printing silver nanogridson glass: a hands-on ... · the next generation of optoelectronic devices...
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Silver Nanogrid/Nanowire Importance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvzDBaXo2z8
The next generation of optoelectronic devices requires transparent conductive electrodes to be lightweight, flexible, cheap, and compatible with large scale manufacturing methods.
Kumar, A,. Zhou, C.; The Race to Replace Tin-Doped Indium Oxide: Which Material Will Win? ACS Nano, 4, 11-14.
Silver Nanowire Synthesis
Korte, K. Rapid Synthesis of Silver Nanowires. 2007 NNIN REU Program, Seattle, WA, 2007; 28-29.
Polyol Method: Silver nitrate is reduced by ethylene glycol in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and copper(II) chloride. PVP acts as a stabilizing agent, while the copper chloride likely controls the rate of silver reduction and initial seed formation.
Silver Nanowire Synthesis
Bentley, A. K.; Farhoud, A. B.; Ellis, A. B.; Lisensky, G. C.; Crone, W. C. J. Template Synthesis and Magnetic Manipulation of Nickel Nanowires. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 765-767.
Template-Assisted Nanowire Synthesis
1. To provide a simple and low-cost experiment that allows introductory nanotechnology students to become familiar with micro- and nanofabrication (direct-printing methods) with real-world relevance.
3. To introduce students to template modification.
2. To provide students with opportunities to use various characterization techniques.
Objectives
Microcontact-Printing of PVP GridENGR 1050: Introduction to Nanotechnology
Bright-Field MicroscopyMSE 1820: Fundamentals of Microscopy
Conductive AFMMSE 2320: Introduction to Scanning Probe Microscopy
Associated Labs
Publication
Sanders. W. C.; Fabrication of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Micro-/Nanostructures Utilizing Microcontact Printing. J. Chem. Ed. 2015, 92, 1908-1912.
Publication
Sanders. W. C., Valcarce, R., Iles, P., Smith, J. S.; Glass, G., Gomez, J., Johnson, G., Johnston, D., Morham, M., Beefus, E., Oz, A., Tomaraei, M.; Printing Silver Nanogrids on Glass. J. Chem. Ed. 2017, 94, 758-763.
“Soft” organic materials are used to transfer patterns to substrates.
Conformal contact: Stamp is elastic enough to conform to the substrate.
Soft Lithography
1. Cut a CD square
2. Remove labels
3. Place CD in a shallow dish
4. Pour PDMS over CD*
5. Remove stamp from dish
*PDMS is cured on a hot plate for 15-20 minutes
Preparing PDMS Stamps
Binder in many pharmaceutical tablets.
Adhesive in glue and hot-melt sticks.
Used to increase the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid forms.
Found in personal care products (shampoos, toothpastes) and paints.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
PVP/Silver Ion Interactions
M+
M+
M+
PVP has a strong tendency for complex formation with small molecules and readily interacts with metal cations in solution.
Khan, M. S.; Gul, K.; Rehman, N. U. Interaction of Polyvinylpyrrolidone with Metal Chloride Aqueous Solutions. Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 2004, 22, 581-584.
Challenge 1: PDMS/Solution Interaction
PVP is soluble in water and various alcohols.
Water on PDMS Alcohol on PDMS
Challenge 2: Humidity
Small amounts of water can result in the formation of beaded PVP structures.
Yuya, N.; Kai, W.; Kim, B. S.; Kim, I. S. Morphology Controlled Electrospun Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Fibers: Effects of Organic Solid and Relative Humidity. J. Mat. Sci. Eng. with Adv. Tech., 2010, 2, 97-112.
Challenge 2: Humidity
The presence of water can also result in the formation of PVP films.
Yuya, N.; Kai, W.; Kim, B. S.; Kim, I. S. Morphology Controlled Electrospun Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Fibers: Effects of Organic Solid and Relative Humidity. J. Mat. Sci. Eng. with Adv. Tech., 2010, 2, 97-112.
Small traces of water on the surface of stamps and substrates is removed by heating with a hot plate for approximately 10 minutes prior to the experiment.
Challenge 2: Humidity
Procedure:Sputter Coating with Copper
Comparison of cross-sectional data for a PVP grid with no copper layer, and
for the same PVP grid after addition of the copper layer suggests the
thickness of the copper layer is approximately 5 nanometers thick.
Sanders. W. C., Valcarce, R., Iles, P., Smith, J. S.; Glass, G., Gomez, J., Johnson, G., Johnston, D., Morham, M., Beefus, E., Oz, A., Tomaraei, M.; Printing Silver Nanogrids on Glass. J. Chem. Ed. 2017, 94, 758-763.
Procedures:Metallization
4 Ag+(aq)+ C6H5O7Na3(aq) + 2 H2O(l) → 4 Ag0
(s) + C6H5O7H3(aq) + 3 Na+(aq) + H+
(aq) + O2(g)
Ratyakshi; Chauhan, R. P. Colloidal Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles. Asian J. Chem. 2009, 21, S113-116.
AFM Data:Physical Dimensions
Atomic force microscope images of copper-coated PVP grid before the
reaction with silver nitrate/sodium citrate solution (a) and after the reaction
(b). A cross-sectional profile of both AFM scans (c).
Sanders. W. C., Valcarce, R., Iles, P., Smith, J. S.; Glass, G., Gomez, J., Johnson, G., Johnston, D., Morham, M., Beefus, E., Oz, A., Tomaraei, M.; Printing Silver Nanogrids on Glass. J. Chem. Ed. 2017, 94, 758-763.
SEM Data
EDS scan on and off the silver nanogrid pattern (a). EDS spectra of both
scans (b).Sanders. W. C., Valcarce, R., Iles, P., Smith, J. S.; Glass, G., Gomez, J., Johnson, G., Johnston, D., Morham, M., Beefus, E., Oz, A., Tomaraei, M.; Printing Silver Nanogrids on Glass. J. Chem. Ed. 2017, 94, 758-763.
SEM Data
Sanders. W. C., Valcarce, R., Iles, P., Smith, J. S.; Glass, G., Gomez, J., Johnson, G., Johnston, D., Morham, M., Beefus, E., Oz, A., Tomaraei, M.; Printing Silver Nanogrids on Glass. J. Chem. Ed. 2017, 94, 758-763.
Conductivity
Sanders. W. C., Valcarce, R., Iles, P., Smith, J. S.; Glass, G., Gomez, J., Johnson, G., Johnston, D., Morham, M., Beefus, E., Oz, A., Tomaraei, M.; Printing Silver Nanogrids on Glass. J. Chem. Ed. 2017, 94, 758-763.
Acknowledgements
SLCC Chemistry Department
SLCC Engineering Department
Dr. Peter Iles
Ron Valcarce
Dr. James Smith
Joven Calara
Gabe Glass
Jesus Gomez
Glen Johnson
Aimee Oz
Maclaine Morham
Mohammad Tomarei
Aubrey Lines
Myles Van Weerd
John Meyers
Davies Young
Cristofer Page
Kyle Salisbury
Dan Johnston
Elliot Befus