula for legumes.

Theme4: Optimization of the in vitro culture techniques and varietal improvement.Research conducted under this theme aim to master the use of in vitro techniques

(haplodiploidisation, protoplasm fusion, in vitro selection...etc.) for sanitation and / or the masspropagation of the date palm, potato land and olive trees.

Axis 3: Improvement of animal production.Theme 1: Selection of genes to enhance productivity and resistance.Theme 2: Reproduction and improving animal performance.Theme 3: Optimization of feed processing by livestock.


Axis 4: Improving the quality of agricultural and agrifood products.Theme1: Production of food additives.Theme2: Using and optimizing molecular marker techniques for authentication,

identification and traceability of processed and unprocessed food products.Theme3: Alternative methods of quality control of products and agro-ecosystems.Theme4: Bioconversions.

Axis 5: Biotechnology and environment.Theme1: Estimated risks of GMOs. Development of genetic transformation and GMOs

detection techniques (corn, wheat).Theme2: Alternative wastewater treatment processes.Theme3: Biofertilizers and biopesticides.

2.2.3 Conclusion.

The research dedicated to agricultural biotechnology are currently limited in Algeria,and especially in INRAA, to few and partially covered research axis pertaining with thecharacterization of genetic resources and genomics of organisms as well as of the creation ofnew varieties.

Such research orientation should be strengthened for the coming decade and extendedto domains like animal production, food processing, by-products utilization, additivesproduction, plant protection and for other species than cereals and legumes (tree culture,vegetable crops, potatoes, and livestock feed).

There is a need to consolidate the existing human and materiel bases of INRAA’sbiotechnology research station in terms of equipment as well as adequate human resourceand their capacity building.

Furthermore, it is important to coordinate the research activities carried out and optimizethe allocation of financial resources in this area. This is even truer that we are witnessing theemergence of several specialized research centers in Algeria (BRC of Constantine, INRAA'sBiotechnology lab, USTO ... etc...).


III. Innovation and technological development

activities (2013-2023).Innovation activities, whether technological, organizational, institutional or

entrepreneurial have not experienced a significant development in Algeria25. We can affirmthat such activities are marginal or even non-existent, despite the efforts in terms of creationof institutions dedicated to innovation like the ANVREDET, promulgation of legal instrumentsaimed at supporting the creation process of innovative SMEs, business incubators andtechnology parks.

Research activities developed during the last two decades have indeed yielded"valuable" results in diverse areas like obtaining cereal seed varieties, in vitro production ofpotato and date palm plants, and production of elite brood-stock sheep as well the health andclonal selection of varieties of fruit species for the constitution of primary sources. Conclusiveresults have been obtained in other areas like technological valorization of agricultural productsand by-products (Dates, barley, mill feed, slaughterhouse by-products) in favor of animal feed,biological control against the bio-aggressors, the establishment of mechanisms for observingeconomic sectors (milk, poultry, potato), the valorization of genetic resources, geographicinformation systems and the promotion of instruments to approach the rural areas.

These results more or less finalized, often with undeniable market potential but notprecisely estimated, have not been converted into innovation through productive processesand markets.

Several factors are responsible for this state of fact:- Administrative configuration of the majority of research and development institutions

that do not offer the flexibility required to manage the development of innovative

products.

- Budgetary constraints that do not allow, from the results of research, engagement

and driving forward the process of development and diffusion of innovations

(Maintenance costs of collections and conservatories, financing of scientific and

technical expertise of high level, costs of studies and development, funding of SMEs

and start-ups ...etc.).

But the weak development of innovation refers to that the research and developmentinstitutions operate in a context marked by institutional bulkheading between universityresearch laboratories and other specialized research centers on one hand, and to the very lowconnectivity between the world of research and business on the other hand. Furthermore, itmust be added the fact that research in Algeria is implemented according to the classicalframework (experimentation / Thesis / Conferences / Publications), which tends to marginalizethe contribution of SMEs as well as professional organizations and engineering sciences thatare the basis of the development of innovations in the world.

Algeria has favored investment in centers and university research laboratories thatconcentrate almost 90% of researchers which in fact are teacher-researchers. So, given theweak links between the university and business, mentioned above, we can already highlightthe huge delay accumulated in the development of innovation in Algeria26.

Finally, the weakness in interfaces devoted to exploitation of research results isexplanatory of the low innovation capacity in the field of agricultural research.

Certainly, there is in Algeria a National Agency of exploitation of the results of researchand technological development (ANVREDET) but its action is limited to the management offunding related to market research, the cost of patents and the search for partners. In thisrespect, in addition to the need to strengthen the financial base of the ANVREDET, thedevelopment of this interface involves the creation of ‘’incubators’’ dedicated to innovative


companies, the promotion and development of science parks or "Clusters" and the creation offinancial institutions specialized in the funding of innovative companies.

Implementation of a favorable policy to development of innovation, particularly in theareas of agriculture and rural development is imperative in view of the identified needs. Ananalysis, far from being exhaustive, of the needs of Algeria in innovation has allowedestablishing seven areas on which potential claims have been identified (See Appendix 1).

3.1 Innovations related to the mastery of physical

environment, climate and agriculture.In view of the scarcity of natural resources and multifaceted anthropogenic pressures

exerted on them, in relation to the process of economic development, the production ofinnovations for the mastery of the physical environment, climate and agriculture is withoutdoubt one of the major challenges for the next decade and with regard to the importance ofneeds and gaps recorded in this sensitive area. From this perspective, innovation should focuson a number of strategic areas, namely:

- Cartography of the farming aptitudes of the great agro pedoclimatic ensembles ofAlgeria.

- Agro climatic characterization of agricultural production zones- Study of interactions soil-plant-microorganisms.- Soil conservation and management.- Development of indicators and early warning systems.- Adaptation of irrigation techniques and fine knowledge of crop water requirements

according to agro climatic areas of Algeria.- Development of non-conventional water in agriculture (wastewater and brackish).- Characterization of water resources in different agro-climatic zones.- The study of processes of soil degradation (salinization, desertification, erosion and

wind and water pollution).- The use of remote sensing and GIS for the assessment of water resources for irrigation,

soil and climate.- Integrated water management.

3.2 Knowledge and Genetic Improvement of biological

resources.The knowledge of available biological resources (Plant, animal, microorganisms) is

imperative in order to exploit the potential they represent and understanding their adaptationto diverse biotic and abiotic stresses (water deficit, heat stress, soil and water salinity,resistance to pests and diseases…etc.). Therefore, several areas are concerned by innovationactivities in Algeria:

- Inventory, evaluation, conservation and durable use of the animal and vegetablegenetic resources and of local and introduced micro-organisms.

- Development and improvement of genetic resources.- Creation and/or enlargement of the genetic variability for the improvement of strategic

species (resistance, productivity, quality).- Selection of new varieties of plants by the participatory approach.- Optimization in vitro crop techniques and varietal improvement.- Adaptation and species behavior to environmental conditions (Agro-technical).- Knowledge and development of neglected and underutilized species (medicinal and

aromatic plants, forage and condiments).


3.3 Food and food industryThe growth of food industry is an undeniable fact in Algeria. This is accompanied by the

emergence of pressing and important needs expressed by food companies addressed toresearch and innovation system. These innovations are based on 4 axis:

- The control of the quality of fresh and processed products.- The use of by-products of agriculture by agro-industry.- Promotion of traditional dairy products.- The use of antioxidants in agribusiness.

3.4-Crop ProtectionNeeds on innovations are focusing on integrated crop protection. These relate to

orchards rosacea, citrus, greenhouse crops and palm groves. It should also address the needsin the areas of integrated pest against the bio aggressors of legumes and locusts.

3.5- Animal Health and Production- Creation of technical and economical references and support for professional

organizations.- Mastery of the reproduction of animal populations (Cattle, sheep, goats).- Optimizing food systems for livestock.- Valorization of by-products in the animal feed.- Pathology of livestock.

3.6- Agricultural and agrifood economics- Improving the functioning of agrifood chains and markets for agricultural products.- Development of territorialized chains (Clusters)- Support for the implementation of agricultural policies.- Knowledge and promotion of local products and traditional skills.


IV- Capacities of implementation of the agricultural

research programs in Algeria.The capacities of implementation of the agronomic research in Algeria distribute

themselves between the Ministries of agriculture and rural development, of the waterresources, the environment, and the higher education and the scientific research that havecenters and institutes of research with which INRAA develops relations of collaboration. (SeeAppendix 3).

4.1 Experimental stations and infrastructure (INRAA)The implementation of the abovementioned research program implies the presence of

INRAA in the main representative agro-ecological zones of Algeria.In addition to already established and functional experimental stations, INRAA has

created and equipped others research facilities called to act as a receptacle for researchdivisions (see Table 1).

Moreover, the imperatives of scientific support to PREARR development programs, suchas saharan, mountainous and Algerian high plateaus programs, implies that INRAA , deploysits research teams into new location/stations (Tamanrasset, Bechar, Ghardaia, Bouira, ElBayadh / Saida).

Table 1 – INRAA’s experimentation and research Stations

Structures Area (Ha) Observations

INRAA Head officeAlgiers

0.11Station site, including agricultural biotechnology,Center of the scientific literature and the Observatoryof Agriculture.

Mehdi Boualem StationAlgiers 24

General-purpose station. Headquarter of severalresearch laboratories (Soil, animal production, plantbreeding and physiology, bioclimatology, foodtechnology ...).Location of genetic resources bank.

Sidi Mehdi StationTouggourt

52Station dedicated to Saharan agriculture

Sidi Aissa StationM’sila

15Station under construction (Agriculture / livestock inarid zone)

Oued Ghir StationBéjaia

21Station dedicated to agriculture wet mountains

Djelfa Station 24Station under construction (Agriculture and livestockin arid zone).

Jijel Station 11Station dedicated to agriculture wet mountains (underconstruction).

Lamtar StationSidi Bel Abbes

11Station on track rehabilitation oriented agriculture /livestock in semi-arid zone

Doucene StationBiskra

Station dedicated to Saharan agriculture (underconstruction)

Constantine Station 10 Station under construction (Cereals / Livestock)

Sétif Station 12 Station under construction (Cereals / Livestock)

Tiaret Laboratory 20 Laboratory oriented for production of seed potato

Adrar Station 75 Station dedicated to agriculture Saharan

El Hmadenas StationRelizane

78

Station dedicated to research focused on theproblems of salinity / aridity. Receptacle cooperationproject Algeria / China dedicated to the developmentof saline agricultural soils in Algeria


4.2 Human Resources.The human potential of INRAA, including both researchers and support staff to research,

is configured to meet the challenges imposed by the need to cover the needs of agriculturalresearch, as formulated above, induced by implementation of agricultural, rural and agrifoodpolicies in Algeria. In addition to national research programs implemented, INRAA developsother activities that increase the human resource needs as the institution tries to cover throughrecruitment plans. Among these activities there are to be noted:

- Implementation of the main instruments to support agricultural research.- Conduct and animation of development activities of strategic importance related to

PREAR.

The implementation of the main instruments to support agricultural research.- Establishment of the Bank of plant and animal genetic resources.- Consolidation of technological base of agricultural biotechnology station that will

strengthen research activities in relation to knowledge and improvement of biological material.- Implementation of the observatory of agriculture and agrifood chains (OFAAL) in

Algeria. This observatory is a twinning project which involve European Union (France, Italy)and Algeria. The objectives of this project are the knowledge and improving the value chain(production system, marketing of agricultural raw materials, industrial processing, anddistribution of processed products, international markets and food consumption). The projectwill be implemented during the period September 2012-March 2014 and will require themobilization of 14 permanent scientists and 16 technicians under the support staff.

- Consolidation of the agro meteorology network whose development is sought in orderto ensure coverage of all agro-ecological zones listed in PREAR.

- Development of a GIS center whose development was supported by the project"Geographical Information System Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development (SGIIAR)"in the context of cooperation between Algeria and Italy.

Conduct and animation of development activities of strategic importance relatedto PREAR.

Under the accumulated expertise and status of research and development organization,INRAA is responsible for several issues of strategic importance to MADR, namely:

- The Genetic Resources Program.- The implementation of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources.- The establishment of three integrated agrifood poles (Clusters) with the support of the

World Bank27.- Supporting the development program of date palm in Algeria.- Support for development programs for arid, Saharan, highlands and mountain areas.- Labeling of agricultural products within the framework of the promotion of rural areas

(Olive oil, dried figs).- The development of organic agriculture.

The achievement of these strategic objectives implies the mobilization of potentialresearchers and therefore adoption of an exceptional plan of recruitment that will permit thestrengthening of human capacities of INRAA.

INRAA currently mobilizing a population of scientists who rises to 207 researchersspread across stations and research divisions (see Table 2), nearly 60% majority is composedof young researchers.


4.3 The Scientific and Technological CooperationTo ensure adequate coverage of the areas of research INRAA deploys an intensive

cooperation both nationally and internationally.

4.3.1 National Cooperation.Nationally, INRAA develop a close collaboration with institutes, centers and laboratories

within the Ministries of Agriculture and Rural Development, Water Resources, HigherEducation and Research science (see Appendix 3). As such, it should be noted that INRAA isthe national coordination agency of PNRs dedicated to «Agriculture, Food, forests, farmlandand rural areas". INRAA also participates directly to the implementation of 44 projects fundedby the National Research Fund (FNR) for an amount of 66 million dinars (660.000 Euros).

These projects, as well as all the research activities of the INRAA, are embedded withinthe institutional matrix (see Appendix 4) involving government institutions, professionalorganizations, NGOs and companies.

4.3.2 International Cooperation.The international project portfolio consists of 22 projects dedicated to the improvement

of wheat, building research capacity, renewable energy, the fight against desertification andrural development in fragile ecosystems (mountains, plains and areas Sahara), food security,the application of nuclear techniques to agricultural areas (Pathology and Animal Health,irrigation, crop breeding, bioclimatology), mobilization of water resources and soilconservation.

International cooperation projects are implemented both in bilateral (France, USA, Spain,Holland, Italia, Morocco, Brazil, Argentina, China, South Korea) and multilateral relations (EU,NEPAD, UMA, World Bank, FAO, IAEA). Moreover, INRAA maintaining close relationshipswith international research centers: CGIAAR (ICARDA, IWMI, CIMMYT and CIP).

The issue of water and its mobilization for agriculture is at the center of internationalcooperation projects. It is articulated on several projects during formulation or execution:

- Impact of climate change on water availability for irrigation in the regions andcatchments (INRAA / IWMI).

- Optimization of irrigation (hydroponic, needs assessment in water for crops) INRAA /IAEA.

- Genetic improvement against water stress of crops (barley, wheat, chickpea, datepalms palm). INRAA / IAEA.

- Evaluation of aquifer systems (INRAA / OSS / ANRH).- The mobilization of rainwater in the wilaya of Mascara (CERAI / INRAA).- Action against groundwater pollution (IAEA).- Wastewater Reuse in the regions for the purposes of agriculture (WB and IWMI).

Table 2 - Structure of the potential of researchers mobilized by INRAA (2012)

Grade researchers Numbers

Directors of research 02

Maitres of research 12

Responsible for research 33

Attaches of research 135

Responsible for studies 25

Total 207


V. European Food, Agriculture and Water research

priorities

5.1. EU 2020 Food and Agriculture research future priorities

for developing countries28

Food and Agricultural research greatly influence the direction and development ofagricultural policies and practices, with important implications for sustainable development andglobal food security. As part of the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) 2013 reform, theEuropean Commission has proposed a new 4.5 bn Euro budget for food and agriculturalresearch which is double the amount of previous research budgets. The Commission issuedits legislative proposal for both the Horizon 2020 and the CAP reform in Oct-Nov 2011. Horizon2020 developed under the lead of DG Research brings together all EU innovation and researchfunding on basic and applied research (FP7, competitiveness and Innovation FrameworkProgramme CIP, and the European Institute on Innovation).

Food security is one of the major challenges worldwide in the years ahead, with globalfood demand forecast to rise by 70% by 2050 (FAO), accompanied by a steep increase in thedemand for feed, fibre, biomass, and biomaterial. However, this challenge is accompanied bya slowdown in productivity growth – in good part because of a reduction in investment inagricultural research – and increased pressure on the environment and our natural resources.The key challenge for agriculture in future is not only to produce more, but also to do this in asustainable manner. These challenges will not be resolved without a major push towardsembracing research and innovation – and in particular in bringing researchers, farmers andother players closer together so that we can accelerate the speed of technological transferfrom science to farming practice, and provide more systematic feedback about practice needsfrom farming to science.

One of the Horizon 2020 priorities is ‘Societal challenges’ with a proposed budget ofabout 35bn Euro addresses food security, sustainable agriculture, energy, raw materials,marine and maritime research, bioeconomy, etc. The research programme will beimplemented through different instruments such as public-private-partnerships, public-public-partnerships (i.e. ERA-NET), joint programming initiatives, coordination with EU memberstates, and the European Innovation Partnership (EIP). EIP programme on AgriculturalProductivity and Sustainability which will primarily be implemented through co-funding actionsunder the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) pillar II on rural development policy. Theprogramme aims to facilitate communication between practice and sciences and exchangesamong innovation actors on the side of both the CAP and Horizon 2020; with the latter feedinginto the EIP with applied research projects, cross-border and cluster initiatives or innovationcenters. The EIP targets are: productivity and efficiency of the agricultural sector promotion(reversing the recent trend of diminishing productivity gains by 2020) and sustainability ofagriculture (securing soil functionality at a satisfactory level by 2020).

The resources that the EU invests in agricultural research could impact developingcountries in different ways. First, indirectly but perhaps most importantly, the European foodand agricultural knowledge system, and the agricultural model on which it is based, is beingtransferred to many developing countries by way of, inter alia, technical assistance. Second,there is a direct impact resulting from private sector investments in the development ofagricultural innovations which are not necessarily appropriate for tropical climates and soils orfor the economic and social contexts in which developing country farmers are operating, andwhich therefore do not always have positive impacts on poverty reduction or on local foodsecurity and nutrition.


At the international level, the EU has committed to investing in food agricultural researchthat will meet global development challenges. The outcome document of the UNCSDConference, Rio+20, calls for strengthening of international cooperation on food andagricultural research for development, improvement of knowledge systems and knowledge andtechnology transfer that empowers farmers; and in this regard acknowledges the importantrole of traditional seed supply systems.29

EU plays an important role in promoting agricultural research that delivers on global foodsecurity, particularly in food insecure and developing countries. The obligation to take accountof policy coherence for development will be translated into support for open access, sharingand use of scientific information and the increased dissemination and use of knowledge andaccess to scientific data produced or collected by EU funded research. This is particularlyimportant for actors in developing countries and for tackling common challenges of global foodsecurity.

Food and Agricultural research capacities of the EU (research projects, personal,programs) are necessary to improve global food security concerns in particular of developingcountries with tropical and subtropical conditions. Therefore, building capacity in developingcountries’ research institutes through partnerships between research institutions in EU anddeveloping countries is an extremely relevant action. The EU’s commitment to reduction ofhunger could be translated into research that puts marginalized food production of rural poorat the center. Agricultural research is based on participatory approaches that put the needsand knowledge of farmers at the center of decision-making. This research approach can beused on small scale farms allowing technology transfer to smallholders in developing countries.

EU co-funded research support to smallholder enterprises in agriculture and foodprocessing operators in developing countries is very important to their food productioncapacity-building and long term food security.EU research support to research anddevelopment of specific agro ecological techniques in these countries with a particularattention to gender issues enable them to avoid an increase in women’s labor burden, or anincrease in child labor exploitation.

5.2. EU Water research future approach in developing

countries

The EU R&D roadmap for water issues for the next 20 years addresses relevantchallenges of the water sector in Europe and in developing countries. Most of these challengesare environmental and industrial but they also represent market opportunities, and aretherefore considered as most relevant to support influence of the European water sectorindustry in the developing countries by the means of financing projects and knowledge transfer of innovative demonstration cases. The challenges will focus on generic research that will alsoencourage RTD activities based on the cooperation with different European TechnologyPlatforms (ETPs) or Framework Programmes, but also with other pan-European initiativesaddressing water management such as ERANET initiatives, EurAqua, etc

A global approach is needed with regard to water and waste treatment across allindustrial and commercial sectors. The EU research opportunities will be addressed to boththe water sector and wider industry, that will finally enhance the capability of the supply chainin provision of energy efficient technologies for water and wastewater usage and treatment,both in EU and abroad, thereby increasing the global competitiveness of European water andwastewater solution providers. EU R&D and demonstration funding will be better targeted andconsequently investment in new technology, innovation and integration between the waterindustry, wider industry and society, adoption of commercial synergies will offer the potentialof additional economical resources.


In the developing countries there is more opportunity for short term solutions notconstrained by existing infrastructure. Therefore, there is great opportunity for Europeaninnovation to be widely adopted in the developing world. This will enhance wealth creation inEurope and in those countries and create many jobs for both parts in the environmental sector.This EU approach will reduce the impact of climate change and other drivers reduce the costsof service provision and provide financial benefits to EU and third countries societies.

CONCLUSION

Agricultural Research in Algeria will meet many challenges largely determined by themomentum generated by the implementation of economic reforms, themselves conditioned bytwo major constraints:- Climatic change and its consequences such as increasing drought and flood occurrencesand more water scarcity. The last will constitute from now a major determinant in the definitionof all the components of the food security policy of Algeria.- Globalization of the economy which will induce strong entropy on the markets and a greatinstability of the agricultural products prices because of the risks as well political as climaticbut also because of the substitutability of the products.

Among the biggest challenges that will face Algeria to the Horizon 2023, we can mention:- The necessity to ensure a sustainable management of natural resources and

ecosystems.- The necessity to ensure food security of the nation and citizens.- The resolution of the throbbing question of employment through the development of a

productive and competitive economy.- The establishment of the foundations of an effective governance of both the economy

and society.

Sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems,The Algerian agriculture and rural areas evolve in a climatic context, marked by a

structural aridity, which is expected to be exacerbated in relation with the climate changeperspective that will influence significantly agricultural productivity as well as agricultural andfood economy as a whole .

Thus, the issue of water will be a major challenge for Algeria in the future. Moreover, allsearches are now structured around the nagging question of water that Algeria must solvethrough intensive research programs related to:

- Knowledge and adaptation of biological material to water stress.- Improvement and production of new biological materials adapted to arid environments

and fragile ecosystems.- Knowledge, conservation, sustainable management of water resources and improving

the resilience of agro-ecosystems.- The use of biotechnology to solve problems or overcome abiotic stresses, including

water stress, which apply to Algeria.- Application of processing technologies for wastewater use in agriculture which

contribute, also, to the preservation of the quality of fresh water and reduction of pollution theMediterranean Sea.

On the other hand, the preservation of biodiversity requires dynamic management ofecosystems that are, ultimately, providers of environmental services necessary to meet thesocio-economic needs of the population.

Operationally, the preservation of biodiversity requires the implementation ofparticipatory approaches focused on ecosystems, involving social actors as well as institutions.


But beyond the significant progress recorded in the implementation of the strategy forbiodiversity conservation in Algeria, the process still suffers from the problem of scientificknowledge of resources and ecosystems. This is an undeniable priority research for Algeria.

Ensure food security of the nation, population and households.

Ensure the country's food security is a priority for policy makers in Algeria. Agriculturaland rural policies implemented since 2008 clearly reflect this strategic direction through:

- The structuring of production systems and agrifood channels to meet food demandsand ensure the country's food security.

- The modernization of strategic food chains (cereals, milk, pulses, potatoes, legumes,olive oil, dates, red and white meat).

- The development and consolidation of the food industry foundations which is called toplay an important role in the regulation of markets, especially in a context marked by a growthin demand and changes in eating habits.

In the context of economic openness and food crises, agricultural and food policies areimplemented to provide answers to the problems inherent in the volatility of internationalmarkets and favorable conditions for securing and enhancing supplies that affect stronglyconsumers, farmers and agrifood companies.

Regulation of agricultural and food markets are, from this point of view, a priority for thegovernment. Agricultural research must provide the scientific insights required for this purpose.

The issue of employment and development of a productive economy

The issue of employment is a key concern of for both policy-makers since the early2000s. Indeed, Algeria will face a very tight labor market characterized by an unemploymentrate of 10 % that affects graduates population much more: While the unemployment rateamong people with no qualifications is estimated at 7.3%, unemployment in the population withtertiary education reached 21.4% in 2010 (11.1% in men and 33.6% women)30.

Prospects of consolidating food security through the development of agriculture, thedevelopment of agro-industries and SMEs, the development of environment-related jobs(Water economy, ecosystem and bio-resources valuation) are, from this point of view, calledto generate a dynamic of job creation and improving the living conditions of populations.

By developing research and innovation oriented towards these topics, the researchsector can contribute in a meaningful way to resolve the issue of employment in Algeria.Especially, the research effort will focus on priority products like cereals, legumes, Solanaceae(tomatoes, potatoes), milk and its derivatives, as well as white and red meats. Research in thefield of food industries should, furthermore, promote agricultural chains generating high addedvalue (date palm, olive oil and other local products) and support the process of valorization ofagricultural and agrifood by-products.Furthermore, Beyond the knowledge of the biological material, the research activitiesdedicated to plant genetic resources are an opportunity to create favorable basis - To thecreation of productive activities (SMEs) that generate income for rural populations (breeding,beekeeping).

Governance institutions and societyThe fact is established, the technical and technological solutions are virtually useless if theindividual and collective behavior are not simultaneously modified31. The development ofresearch in social sciences will be inescapable for years to come. These should provideadequate answers to questions related to:

ali

Rectangle


Diagnosis and improvement of production systems. This research will contribute toenhance decisions making about the dynamics and differentiation processes ofproduction systems for better development politics implementation

The evaluation of agricultural and rural policies. The analysis will cover the componentspertaining with agricultural policies including land property regime, economic regulationand incentive, Agricultural water management, training-research and extension, landplanning, agricultural and rural employment, incomes, regional integration (theMaghreb, UE/Maghreb...) and institutions.

rural development which deploys a "Gender" approach whose central question is thestudy of the relationship between gender with the imperatives of preservingbiodiversity, water resources and ecosystems in connection with rural know How . Itwill, moreover, to study the level of gender integration in the institutional developmentprocess.

To institutions and governance. Indeed, by integrating an approach oriented towardsdecentralization and empowerment of rural actors at local level, the new agriculturaland rural policies are firmly anchored in the reform and modernization processes of theState, democratization of society and good governance. Thus, research dedicated tothe analysis of the strategy of rural actors and efficiency of policies implemented shouldbe intensified.

Innovation and technological development activitiesImplementation of a favorable policy to development of innovation, particularly in the areasof agriculture and rural development is imperative in view of the identified needs but alsoto enhance SMEs and industry competitivity. An analysis, far from being exhaustive, of theneeds of Algeria in innovation has allowed establishing seven areas on which potentialclaims have been identified (Physical environment mastery, genetic improvement, agrifoodindustry, crop protection, animal production, Agricultural and agrifood economics).

But innovation activities, both technological, institutional or organizational, as have notexperienced a significant development in Algeria because of institutional cloisenementsbetween industry and the research community. Thus, the most important challenge for the nextten years is to build bridges between these two worlds in the triple helix model framework.

Articulation with Priorities and EU research programs (H 2020)

The analysis of the strategic directions of research in Algeria and their comparison with thoseof European Union, according to the major challenges for the Horizon 201232, has identified anumber of points of convergence. These relate to:

- The research planification based on major challenges (food security, climate changeand water economy).

- Priority research themes (food security, sustainable agriculture, fight against climatechange, efficient use of natural resources; inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

- Integrating SMEs in the process of research and innovation (industrial primacy pillar).- Willingness to mobilize industry stakeholders and engineering sciences, most directly

concerned and most likely to integrate scientific knowledge in an innovationperspective.

- Necessity to develop innovation in a direction favorable to smart, sustainable andinclusive growth

- A greater role for social sciences in the development of research to address all societalchallenges


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

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DJEFLAT A. - L'Algérie et les défis de l'économie de la connaissance. Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung,Alger, Novembre 2008 - 48 P.

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MARD - Programme quinquennal 2010-2014. Basic document, MARD, 2010

MARD - Rapport d’audition MADR. Volet hydraulique. Direction des zones arides et semi-arides. 2012, 27 pages.

MATE - Algérie 2025 : Schéma national d’aménagement du territoire. Equilibre durable etcompétitivité des territoires. Volume 2. February 2007.

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PERENNES, J-J - L'eau et les hommes au Maghreb. Karthala. Paris, 1993.

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WORLD BANK - Transforming Arab Economies: Traveling the Knowledge and Innovationroad. World Bank, 2013, 188 P.

INSEAD and WIPO - The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages forGlobal Growth. Soumitra Dutta Editor, France, 2012, 464 P.


APPENDIX 1

ALGERIAREQUIREMENTS IN INNOVATIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL

DEVELOPMENT


Identification of potential in innovations in the field of Agriculture,agro alimentary and rural development in Algeria / 1

Food and Food industries

Themes Innovations (Needs) Innovations (Priorities) Notice/Partners

Valorization of the vegetableby-products in agricultural

processing industryValorization of mills by-products, date rejectsBy-products Oilseed mills, olive residue andby-products of tomato.

Biotechnological valorization of the daterejects: production of organic, aminoacids / date Syrup, sugar solution, datejuice, jams, food for cattle, vinegar andalcohol.

Innovation relativelycontrolled. To developtesting on an industrialscale and theestablishment ofpartnerships.

Biotechnological valorization of the daterejects for the industrial production ofyeasts

Partnerships to beidentified

Valorization of the traditionaldairy products

Characterization and development oftraditional cheeses ("Takkemarit","Bouhezzab... etc).

Characterization and development oftraditional cheeses ("Takkemarit ","Bouhezza").

Several works developedby INATA and INRAA(Agrifood technologydivision).

Use of antioxidants inagricultural processing

industry Valorization of the medicinal plantsAntioxidants identification and extractionstarting from the aromatic, condimentand medicinal plants

Works in progress. Todevelop

Quality of the fresh andprocessed products

Development of products of quality (Oils,“couscous”... etc.).

Improvement of the technological qualityof the olive oils ("Chemlal» and"Azeradj").

To resume and supplementformer works developed byITAFV, Tizi-OuzouUniversity and INRAA).

Setup of an official sign of quality (Dates,sheep, figs, olives).

Development of a geographicalindication for the date «Deglet Nour ", fig

of «Beni Maouche " and olive of Sig.

ITDAS, ITAFV, INRAA.Existence of a IG for "Deglet Nour " of Tolga,Biskra

FAWIRA Project (Grant Agreement N° 295088)

Identification of potential in innovations in the field for Agriculture,the agro alimentary and the rural development in Algeria / 2

Biotic agents of the vegetable species


Integrated protection of the orchards of rosacea

Development of techniquesof fight against thecarpocapse of the apple andpear trees.

Development of the sterile insectTechnology (SIT).

To develop: INRAA,INPV, ITAFV, universitylaboratories.

Integrated protection of citrus fruits Techniques of fight Use of vegetable oilsTo develop: INRAA,INPV, ITAFV, universitylaboratories

Integrated Protection in protected culturesFight against Tuta absolutaon solanaceous

Identification and development ofpowerful auxiliaries andbiopesticides.

To develop: INRAA,INPV, ITCMI, universitylaboratories

Integrated fight against the bios attackers of dryvegetables

Identification of theantagonistic micro-organismsface to the fusariose ofchickpea, broad beans andthe lens.

Identification and production of theantagonistic micro-organisms to thefusariose of chickpea.

To develop: INRAA,INPV, ITGC, universitylaboratories

Integrated protection of the palmgroove

Identification of antagonisticmicro-organisms as solutionof fight against Fusariose

Use of micro-organisms to fightagainst Bayoud of the Date palm

INRAA, INPV, ITDAS,university laboratories

Inventory of the acarofauneand biological fights againstthe " Boufaroua "(Oligonychus)

Identification and production ofpowerful auxiliaries againstBoufaroua (Case of Ladybirds).

INRAA, INPV, ITAFV,university laboratories

Integrated fight against locusts and the Moroccanlocust

Biological fight against thegregarious acridiens

Identification and production ofsynthetic insecticides and biopesticides plant

To develop. INRAA,INPV, universitylaboratories

Biological fight against thegregarious acridiens

Use of entomopathogenic fungiagainst locusts. Designing a myco-based insecticide using Beauveriabassiana.

Existing innovation forsome fungi. INRAA,INPV, ITAFV, universitylaboratories

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013


Selection and breeding of plants and animals of strategic interest


Identification and safeguarding of the

animal genetic resources

Creation of devices for performance

evaluation and conservation (In and

Ex situ) of threatened animal

populations (sheep, goats, local

bovines, and camels).

Implementation of conservatories

for bovines ("Cheurfa") sheep

("Hamra"), goats ("Makatia") and

poultry (3 phenotypes of the local

population) breeds.

Experiment already carried out by

the ITELV. To consolidate.

Improvement of the local genetic

resources.

Conception programs and devices for

genetic improvement (dairy cattle,

dairy goat and dairy camels, sheep

meat).

Creation of centers for testing,

production and dissemination of

elite ovines genitors (Ouled Djellal,

Hamra, Rembi).

Work already begun by ITELV

CNIAAG in collaboration with

professional associations.

Improvement of the local genetic

resources

Designing programs and devices for

genetic improvement (rabbit).

Creating a synthetic rabbit strain

from crosses including females of

a local population.

Actors involved: ITELV, UMMTO,

INRA Toulouse (France) and INRAA

(Algeria).



Production and animal health


Creation of technical-economicreferences and support to theprofessional organizations

Creation of databases oriented techno-economic systems and sectors / diagnosticexpert systems technology for theorientation of the decision and breedingadvice

Support for milk recording Networkin Algeria. Development ofdatabases / Modern Dairy Cattle(CIZ).

Work to be capitalized inpartnership with ITELV,INRAA, ITELV, ONIL andprofessional organizations(CNA).

Applications to semi-intensivesheep farms and intensive poultry

ITELV

Mastery of reproduction (Cattle,sheep, goats)

Establishment of a research anddevelopment pole dedicated to testing ofbulls: 1 - Structure of animal testing. 2 -Laboratory of semen analysis. 3 - Bank ofsemen conservation. 4 - Laboratory offiliations analysis (DNA). 5 - Centre forcalculating dairy index

Development of a center of testingof the bulls. 1 - Structures testageof animals. 2 - Analysis laboratoryof semen.

Partnerships to be built:CNIAAG, ITELV, INRAA,USTO, University of Blida

Program production and embryo transfer inbovine breeding for the dissemination ofgenetic progress and cost reduction ofanimal handling

Establishment of a laboratory forthe production of sexed embryos(Creating a storage bank ofembryos and a mobile laboratoryembryo transfer

CNIAAG/University of Blida

Optimization of the foodsystems for livestock

Feed formulations optimized incorporatinglocal raw materials (barley, mill feed, alfalfa)

Feed formulations optimized fordairy cattle, poultry and rabbit

ITELV/INRAA/UniversitiesWorks

Valorization of the by-productsin the animal feeds

Identification and characterization of by-products / feed formulation

Feed formulations optimized fordairy cattle and poultry rabbit +

ITELV/INRAA/UniversitiesWork

Pathology of the livestock Development of means of diagnosis, fightand prevention against the diseases(bovine, ovine, caprine)

Optimization of molecular biologytechniques for the diagnosis andprevention of infectious diseases inruminants

CNIAAG, INRAA, ENSV,INMV, universities

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013


Agriculture and durable developmentThemes Innovations (Needs) Innovations (Priorities) Notice/Partners

Inventory, evaluation, conservationand durable use of the animal,vegetable and microbiological geneticresources.

Conservation and durable use of thegenetic resources

Installation of a bank of phytogeneticresources INRAA

Inventory, assessment, conservationand sustainable use of Saharanwheat.

Development of Saharan wheatvarietal catalog of Algeria

INRAA

Development and diversification ofthe production of seeds and plants(potato, corn, olive).

Production of certified seed byvitroculture and hydroponics.Establishment of a laboratory forProduction - Diversification of seedpotatoes: Program of improvementand creation of new varieties.

KOIKA INRAA, CNCC,ITCMI, SAGRODEV

Adaptation and crop management toenvironmental conditions(Agrotechnie)

Introduction of certain varieties ofalfalfa, tomatoes, chickpeas,sorghum, corn and seasoningspecies in the Saharan zones.

Introduction of the varieties alreadytested by INRAA, ITGC and ITCMI.

ITGC, ITCMI, INRAA

Knowledge and development ofneglected and underutilized species(medicinal, aromatic feed andcondiments plants ...)

Introduction of new forage rye andtriticale in crop rotation and animalfeed (Ruminants)

Development of the culture of rye.ITELV, ITGC, INRAA,ONAB, private industryfeed

Inventory, evaluation, conservationand durable use of the speciesneglected and under used (plantsmedicinal, aromatic, fodder,condiment...).

Installation of a bank of thephytogenetic resources

INRAA



Selection and breeding of plants and animals of strategic interest


Creation and/or widening ofgenetic variability for theimprovement of the strategicspecies (resistance,productivity, quality).

Creation of new genotypes(varieties): Date palm, wheat,barley, leguminous plants/chickpeas, olives, vegetables

Commercialization of new productive varieties ofwheat those are resistant to various diseases, withgood technological qualities and adapted to variousagro-ecological zones. Production of barley varietiesadapted to aridity and salinity. Varieties orientedgrains and forages. Varieties adapted to fragile agroecosystems.

Work implemented withinthe framework of“National Program forImprovement of wheat”(PNAB:INRAA/ITGC/ICARDA)

Improvement of the commercial value of thevarieties of existing dates by the creation ofcultivars mutant resistant to the " Bayoud "(varieties Tegaza, Takharboucht) and of quality(Variety Deglet Nour) for the repopulation of theoases devastated by the disease

Activities of R-Ddeveloped by INRAAwithin the framework ofthe projectALG/5/023(INRAA/AIEA/COMENA)

.Selection of plant varietiesthrough participatory approach.

Application of participatoryapproach in geneticimprovement of wheat,barley, triticale, food legumesand date palm.

Protocol development for cereals and date palm. 2 -Promotion of new varieties of hard and soft wheat topropose to the national catalog of species andvarieties.

Several worksinitiated incollaboration withICARDA, ITGC, IPGRI

Research and mastery ofefficient selection methods

Conception of selection and"screening" techniques fordate palm, wheat, barley,leguminous plants, potatoesand olives

Development of the Protocol. INRAA

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Identification of potential in innovations in the field for Agriculture,the agro alimentary and the rural development in Algeria / 7-1

Physical environments, climate and agricultureThemes Innovations (Needs) Innovations (Priorities) Notice/Partners

Study and mapping of cultivationaptitudes of large agropedoclimatic sets

Adaptation mapping tools and integratedapproaches to decision support

Mapping agro-pedoclimaticcharacteristics and agriculturalaptitudes of potential areas,covering the north of Algeria

INRAA, INSID

Research and application of newmethods of cartography.

Creation of integrated databases on physicalnatural resources

Creation of integrateddatabases for major agriculturalareas

Collaboration with INRAA,ASAL, INSID, BNEDER;CNTS ANRH

Interactions Soils - Plants -Microorganisms

Inoculum production and other biologicaltechnologies standardized

Application to leguminousproduction areas

Rehabilitation ofleguminous for therestoration of degradedsoils in arid and semi aridareas

Protection and management ofthe grounds

Design of a technological package ofmanagement of the salted grounds

Application for the arid and semiarid regions.

Project registers within theframework of the co-operation with China

Development of systems andearly warning indicators (agrometeorology, plant protection andanimal health).

Development of forecasting systems ofharvests, identification of areas at risk, cropwater diagnosis (Dates of seeding, cropwater needs, soil reserves, yields) / Modelsbiomass for livestock

Development of afunctionalearly alarm system for thedryness

Work in collaboration withONM, ASAL

Development of early prediction systems ofharvests

Consolidation and developmentof an early and spatializedsystem of forecast (SIG/BDD) ofharvests (Cultivation of cereals,potato).

A forecasting model of thecereal outputs was alreadyinitiated within theframework of the SGIIAR.Partners: DSA, CAW,DSASI



Physical environments, climate and agricultureThemes Innovations (Needs) Innovations (Priorities) Notice/Partners

Agro-climaticcharacterization ofagricultural production zones

Mapping agricultural potential ofnorthern Algeria (01), steppe (02)and Sahara (03)

Mapping agricultural potential of northernAlgeria (01), Case of cereal. Collaboration with INCT

Adaptation and improvementof irrigation to agro-pedo-climatic conditions

Evaluation of crop water needs

Assessment of water needs of crops (wheat,vegetable crops) INRAA, ITDAC, ITCMI

Introduction of water-savingirrigation technology

Introduction of "Small Scale IrrigationTechnologies" (water saving irrigation: sprinklerirrigation and / or localized) and waterrequirements for high added value crops(peppers, tomatoes)

Techniques developedwithin the framework ofcooperation projectsinvolving AIEA.

Valorization of non-conventional water inagriculture (wastewater andbrackish)

Use of treated wastewater inagriculture (3) Technology / watertreatment (3) / resistance of cropsto salinity (3).

Creation of a cluster dedicated to valorizationof wastewater for agriculture (Extra irrigation.....).Agricultural valorization (fertilization) of sewagesludge generated by epuration stations.Introduction of irrigation technics based onpurified wastewater on large irrigated areas(Oran, Tlemcen, Boumerdes, Tissemsilt,Constantine).

Strong incidence on theenvironment (depollution).Possible partners: ONIDONA INRAA, INSID, ANRH,ITGC, Association of theirrigants, DSA, DSPinternational Partners:FAWIRA, IMWI (In project),World Bank

Characterization of waterresources in different agro-climatic zones

Assessment of water availability(03) and wastewater quality (03)

Water Resource Mapping / wastewater qualityMapping

ONID, ONA, INRAA, INSID,ANRH, association ofirrigating, DSA, DSP

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013


Physical environments, climate and agriculture.


Study of degradation process ofsoil: salinization, desertification,water and wind erosion andpollution.

Development of erosive zone maps(1) / Studies on the level of pollutionof soil and water resources (2)

Development of erosive zone maps (1).Application to watersheds

Algeria has 13 millionhectares for 102watersheds (water andsoil).

Using remote sensing and GIS forthe assessment of water resourcesfor irrigation, soil and climate.

Remote sensing technology (1) andGIS (2) applied to natural resourcesand climate change.

Application of remote sensing technologyto the assessment of natural resourcesand climate change (Watersheds).

Algeria's 13 millionhectares for 102watersheds (water andsoil)

Integrated installation andconservatory Communitymanagement water

Mobilization of runoff for irrigation(Sources, "Joubs", "Ceds","Majens")

Adjustment of models in mountains, aridand semi arid zones.

Some existing works(CERAI INRAA HCDS,Universities Mascara,Tlemcen)

Valorization of renewable energiesfor the improvement of the climateswithin the greenhouses

Conception of greenhouse modelssuitable for different agro-climaticzones (global conception,improvement of devices using solarenergy, alternative energy, types ofmaterials, hydroponics).

Application to greenhouse dedicated tovegetable crops.

Partners: INRAA,ITCMI, CDER, CNCC,CO-OPERATIONINRAA/KOPIA



Agricultural and agrifood economicsThemes Innovations (Needs) Innovations (Priorities) Notice/Partners

Improving the functioning ofagrifood chains andagricultural products markets.

Establishment ofobservatory of agrifoodchains and agriculturalproducts markets.

Monitoring, knowledge and improving thevalue chain (production system, marketing ofagriculturalproducts, industrial processing,distribution of processed products,international markets and food consumption).Applications: Cereals, milk, potatoes, dates,legumes, olive, poultry.

Ongoing project: EU Twinning Project /INRAA / MADR. Partners: ITGC,ITCMI, INRAA, ITAFV, ITELV, ITDAS,ONILEV…etc.

Development of territorializedagrifood chain Set up of integrated

agricultural poles (PAI,Clusters)

Milk/Water/Tomato

The option for the creation of PAIseems committed by the government.Projects are reported in the regions ofMedea-Boughzoul (Agriculture) andAlgiers (Biotechnology at the SidiAbdellah Park). A first draft of creatinga cluster is underway in the east regionof the country (World Bank ATR /MADR).

Support to implementation ofthe agricultural policies.

Support to theprofessionalorganizations.

Structuring and support to the creation ofdairy producer groups in Algeria

ITELV, ITGC, ONIL / Bretagneinternational/France

Support to implementation ofthe agricultural policies

Support to theprofessionalorganizations

Establishment of associations in the contextof genetic improvement and promotion ofsheep breeds (Ouled Djellal in Oum ElBouaghi, Rembi in Tiaret)

The associations are the supportdissemination of genetic progresscaptured by the testing centers ofbreeding sheep.

Knowledge and valorization oflocal products and traditionalskills

Economic promotion ofregional products (signof quality: IG, AOCAOG)

"Geographical Indication Sign" for « DegletNour" date, Olive oil and fig.

Works on the "Deglet Nour" date (GI),fig of "Beni Maouche" , sheep breed"Ouled Djellal".

Conception of businessmodels orientedvalorization of regionalproducts in rural areas.

SMEs specialized in drying figs, extraction ofaromatic essences and packaging ofmedicinal plants.

Some works done by ITGC (IREDENProjects)

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013


Biotechnologies applied to agriculture


Multiplication and productionof healthy and performantplant material

Optimization of techniques in vitrocultivation and varietal improvement

Cleansing and mass propagation of datepalm, olive and potato / Optimization oftechniques in vitro cultivation for cropimprovement.

Creation of an industrial unit ofproduction of date palm by Vitrocultivation techniques " (INRAA)

Strengthening the researchpotential in the field ofbiotechnology

Installation of a station of agriculturalbiotechnologies which will come toreinforce the activities of research inrelation to the knowledge and theimprovement of the biologicalmaterial

Installation of the instrumentation and thebasic protocols.

Existence of another research center inbiotechnology at Constantine (CRBT)


APPENDIX 2

INRAA: COOPERATION PROJECTS

Situation in June 2012


INRAA: COOPERATION PROJECTS /1

Project Observations

National Research Program(NRP)Agriculture, Food, forests, agricultural andrural areas / Biotechnology /RenewableEnergy/Environment and SustainableDevelopment

-40 projects funded by the National Fundfor Research and controlled by INRAA-04projects funded by FNR but controlledby CDER and ANDRU.

National Program for Improvement of wheat(INRAA/ ITGC /ICARDA).

International cooperation project. Ongoing(2005-2014).

Developing Capacity for internationalcooperation in the field of research devotedto agriculture, water and food (FAWIRA).

FP 7project funded by the EuropeanCommission (ERAWide). Projectcoordinated by INRAA in partnership withItalian (UNIPI, REDINN) and Spanish(CENTA) institutions. Start:January 2012.

EU-MED Cooperation to foster innovationand exploitation in the agrifood domain (FP 7/Program Capacities, CINEA, 609495).

FP 7project funded by the EuropeanCommission. Project coordinated byGIRAF (Allemagne) in partnership withMorocco (USMBA), Tunisia, France(CNRS) and Spain (IRTA, AlicanteUniversity)

Evaluation of the energy crop Jatrophacurcas as a mean to promote renewable andsustainable energy for the Mediterranean

region (JatroMed).

EUfunded project(ProgramEuropaAid/128320/C/ACT/Multi).International coordinator AUA (Greece);partners CDER (Algeria), MUSCAT(Egypt); CDRT(Morocco) andCRAING(Italy).Ongoing project.

Participation of civil society in the definition ofthe implementation of programs againstdesertification and sustainable ruraldevelopment in mountain areas.

Project funded by EuropaAid program.Partners: Associations AREAED /MIMOUNA with the involvement of MADRand DGF(2012-2014).

Enhancing food security in Arab Countries(ICARDA coordination).This project includes 3 packages: 1/Enhancing wheat productivity (Varieties,irrigation methods. 2/Revitalization of wheatresearch center. 3/Young scientist program.

Project involving research centers from 6countries (Algeria since February 2012,Jordan, Morocco, Sudan, Syria andTunisia).Financed by the IslamicDevelopment Bank, the Kuwait Fund andFADES.

Responding to the transbondary threat ofwhat black stem rust (INT/5/150)Enhancing the productivity of high valuecrops and income generation with small scaleirrigation technologies (RAF 5058).

Funded by the AIEA or the period 2009-2013.




- Increasing the genetic variability for theimprovement of strategic crops (wheat, barley,chickpeas and dates) for enhanced tolerance tobiotic and abiotic stress and the strengtheningof capacities (ALG/5/026).

- strengthening animal health and livestockproduction to improve diagnostic andreproductive capacities in animal breeding andsupport expertise for the feasibility of abiosafety (ALG/5/027)

- Protecting and safeguarding vulnerable areasagainst contamination and mappingvulnerability and risks of ground water pollution(ALG/7/005).

- Preserving arid and semi-arid agro ecosystemsand combating desertification by usingadvanced isotopic technics, developingdecision making tools(ALG/5/028).

Funded by IAAE for the period 2012-2014.

Integrated and sustainable development of theupstream zone (watershed) of OuedTouil.

In cooperation with the University ofViscosa (Brazil). Scheduled forcompletion in2012.

North Western Sahara Aquifer System(SASIII) In collaboration with the NationalAgency of Water Resources andfunded by the Sahara and SahelObservatory (OSS) for the period2011-2013.

Genetic improvement of nutrionnal quality anddrought and salinity tolerance of North AfricanBarley.

NEPAD funding for 2010-2013.

Local know-how and traditions in traditionalsystems: issues and impacts. Case of livestockproduction in pastoral areas.

Funded by ICARDA and IDRC/Canadafor the period 2012-2014.




Potato health-managed foe efficiency and durability(POHMED)

ARIMNET project in collaborationwith teams from France, Moroccoand Egypt for the period 2012-2014.

Resilient, water‐ and energy‐Efficient Forage andfeed crops for Mediterranean Agricultural systems(REFORMA)

ARIMNET project in cooperation withteams from Italy,France,Morocco,Tunisia and USA for theperiod 2012-2014.

Local tree species as a source‐sink of soilmicrobial diversity for improving underexploitednative plant production in South Mediterraneancountries. TREEMED.

ARIMNET project in cooperation withteams of Morocco, Tunisia andFrance for the period 2012-2014.

In vitro culture and genomic assisted fast trackimprovement of wheat (TRITIBIOTEC)

ARIMNET project in cooperation withteams of Morocco, Tunisia andFrance for the period 2012-2014.

Project management of saline soils in the perimeterof the Habra (Relizane)

Cooperation project Algeria/ Chinafunded by China AgricultureInternational Development Co Ltd forthe period 2012-2014.

Development of exchanges in agriculturaltechnology on the following:- Study of the adaptation of fifty (50) Koreanvarieties of wheat and barley;- Improvement of production techniques inhydroponic greenhouse (vegetable crops);-Installation of a prototype of an agriculturalproduction unit powered by solar panels.

Cooperation Algeria /South Korea(Kopia). 2011-2014.



Projects ObservationsImprovement of potatoes seed productiontechniques. Creating a Centre of Potato SeedProduction.

Cooperation Algeria /South Korea(KOIKA). 2011-2014.

Prevention and reduction of risk factors for theenvironment and enhancement of natural commonheritage

Project funded by the EuropeanUnion under the ENPI, led by thePolytechnic University of Catalonia(Spain), INRA France, Italy andMorocco (INRAM).

Improvement of sheep production in semi-arid areaof Algeria

Project funded by the SpanishAgency of InternationalCooperation for Development(AECID) in association with ElCentro de Investigacion y deAragon Technologica (CITA/Spain).

Assessment of climate change and water resourceson irrigation management at the regional and basinscales in Algeria.

Partial financing by IMWI/CGIAR(2012-2015)

Support for the creation of integrated agriculturalclusters in three regions of Algeria.

Cooperation project financed by theWorld Bank and MADR(2012-2014)

Strategy of dairy farmers and sustainabledevelopment of the dairy industry in the plain ofMitidja

Creation of tender wheat varieties resistant to leafrust by using selection assisted by molecularmarkers.

Study of the diversity of fescue vis-à-vis water stressand salinity

Selection and development of resistant varieties offorage species to salt stress under the constraint ofwater in the region of " Bas Chéllif".

Cooperation Algeria /Argentina.


APPENDIX 3

INSTITUTES, CENTERS AND LABORATORIES DEDICATEDTO THE AGRONOMIC RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN

ALGERIA


Food and Food-Processing Industries Areas and Topics.

Specialization Institutions ResearchersPotential

Legal status

Processing and valorisation of plantproducts. Valorisation of plant products andtheir by-products.

Food Technology Division(INRAA /MADR) 12

Scientific and Technological PublicInstitution (EPST).http://www.inraa.dz

Extraction, analysis and control.Aromatic and medicinal plantsFood-processing industry (fats andantioxidants)

Scientific and technicalresearch center in Physico-Chemical Analysis(CRAPC)

77

Scientific and Technological PublicInstitution (EPST).http://www.crapc-dz.org/

Food-processing technology and nutrition Nutrition, Food and Food-Technology Institute(INAATA)

-Institute / M. Mentrouri University.Constantinehttp://www.inataa.org

Treatment and sewage treatmentValorisation of by-food productsConception of new equipment

Food Technology ResearchLaboratory 12

Laboratory (Boumerdes University)

Development of lactic bacteria /Manufacturing Technologies of fermenteddairy products / Development of organic foodingredients.

Applied MicrobiologyLaboratory (Oran-Sénia)

20

Laboratory (Oran University)http://www.labo-lma.com/

Processing and valorisation of plantproducts. Quality of the water used andwaste water in the food industryValorisation of plant products and their by-products.

Food Technology & HumanNutrition Laboratory

18

Laboratory / National SuperiorAgronomy School (ENSA/Alger).http://www.ina.dz


Plant Breeding Areas and Topics (1)


Legal status

Creation and development of varieties:cereal, legumes and feeds

Field Crops Technical Institute/ITGC

- Development InstituteEPA/MADRhttp://www.itgc.dz/

Creation and development of varieties:horticultural cultures (Potato,Solanaceae)

Horticultural and Industrial cropsTechnical Institute/ ITCMI

- Development InstituteEPA/MADR

Creation and development of varieties:Arboriculture: Olive, citrus fruitsrosaceae.

Arboriculture and ViticultureTechnical Institute/ITAFV

- Development InstituteEPA/MADRhttp://www.itafv.dz/

Creation and development of varieties:date palms, horticultural cultures,Saharan Rustic Arboriculture

Saharan agronomy developmentTechnical Institute/ ITDAS


Applied Biotechnologies in date palms. Arid and semi-Arid zonesResearch laboratory / LRZA

6 Teams Research Laboratory /USTHBhttp://www.lrza.usthb.dz/

Plant breeding and selection: wheat,barley, legumes, date palms, potatoes,feeds.

Phytogenetic Resources / PlantBreeding and BiotechnologyDivisions / INRAA

24 EPST/MADR

Control and certification of seeds andseedlings

National Center for Inspection andCertification / CNCC

- Development CenterEPA/MADR

Plant breeding for drought tolerance(wheat)

Breeding and development ofanimal and Plant productionlaboratory.

13 Laboratory /Ferhat Abbas University. SétifNature and Life Sciences faculty.

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Plant Breeding Areas and Topics (2)


Legal status

Tools and strategies for improving cropproduction

Laboratory of Agricultural productionimprovement and Arid ecosystemsprotection in arid areas.

36 Laboratory / Batna University. Veterinaryand Agronomic Sciences InstituteSite : http://lab.univ-batna.dz/lapapeza/

Saharan plant species valorisation andmultiplication.

Scientific and Technical ResearchCenter on the Arid Areas / CRSTRA

- EPST under the supervision of theHigher Education and ResearchScientific Ministry

Research for biochemical and molecularmarkers related to abiotic stress withinMedicago species and wheat.- Tomato tissu culture- Chromosome polymorphism withinMedicago species

Rhizobia Biotechnology and PlantBreeding Laboratory. Oran Sénia(LBRAP)

37 Laboratory/ Biotechnology Department ofSciences Faculty; Oran Universityhttp://www.lbrap.sitew.com

Genetic diversity of Vitis.Breeding and selection on fruit species(olive tree and citrus fruit), vine andtomatoes

Plant Production Laboratory / ENSA 14 Laboratory/Superior National School ofAgronomyhttp://www.ina.dz

Use of the Biotechnologies tools forpotatos’ basic seeds production.Date palm genetic characterization.Fabaceae genetic resources.

Genetic resources andbiotechnologyLaboratory

16 Laboratory/Superior National School ofAgronomyhttp://www.ina.dz


Plant breeding Areas and Topics: Seeds and seedlings Production /3Specialization Institutions Researchers and

laboratories PotentialLegal status

Pre-basic seed production of potatoes (in vitrolaboratory) and cereals (Wheat, barley)

Algerian National AgriculturalResearch Institute / INRAA

- National AgriculturalResearch Institute of AlgeriaEPST/MADRhttp://www.inraa.dz

Production of cereal varieties in AlgeriaImplementation of the program for obtainingvarieties of durum wheat and bread wheat(PNAB, INRAA/ITGC/ICARDA).

Field Crops TechnicalInstituteITGC

Varietal identification.laboratoryPhytosanitary laboratory(serology, molecular).Greenhouse indexing.in vitro laboratoryWastewater PurificationLaboratoryScreen houseGreenhouse forreproduction

Technical DevelopmentInstitute // EPA/MADRhttp://www.itgc.dz/

Potatoes pre-basic seed production. Horticultural and IndustrialCrops Technical Institute/ITCMI

- Development Institute/EPA/MADR

Seeds and seedlings control and certification. National Center forInspection and Certification(CNCC)

- National Center for Inspectionand Certification. EPA/MADR

Clonal and healthy selection / conservation forarboreal species propagation.

Arboriculture and ViticultureTechnical Institute/ITAFV

Varietal identification.laboratory.Phytosanitary laboratory(serology, molecular).Greenhouse indexing.in vitro laboratory.Wastewater PurificationLaboratoryScreen houseGreenhouse forreproduction

Development InstituteEPA/MADRhttp://www.itafv.dz/

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Animal Breeding Areas and Topics


Legal status

Animal populations characterizationAnimal breeding (sheeps, goats,dromedaries)

Animal Production Division /INRAA

12 Scientific and Technological PublicInstitutionhttp://www.inraa.dz

Production of performant biologicalmaterial (sheeps goats, rabbit ).

ITELV - Development InstituteEPA/MADRhttp://www.itelv.dz

Parents' production (sheeps ,cattle andgoats)Artificial insemination and frozen semenand embryos production.Breeding

National Center for ArtificialInsemination and Breeding/ CNIAAG

- Development centerEPIC/MADRhttp://cniaag.net

Characterization and breeding of localanimal races or populations

Biotechnology related to AnimalReproduction Laboratory (Blida)

32 Laboratory / Agronomic Sciences andVeterinary Faculty. SAAD DAHLAB.University, Blida.

Techniques development for selectinglocal breed bees(Apis intermissa) toimprove production beehives

Animal Production Laboratory /ENSA

14 Laboratory / Superior National School ofAgronomyhttp://www.ina.dz


Areas and topics related to the application of biotechnology to agricultural development


Legal status

Applied biotechnology to agriculture (Breeding,food, soil, animal breeding, seed production ...etc.).

Agricultural BiotechnologyStation / INRAA

- Scientific and Technological PublicInstitution (EPST).http://www.inraa.dz

Semen production. Artificial insemination andembryos production.

National Center for ArtificialInsemination and Breeding/ CNIAAG

- Development CenterEPIC/MADRhttp://cniaag.net

Animal races or local populations’ characterizationand breeding.

Biotechnology related toAnimal ReproductionLaboratory(Blida)

32 Laboratory / Agronomic Sciences andVeterinary Faculty. SAAD DAHLABUniversity, Blida.

Applied Biotechnology to agriculture, agro-industryand environment.

Constantine’s BiotechnologyResearch Center.

300 EPST / Constantine University.http://www.crbt.dz

Phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal species.Molecular biology and microorganisms genetics inraw milk

Microorganisms Biology andbiotechnology laboratory(Oran).

15 Laboratory/Oran-Sénia University(Oran-Sénia)

Development of lactic bacteria / ManufacturingTechnologies Fermented dairy products /Development of organic functional food ingredients

Applied microbiologyLaboratory (Oran-Sénia)

20 Laboratory/ Oran-Sénia Universityhttp://www.labo-lma.com/

- Evaluation and selection of rhizobia populations- Inoculum production.- Research for biochemical and molecular markersrelated to abiotic stress within Medicago speciesand wheat.

Rhizobia BiotechnologyandPlant BreedingLaboratory Oran(LBRAP))

37 Laboratory / biotechnology DepartmentSciences Faculty, Oran University.http://www.lbrap.sitew.com

Use of biotechnology tools for potatoes basic seedProduction.Characterization of Medicago by using molecularmethods.Diversity, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolutionstudies.Study “Species complex ”and functioning of thesymbiosis Rhizobium-Fabaceae

Genetic Resources &Biotechnology Laboratory/ENSA

16 Laboratory/ Superior National Schoolof Agronomyhttp://www.ina.dz

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Areas and topics related to understanding and improving agricultural production systems


Legal status

Sustainable agriculture and agro-ecosystem management.

Divisions: Mountains agriculture,Saharan agriculture , Steppe ;"East"and "West"agro systems ;Soils/ INRAA


Biology and knowledge of arid and semi-arid areas.

Dry and semi dry zones Researchlaboratory (USTHB) :

- Laboratory/USTHBhttp://www.lrza.usthb.dz/

Research on arid and semi-arid naturalresources, monitoring areas, erosionprocesses studies.Valorisation and multiplication of Saharanbotanical species.

Scientific and Technical Researchcenter on the Arid Areas/ CRSTRA

EPST under the supervision of theHigher Education and Researchscientific Ministry

Steppe regions development Development Steppe Office/ HCDS Steppe Development Public AgencyEPA/ MADR

Assessment and monitoring ofdesertification processes and contributionto ecosystem restoration for sustainabledevelopment.

Ecology and EnvironmentLaboratory(USTHB)

27 Laboratory/USTHB:http://www.lee.usthb.dz/

Physical and Rural environmentsRural Areas Dynamics and Management

Geography and Regional PlanningLaboratoryLGAT/USTHB

55 Laboratory/USTHBhttp://www.lgat.usthb.dz

-Evaluation and selection of rhizobiapopulations and soil fungi in differentclasses of soil salinity.- Inoculum production (biofertilizer)/Inoculated plants for revegetation andimprovement of dryand salted soil fertility /Promote the production of food legumes.

Rhizobia Biotechnology and PlantBreeding Laboratory(LBRAP)

37 Laboratory / Biotechnology Departmentof Sciences Faculty, Oran Universityhttp://www.lbrap.sitew.com

Agricultural production systems, resourcemanagement and sustainable developmentin semi-arid region.

Valorisation of Biological ResourcesLaboratory (L.V.R.B.N.)

21 Laboratory / Ferhat Abbas University.Nature and Life Sciences Faculty. Sétif


Areas and topics related to the conservation of genetic resources and local Know how / 1Specialization Institutions Researchers Legal status

Genetic diversity of plant species of theHoggar and Tassili, particularly medicinalplants

Arid and Semi-Arid zonesResearch laboratory / USTHB) :LRZA

- Laboratory / USTHBhttp://www.lrza.usthb.dz/

Knowledge and development of Saharangenetic resources: Date palms, vegetablecrops, Sahara cereals, dromedaries, sheeps,goats.

Saharan Agriculture DevelopmentInstitute/ ITDAS


Knowledge and development of cereals,forages and legumes genetic resources.

Field Crops Technical Institute/ITGC


Knowledge and development of Olives,Citrus, Rosaceae, viticulture, rusticarboriculture (Fig trees, pistachio ...etc.)genetic resources

Arboriculture and ViticultureTechnical Institute


Seeds and seedlings control and certification National Center for Inspection andCertification / (CNCC)

- National Center for Inspection andCertification / EPA/MADR

Knowledge and development of horticulturalgenetic resources (potato)

Horticultural and Industrial CropsTechnical Institute/ITCMI

- Development Institute:/ EPA/MADR

Valorisation and multiplication of Saharanplant species.

Scientific and Technical Researchcenter on the Arid Areas /CRSTRA

- EPST under the supervision of theHigher Education and Researchscientific Ministry

Pastoral and steppe genetic resourcesdevelopment

Development Steppe Office /HCDS

- EPA/MADR

Animal genetic resources development(parents ‘production of sheeps, goats, rabbit,bee dromedaries)

Livestock Technical Institute - EPE/MADRDevelopment Institute

Genetic resources development(Frozensemen): Sheeps, goats

National Center for ArtificialInsemination and Breeding/CNIAAG

- Development centerEPIC/MADR. http://cniaag.net

Plant Genetic Resources: exploration,evaluation, conservation and valorisation.

Divisions :Mountains Agriculture,Steppes, Plant Genetic Resources,Saharan Agronomy


Genome analysis in evolutionary ecology andplant biodiversity.

Biology and Organisms PhysiologyLaboratory/ USTHB

- Laboratory/ USTHBhttp://www.lbpo.usthb.dz/

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Areas and topics related to the conservation of genetic resources and local Know How 1/2


Legal status

Characterization and breeding of animal races orpopulations

Biotechnology related toAnimal Reproduction.Laboratory

33 Laboratory / Agronomic Sciences andVeterinary Faculty. SAAD DAHLAB.University , Blida

Preservation of national plant genetic resources,agricultural valorisation and maintenance of geneticvariability.Inventory of plant species in arid and semi-aridareas: case of pistachio.

Natural ResourcesLaboratory / (Tizi Ouzou).

Laboratory / UMMTOwww.ummto.dz

Improving crop tolerance to drought (Wheat)Enhancement of forage species

Breeding and Developmentof Plant and AnimalProduction Laboratory

13 Laboratory/ Ferhat Abbas University.Nature and Life Sciences Faculty. Sétif

Enhancement of economic interests plants(crops,aromatic, medicinal, fodder ...).Biodiversity and species conservation

Valorisation of BiologicalResources Laboratory(L.V.R.B.N.)

21 Laboratory/ Ferhat Abbas University.Nature and Life Sciences Faculty. Sétif

Date palm genetic characterizationFabaceae genetic resourcesCharacterization of forage and pasture species

Genetic Resources andBiotechnology Laboratory/ENSA

16 Laboratory/ ENSAhttp://www.ina.dz

Inventory and development/ conservation ofbiological resources

National Center forbiological resourcesdevelopment / CNDRB

EPA/Ministry of Environment.CNDRB/MATE

Understanding the mechanisms of plant resistanceto abiotic stress(temperature, water deficit, salinity,heavy metals, hydrocarbons...).Molecular systematics, genome analysis inevolutionary ecology and plant biodiversity.

Biology and OrganismsPhysiologyLaboratory /USTHB

Laboratory/Houari BoumedienneSciences and Technology University(Bab Ezzouar): http://www.lbpo.usthb.dz/


Areas and topics related to Agrotechnics


Legal status

Knowledge and development of Saharan geneticresources: Date palms, vegetable crops, Sahara cereals,dromedaries, sheeps and goats

Saharan AgricultureDevelopment Institute /ITDAS


Knowledge and development of cereals, forages andlegumes genetic resources.

Field Crops TechnicalInstitute


Knowledge and development of Olives, Citrus, Rosaceae,viticulture, rustic arboriculture(Fig trees, pistachio ...etc.)genetic resources

Arboriculture and ViticultureTechnical Institute


Seeds and seedlings control and certification National Center forinspection and certification /(CNCC)

- National Center for inspectionand certificationEPA/MADR

Knowledge and development of horticultural geneticresources (potato…)

Horticultural and IndustrialCrops Technical Institute /ITCMI


Animal genetic resources development (parents’productionsheeps, goats, rabbits, bee, dromedaries)

Technical Institute ofLivestock

- EPE/MADRDevelopment Institute

Health and veterinary National VeterinaryMedicine Institute/ INMV

EPE/MADRDevelopment Institute

Fight against crop pests. Health monitoring.Agricultural pests monitoring and treatment.

National Plant ProtectionInstitute / INPV

EPE/MADRDevelopment Institutehttp://www.inpv.edu.dz

Crop protection. Crops irrigation and fertilization.Saharan Agronomy and arid & semi-arid areas. Mountains’agriculture. Technical itinerary (Cereals, Solanaceae, datepalm ... etc.).

Algerian NationalAgricultural ResearchInstitute / INRAA

Scientific and TechnologicalPublic Institutionhttp://www.inraa.dz

Technical itinerary and livestock management (ruminantsand monogastric livestock).

Livestock TechnicalInstitute/ ITELV

Development InstituteEPA/MADRhttp://www.itelv.dz

Fertilization, irrigation and soil amendment.Equipment’s definition of irrigation and drainage

Soil,Irrigation and DrainageNational Institute / INSID

Development InstituteEPA/MADR

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Areas and topics related to production and animal health

Specialization Institutions PotentialResearchers

Legal status

Development and support to livestock chains: sheep, cattle,poultry, rabbits, beesOptimization of dietary intake and feedFood, livestock management and reproduction

Livestock Technical Institute/ ITELV - Development InstituteEPA/MADR

Development and performance improvement of reproductions(Ruminants)

National Center for ArtificialInsemination and Breeding /CNIAAG

- EPIC/MADR

Research and development in relation with the Saharanbreeding (Sheep,dromedary) and feed-fields development

Scientific and Technical Researchcenter on the Arid Areas, (CRSTRA)

- EPST/MESRS

Medicine and animal health National Veterinary Medicine Institute/INMV


Saharan development of husbandry: sheep, dromedary,goats and bee-keeping

Saharan Agriculture DevelopmentInstitute /ITDAS


Animal sectors (cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, bee-keeping ...).Ruminant livestock industry durability in AlgeriaSheep production systems diversity and improvementstrategy nutrition

Animal Production Laboratory /ENSA 14 Laboratory / ENSAhttp://www.ina.dz

Feeding. Farming systems. Bee-keeping.Extensive livestock of sheep and goats / Small livestockMilks qualityLivestock in arid and semi-arid areas

Divisions: Animal Production,Steppique Agro systems, Mountainsagriculture , East and West, SaharanAgronomy, Food Technology

84 Scientific and TechnologicalPublic Institution / EPSThttp://www.inraa.dz

Control parameters and breeding improvement of livestockproductivity.

Research Laboratory "Animal Healthand Production National VeterinaryMedicine School /ENSV

24 Laboratory/ENSVhttp://www.ensv.dz

Use of local resources in the feeding of domestic animals forthe improvement of animal production and the fight againstsome pathologies in arid areas

Agricultural Production Improvementand Arid Ecosystems ProtectionLaboratory / Batna

36 Laboratory/ Batna University.Veterinary and AgronomicSciences Institute.http://lab.univ-batna.dz/lapapeza/


Areas and topics related to the crop protection and the biotic stress

Specialization Institutions PotentialResearcher

s

Legal status

Fight against locusts, parasites of vegetable crops(Solanaceae) and cereal crops. Bio aggressors ofRosacea and date palm

Crop Protection divisionBreeding and BiotechnologyDivision/ INRAA

24 EPST/MADRhttp://www.inraa.dz

Phytosanitary control. Control of agricultural products,plants and seeds. Monitoring and handling of plagues.Modernization and technical mastery of crop protectionby privileging the nonpolluting solutions.

National Plant Protection Institute /INPV

- EPA / MADRhttp://www.inpv.edu.dz

Phytopathology, crop protection.Characters control of resistance to diseases of the datepalm in particular fusariose or “bayoud”.

Research Laboratory on arid andsemi-arid areas(USTHB)

Laboratory/USTHBhttp://www.lrza.usthb.dz/

Acquire the necessary scientific basis for theimplementation of integrated control for majorpathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes andparasitical phanerogams) of crops in relation withenvironment respect

Phytopathology Molecularlaboratory./ ENSA

15 Laboratory /ENSA/MESRShttp://www.ina.dz

Fight against locustsThe decline of Aleppo pineRelationship insects mammals birds

Laboratory of Plant Protection inagricultural and natural ecosystemsagainst pests of crops

18 Laboratory /ENSA/MESRShttp://www.ina.dz

Crop protection : Conception of bio-pesticides and ,fungi as tool of fighting against the natural enemies (inparticular insects and nematodes) of the plants (cropsforest) and the stored food products

Laboratory of improvement anddevelopment of plant and animalproduction.

13 Laboratory / Ferhat AbbasUniversity. Nature and lifeof Science Faculty.

Seeds and seedlings certification and control. National Center for Inspection andCertification (CNCC)

- Certification and control.CenterEPA/MADR

Development of means of chemical and biologicalcontrol against cryptogamic (Fusarium and Verticilium).

Applied Microbiology Laboratory(Oran-Sénia)

20 Laboratory / OranUniversity http://www.labo-lma.com/

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Areas and topics related to Agricultural, agrifood and rural economics (Area 7)

Specialization Institutions PotentialResearchers

Legal status

Rural developmentAgricultural and rural policies / Production SystemsSystems and agrifood chainsAgro alimentary development

Division: Agricultural, agrifoodand rural economics.Algerian National AgriculturalResearch Institute / INRAA


Environmental Economics and Natural ResourcesWater savings in irrigated systemsEvaluation of agricultural, rural and agro-industrialpoliciesStudies on Animal products channels (milk and meat)Financing of agrifood industry companiesCompetitiveness studies related to the main agrifoodindustry chains: wheat, potato, tomato, citrus, olive oiland dates in the context of association agreementbetween Algeria and UE

Agricultural economics, food andrural policies& EnvironmentLaboratory / National SuperiorAgronomy School /ENSA

15 Laboratory/ENSA/MESRShttp://www.ina.dz/

Agriculture and Rural Development EconomicsDivision Agriculture, Territory andEnvironment "/ AppliedEconomics Research forDevelopment Center / CREAD

12 EPST/MESRSwww.cread.edu.dz

Governance, local and rural development, regionalPlanning, Companies

National Center for Populationand Development Studies andAnalysis /CENEAP

50 Studies and Consulting PublicCabinethttp://www.ceneap.com.dz/

Agricultural and rural development National office of the studies forrural development / BNEDER

Studies Cabinet EPIC/MADRhttp://www.bneder.dz/

Physical environments and rural StudiesRural Areas Dynamics and Management

Laboratory of Geography andRegional Planning.LGAT/USTHB

55 Laboratory/USTHBhttp://www.lgat.usthb.dz


Areas and topics related to soil and the fight against desertification / 1Specialization Institutions Researchers Legal status

Agricultural land classification according to the agronomicaptitudes particularly in relation to agro-climatic dataDevelopment of agro-pedological maps and culturalaptitudes.Determining the techniques and methods of fertilization,improvement and preservation of agricultural land.

Soil,Irrigation andDrainage National Institute/ INSID


Inventory and characterization of soils. / Soil degradationprocesses Study. / Cultivation and sustainable soilmanagement. / Study of the evolution of soils under irrigation./ Characterization and functioning of soils (physic-hydric,chemical and biological studies )Mineral soils fertility management

Soils Division / INRAA 12 EPST/MADRhttp://www.inraa.dz

Modeling the phenomenon of soil erosion Environment, Geotechnicsand Hydraulics Lab.

6 LaboratoryLEGYD /USTHB

Physical environment and ruraldynamics and Rural areas Management

Laboratory of Geographyand Regional Planning.LGAT/USTHB

55 Laboratory /USTHBhttp://www.lgat.usthb.dz

Water and Soil Analysis Promotion water and soilresourceslaboratory.University of Tlemcen

Laboratory/. Tlemcen University

Ecosystem mapping.Characterization of soils and soil fertility in arid areasEvolution of soil quality and land valorisationUsing GIS in studies on biotic and abiotic factors in arid areas

Laboratory for theimprovement ofAgricultural productionsand protection of theecosystems in aridregions.

36 Laboratory / BatnaUniversityVeterinary Sciences andAgronomy instituteSite : http://lab.univ-batna.dz/lapapeza/

Inoculum production (biofertilizer) / Inoculated plants forrevegetation and improvement of dry and salted soil fertility /Promote the production of food legumes.

Rhizobia Biotechnologyand Plant BreedingLaboratory (LBRAP) /Oran

37 Laboratory / BiotechnologyDepartment, Sciences Faculty;Oran University.http://www.lbrap.sitew.com

Prospection, evaluation and preservation of soil resources Water Resources Nationalagency

EPA scientific vocation andtechnology. MREhttp://www.anrh.dz/

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Areas and topics related to water resources and agricultural hydraulics /2

Specialization Institutions PotentialResearch

ers

Legal status

Bioclimatology. Evaluation of crop water requirements. Irrigation.Use of treated wastewater. GIS of the natural resources.

Bioclimatology Division/INRAA


Conditions of utilization of water for irrigation according to farmingsystems and different regions of the country.Definition of irrigation and drainage facilities.

Soil, Irrigation andDrainage National Institute/ INSID

- Technical and DevelopmentInstituteEPA / MARD

Water desalination and purification Storage and valorization ofRenewable EnergyLaboratory

4 Laboratory/USTHBhttp://www.lsver.usthb.dz

Water resources (hydrogeology, prospection, evaluation,protection and resource management, environmental impactassessment, forecasting and prevention).Hydro climatology, climate cycles, drought forecasting, isotopegeochemistry, rate evaluation of groundwater recharge.

Geo-EnvironmentLaboratory LGE/USTHB

- Laboratory /USTHBhttp://www.lge.usthb.dz

Quality and water management, hydrology and environment,water resources, environmental engineering and water

Applied hydraulic ResearchLaboratory

42 Laboratory/ Bejaia Universitywww.univ-bejaia.dz/

Water Treatment and purification sewage Food TechnologyLaboratory (Boumerdes)

12 Laboratory/ BoumerdesUniversity.

Evaluation and acquisition of various technologies for theoptimization of water treatment, operation of appurtenantstructures of dam reservoirs or technical measures (metrology).

Research Laboratory inhydraulic groundwater andsurface (LARHYSS, Biskra)

24 Laboratory/Biskra University/MESRS/DGRSDTSite : http://www.larhyss.net


Areas and topics related to water resources and agricultural hydraulics / 3

Specialization Institutions PotentialResearche

rs

Legal status

Development of systems and procedures for elimination ofpollutants from aqueous and gaseous effluents.Study of the mechanism of degradation of industrial facilitiesby contaminated water.Development of techniques for treating contaminated waterfor elimination of corrosive substances vis-à-vis industrialfacilities and to improve its quality for human consumption(recovery and recycling of water).

Environment EngineeringLaboratory /Annaba

24 Laboratory/ Badji MokhtarUniversity – AnnabaScience Engineer FacultyProcess EngineeringDepartmentSite : http://lge-univ-annaba.org

water and soil analysis Water resources and soilPromotion Laboratory

Laboratory/. TlemcenUniversity

Industrial wastewater: recycling, recovery, water conservationand environmental protection.Residual sludge surface treatment.Water desalination.Membrane processes.Drinking water: elimination of organic matter.

Chemistry and EnvironmentChemistry Laboratory

6 Laboratory/ Batna UniversitySite : http://lab.univ-batna.dz/lcce/

Improving water qualityResources preservation and fight against siltation.Integration of user service in the decision-making process.Development of processes aid in regulation and legislationProtection of the environment against industrial and urbanwaste.Protection in arid and semi-arid areas against sagging

Applied Hydraulics ResearchLaboratory /LRHYA.Batna University

5 Laboratory /LRHYA.Batna Universityhttp://lab.univ-batna.dz/lrhya/

INRAA/DSPPRE, 2013

Areas and topics related to water resources, agricultural water and renewable energy 4

Specialization Institutions Researchers Legal status

Hydraulic structures and water treatmentGroundwater and surfacewater Research Laboratory. University of Batna

Laboratory / Batna UniversitySite internet :http://www.larhyss.net/

Cubic meter water valorizationEffects of pollution caused by agricultural inputs.Low quality waters used in agriculture.

Water control Laboratory /ENSA

13 Laboratory/ENSAhttp://www.ina.dz

Study, evaluation, operation and management of superficialwater resources area.Implementation of a Geographic Information System (GIS)related to vulnerability map for decision support in the field offloods, water pollution ... etc..Optimizing the functioning of pumping stations and irrigationdrainage.Study of the behavior of hydraulic structures against thedynamic loads.Desalination of seawater and brackish water.Marine pollution and sediment transport in coastal systems.

Water ResourcesMobilization andValorization Laboratory /ENSH (Blida).

47 Hydraulics National School/Blida/ MESRSSiteWeb : http://www.ensh.dz

Water resources prospection and evaluation.Collection, processing and updating of information on waterresources.Monitoring water resourcePreservation, protection and safeguarding resources againstall forms of degradation.

National Water ResourcesAgency

- Administrative institutiondedicated to science andtechnology. Water ResourcesMinistryhttp://www.anrh.dz/

Water treatment (desalination, distillation ...) by solar thermalenergy and thermodynamics.Solar thermal applications (heating, drying, greenhouse, ...)Agricultural applications of geothermal energy (heating,drying, ...)

Renewable EnergyDevelopment Center /CDER

112 EPST/MESRS/DGRSDThttp://www.udes.dz/

Water purification and desalination.Solar photo degradation of organic pollutants

Storage and Valorization ofRenewable EnergiesLaboratory / USTHB

17 Laboratory/ USTHBhttp://www.lsver.usthb.dz


APPENDIX 4 - INSTITUTIONS, COMPANIES ANDORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN VARIOUS SECTORS OFAGRICULTURE AND FOOD IN ALGERIA / 1

AREAS POTENTIAL INSTITUTIONS, COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED

Agricultura

land

food

industr

ies

Ministries: MADR (DSASI, DRDPA, DOFPP), MESRS, MIPME-PI, MPRH, MRE,MATE, MICO.Agencies and public institutions: ANDPME, ANDI, CNRC, IANOR, CAQUE,ANSEJ, ANDREVET, ALGEX.Research institutes and centers: CREAD, CACQUE, BNEDER, CENEAP, INATA.Professional and interprofessional organizations: CNA, CACI, CNAM, CNPME,ONILEV, ONIL.Groups and public companies: EAGR, GSPG, SEVFPA, SVPAT (ONCV,SUDACO, SAO), ONAB, CNIAAG, OAIC.Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.

Pla

nt

Bre

edin

g Ministries: MADR (DRDPA, DOFPP, DPVCT), MATE, MESRS.Agencies and public institutions: ANDPME, ANDI, IANOR, ANDREVETResearch institutes and centers: CNCC, INRAA, ITGC, ITCMI, ITAFV, CRSTRAProfessional and interprofessional organizations:: CNAGroups and public companies: GSPG, SEVFPA, SVPAT (ONCV, SUDACO,SAO), OAIC/CCLS.Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.

Anim

alB

reedin

g Ministries: MADR (DRDPA, DOFPP)Agencies and public institutions: ANDREVETResearch institutes and centers: ITELV, INRAA, CRSTRAProfessional and interprofessional organizations:: CNAGroups and public companies: GSPG, ONAB, CNIAAG.Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.

Applie

dB

iote

chnolo

gy

toagriculture

Ministries: MADR (DRDPA), MIPME-PI, MATE, MESRS/DGRDTAgencies and public institutions: ANDPME, ANDI, IANOR, ANSEJ, ANDREVETResearch institutes and centers: CRB Constantine, INRAAProfessional and interprofessional organizations: CNA, CACI, CNPME, ONILEV,ONIL.Groups and public companies: CNIAAG.Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.

Pro

duction

Syste

ms

Know

ledge’s

Ministries: MADR (DSASI, DRDPA, DOFPP, DGF), MIPMEPIAgencies and public institutions: ANDREVETResearch institutes and centers: CREAD, BNEDER, CENEAP, INRAA, CRSTRA,INRFProfessional and interprofessional organizations: CNA, ONILEV, ONIL

Genetic

Resourc

es

and

Localknow

ledge Ministries : MADR (DRDPA, DOFPP), MATE, Ministère de la culture

Agencies and public institutions: ANDREVET, HCDS, CDARSResearch institutes and centers: CNDRB, INRAA, INRF ; CRSTRAProfessional and interprofessional organizations: CNA, ONILEV, ONIL.Groups and public companies: SVPAT (ONCV, SUDACO, SAO…etc.).Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.



agro

technic

al Ministries: MADR

Agencies and public institutions: /Research institutes and centers: ITGC, ITCMI, ITAFV, CNCC, INSID, ITDASProfessional and interprofessional organizations: CNAGroups and public companies: SVPAT (ONCV, SUDACO, SAO…etc.).Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.

Anim

alH

ealth

and

Pro

duction

Ministries: MADR (DSASI, DRDPA, DSV, DOFPP), MIPME-PI, MPRH, MICOAgencies and public institutions: HCDS, ANDPME, ANDI, CNRC, IANOR,ANSEJ, ANDREVETResearch institutes and centers /offices: INRAA, CRSTRA, ITELV, INMV.Professional and interprofessional organizations: CNA, CACI, CNAM, CNPME,ONILEV, ONIL.Groups and public companies: EAGR, GSPG, SEVFPA, SVPAT (ONCV,SUDACO, SAO), ONAB, CNIAAG, OAIC.Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.

Cro

ppro

tect

ion

and

bio

tic

stre

ss

MADR (DPVCT)Research and development institutes: INPV, INRAA

Agricultura

l,fo

od-

pro

cessin

gand

rura

leconom

ics

Ministries: MADR, MIPME-PI, MRE, MICO, MICL, MATE, M. Statistiques etProspective.Agencies and public institutions ANDI, ANDPME, ANSEJ, IANOR, HCDS, ONS.Research institutes and centers: INRAA, CRSTRA, CREAD, INRF, CENEAP,BNEDERProfessional organizations: CNA, ONILEV, ONIL, employers' organizations (FCE)Interprofessional Councils (Milk, Potatoes, Cereals, Aviculture)Groups and public companies: EAGR, GSPG, SEVFPA, SVPAT (ONCV,SUDACO, SAO), ONAB, CNIAAG, OAIC.Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics.

Soils

and

fight

again

st

desert

ific

ation Ministries: MADR (DZASA, DGF, DOFPP), MATE

Agencies and public institutions HCD, ASALResearch institutes: INRAA, INRF, INSID, INCTGroups and private companies. To identify related to topics.





Arid andSemi-Arid

Zones

Ministries: MADR (DZASA, DGF), MATEAgencies and public institutions: HCDS, CDARSResearch and development Institutes: ITDAS, CRSTRA, INCT

Water andwater

resources

Ministries: MRE, MADR (DZASA, DGF), MATE, MESRS/DGRSDT.Agencies and public institutions: ONID, ONA, ANBT, AGBH, ANRH, HCDS,CDARSResearch institutes and centers / Council offices: ITGC, INSID, ITAFV, ITCMI,INSID, INRAA, CRSTRA, BNEDER, CENEAP.Professional organizations: CNA/CAW, ONILEV

Innovation

and

researc

hre

sults

valo

rization

Ministries: MADR/DFRV, MIPME-PI, MPRH, MRE, MATE, MICO, MIFI,MESRS/DGRSDT.Agencies and public institutions ANDPME, ANDI, CNRC, IANOR, ANSEJ,ANDREVET, INAPI, IANOR, ONML.employers' organizations: FCE, CGEACenters and research-development institutes: INSID, INRAA, ITGC, INPV, INMV,ITCMI, ITAFV, INCT, ANRH, AGBH, BNEDER.Professional and interprofessional organizations: CNA, ONILEV, ONIL, CACI,CNAM, CNPME.Groups and public companies: EAGR, GSPG, SEVFPA, SVPAT (ONCV,SUDACO, SAO), ONAB, CNIAAG, OAIC.Groups and private companies. To identify related to topics

Business and InnovationREAGE :Network Algerians Higher Schools Graduates

(http://www.reage.net)Algerian Overseas/ Canada.http://www.algeriansoverseas.com/

Algerian Start‐up Initiative. Algeria/USA.www.algerianstartupinitiative.com/.International Agency for Mediterranean Cooperation (ANSEJ,CNAC).http://www.entreprendre-mediterranee.com/


NOTES

1 M. Gaillard- Grands défis pour Horizon 2020. FutuRIS 2012 - Chapitre 4.

www.anrt.asso.fr/fr/futuris/pdf/esr/2012E.pdf.

2 MADR – Le renouveau agricole et rural en marche. Revue et perspectives. Mai, 2012, 95 Pages.

3 MADR – Le renouveau agricole et rural en marche. Revue et perspectives. Mai, 2012, 95 Pages.

4 J.J PERENNES - Water and men in the Maghreb. Karthala Edition. Paris,1993.

5 MATE- National Plan of actions for the environment and the durable development. January, 2002. P

39.

6 MATE, 2002-0p.Cit.

7 MATE, 2002-0p.Cit.

8 R.TAIBI, 2010-Op.Cit.

9 R.TAIBI, 2010-Op.Cit

10 MADR- Rapport d’audition MADR. Volet hydraulique. Direction des zones arides et semi-arides.

2012, 27 pages.

11Ministry for water resources (MADR, 2012 – Op.cit.).

12Ministry for water resources (MADR, 2012 – Op.cit.).

13 MADR, 2012

14 MADR, 2012

15 MADR, 2012

16 MADR, 2012

17 MADR, 2012

18 MADR – Le renouveau agricole et rural en marche. Revue et perspective. Mai, 2012, P 7.

19 The section dedicated to the production of seeds and seedlings was incorporated from 2008 in

development strategies. This program aims to ensure greater production of seeds, plants and spawners

certified on one hand, and consequently to ensure basic food security and national sovereignty on the

other hand. This program aims to ensure a higher rate of use of quality seeds and to ensure

diversification of supply at the cooperative and nurseries levels. The sustainability of the system was

ensured by its integration into a network of pilot farms whose rehabilitation has been sanctioned by the

Farm Bill.

See Law 08-16 of 3 August 2008 on agricultural orientation.

20 On the 33 fodder kinds, including approximately 293 species, INRAA operates only on three kinds:

Sulla (Hédysarum), Clover (Trifolium) and alfalfa (Médicago).

21Family composed by Fabacées, Poacées, Cistacées, Astéracées and Chénopodiacées and

Plantaginacées.

22 MATE-Algeria 2025: National plan for regional planning. Durable balance and competitiveness of

the territories. Volumes2. February 2007.


23 The implementation of this program involves the development of appropriate approaches:

participatory, GED (Gender and Development), MED (Sustainable Livelihoods) and BSG (Gender

Responsive Budget) approaches.

24 Law No. 10-03 of 15 August 2010 fixing the terms and conditions of use of agricultural land in the

private domain of the State.

25About this issue please refer to:

Abdelkader Djeflat - L'Algérie et les défis de l'économie de la connaissance. Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung,

Alger, November 2008 - 48 P.http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/algerien/06412-etude.pdf

- World Bank - Transforming Arab Economies: Traveling the Knowledge and Innovation road. Full

report. World Bank, 2013, 188 P.

INSEAD and WIPO - The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global

Growth. Soumitra Dutta Editor, France, 2012, 464 P.

26 Djeflat A.- L’acte d’innovation est un acte qui fédère une multitude d’acteurs. DZ Entreprises. Le

Magazine de l’entreprise Algérienne. http://www.dzentreprise.net/?p=2135.

27 Several plans to launch food clusters are implemented in Algeria but with actions and low

inconclusive results:

- Clusters dedicated to industrial tomato (Annaba, Guelma), dates (Ghardaia, Biskra) and beverages

(Ministry of Industry, SMEs and Investment Promotion / GTZ)

- Integrated Agricultural Poles developed (Milk / Setif) which is deployed in the context of the Strategic

Partnership between the MARD and the World Bank,

28APRODEV (Brussels) report on Horizon 2020

29United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20, Outcome of the Conference, ‘The

future we want’ 19 July 2012, paragraph 108 – 118 (A/CONF/216/L.1)

30 ONS - Employment and unemployment in the fourth quarter of 2010.

http://www.ons.dz/IMG/pdf/emploi_chomage_2010.pdf

Regarding this issue see in particular: Djeflat A. - Building Knowledge Economies for job creation,

increased competitiveness, and balanced development :Individual country overviews.

Communication at the International Conference organized by the World Bank. Carthage, December 1-

3, 2009.

http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/252537/2009-12-18-

142047_ADjeflat%20_Background_Report.pdf

31 M. Gaillard- Grands défis pour Horizon 2020 . FutuRIS 2012 - Chapitre 4.

http://www.anrt.asso.fr/fr/futuris/pdf/esr/2012E.pdf

32 M. Gaillard, 2012 – Op.Cit.

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